2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries
3,979 delegates to the Democratic National Convention; 1,990 delegates needed to win;
Joe Biden Bernie Sanders	Pete Buttigieg Michael Bloomberg
Previous Democratic nominee; Hillary Clinton;	Democratic nominee ; Joe Biden;

Presidential primaries and caucuses were organized by the Democratic Party to select the 3,979 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention held on August 17–20 to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2020 United States presidential election. The elections took place in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and through Democrats Abroad, and occurred between February 3 and August 11.

A total of 29 major candidates declared their candidacies for the primaries. Former Vice President Joe Biden led polls throughout 2019, with the exception of a brief period in October when Senator Elizabeth Warren experienced a surge in support.^[3] 18 of the 29 declared candidates withdrew before the formal beginning of the primary due to low polling, fundraising, and media coverage. The first primary was marred by controversy, as technical issues with vote reporting resulted in a three-day delay in vote counting in the Iowa caucus, as well as subsequent recounts. The certified results of the caucus eventually showed Mayor Pete Buttigieg winning the most delegates, while Senator Bernie Sanders won the popular vote in the state. Sanders then won the New Hampshire primary in a narrow victory over Buttigieg before comfortably winning the Nevada caucus, solidifying his status as the front-runner for the nomination.^[4]^[5]

Biden, whose campaign fortunes had suffered from losses in Iowa, New Hampshire and Nevada, made a comeback by overwhelmingly winning the South Carolina primary, motivated by strong support from African American voters, an endorsement from South Carolina U.S. Representative Jim Clyburn, as well as Democratic establishment concerns about nominating Sanders.^[6] After Biden won South Carolina, and one day before the Super Tuesday primaries, several candidates dropped out of the race and endorsed Biden in what was viewed as a consolidation of the party's moderate wing. Prior to the announcement, polling saw Sanders leading with a plurality in most Super Tuesday states.^[7] Biden then won 10 out of 15 contests on Super Tuesday, beating back challenges from Sanders, Warren, and former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, solidifying his lead.^[7]

On April 8, Biden became the presumptive nominee after Sanders, the only other candidate remaining, withdrew from the race.^[8] In early June, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates to win the nomination.^[9]^[10] Seven candidates received pledged delegates: Biden, Sanders, Warren, Bloomberg, Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar and U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard.^[11] On August 11, Biden announced that former presidential candidate Senator Kamala Harris would be his running mate.^[12] Biden and Harris were officially nominated for president and vice president by delegates at the Democratic National Convention on August 18 and 19.^[13]^[14] Biden and Harris won the presidency and vice presidency in the general election on November 3, defeating the incumbents President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence.

Biden became the first Democratic candidate since Bill Clinton, and the third ever Democratic candidate,^[c] to win the nomination without carrying either Iowa or New Hampshire, the first two states on the primary/caucus calendar.

The primaries were initially scheduled to go through June 6. The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States caused a number of states to shift their primaries to later in the year.

Background

After Hillary Clinton's loss in the previous election, many felt the Democratic Party lacked a clear leading figure.^[15] Divisions remained in the party following the 2016 primaries, which pitted Clinton against Bernie Sanders.^[16]^[17] Between the 2016 election and the 2018 midterm elections, Senate Democrats generally shifted to the political left in relation to college tuition, healthcare, and immigration.^[18]^[19] The 2018 elections saw the Democratic Party regain the House of Representatives for the first time in eight years, picking up seats in both urban and suburban districts.^[20]^[21]

Reforms since 2016

On August 25, 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) members passed reforms to the Democratic Party's primary process in order to increase participation^[22] and ensure transparency.^[23] State parties are encouraged to use a government-run primary whenever available and increase the accessibility of their primary through same-day or automatic registration and same-day party switching. Caucuses are required to have absentee voting, or to otherwise allow those who cannot participate in person to be included.^[22]

Independent of the results of the primaries and caucuses, the Democratic Party, from its group of party leaders and elected officials, also appointed 771^[a] unpledged delegates (superdelegates) to participate in its national convention.

In contrast to all previous election cycles since superdelegates were introduced in 1984, superdelegates will no longer have the right to cast decisive votes on the convention's first ballot for the presidential nomination. They will be allowed to cast non-decisive votes if a candidate has clinched the nomination before the first ballot, or decisive votes on subsequent ballots in a contested convention.^[24]^[25] In that case, the number of votes required shall increase to a majority of pledged and superdelegates combined. Superdelegates are not precluded from publicly endorsing a candidate before the convention.

There were a number of changes to the process of nomination at the state level. A decline in the number of caucuses occurred after 2016. Democrats in Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Washington all switched from various forms of caucuses to primaries. Hawaii, Kansas, and North Dakota switched to party-run "firehouse primaries".^[26]

This resulted in the lowest number of caucuses in the Democratic Party's recent history. Only three states (Iowa, Nevada, and Wyoming) and four territories (American Samoa, Guam, Northern Marianas, and U.S. Virgin Islands) used them. Six states were approved in 2019 by the DNC to use ranked-choice voting in the primaries: Alaska, Hawaii, Kansas, and Wyoming for all voters; Iowa and Nevada for absentee voters.^[27] Rather than eliminating candidates until a single winner is chosen, voters' choices were reallocated until all remaining candidates have at least 15%, the threshold to receive delegates to the convention.^[28]

Several states which did not use paper ballots widely in 2016 and 2018, adopted them for the 2020 primary and general elections,^[29] to minimize potential interference in vote tallies, a concern raised by intelligence officials,^[30] election officials^[31] and the public.^[32] The move to paper ballots enabled audits to start where they had not been possible before, and in 2020 about half the states audit samples of primary ballots to measure accuracy of the reported results.^[33] Audits of caucus results depend on party rules, and the Iowa Democratic party investigated inaccuracies in precinct reports, resolved enough to be sure the delegate allocations were correct, and decided it did not have authority or time to correct all errors.^[34]^[35]^[36]

Rules for number of delegates

Number of pledged delegates per state

The number of pledged delegates from each state is proportional to the state's share of the electoral college, and to the state's past Democratic votes for president.^[37]^[38] Thus less weight is given to swing states and Republican states, while more weight is given to strongly Democratic states, in choosing a nominee.

Six pledged delegates are assigned to each territory, 44 to Puerto Rico, and 12 to Democrats Abroad. Each jurisdiction can also earn bonus delegates by holding primaries after March or in clusters of 3 or more neighboring states.^[37]

Within states, a quarter of pledged delegates are allocated to candidates based on statewide vote totals, and the rest typically based on votes in each congressional district, although some states use divisions other than congressional districts. For example, Texas uses state Senate districts.^[39]^[37] Districts which have voted Democratic in the past get more delegates, and fewer delegates are allocated for swing districts and Republican districts.^[37] For example, House Speaker Pelosi's strongly Democratic district 12 has 7 delegates, or one per 109,000 people, and a swing district, CA-10, which became Democratic in 2018, has 4 delegates, or one per 190,000 people.^[40]^[41]^[42]

Candidate threshold

Candidates who received under 15% of the votes in a state or district didn't get any delegates from that area. Candidates who got 15% or more of the votes divided delegates in proportion to their votes.^[40]^[43] These rules apply at the state level to state delegates and within each district for those delegates. The 15% threshold was established in 1992^[44] to limit "fringe" candidates.^[45] The threshold now means that any sector of the party (moderate, progressive, etc.) which produces many candidates, thus dividing supporters' votes, may win few delegates, even if it wins a majority of votes.^[45]^[46]^[44]

