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ANKRD24

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ANKRD24
Identifiers
AliasesANKRD24, ankyrin repeat domain 24
External IDsMGI: 1890394; HomoloGene: 49885; GeneCards: ANKRD24; OMA:ANKRD24 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

170961

70615

Ensembl

ENSG00000089847

ENSMUSG00000054708

UniProt

Q8TF21

Q80VM7

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_027480
NM_001374016

RefSeq (protein)

NP_597732

NP_081756
NP_001360945

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 4.18 – 4.22 MbChr 10: 81.46 – 81.48 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
Predicted tertiary structure of ANKRD24 using I-TASSER[5]

Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 is a protein in humans that is coded for by the ANKRD24 gene.[6] The gene is also known as KIAA1981[7]. The protein's function in humans is currently unknown. ANKRD24 is in the protein family that contains ankyrin-repeat domains.

Gene

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Locus

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Cytochromatic location of ANKRD24 gene[8]
ANKRD24 gene neighborhood[9]

The gene is located on chromosome 19 at p13.3 on the forward strand.[10][11] The gene is 4041 base pairs in length and contains 29 exons.[9][12] The gene is neighbored by the gene SIRT6 that encodes for the Sirtuin-6 protein and the EBI3 gene that encodes for the Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 protein.[13]

Expression

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The expression pattern of ANKRD24 is uncharacterized. Under conditions of cell growth and proliferation, the expression levels increase. In germ line tumors, glioma, and prostate cancer, the expression is elevated relative to other disease states. During development, the expression level is elevated in the blastocyst stage. In adults, there are elevated levels of expression in the placenta, stomach, kidneys, and eye relative to other tissues.[14] However, the results of experimental gene expression profiles are inconsistent relative to ANKRD24 expression, suggesting redundancy of the gene and its protein product.

mRNA

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Alternative expression

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13 transcription splice variants of ANKRD24 mRNA have been predicted.[15]

Protein

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General features

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The ANKRD24 protein is 1146 amino acids in length, has a molecular weight of 124kDa, and has an isoelectric point of 4.98.[16] The secondary structure is predicted to consist of all alpha helices and to not contain any beta strands.[17] The tertiary structure of the protein is predicted to be a helical twist.[5]

Composition

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ANKRD24 has a relatively high composition of alanine (15.0%), glutamic acid (13.5%), and leucine (11.0%) and a relatively low composition of cysteine (1.5%), phenylalanine (0.7%), tryptophan (0.2%), and tyrosine (0.8%). The protein contains positive run clusters that could be nuclear localization signals. The protein does not have any significant negative charge clusters and no significant charge patterns.[18]

Subcellular localization

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The ANKRD24 protein is predicted to localize in the nucleus of cells.[19]

Domains

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ANKRD24 is in the protein family that contains ankyrin-repeat domains. Ankyrin repeats are known for mediating protein-protein interactions.[20] The protein also contains two coiled-coil regions.[21]

Post-translational modification

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ANKRD24 is predicted to undergo C-mannosylation.[22]

Interacting proteins

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ANKRD24 is predicted to interact with disks large homolog 4 (DLG4), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), unc-119 homolog A (UNC119), replication timing regulatory factor 1 (RIF1), protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 (PACSIN1), nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit (NFKB1), cholest-5-ene-3β,7α-diol 3β-dehydrogenase (HSD3B7), lethal giant larvae homolog 2 (L2GL2), and glucocorticoid induced 1 (GLC)CI1.[23][24][25][26] No characterization of these interactions has yet to be observed.[27]

Homology

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ANKRD24 unrooted phylogenetic tree[28]

ANKRD24 has no human paralogs. Orthologous proteins are found in other organisms. The following table represents some of the orthologs found using searches in BLAST[29] and BLAT.[30] However, this list is not exhaustive for the orthologs of ANKRD24 and is only meant to display the wide diversity of species for which orthologs of ANKRD24 can be found.

