Castilletes Formation

Castilletes Formation
Castilletes Formation
Stratigraphic range: Burdigalian-Langhian (Colloncuran-Friasian); ~16.7–14.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Cocinetas Basin
Underlies	Ware Formation
Overlies	Jimol Formation
Thickness	up to 440 m (1,440 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone, siltstone
Other	Sandstone
Location
Coordinates	11°56′48.48″N 71°19′56″W / 11.9468000°N 71.33222°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	11°12′N 68°36′W / 11.2°N 68.6°W
Region	La Guajira; Caribbean region
Country	Colombia
Type section
Named for	Castilletes
Named by	Rollins
Location	Uribia
Year defined	1965
Coordinates	11°56′48.48″N 71°19′56″W / 11.9468000°N 71.33222°W
Region	La Guajira
Country	Colombia
	; Type locality of the formation in La Guajira

The Castilletes Formation (Spanish: Formación Castilletes, N1c) is a fossiliferous geological formation of the Cocinetas Basin in the northernmost department of La Guajira, Colombia. The formation consists of fossiliferous mudstones, siltstones and medium-grained to conglomeratic fossiliferous lithic to quartzitic sandstones. The Castilletes Formation dates to the Neogene period; Burdigalian to Langhian stages, Colloncuran and Friasian in the SALMA classification, and has a maximum thickness of 440 metres (1,440 ft).

Etymology

The formation was defined by Rollins in 1965 and named after the village of Castilletes.^[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Castilletes Formation consists of fossiliferous mudstones, siltstones and medium-grained to conglomeratic fossiliferous lithic to quartzitic sandstones.^[2]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Castilletes Formation overlies the Jimol Formation and is overlain by the Ware Formation. The age has been estimated to be Middle Miocene (16.7 to 14.2 Ma), Colloncuran and Friasian in the SALMA classification. The invertebrate fauna of the Castilletes Formation is highly similar not only to that of the underlying Jimol Formation, but also to the Cantaure Formation of Venezuela.^[3] The Castilletes Formation was deposited in a shallow marine (estuarine, lagoonal, and shallow subtidal) to fluvio-deltaic environment with strong fluvial influence.^[4] The Castilletes Formation correlates with the upper Cerro Pelado and Querales Formations of the Venezuelan Falcón Basin. This unit is also correlative with the Cantaure Formation of the Paraguaná Peninsula in Venezuela.^[5]