Schedule and results

Date (daily totals)	Total pledged delegates	Contest and total popular vote	Delegates won and popular vote
			Joe Biden	Bernie Sanders	Elizabeth Warren	Michael Bloomberg	Pete Buttigieg	Amy Klobuchar	Tulsi Gabbard	Other

February 3	41	Iowa 172,300^[d]	^[e]14^[e] 23,605 (13.7%)	9 45,652 (26.5%)	5 34,909 (20.3%)	16 (0.0%)	^[f]12^[f] 43,209 (25.1%)	1 21,100 (12.2%)	16 (0.0%)	3,793 (2.2%)
February 11	24	New Hampshire 298,377	24,944 (8.4%)	9 76,384 (25.6%)	27,429 (9.2%)	4,675 (1.6%)	9 72,454 (24.3%)	6 58,714 (19.7%)	9,755 (3.3%)	24,022 (8.1%)
February 22	36	Nevada 101,543^[g]	9 19,179 (18.9%)	24 41,075 (40.5%)	11,703 (11.5%)		3 17,598 (17.3%)	7,376 (7.3%)	32 (0.0%)	4,580 (4.5%)
February 29	54	South Carolina 539,263	39 262,336 (48.7%)	15 106,605 (19.8%)	38,120 (7.1%)		44,217 (8.2%)	16,900 (3.1%)	6,813 (1.3%)	64,272 (11.9%)
March 3 (Super Tuesday) (1,344)	52	Alabama 452,093	44 286,065 (63.3%)	8 74,755 (16.5%)	25,847 (5.7%)	52,750 (11.7%)	1,416 (0.3%)	907 (0.2%)	1,038 (0.2%)	9,315 (2.1%)
	6	American Samoa 351	31 (8.8%)	37 (10.5%)	5 (1.4%)	4 175 (49.9%)			2 103 (29.3%)
	31	Arkansas 229,122	^[h]19^[h] 93,012 (40.6%)	9 51,413 (22.4%)	22,971 (10.0%)	3 38,312 (16.7%)	7,649 (3.3%)	7,009 (3.1%)	1,593 (0.7%)	7,163 (3.1%)
	415	California 5,784,364	172 1,613,854 (27.9%)	225 2,080,846 (36.0%)	11 762,555 (13.2%)	7 701,803 (12.1%)	249,256 (4.3%)	126,961 (2.2%)	33,769 (0.6%)	215,320 (3.7%)
	67	Colorado 960,128	21 236,565 (24.6%)	29 355,293 (37.0%)	^[i]8^[i] 168,695 (17.6%)	^[j]9^[j] 177,727 (18.5%)			10,037 (1.0%)	11,811 (1.2%)
	24	Maine 205,937	^[k]13^[k] 68,729 (33.4%)	9 66,826 (32.4%)	2 32,055 (15.6%)	24,294 (11.8%)	4,364 (2.1%)	2,826 (1.4%)	1,815 (0.9%)	5,028 (2.4%)
	91	Massachusetts 1,418,180	^[l]45^[l] 473,861 (33.4%)	30 376,990 (26.6%)	16 303,864 (21.4%)	166,200 (11.7%)	38,400 (2.7%)	17,297 (1.2%)	10,548 (0.7%)	31,020 (2.2%)
	75	Minnesota 744,198	^[m]43^[m] 287,553 (38.6%)	27 222,431 (29.9%)	5 114,674 (15.4%)	61,882 (8.3%)	7,616 (1.0%)	41,530 (5.6%)	2,504 (0.3%)	6,008 (0.8%)
	110	North Carolina 1,332,382	68 572,271 (43.0%)	37 322,645 (24.2%)	2 139,912 (10.5%)	3 172,558 (13.0%)	43,632 (3.3%)	30,742 (2.3%)	6,622 (0.5%)	44,000 (3.3%)
	37	Oklahoma 304,281	21 117,633 (38.7%)	13 77,425 (25.4%)	1 40,732 (13.4%)	2 42,270 (13.9%)	5,115 (1.7%)	6,733 (2.2%)	5,109 (1.7%)	9,264 (3.0%)
	64	Tennessee 516,250	36 215,390 (41.7%)	22 129,168 (25.0%)	1 53,732 (10.4%)	^[n]5^[n] 79,789 (15.5%)	17,102 (3.3%)	10,671 (2.1%)	2,278 (0.4%)	8,120 (1.6%)
	228	Texas 2,094,428	113 725,562 (34.6%)	99 626,339 (29.9%)	5 239,237 (11.4%)	11 300,608 (14.4%)	82,671 (3.9%)	43,291 (2.1%)	8,688 (0.4%)	68,032 (3.2%)
	29	Utah 220,582	7 40,674 (18.4%)	16 79,728 (36.1%)	^[o]3^[o] 35,727 (16.2%)	^[p]3^[p] 33,991 (15.4%)	18,734 (8.5%)	7,603 (3.4%)	1,704 (0.8%)	2,421 (1.1%)
	16	Vermont 158,032	5 34,669 (21.9%)	11 79,921 (50.6%)	19,785 (12.5%)	14,828 (9.4%)	3,709 (2.3%)	1,991 (1.3%)	1,303 (0.8%)	1,826 (1.2%)
	99	Virginia 1,323,693	67 705,501 (53.3%)	31 306,388 (23.1%)	1 142,546 (10.8%)	128,030 (9.7%)	11,199 (0.8%)	8,414 (0.6%)	11,288 (0.9%)	10,327 (0.8%)
March 3–10	13	Democrats Abroad 39,984	4 9,059 (22.7%)	9 23,139 (57.9%)	5,730 (14.3%)^[q]	892 (2.2%)^[r]	616 (1.5%)	224 (0.6%)	146 (0.4%)	178 (0.4%)
March 10 (352)	20	Idaho 108,649	12 53,151 (48.9%)	8 46,114 (42.4%)	2,878 (2.6%)	2,612 (2.4%)	1,426 (1.3%)	774 (0.7%)	876 (0.8%)	818 (0.8%)
	125	Michigan 1,587,679	73 840,360 (52.9%)	52 576,926 (36.3%)	26,148 (1.6%)	73,464 (4.6%)	22,462 (1.4%)	11,018 (0.7%)	9,461 (0.6%)	27,840 (1.8%)
	36	Mississippi 274,391	34 222,160 (81.0%)	2 40,657 (14.8%)	1,550 (0.6%)	6,933 (2.5%)	562 (0.2%)	440 (0.2%)	1,003 (0.4%)	1,086 (0.4%)
	68	Missouri 666,112	44 400,347 (60.1%)	24 230,374 (34.6%)	8,156 (1.2%)	9,866 (1.5%)	3,309 (0.5%)	2,682 (0.4%)	4,887 (0.7%)	6,491 (1.0%)
	14	North Dakota 14,546	6 5,742 (39.5%)	8 7,682 (52.8%)	366 (2.5%)	113 (0.8%)	164 (1.1%)	223 (1.5%)	89 (0.6%)	167 (1.1%)
	89	Washington 1,558,776	46 591,403 (37.9%)	43 570,039 (36.6%)	142,652 (9.2%)	122,530 (7.9%)	63,344 (4.1%)	33,383 (2.1%)	13,199 (0.9%)	22,226 (1.4%)
March 14	6	Northern Mariana Islands 134	2 48 (35.8%)	4 84 (62.7%)						2 (1.5%)
March 17 (441)	67	Arizona 613,355	38 268,029 (43.7%)	29 200,456 (32.7%)	35,537 (5.8%)	58,797 (9.6%)^[s]	24,868 (4.1%)	10,333 (1.7%)^[s]	3,014 (0.5%)	12,321 (2.0%)
