Cannabis in Latvia
Cannabis in Latvia is illegal for recreational and medical purposes, but production of industrial hemp is permitted.[1]
Possession of quantities up to 1 gram are fined up to 280 euro, for second offences within a year period criminal charges are applied. Possession of larger quantities can be punished with up to 15 years imprisonment.
History
[edit]1918-1940
[edit]During the first period of Latvian independence, use of cannabis was not prohibited and not widespread, although during that period use of other drugs such as cocaine and morphine were also not prohibited, with sale of those drugs restricted to pharmacies.[2]
Latvia participated in the International Opium Convention of 6 February 1922, which dealt with limiting the international trade of opium and cocaine products.[3]
On 19 February 1925, the Convention added restriction on cannabis extracts and tinctures, but not on herbal cannabis.[4] This version of the Convention entered into force on 25 September 1928.[5][6]
On 26 June 1936, they[who?] set up the first international treaty providing for the criminalization of opium, coca, and cannabis products in non-medical and non-scientific production and distribution (Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs). It was signed by only a few countries; Latvia and Lithuania did not sign, Estonia signed it but not ratified.[7]
Soviet Union
[edit]Throughout the territory of the USSR there was a law that penalized marijuana smuggling and trade with 1–3 years in prison or forced labor, but without penalties for possession or use.[8][9]
Cannabis was banned in the USSR in 1974 with the law On combating policy in the fight against drug addiction. This law also harshened penalties for drug trafficking.Since then, the territory of the USSR the term "narcotics" began to be applied to all prohibited substances, not only opiates.[10]
1990–Present
[edit]After the collapse of the USSR the number of people who have used cannabis products was very low (below 2%). In the 1990s marijuana's popularity grew rapidly and reached Western levels, nowadays it continues to grow slightly. Since independence, not only marijuana trafficking and production, but also the possession has been criminalized. It is governed by the 1961 30 March United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which Latvia signed on 11 May 1993.[11]
Prevalence of use
[edit]In Latvia, cannabis products (marijuana and hashish) is the most commonly used illicit substance. Since 2007, studies show marijuana Latvian 15-64 year age group among experienced in 12.1% of the population, which had increased in comparison with the 2003 study, when cannabis products in the number of users was 10.6%.[12] In the age group 15–34 years rates were much higher, and in 2007 the population of this age tried cannabis products was 21.7%.[12]
Riga City Councils Welfare Department in turn has made repeated studies still the youngest age group (9th and 10th grade students in the middle). In this age group, while in 2010, cannabis products were 22.7% of students have tried to turn the use of a slight increase between 2008 and 2006, when tried cannabis products were 22% and 18%.[13]
According to Center for Disease Prevention and Control Center data in late 2010 addiction records of hemp products addiction treated 72 people.[14] Compared with other psychotropic substances, although it is quite a bit like with alcohol addiction in late 2010 addiction inventory totaled 24,998 people (alcohol users Although there are eight times higher).[14]
Legal status
[edit]Latvian marijuana production, distribution and use is also against the law. Marijuana or cannabis is included in the Ministry of Welfare under the control of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors in List I - Prohibited especially dangerous narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances treated as such ).[15] The marijuana use or storage of up to 1 gram can order the administrative penalty to 280 euros or a warning.[16] In addition, be issued a written warning of criminal liability, if the violation will be repeated during the year. For storage of larger amounts of marijuana, growing and distribution can be sentenced to prison, in some cases up to 15 years.[17] In practice, people with no previous convictions receive a milder punishment - a conditional sentence. Latvian marijuana medical marijuana is not used because of the location in the drug list.
Decriminalization initiative
[edit]In 2012 the public initiative platform ManaBalss.lv collected signatures for the 'marijuana decriminalization", to remove criminal penalties for cultivation and possession of small amounts of cannabis by those over 18. Under the proposed regulations, Latvians would be permitted to grow not more than two or three cannabis plants, and keep 20-30 grams of cannabis at home, and publicly carry no more than 5 grams.[18]
On 24 March 2015 the cannabis decriminalization petition on ManaBalss.lv collected 10,005 signatures of citizens, which meant that the initiative may be submitted to Latvian Parliament.[19] On May 18, the new initiative representative Donats Blaževičs published 100 arguments for marijuana decriminalization initiative to support the site 100argumenti.lv.[20]
Parliament declined this initiative on September 3.[21]
References
[edit]- ^ "Par Krimināllikuma spēkā stāšanās un piemērošanas kārtību" (in Latvian). likumi.lv. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ "Frut - Ziņas > Veselība - Kokaīnisms — modernā sērga starpkaru Latvijā". Archived from the original on 2016-03-12. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ "UNTC". Archived from the original on 2010-12-27. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ Albania - International Convention, Adopted by the Second Opium Conference (League of Nations), and Protocol relating thereto. Signed at Geneva, February 19, 1925 [1928] L...
- ^ League of Nations Treaty Series , vol. 81, pp. 318-358.
- ^ "FindArticles.com | CBSi". Archived from the original on 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ UNTC[permanent dead link]. Treaties.UN.org
- ^ "Criminal Code of the RSFSR (1934), Table of Contents". Cyberussr.com. 1934-10-01. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ Конституция СССР 1924 г
- ^ "Drug Policy in the USSR". Drugtext.org. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ Par pievienošanos 1961. gada 30. marta Vienotajai konvencijai par narkotiskajām vielām un grozījumiem, kas izdarīti saskaņā ar 1972. gada Protokolu par grozījumiem 1961. gada ...
- ^ a b Latvia country overview | www.emcdda.europa.eu
- ^ "Psihiskie un uzvedības traucējumi psihoaktīvo vielu lietošanas dēļ (Risk and protective factors on the use of drugs among young people)" (PDF). Riga City Council Welfare Department. 13 January 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-03-11. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "The Criminal Code entered into force and application of". Likumi.lv. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
- ^ doc.php? id = 89648 Latvian Administrative violations Code likumi.lv. Updated: 25 August 2011.
- ^ "Krimināllikums". Archived from the original on 2011-10-26. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ "MARIHUĀNAS DEKRIMINALIZĀCIJA | ManaBalss.lv - līdzdalības platforma". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ Atbalsts marihuānas dekriminalizācijai pārsniedz 'slieksni'; jālemj Saeimai - DELFI
- ^ Marihuānas dekriminalizācijas iniciators publicē 100 argumentus idejas atbalstam - DELFI
- ^ Par 10 117 Latvijas pilsoņu iesniegtās kolektīvās iniciatīvas "Marihuānas dekriminalizācija" noraidīšanu, likumi.lv. Atjaunināts: 8 November 2016.