Fossil content

Group	Fossils	Notes
Mammals	Hilarcotherium miyou, Lycopsis padillai, Neodolodus cf. colombianus, ?Hyperleptus sp., Astrapotheriidae, Odontoceti, Mysticeti, Glyptodontidae, Pampatheriidae, Macraucheniidae, Proterotheriidae, Leontinidae, Toxodontidae, Interatheriidae, Megatheriidae, Dinomyidae, Sirenia, Sparassodonta	^[6]^[7] ^[8]^[9]
Crocodiles	Gavialoidea gen. et sp. indet.	^[10]
	Alligatoridae gen. et sp. indet.	^[11]
	cf. Purussaurus sp.	^[12]
	cf. Mourasuchus sp.	^[13]
	Crocodylidae gen et sp. indet.	^[14]
	cf. Crocodylus sp.	^[15]
	Eusuchia incertae sedis	^[16]
	cf. Eusuchia gen et sp. indet.	^[17]
Turtles	Podocnemididae incertae sedis	^[18]
	Chelus colombiana	^[19]
	Chelus sp.	^[19]
	Chelonoidis sp.	^[20]
Snakes	Boidae	^[9]
Birds	Aves indet.	^[9]
Fishes	Megalodon, Characidae, Serrasalmidae, Sciaenidae, Sparidae, Sphyraenidae, Ariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae, Pimelodidae, Carcharhinidae, Hemigaleidae, Sphyrnidae, Lamnidae, Otodontidae, Dasyatidae, Myliobatidae, Rhinopteridae, Ginglymostomatidae, Pristiophoridae, Pristidae, Rhynchobatidae, Rhynobatidae, Lepidosirenidae	^[9]^[21]
Invertebrates	Calliostoma sp., Arene sp., Nerita cf. fulgurans, Neritina n. sp. aff. woodwadi, Modulus tamanensis, Turritella (Bactrospira) sp. cf. altilira, Turritella (Turritella) cocoditana, Turritella (Turritella) machapoorensis, Turritella (Turritella) matarucana, Architectonica (Architectonica) nobilis, Bittium sp., Rhinoclavis (Ochetoclava) venada, Potamides suprasulcatus, Terebralia dentilabris, Petaloconchus sculpturatus, Bostrycapulus sp., Crepidula cantaurana, Crepidula insculpta, Crepidula plana, Calyptraea sp. cf. centralis, Crucibulum (Dispotaea) sp. cf. springvaleense, Aylacostoma n. sp., Doryssa n. sp., Sheppardiconcha n. sp., Charadreon n. sp., Natica sp., Naticarius sp., Glossaulax paraguanensis, Polinices sp. cf. nelsoni, Sinum gabbi, Stigmaulax sp., Strombus sp., Malea sp., Bursa rugosa, Ficus sp. cf. carbasea, Distorsio sp., Chicoreus (Triplex) sp. cf. cornurectus, Chicoreus (Triplex) corrigendum, Luria sp., Muracypraea sp. cf. hyaena, Calotrophon sp. cf. gatunensis, Cymia cocoditana, Eupleura kugleri, Hesperisternia sp., Phyllonotus n. sp., Siphonochelus (Laevityphis) cf. sawkinsi, Siratus cf. denegatus, Vokesimurex sp. cf. gilli, Antillophos sp. cf. gatunensis, Cymatophos cocoditana, Cymatophos paraguanensis, Gordanops sp. cf. baranoanus, Pallacera maracaibensis, Solenosteira sp., Granolaria sp. cf. gorgasiana, Latirus sp., Nassarius sp., Turbinella falconensis, Melongena consors, Anachis sp., Sincola sp., Strombina sp., Persicula venezuelana, Prunum quirosense, Agaronia sp. aff. testacea, Oliva sp., Aphera sp., Bivetiella sp. cf. gabbiana, Euclia sp. cf. dinota, Euclia werenfelsi, Narona sp., Trigonostoma woodringi, Conus sp. aff. jaspideus, Agladrillia sp., Crassispira conica, Fusiturricula sp., Gemmula vaningeni, Glyphostoma dentiferum, Paraborsonia cantaurana, "Chiton" sp., Saccella gnomon, Noetia dauleana, Bulla sp., Crenella sp., Brachidontes sp., Atrina sp., Argopecten sp., Anadara (Rasia) democraciana, Anadara (Rasia) tirantensis, Conus sp. cf. chipolanus, Conus sp. cf. molis, Conus talis, Strioterebrum ulloa, Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera, Clathrodrillia sp., Cruziturricula sp., Hindsiclava henekeni, Knefastia sp., Polystira sp., Adrana sp., Politoleda forcati, Anadara (Cunearca) zuliana, Anadara (Grandiarca) chiriquiensis, Anadara (Potiarca) inutilis, Anadara (Rasia) sp. cf. cornellana, Anadara (Tosarca) sp. cf. veatchi, Tucetona sp. cf. democraciana, Mytilus sp. cf. canoasensis, Anomia peruviana, Cavilinga sp., Lucinisca mirandana, Diplodonta sp., Harvella elegans, Mulinia sp., Raeta sp., Angulus sp., ?Macoma sp., Strigilla sp., Leopecten sp., Lindapecten buchivacoanus, Crassostrea sp., Dendostrea democraciana, Plicatula sp., Anodontia sp., Lucina sp. cf. pensylvanica, Phacoides sp. cf. pectinatus, Glyptoactis paraguanensis, Arcinella yaquensis, Chama berjadinensis, Dallocardia sp. cf. sanctidavidis, Apiocardia n. sp. aff. aminensis, Crassinella sp., Eucrassatella (Hybolophus) venezuelana, Micromactra maracaibensis, Eurytellina paraguanensis, Psammacoma falconensis, Psammotreta hadra, Donax sp., Tagelus (Mesopleura) n. sp. aff. divisus, Solecurtus sp., Solena sp., Abra sp., Agriopoma (Pitarella) paraguanensis, Hysteroconcha sp., Leukoma sp., Pitar sp., Transennella sp., Tenuicorbula n. sp. aff. lupina, Semele sp., Chione sp., Chionopsis paraguanensis, Clementia dariena, Cyclinella venezuelana, Dosinia sp., Lamelliconcha labreana, Lirophora quirosensis, Macrocallista n. sp. aff. maculata, Panchione n. sp. aff. macrtropsis, Caryocorbula fortis, Caryocorbula quirosana, Hexacorbula cruziana, Dentalium sp., Balanidae indet., Buccinidae indet., Callianassidae indet., Pectinidae indet., Portunidae indet., Ranellidae indet., Sphaeriidae indet., Sportellidae indet., Tellinidae indet., Turridae indet., Unioidae indet., Veneridae indet.	^[22]^[23] ^[24]^[25]