	219	Florida 1,739,214	162 1,077,375 (61.9%)	57 397,311 (22.8%)	32,875 (1.9%)	146,544 (8.4%)	39,886 (2.3%)	17,276 (1.0%)	8,712 (0.5%)	19,235 (1.1%)
	155	Illinois 1,674,133	95 986,661 (58.9%)	60 605,701 (36.2%)	24,413 (1.5%)	25,500 (1.5%)	9,729 (0.6%)		9,642 (0.6%)	12,487 (0.7%)
April 7	84	Wisconsin 925,065	56 581,463 (62.9%)	28 293,441 (31.7%)	14,060 (1.5%)	8,846 (1.0%)	4,946 (0.5%)	6,079 (0.7%)	5,565 (0.6%)	10,665 (1.2%)
April 10	15	Alaska 19,759^[t]	8 10,834 (54.8%)	7 8,755 (44.3%)	0 Eliminated 7th	0 Eliminated 3rd	0 Eliminated 6th	0 Eliminated 5th	0 Eliminated 4th	170 (0.9%)^[u]
April 17	14	Wyoming 15,391^[t]	10 10,912 (70.9%)	4 4,206 (27.3%)	0 Eliminated 7th	0 Eliminated 5th	0 Eliminated 6th	0 Eliminated 4th	0 Eliminated 2nd	273 (1.8%)^[u]
April 28	136	Ohio 894,383	115 647,284 (72.4%)	21 149,683 (16.7%)	30,985 (3.5%)	28,704 (3.2%)	15,113 (1.7%)	11,899 (1.3%)	4,560 (0.5%)	6,155 (0.7%)
May 2	39	Kansas 146,873^[t]	29 110,041 (74.9%)	10 33,142 (22.6%)	0 Eliminated 3rd				0 Eliminated 1st	3,690 (2.5%)^[u]
May 12	29	Nebraska 164,582	29 126,444 (76.8%)	23,214 (14.1%)	10,401 (6.3%)				4,523 (2.7%)
May 19	61	Oregon 618,711	46 408,315 (66.0%)	15 127,345 (20.6%)	59,355 (9.6%)				10,717 (1.7%)	12,979 (2.1%)
May 22	24	Hawaii 35,044^[t]	16 21,215 (60.5%)	8 12,337 (35.2%)	0 Eliminated 9th	0 Eliminated 7th	0 Eliminated 5th	0 Eliminated 3rd	0 Eliminated 8th	1,492 (4.3%)^[u]
June 2 (479)	20	District of Columbia 110,688	19 84,093 (76.0%)	11,116 (10.0%)	1 14,228 (12.9%)				442 (0.4%)	809 (0.7%)
	82	Indiana 497,927	80 380,836 (76.5%)	2 67,688 (13.6%)	14,344 (2.9%)	4,783 (1.0%)	17,957 (3.6%)	3,860 (0.8%)	2,657 (0.5%)	5,802 (1.2%)
	96	Maryland 1,050,773	96 879,753 (83.7%)	81,939 (7.8%)	27,134 (2.6%)	6,773 (0.6%)	7,180 (0.7%)	5,685 (0.5%)	4,226 (0.4%)	38,083 (3.6%)
	19	Montana 149,973	18 111,706 (74.5%)	1 22,033 (14.7%)	11,984 (8.0%)					4,250 (2.8%)
	34	New Mexico 247,880	30 181,700 (73.3%)	4 37,435 (15.1%)	14,552 (5.9%)				2,735 (1.1%)	11,458 (4.6%)
	186	Pennsylvania 1,595,508	151 1,264,624 (79.3%)	35 287,834 (18.0%)					43,050 (2.7%)
	26	Rhode Island 103,982	25 79,728 (76.7%)	1 15,525 (14.9%)	4,479 (4.3%)				651 (0.6%)	3,599 (3.5%)
	16	South Dakota 52,661	13 40,800 (77.5%)	3 11,861 (22.5%)
June 6 (14)	7	Guam 388	5 270 (69.6%)	2 118 (30.4%)
June 6 (14)	7	U.S. Virgin Islands 550	7 502 (91.3%)	28 (5.1%)						20 (3.6%)
June 9 (133)	105	Georgia 1,086,729^[v]	105 922,177 (84.9%)	101,668 (9.4%)	21,906 (2.0%)	7,657 (0.7%)	6,346 (0.6%)	4,317 (0.4%)	4,117 (0.4%)	18,541 (1.7%)
June 9 (133)	28	West Virginia 187,482	28 122,518 (65.3%)	22,793 (12.2%)	5,741 (3.1%)	3,759 (2.0%)	3,455 (1.8%)	3,011 (1.6%)	4,163 (2.2%)	22,042 (11.8%)
June 23 (328)	54	Kentucky 537,905	52 365,284 (67.9%)	65,055 (12.1%)	15,300 (2.8%)		9,127 (1.7%)	5,296 (1.0%)	5,859 (1.1%)	^[w]2^[w] 71,984 (13.4%)
June 23 (328)	274	New York 1,759,039	230 1,136,679 (64.6%)	^[x]44^[x] 285,908 (16.3%)	82,917 (4.7%)	39,433 (2.2%)	22,927 (1.3%)	11,028 (0.6%)	9,083 (0.5%)	171,064 (9.7%)
July 7 (147)	21	Delaware 91,682	21 81,954 (89.4%)	6,878 (7.5%)	2,850 (3.1%)
July 7 (147)	126	New Jersey 958,762	121 814,188 (84.9%)	^[y]5^[y] 140,412 (14.6%)						4,162 (0.4%)
July 11	54	Louisiana 267,286	54 212,555 (79.5%)	19,859 (7.4%)	6,426 (2.4%)	4,312 (1.6%)	2,363 (0.9%)	2,431 (0.9%)	1,962 (0.7%)	17,378 (6.5%)
July 12	51	Puerto Rico 7,022	44 3,930 (56.0%)	5 932 (13.3%)	101 (1.4%)	2 894 (12.7%)	158 (2.3%)	31 (0.4%)	194 (2.8%)	782 (11.1%)
August 11	60	Connecticut 264,416	60 224,500 (84.9%)	30,512 (11.5%)					3,429 (1.3%)	5,975 (2.3%)
Total 3,979 pledged delegates 36,922,938 votes			2,720 19,080,074 (51.68%)	^[z]1,114^[z] 9,680,121 (26.22%)	^[aa]61^[aa] 2,831,566 (7.67%)	^[ab]49^[ab] 2,552,320 (6.91%)	^[ac]24^[ac] 924,279 (2.50%)	7 540,055 (1.46%)	2 273,977 (0.74%)	2 1,040,546 (2.82%)

Election day postponements and cancellations

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, a number of presidential primaries were rescheduled. On April 27, New York canceled its primary altogether on the grounds that there was only one candidate left with an active campaign. Andrew Yang responded with a lawsuit, arguing that the decision infringes on voting rights,^[62] and in early May, the judge ruled in favor of Yang.^[63]