Genus species Common Name Date of Divergence (MYA)[31] Accession # (Nucleotide) Accession # (Protein) Sequence Length (bp) Sequence Length (aa) E value Sequence Identity (%) Sequence Similarity (%)
1 Homo sapiens Humans 0 NM_133475.1 NP_597732.1 4041 1146 100 100
2 Nomascus leucogenys Northern white-cheeked gibbon 19.9 XM_012503370.1 XP_012358824.1 3675 1165 0 95 96
3 Otolemur garnettii Small-eared galago 75.9 XM_012804592.1 XP_012660046.1 4181 1035 0 83 87
4 Trichechus manatus latirostris Florida Manatee 105 XM_004378459.1 ] 3354 1117 0 81 86
5 Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat 97.5 XM_008150610.1 XP_008148832.1 3369 1122 0 80 84
6 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant panda 97.5 XM_002928471.2 XP_002928517.1 3729 1116 0 80 84
7 Loxodonta africana African savanna elephant 105 XM_003421925.2 XP_003421973.1 4049 1345 0 79 85
8 Octodon degus Degu 90.9 XM_004632746.1 XP_004632803.1 3381 1126 0 79 84
9 Chrysochloris asiatica Cape golden mole 105 XM_006869037.1 XP_006869099.1 3747 1248 0 78 85
10 Orcinus orca Killer Whale 97.5 XM_004277648.2 XP_004277696.1 3482 1079 0 77 82
11 Chelonia mydas Green sea turle 320.5 XM_007072230.1 XP_007072292 3051 1016 9.00E-178 63 77
12 Ficedula albicollis Collared flycatcher 320.5 XM_005060250.1 XP_005060307 1885 621 2.00E-171 60 74
13 Gekko Japonicus Japanese gecko 320.5 XM_015410656.1 XP_015266142 3057 1019 3.00E-175 58 75
14 Python bivittatus Burmese python 320.5 XM_007434390 XP_007434452 3192 1063 1.00E-167 58 75
15 Falco cherrug Saker falcon 320.5 XM_014277718.1 XP_014133193 1431 476 0 57 71
16 Stegastes partitus Bicolor damselfish 429.6 XM_008295305.1 XP_008293527.1 3629 1095 2.00E-90 41 55
17 Trichomonas vaginalis G3 Trichomonas vaginalis 2040 XM_001329224.1 XP_001329259 774 257 2.00E-24 34 54
18 Ciona intestinalis Vase tunicate 733 XM_009863371.1 XP_009861673 3156 956 9.00E-24 32 48
19 Talaromyces stipitatus Fungi 1302.5 XM_002486774.1 XP_002486819.1 3216 1071 3.00E-18 32 51
20 Cryptococcus neoformans Yeast 1302.5 XM_012197089.1 XP_012052479.1 943 236 3.00E-16 32 51

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000089847 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054708 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "I-TASSER server for protein structure and function prediction". zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  6. ^ "ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  7. ^ "ANKRD24 - Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 - Homo sapiens (Human) - ANKRD24 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  8. ^ "Gene Card entry for ANKRD24". Gene Card. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  9. ^ a b "ANKRD24 ankyrin repeat domain 24 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  10. ^ "Gene Card Entry on ANKRD24". www.genecards.org. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  11. ^ "Gene: ANKRD24 (ENSG00000089847) - Summary - Homo sapiens - Ensembl genome browser 84". useast.ensembl.org. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  12. ^ "Homo sapiens ankyrin repeat domain 24 (ANKRD24), mRNA - Nucleotide - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
  13. ^ "ANKRD24 ankyrin repeat domain 24 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  14. ^ "EST Profile - Hs.197872". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  15. ^ "ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  16. ^ "SDSC Biology Workbench". workbench.sdsc.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  17. ^ "Phyre 2 Results for My_protein". www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-27.[permanent dead link‍]
  18. ^ "SAPS submission on ANKRD24". Biology WorkBench.
  19. ^ "Gene Card Entry on ANKRD24". www.genecards.org. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  20. ^ Mosavi LK, Cammett TJ, Desrosiers DC, Peng ZY (June 2004). "The ankyrin repeat as molecular architecture for protein recognition". Protein Science. 13 (6): 1435–48. doi:10.1110/ps.03554604. PMC 2279977. PMID 15152081.
  21. ^ "ANKRD24 - Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 24 - Homo sapiens (Human) - ANKRD24 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  22. ^ "NetCGlyc 1.0 Server". www.cbs.dtu.dk. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  23. ^ "8 binary interactions found for search term ANKRD24". IntAct Molecular Interaction Database. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
  24. ^ al., David Lynn et. "InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response". www.innatedb.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  25. ^ "mentha: the interactome browser". mentha.uniroma2.it. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  26. ^ "mint database". mint.bio.uniroma2.it. Archived from the original on 2006-05-06. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  27. ^ "STRING: functional protein association networks". string-db.org. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  28. ^ "DRAWTREE". Biology WorkBench.
  29. ^ "BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool". blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  30. ^ "UCSC Genome Bioinformatics: FAQ". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  31. ^ Hedges SB, Marin J, Suleski M, Paymer M, Kumar S (April 2015). "Tree of life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (4): 835–45. arXiv:1412.4312. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv037. PMC 4379413. PMID 25739733.
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