2020 Democratic primaries altered due to COVID-19.
Primary	Original schedule	Altered schedule	Vote in person?	Last changed	Ref.
Ohio	March 17	April 28^[ad]	Canceled	March 25	^[64]^[65]
Georgia	March 24	June 9	Held	April 9	^[66]^[67]
Puerto Rico	March 29	July 12	Held	May 21	^[68]^[69]^[70]
Alaska	April 4	April 10^[ae]	Canceled	March 23	^[71]
Wyoming	April 4	April 17^[af]	Canceled	March 22	^[72]
Hawaii	April 4	May 22^[ag]	Canceled	March 27	^[73]^[74]^[75]
Louisiana	April 4	July 11^[ah]	Held	April 14	^[76]^[77]
Maryland	April 28	June 2	Held	March 17	^[78]
Pennsylvania	April 28	June 2	Held	March 27	^[79]
Rhode Island	April 28	June 2	Held	March 23	^[80]
New York	April 28	June 23	Held	April 27	^[81]^[82]^[83]
Delaware	April 28	July 7	Held	May 7	^[84]^[85]
Connecticut	April 28	August 11	Held	April 17	^[86]
Kansas	May 2	May 2^[ai]	Canceled	March 30	^[87]
Guam	May 2	June 6	Held	June 4	^[88]
Indiana	May 5	June 2	Held	March 20	^[89]
West Virginia	May 12	June 9	Held	April 1	^[90]
Kentucky	May 19	June 23	Held	March 16	^[91]
New Jersey	June 2	July 7^[aj]	Held	April 8	^[92]

In addition, the DNC elected to delay the 2020 Democratic National Convention from July 13–16 to August 17–20.^[93]

Candidates

Major candidates in the 2020 Democratic presidential primaries had held significant elective office or received substantial media coverage.

Nearly 300 candidates who did not receive significant media coverage also filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for president in the primary.^[94]

Nominee

Candidate		Born	Most recent position	State	Campaign announced	Pledged delegates^[95]	Popular vote^[96]	Contests won	Article	Running mate	Ref.
Joe Biden		November 20, 1942 (age 77) Scranton, Pennsylvania	Vice President of the United States (2009–2017)	Delaware	April 25, 2019	2,695	19,080,074 (51.68%)	46 (AL, AK, AZ, AR, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, GU, HI, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NJ, NM, NY, NC, OH, OK, OR, PA, PR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, VI, WA, WV, WI, WY)	__________ Campaign FEC filing Secured nomination: June 5, 2020	Kamala Harris	^[97]

Withdrew during the primaries

Candidate	Born	Most recent position	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Delegates won^[95]	Popular vote^[96]	Contests won	Article	Ref.
Bernie Sanders	September 8, 1941 (age 78) Brooklyn, New York	U.S. senator from Vermont (2007–present)	Vermont	February 19, 2019	April 8, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)^[98]	1,073	9,679,213 (26.63%)	9 (CA, CO, DA, NV, NH, ND, MP, UT, VT)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[99]^[100]
Tulsi Gabbard	April 12, 1981 (age 39) Leloaloa, American Samoa	U.S. representative from HI-02 (2013–2021)	Hawaii	January 11, 2019	March 19, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[101]	2	273,940 (0.76%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[102]^[103]
Elizabeth Warren	June 22, 1949 (age 71) Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	U.S. senator from Massachusetts (2013–present)	Massachusetts	February 9, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 31, 2018	March 5, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)^[104]	63	2,780,873 (7.77%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[105]^[106]
Michael Bloomberg	February 14, 1942 (age 78) Boston, Massachusetts	Mayor of New York City, New York (2002–2013) CEO of Bloomberg L.P.	New York	November 24, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 21, 2019	March 4, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[107]	59	2,475,130 (6.92%)	1 (AS)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[108]^[109]
Amy Klobuchar	May 25, 1960 (age 60) Plymouth, Minnesota	U.S. senator from Minnesota (2007–present)	Minnesota	February 10, 2019	March 2, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[110]	7	524,400 (1.47%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[111]^[110]
Pete Buttigieg	January 19, 1982 (age 38) South Bend, Indiana	Mayor of South Bend, Indiana (2012–2020)	Indiana	April 14, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 23, 2019	March 1, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[112]	21	912,214 (2.55%)	1 (IA)	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[113]^[114]
Tom Steyer	June 27, 1957 (age 63) Manhattan, New York	Hedge fund manager Founder of Farallon Capital and Beneficial State Bank	California	July 9, 2019	February 29, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)^[115]	0	258,848 (0.72%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[116]^[117]
Deval Patrick	July 31, 1956 (age 64) Chicago, Illinois	Governor of Massachusetts (2007–2015)	Massachusetts	November 14, 2019	February 12, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[118]	0	27,116 (0.08%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[119]^[120]
Michael Bennet	November 28, 1964 (age 55) New Delhi, India	U.S. senator from Colorado (2009–present)	Colorado	May 2, 2019	February 11, 2020 (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)^[121]	0	62,260 (0.17%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[122]^[123]
Andrew Yang	January 13, 1975 (age 45) Schenectady, New York	Entrepreneur Founder of Venture for America	New York	November 6, 2017	February 11, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[124]	0	160,231 (0.45%)	0	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[125]^[126]

Other notable individuals who were not major candidates terminated their campaigns during the primaries:

Henry Hewes, real estate developer; Right to Life nominee for Mayor of New York City in 1989 and U.S. Senate from New York in 1994^[127]^[128]
Sam Sloan, chess player and publisher^[129] (Ran for Congress in NY-14)^[130]
Robby Wells, former college football coach; Independent candidate for president in 2016^[131]^[132]

Withdrew before the primaries

Candidate	Born	Experience	State	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Popular vote	Article	Ref.
John Delaney	April 16, 1963 (age 57) Wood-Ridge, New Jersey	U.S. representative from MD-06 (2013–2019)	Maryland	July 28, 2017	January 31, 2020 (endorsed Biden)^[133]	19,342	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[134]^[135]
Cory Booker	April 27, 1969 (age 51) Washington, D.C.	U.S. senator from New Jersey (2013–present) Mayor of Newark, New Jersey (2006–2013)	New Jersey	February 1, 2019	January 13, 2020 (ran successfully for reelection)^[136] (endorsed Biden)^[137]	31,575	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[138]^[139]
Marianne Williamson	July 8, 1952 (age 68) Houston, Texas	Author Founder of Project Angel Food Independent candidate for U.S. House from CA-33 in 2014	California	January 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: November 15, 2018	January 10, 2020 (endorsed Sanders, then Biden as nominee)^[140]^[141]	22,334	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[142]^[143]
Julián Castro	September 16, 1974 (age 45) San Antonio, Texas	Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (2014–2017) Mayor of San Antonio, Texas (2009–2014)	Texas	January 12, 2019 Exploratory committee: December 12, 2018	January 2, 2020 (endorsed Warren, then Biden as presumptive nominee)^[144]^[145]	37,037	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[146]^[147]
Kamala Harris	October 20, 1964 (age 55) Oakland, California	U.S. senator from California (2017–2021) Attorney General of California (2011–2017)	California	January 21, 2019	December 3, 2019 (endorsed Biden^[148] who later chose Harris as his vice presidential running-mate)	844	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[149]^[150]
Steve Bullock	April 11, 1966 (age 54) Missoula, Montana	Governor of Montana (2013–2021) Attorney General of Montana (2009–2013)	Montana	May 14, 2019	December 2, 2019 (ran for U.S. Senate; lost election, endorsed Biden as nominee)^[151]	549	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[152]^[153]
Joe Sestak	December 12, 1951 (age 68) Secane, Pennsylvania	U.S. representative from PA-07 (2007–2011) Former Vice Admiral of the United States Navy	Virginia	June 23, 2019	December 1, 2019 (endorsed Klobuchar, then Biden as nominee)^[154]^[155]	5,251	Campaign FEC filing	^[156]^[157]
Wayne Messam	June 7, 1974 (age 46) South Bay, Florida	Mayor of Miramar, Florida (2015–present)	Florida	March 28, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 13, 2019	November 19, 2019	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[158]^[159]
Beto O'Rourke	September 26, 1972 (age 47) El Paso, Texas	U.S. representative from TX-16 (2013–2019)	Texas	March 14, 2019	November 1, 2019 (endorsed Biden)^[160]	1^[ak]^[161]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[162]^[163]
Tim Ryan	July 16, 1973 (age 47) Niles, Ohio	U.S. representative from OH-13 (2013–2023) U.S. representative from OH-17 (2003–2013)	Ohio	April 4, 2019	October 24, 2019 (ran successfully for reelection)^[164] (endorsed Biden)^[165]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[166]^[167]
Bill de Blasio	May 8, 1961 (age 59) Manhattan, New York	Mayor of New York City, New York (2014–2021)	New York	May 16, 2019	September 20, 2019 (endorsed Sanders, then Biden as presumptive nominee)^[168]^[169]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[170]^[171]
Kirsten Gillibrand	December 9, 1966 (age 53) Albany, New York	U.S. senator from New York (2009–present) U.S. representative from NY-20 (2007–2009)	New York	March 17, 2019 Exploratory committee: January 15, 2019	August 28, 2019 (endorsed Biden)^[172]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[173]^[174]
Seth Moulton	October 24, 1978 (age 41) Salem, Massachusetts	U.S. representative from MA-06 (2015–present)	Massachusetts	April 22, 2019	August 23, 2019 (ran successfully for reelection)^[175] (endorsed Biden)^[176]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[177]^[178]
Jay Inslee	February 9, 1951 (age 69) Seattle, Washington	Governor of Washington (2013–present) U.S. representative from WA-01 (1999–2012) U.S. representative from WA-04 (1993–1995)	Washington	March 1, 2019	August 21, 2019 (ran successfully for reelection)^[179] (endorsed Biden as presumptive nominee)^[180]	1^[ak]^[181]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[182]^[183]
John Hickenlooper	February 7, 1952 (age 68) Narberth, Pennsylvania	Governor of Colorado (2011–2019) Mayor of Denver, Colorado (2003–2011)	Colorado	March 4, 2019	August 15, 2019 (ran successfully for U.S. Senate)^[184] (endorsed Bennet, then Biden as presumptive nominee)^[185]^[186]	1^[ak]^[181]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[187]^[188]
Mike Gravel	May 13, 1930 (aged 90) Springfield, Massachusetts	U.S. senator from Alaska (1969–1981) Candidate for president in 2008 Candidate for Vice President in 1972	California	April 2, 2019 Exploratory committee: March 19, 2019	August 6, 2019 (co-endorsed Gabbard and Sanders)^[189]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[190]^[189]
Eric Swalwell	November 16, 1980 (age 39) Sac City, Iowa	U.S. representative from CA-15 (2013–2023)	California	April 8, 2019	July 8, 2019^[191] (ran successfully for reelection) (endorsed Biden)^[192]^[193]	0^[ak]	__________ Campaign FEC filing	^[194]^[195]
Richard Ojeda	September 25, 1970 (age 49) Rochester, Minnesota	West Virginia state senator from WV-SD07 (2016–2019)	West Virginia	November 11, 2018	January 25, 2019 (ran for U.S. Senate; lost primary)^[196] (endorsed Biden)^[197]	0^[ak]	Campaign FEC filing	^[198]^[199]

Other notable individuals who were not major candidates terminated their campaigns before the primaries:

Ben Gleib, actor, comedian, satirist, and writer^[200]^[201]^[202]
Ami Horowitz, conservative activist and documentary filmmaker (endorsed Donald Trump)^[203]^[204]^[205]
Brian Moore, activist; Green nominee for U.S. Senate from Florida in 2006; Socialist and Liberty Union nominee for president in 2008^[128]
Ken Nwadike Jr., documentary filmmaker, motivational speaker, and peace activist^[206]^[207]^{[failed verification]}

Political positions

Debates and forums

In December 2018, the Democratic National Committee (DNC) announced the schedule for 12 official DNC-sanctioned debates, set to begin in June 2019, with six debates in 2019 and the remaining six during the first four months of 2020. Candidates were allowed to participate in forums featuring multiple other candidates as long as only one candidate appeared on stage at a time. Any presidential candidates who participated in unsanctioned debates with each other would have lost their invitations to the next DNC-sanctioned debate.^[208]^[209] No unsanctioned debates took place during the 2019—2020 debate season.

The DNC also announced that it would not partner with Fox News as a media sponsor for any debates.^[210]^[211] Fox News last held a Democratic debate in 2003.^[212] All media sponsors selected to host a debate were as a new rule required to appoint at least one female moderator for each debate, to ensure there would not be a gender-skewed treatment of the candidates and debate topics.^[213]

Debate schedule
Debate	Date	Time (ET)	Viewers	Location	Sponsor(s)	Moderator(s)
1A	June 26, 2019	9–11 p.m.	~24.3 million (15.3m live TV; 9m streaming)^[214]	Arsht Center, Miami, Florida^[215]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo	José Díaz-Balart Savannah Guthrie Lester Holt Rachel Maddow Chuck Todd^[216]
1B	June 27, 2019	9–11 p.m.	~27.1 million (18.1m live TV; 9m streaming)^[217]	Arsht Center, Miami, Florida^[215]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo
2A	July 30, 2019	8–10:30 p.m.	~11.5 million (8.7m live TV; 2.8m streaming)	Fox Theatre, Detroit, Michigan^[218]	CNN	Dana Bash Don Lemon Jake Tapper^[219]
2B	July 31, 2019^[220]	8–10:30 p.m.	~13.8 million (10.7m live TV; 3.1m streaming)^[221]	Fox Theatre, Detroit, Michigan^[218]	CNN	Dana Bash Don Lemon Jake Tapper^[219]
3	September 12, 2019	8–11 p.m.	14.04 million live TV^[222]	Health and Physical Education Arena, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas^[223]	ABC News Univision	Linsey Davis David Muir Jorge Ramos George Stephanopoulos^[224]
4	October 15, 2019^[225]	8–11 p.m.	~8.8 million (8.34m live TV; 0.45m streaming)^[226]	Rike Physical Education Center, Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio	CNN The New York Times^[227]	Erin Burnett Anderson Cooper Marc Lacey^[228]
5	November 20, 2019^[229]	9–11 p.m.	~7.9 million (6.6m live TV; 1.3m streaming)^[230]	Oprah Winfrey sound stage, Tyler Perry Studios, Atlanta, Georgia^[231]	MSNBC The Washington Post	Rachel Maddow Andrea Mitchell Ashley Parker Kristen Welker^[232]
6	December 19, 2019	8–11 p.m.^[233]	~14.6 million (6.17m live TV; 8.4m streaming)^[234]	Gersten Pavilion, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California^[235]	PBS Politico	Tim Alberta Yamiche Alcindor Amna Nawaz Judy Woodruff^[236]
7	January 14, 2020	9–11:15 p.m.^[237]	~11.3 million (7.3m live TV; 4.0m streaming)^[238]	Sheslow Auditorium, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa^[239]^[240]	CNN The Des Moines Register	Wolf Blitzer Brianne Pfannenstiel Abby Phillip^[241]
8	February 7, 2020	8–10:30 p.m.^[242]	~11.0 million (7.8m live TV; 3.2m streaming)^[243]	Thomas F. Sullivan Arena, Saint Anselm College, Manchester, New Hampshire^[239]^[244]	ABC News WMUR-TV Apple News	Linsey Davis Monica Hernandez David Muir Adam Sexton George Stephanopoulos^[242]
9	February 19, 2020	9–11 p.m.^[245]	~33.16 million (19.66m live TV; 13.5m streaming)^[246]^[247]^[248]	Le Théâtre des Arts, Paris Las Vegas, Paradise, Nevada^[245]	NBC News MSNBC Telemundo The Nevada Independent	Vanessa Hauc Lester Holt Hallie Jackson Jon Ralston Chuck Todd^[245]
10	February 25, 2020	8–10 p.m.^[249]	~30.4 million (15.3m live TV; 15.1m streaming)^[250]	Gaillard Center, Charleston, South Carolina^[239]	CBS News BET Twitter Congressional Black Caucus Institute^[251]	Margaret Brennan Major Garrett Gayle King Norah O'Donnell Bill Whitaker^[251]
11	March 15, 2020	8–10 p.m.^[252]	~11.4 million (10.8m live TV; 0.6m streaming)^[253]	CNN studio Washington, D.C.^[254]	CNN Univision Congressional Hispanic Caucus BOLD	Dana Bash Ilia Calderón Jake Tapper^[254]

Primary election polling

The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from January 2019 to August 2020.

Timeline

	Nominee
	Exploratory committee
	Suspended campaign
	Midterm elections
	Iowa caucuses
	New Hampshire primary
	South Carolina primary
	Super Tuesday
	National emergency declared due to COVID-19
	Wisconsin primary
	Democratic convention
	Won election

Ballot access

Filing for the primaries began in October 2019.^[255]^[256] indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot.

Primaries and caucuses
State/ Territory	Date	Biden	Other	Ref
IA^[al]	Feb 3	Ballot access not required		^[257]
NH	Feb 11		^[A]	^[128]^[258]
NV^[al]	Feb 22		^[B]	^[259]
SC	Feb 29		^[C]	^[260]
AL	Mar 3		^[D]	^[261]
AR	Mar 3		^[E]	^[262]
AS^[al]	Mar 3			^[263]
CA	Mar 3		^[F]	^[264]
CO	Mar 3		^[G]	^[265]
ME	Mar 3		^[H]	^[266]
MA	Mar 3		^[D]	^[267]
MN	Mar 3		^[D]	^[268]
NC	Mar 3		^[D]	^[269]
OK	Mar 3		^[I]	^[270]
TN	Mar 3		^[D]	^[271]^[272]
TX	Mar 3		^[J]	^[273]
UT	Mar 3		^[K]	^[274]
VT	Mar 3		^[L]	^[275]
VA	Mar 3		^[I]	^[276]
DA	Mar 3 – Mar 10			^[277]
ID	Mar 10		^[M]	^[278]
MI	Mar 10		^[N]	^[279]
MS	Mar 10			^[280]
MO	Mar 10		^[O]	^[281]
ND^[al]	Mar 10		^[B]	^[282]
WA	Mar 10		^[C]	^[283]
MP^[al]	Mar 14			^[284]
AZ	Mar 17		^[P]	^[58]
FL	Mar 17		^[N]	^[285]
IL	Mar 17		^[C]	^[286]
WI	Apr 7		^[B]	^[287]
AK	Apr 10			^[288]
WY^[al]	Apr 17			^[289]
OH	Apr 28			^[290]
KS	May 2			^[291]
NE	May 12			^[292]
OR	May 19			^[293]
HI	May 22			^[294]^[295]
DC	Jun 2			^[296]
IN	Jun 2			^[297]
MD	Jun 2		^[I]	^[298]
MT	Jun 2			^[299]
NM	Jun 2			^[300]
PA	Jun 2			^[301]
RI	Jun 2			^[302]
SD	Jun 2			^[303]
GU^[al]	Jun 6	Ballot access not required		^[304]
VI^[al]	Jun 6			^[305]
GA	Jun 9		^[B]	^[306]
WV	Jun 9		^[Q]	^[307]
KY	Jun 23			^[308]
NY	Jun 23			^[309]
DE	Jul 7			^[310]
NJ	Jul 7			^[311]
LA	Jul 11		^[R]	^[312]
PR	Jul 12			^[313]^[314]
CT	Aug 11			^[315]

Candidates listed in italics have suspended their campaigns.

^ Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Jason Dunlap, Michael A. Ellinger, Ben Gleib, Mark Greenstein, Kamala Harris, Henry Hewes, Tom Koos, Lorenz Kraus, Rita Krichevsky, Raymond Moroz, Joe Sestak, Sam Sloan, David Thistle, Thomas Torgeson, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d John Delaney
^ ^a ^b ^c Cory Booker and John Delaney
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Kamala Harris, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Mark Greenstein, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Roque De La Fuente III, Rita Krichevsky, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker and Marianne Williamson
^ ^a ^b ^c Cory Booker, Julián Castro, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
^ Nathan Bloxham, Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, and Marianne Williamson
^ Julián Castro, Mark Greenstein, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson
^ ^a ^b Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Bill Haas, Henry Hewes, Leonard J. Steinman II, Velma Steinman, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson
^ Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Henry Hewes, and Marianne Williamson
^ David Lee Rice
^ Steve Burke, John Delaney and Robby Wells

National convention

The 2020 Democratic National Convention was scheduled to take place in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on July 13–16, 2020,^[316]^[317]^[318] but was postponed and rescheduled to take place on August 17–20 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[319]

The event became a virtual "Convention Across America" with voting held online before the opening gavel, and the non-televised events held remotely over ZOOM.

Endorsements

Campaign finance

This is an overview of the money being raised and spent by each campaign for the entire period running from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2020, as it was reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Total raised is the sum of all individual contributions (large and small), loans from the candidate, and transfers from other campaign committees. The last column, Cash On Hand (COH), has been calculated by subtracting the "spent" amount from the "raised" amount, thereby showing the remaining cash each campaign had available for its future spending as of February 29, 2020.^[update] As of February 29, 2020, the major candidates have raised $989,234,992.08.

Candidate who has withdrawn

Campaign finances by candidate
Candidate	Total raised	Individual contributions			Debt	Spent	COH
Candidate	Total raised	Total	Unitemized	Pct	Debt	Spent	COH
Joe Biden^[320]	$134,790,836	$134,425,574	$53,187,451	39.57%	$0	$108,403,972	$26,386,865
Michael Bennet^[321]	$7,514,313	$6,795,438	$2,336,988	34.39%	$0	$7,343,017	$171,295
Michael Bloomberg^[322]	$1,062,963,445	$916,332	$847,932	92.54%	$14,789,537	$1,051,783,859	$11,179,585
Cory Booker^[323]	$26,022,021	$22,780,231	$7,706,938	33.83%	$848,391	$25,697,926	$324,095
Steve Bullock^[324]	$5,513,606	$5,489,635	$1,753,850	31.95%	$0	$5,426,704	$86,902
Pete Buttigieg^[325]	$102,739,747	$101,397,049	$43,744,949	43.14%	$2,726,793	$96,727,933	$6,011,814
Julian Castro^[326]	$10,302,020	$10,264,194	$6,620,621	64.50%	$0	$9,740,367	$561,654
Bill de Blasio^[327]	$1,423,279	$1,423,240	$142,001	9.98%	$100,351	$1,418,570	$4,709
John Delaney^[328]	$29,438,502	$2,582,672	$346,526	13.42%	$1,493,250	$29,418,380	$42,165
Tulsi Gabbard^[329]	$15,101,213	$12,423,632	$7,104,998	57.19%	$93,239	$14,461,004	$640,210
Kirsten Gillibrand^[330]	$15,951,202	$6,278,790	$1,979,345	31.52%	$0	$14,493,053	$1,458,149
Mike Gravel^[331]	$330,059	$330,059	$322,076	97.58%	$0	$249,480	$2,544
Kamala Harris^[332]	$41,077,632	$39,259,853	$15,720,913	40.04%	$1,070,014	$40,741,479	$336,153
John Hickenlooper^[333]	$3,509,495	$3,352,659	$562,301	16.77%	$0	$3,509,495	$0
Amy Klobuchar^[334]	$53,957,026	$49,878,773	$22,256,527	44.62%	$0	$51,675,390	$2,281,636
Jay Inslee^[335]	$6,942,575	$6,911,292	$3,455,790	50.00%	$0	$6,895,255	$47,319
Wayne Messam^[336]	$126,918	$124,318	$38,835	31.24%	$81,876	$126,918	$0
Seth Moulton^[337]	$2,292,043	$1,498,825	$342,499	22.85%	$216,528	$2,285,828	$6,214
Richard Ojeda^[338]	$119,478	$77,476	$48,742	62.91%	$44,373	$117,507	$1,971
Beto O'Rourke^[339]	$18,533,565	$18,448,678	$9,436,714	51.15%	$10,825	$18,251,127	$282,439
Deval Patrick^[340]	$3,105,910	$2,670,871	$271,909	10.18%	$250,000	$3,041,852	$64,058
Tim Ryan^[341]	$1,341,246	$1,285,074	$435,025	33.85%	$0	$1,340,943	$304
Bernie Sanders^[342]	$214,887,421	$201,327,757	$114,214,155	56.73%	$0	$204,090,570	$16,252,830
Joe Sestak^[343]	$449,345	$440,127	$107,003	24.31%	$0	$445,768	$3,577
Tom Steyer^[344]	$347,533,363	$3,719,361	$2,505,879	67.37%	$24,000	$347,268,261	$265,219
Eric Swalwell^[345]	$2,604,856	$892,373	$340,385	38.14%	$0	$2,604,856	$0
Elizabeth Warren^[346]	$128,442,944	$115,863,061	$66,516,352	57.41%	$1,295,996	$123,908,764	$4,534,180
Marianne Williamson^[347]	$8,218,677	$8,209,773	$4,698,946	57.24%	$238,180	$8,146,249	$72,428
Andrew Yang^[348]	$41,802,018	$41,141,162	$20,455,232	49.72%	$2,010	$41,286,953	$604,061

Maps

Map legend
	Joe Biden
	Bernie Sanders
	Elizabeth Warren
	Michael Bloomberg
	Pete Buttigieg
	Amy Klobuchar
	Tom Steyer
	Tie

Results by county according to first determining step relevant for delegate allocation. In Iowa, this is State Delegate Equivalents (SDEs) elected at precinct caucuses; in Nevada, this is County Convention Delegates (CCDs). In other states, this is the popular vote for each candidate.
Results by delegate district (usually congressional district) by first preference vote. Darker colors denote greater support for the leading candidate.

Notes

^ ^a ^b 2,376 of 4,749 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention.^[1] The number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention would participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,979 pledged delegates), was 770 in the end.^[2] The exact number of superdelegates had not been fully clear beforehand as it always was subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.^[1]
^ Although Sanders and Buttigieg both earned 9 delegates from New Hampshire, it is counted as a win for Sanders as he won the popular vote.
^ George McGovern was the first candidate back in 1972
^ Includes only the final caucus alignment, after voters supporting non-viable candidates in the first round were allowed to transfer their vote to a different candidate.
^ 8 (but not all) statewide delegates were reallocated towards Biden as the sole remaining candidate at the state convention on June 13, 3 from Sanders, 3 from Warren, and 2 from Buttigieg. Sanders and Buttigieg retained a part of their statewide delegates, and Iowa's allocation apparently did not follow any logical rule pattern.^[47]^[48]
^ Prior to reallocation at the state convention on June 13, Buttigieg had won the caucus with 14 initial delegates, which was the electoral but not final step of delegate selection.
^ Includes only the final caucus alignment, after voters supporting non-viable candidates in the first round were allowed to transfer their vote to a different candidate and ranked-choice early voting ballots were reallocated to candidates receiving at least 15%.
^ 2 statewide delegates initially awarded to Bloomberg were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on 30 May as the former withdrew.^[49]
^ Statewide delegates (theoretically 4) were directly left out of the calculation for Warren due to her withdrawal.^[50]
^ Statewide delegates (theoretically 5) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[51]
^ 2 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on May 30 as the former withdrew.^[52]
^ 8 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state committee meeting on May 16 as the former withdrew.^[53]
^ 5 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on May 31 as the former withdrew.^[54]
^ Statewide delegates (theoretically 5) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[55]
^ Statewide delegates (theoretically 2) were directly left out of the calculation for Warren due to her withdrawal.^[56]
^ Statewide delegates (theoretically 2) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[57]
^ Suspended campaign during the voting period.
^ Suspended campaign during the voting period and officially withdrew from the ballot on March 7.
^ ^a ^b While Bloomberg, Klobuchar and four other candidates had formally withdrawn and were not published in the final state canvass, those ballots were included by the state as part of overall cast ballots and any media covering the primary reported individual vote tallies for those candidates.^[58]^[59]^[60]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Includes only the final-round count of a ranked-choice ballot, in which the candidates receiving the fewest votes are progressively eliminated and their votes reallocated to voters' highest-ranked remaining choice, until only candidates receiving at least 15% remain.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Inactive votes from the final round, which had no choice for a viable candidate with 15% (Biden, Sanders) listed.
^ Does not include votes cast in the March 24 presidential preference primary before it was canceled.^[61]
^ Two delegates were awarded to Uncommitted.
^ According to the final results, Sanders would have mathematically received 45 delegates, but the results were not completed before the national convention.
^ According to the final results, Sanders would have mathematically received 9 delegates, but it seems that the results were not completed before the national convention.
^ Following an agreement between Sanders and Biden for party unity, Sanders was allowed to retain all of his statewide delegates (with the exception of 3 from Iowa, which would put his initial result at 1,117 delegates) despite national party rules demanding the reallocation of statewide delegates from withdrawn candidates to the remaining candidates.
^ Warren initially won 79 delegates, but 18 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.
^ Bloomberg initially won 51 delegates, but 2 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.
^ Buttigieg initially won 26 delegates, but 2 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.
^ First rescheduled to June 2, then shifted back to April 28 with in-person voting canceled; mail-in ballots must be received by 7:30 p.m. on April 28, 2020 to be counted.
^ Mail-in ballots must be received by April 10 to be counted.
^ Mail-in ballots must be received by April 17 to be counted.
^ Mail-in ballots must be received by May 22; results to be announced on May 23.
^ The original rescheduled date was on June 20 before being delayed for the second time.
^ Mail-in ballots must be received by May 2.
^ Mail-in ballots must be received by July 14 to be counted.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Candidate did not appear on any ballots.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Caucus

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[296] Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Jason Dunlap, Michael A. Ellinger, Ben Gleib, Mark Greenstein, Kamala Harris, Henry Hewes, Tom Koos, Lorenz Kraus, Rita Krichevsky, Raymond Moroz, Joe Sestak, Sam Sloan, David Thistle, Thomas Torgeson, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[delaney-298] John Delaney

[booker-delaney-300] Cory Booker and John Delaney

[booker-castro-delaney-williamson-302] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson

[304] Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Steve Bullock, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Kamala Harris, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[307] Cory Booker, Mosie Boyd, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Mark Greenstein, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[309] Cory Booker, Roque De La Fuente III, Rita Krichevsky, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[booker-williamson-311] Cory Booker and Marianne Williamson

[booker-castro-williamson-316] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, and Marianne Williamson

[320] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[322] Nathan Bloxham, Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, and Marianne Williamson

[324] Julián Castro, Mark Greenstein, and Marianne Williamson

[328] Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, and Marianne Williamson

[booker-castro-delaney-sestak-williamson-330] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, John Delaney, Joe Sestak, and Marianne Williamson

[333] Cory Booker, Steve Burke, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Bill Haas, Henry Hewes, Leonard J. Steinman II, Velma Steinman, Robby Wells, and Marianne Williamson

[338] Cory Booker, Julián Castro, Roque De La Fuente III, John Delaney, Michael A. Ellinger, Henry Hewes, and Marianne Williamson

[361] David Lee Rice

[367] Steve Burke, John Delaney and Robby Wells

[unpledged_delegate_number-3] 2,376 of 4,749 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention.^[1] The number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention would participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,979 pledged delegates), was 770 in the end.^[2] The exact number of superdelegates had not been fully clear beforehand as it always was subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate.^[1]

[4] Although Sanders and Buttigieg both earned 9 delegates from New Hampshire, it is counted as a win for Sanders as he won the popular vote.

[17] George McGovern was the first candidate back in 1972

[Iowa-50] Includes only the final caucus alignment, after voters supporting non-viable candidates in the first round were allowed to transfer their vote to a different candidate.

[Iowa1-53] 8 (but not all) statewide delegates were reallocated towards Biden as the sole remaining candidate at the state convention on June 13, 3 from Sanders, 3 from Warren, and 2 from Buttigieg. Sanders and Buttigieg retained a part of their statewide delegates, and Iowa's allocation apparently did not follow any logical rule pattern.^[47]^[48]

[Iowa2-54] Prior to reallocation at the state convention on June 13, Buttigieg had won the caucus with 14 initial delegates, which was the electoral but not final step of delegate selection.

[Nevada-55] Includes only the final caucus alignment, after voters supporting non-viable candidates in the first round were allowed to transfer their vote to a different candidate and ranked-choice early voting ballots were reallocated to candidates receiving at least 15%.

[Arkansas-57] 2 statewide delegates initially awarded to Bloomberg were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on 30 May as the former withdrew.^[49]

[Colorado1-59] Statewide delegates (theoretically 4) were directly left out of the calculation for Warren due to her withdrawal.^[50]

[Colorado2-61] Statewide delegates (theoretically 5) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[51]

[Maine-63] 2 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on May 30 as the former withdrew.^[52]

[Massachusetts-65] 8 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state committee meeting on May 16 as the former withdrew.^[53]

[Minnesota-67] 5 statewide delegates initially awarded to Warren were reallocated to Biden at the state convention on May 31 as the former withdrew.^[54]

[Tennessee1-69] Statewide delegates (theoretically 5) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[55]

[Utah1-71] Statewide delegates (theoretically 2) were directly left out of the calculation for Warren due to her withdrawal.^[56]

[Utah2-73] Statewide delegates (theoretically 2) were directly left out of the calculation for Bloomberg due to his withdrawal.^[57]

[74] Suspended campaign during the voting period.

[75] Suspended campaign during the voting period and officially withdrew from the ballot on March 7.

[Arizona-79] While Bloomberg, Klobuchar and four other candidates had formally withdrawn and were not published in the final state canvass, those ballots were included by the state as part of overall cast ballots and any media covering the primary reported individual vote tallies for those candidates.^[58]^[59]^[60]

[ranked-80] Includes only the final-round count of a ranked-choice ballot, in which the candidates receiving the fewest votes are progressively eliminated and their votes reallocated to voters' highest-ranked remaining choice, until only candidates receiving at least 15% remain.

[inactive-81] Inactive votes from the final round, which had no choice for a viable candidate with 15% (Biden, Sanders) listed.

[Georgia-83] Does not include votes cast in the March 24 presidential preference primary before it was canceled.^[61]

[uncommitted-84] Two delegates were awarded to Uncommitted.

[85] According to the final results, Sanders would have mathematically received 45 delegates, but the results were not completed before the national convention.

[86] According to the final results, Sanders would have mathematically received 9 delegates, but it seems that the results were not completed before the national convention.

[87] Following an agreement between Sanders and Biden for party unity, Sanders was allowed to retain all of his statewide delegates (with the exception of 3 from Iowa, which would put his initial result at 1,117 delegates) despite national party rules demanding the reallocation of statewide delegates from withdrawn candidates to the remaining candidates.

[88] Warren initially won 79 delegates, but 18 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.

[89] Bloomberg initially won 51 delegates, but 2 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.

[90] Buttigieg initially won 26 delegates, but 2 statewide delegates were allocated to Biden as the sole remaining candidate.

[93] First rescheduled to June 2, then shifted back to April 28 with in-person voting canceled; mail-in ballots must be received by 7:30 p.m. on April 28, 2020 to be counted.

[101] Mail-in ballots must be received by April 10 to be counted.

[103] Mail-in ballots must be received by April 17 to be counted.

[105] Mail-in ballots must be received by May 22; results to be announced on May 23.

[109] The original rescheduled date was on June 20 before being delayed for the second time.

[121] Mail-in ballots must be received by May 2.

[127] Mail-in ballots must be received by July 14 to be counted.

[:4-194] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Candidate did not appear on any ballots.

[caucus-294] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Caucus

[delegates-1] Stevens, Matt (February 22, 2020). "How to Win the Democratic Nomination, and Why It Could Get Complicated". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2020.

[2] "Democratic Convention – Nationwide Popular Vote". The Green Papers. Retrieved September 11, 2020.

[5] Bump, Philip (October 10, 2019). "Warren just took the lead in a key polling average. History is vague on what happens next". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 22, 2020.

[6] Nilsen, Ella (February 22, 2020). "Bernie Sanders just won the Nevada caucuses". Vox. Retrieved February 23, 2020.

[7] Frostenson, Sarah (February 23, 2020). "Bernie Sanders is the Frontrunner". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved October 22, 2020.

[8] Korecki, Natasha; Siders, David (February 23, 2020). "Sanders sends Democratic establishment into panic mode". Politico. Retrieved October 22, 2020.

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