References

^ Moreno et al., 2015, p.27
^ Moreno et al., 2015, pp.27-32
^ Moreno et al., 2015, p.31
^ Rodríguez & Londoño, 2002, p.138
^ Moreno et al., 2015, p.32
^ Carillo, 2018, p.142
^ Suárez et al., 2015, p.4
^ Amson et al., 2016, p.7
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Moreno et al., 2015, p.35
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.7
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.11
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.13
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.15
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.19
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.26
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.29
^ Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.30
^ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.190
^ ^a ^b Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.194
^ Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.196
^ Kaitamana at Fossilworks.org
^ Moreno et al., 2015, p.29
^ Hendy et al., 2015, p.52
^ Hendy et al., 2015, p.53
^ Hendy et al., 2015, p.54

Bibliography

Local geology

ANH (2010), Guajira Basin - Colombia Open Round 2010 (PDF), ANH, p. 1, retrieved 2017-08-30 Archived 2017-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
Moreno, F.; Hendy, A.J.W.; Quiroz, L.; Hoyos, N.; Jones, D.S.; Zapata, V.; Zapata, S.; Ballen, G.A.; Cadena, A.L. Cárdenas, J.D. Carrillo Briceño, J.D. Carrillo, D. Delgado Sierra, J. Escobar, J.I. Martínez, C. Martínez, C. Montes, J. Moreno, N. Pérez, R. Sánchez, C. Suárez, M.C. Vallejo Pareja, C. Jaramillo, Edwin (2015), "Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 5–43, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134....5M, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4, retrieved 2017-08-08{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rodríguez, Gabriel; Londoño, Ana Cristina (2002), Mapa geológico del Departamento de La Guajira - 1:250,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–259, retrieved 2017-08-08

Paleontology

Amson, Eli; Carrillo, Juan D.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2016), "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): Implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange" (PDF), Palaeontology, 59 (4): 563–582, Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..563A, doi:10.1111/pala.12244, retrieved 2017-08-31
Cadena, Edwin; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia" (PDF), Ameghiniana, 52 (2): 188–203, doi:10.5710/AMGH.10.11.2014.2835, retrieved 2017-08-08
Carillo Sánchez, Juan David (2018), Systematics of the South American Native Ungulates and the Neogene Evolution of Mammals from Northern South America (PhD thesis) (PDF), University of Zurich, pp. 1–285, retrieved 2018-05-15
Hendy, Austin J.W.; Jones, Douglas S.; Moreno, Federico; Zapata, Vladimir; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Neogene molluscs, shallow marine paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the Guajira Peninsula, Colombia" (PDF), Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 134 (1): 45–75, Bibcode:2015SwJP..134...45H, doi:10.1007/s13358-015-0074-1, retrieved 2017-08-08
Moreno Bernal, Jorge W (2014), Fossil Crocodilians from the High Guajira Peninsula of Colombia, and the History of Neogene Crocodilian Diversity in Tropical South America, University of Nebraska, pp. 1–66, retrieved 2017-08-08
Suárez, Catalina; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Goin, Francisco J.; Jaramillo, Carlos (2015), "Insights into the Neotropics prior to the Great American Biotic Interchange: new evidence of mammalian predators from the Miocene of Northern Colombia" (PDF), Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e1029581: 1–10, retrieved 2017-08-31

Maps

Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Ochoa, Alberto; Muñoz, Carlos A.; Dorado, Camilo E.; Guerrero, Nathalia M.; Martínez, Ana M.; Medina, Paula A.; Ocampo, Edgar F.; Pinilla and Paula A. Ríos, Bibiana P. Rodríguez, Edward A. Salazar, Vladimir L. Zapata, Alejandro (2008), Plancha 3 - Puerto Estrella - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Ochoa, Alberto; Muñoz, Carlos A.; Dorado, Camilo E.; Guerrero, Nathalia M.; Martínez, Ana M.; Medina, Paula A.; Ocampo, Edgar F.; Pinilla and Paula A. Ríos, Bibiana P. Rodríguez, Edward A. Salazar, Vladimir L. Zapata, Alejandro (2008), Plancha 5 - Bahía Portete - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Ochoa, Alberto; Muñoz, Carlos A.; Dorado, Camilo E.; Guerrero, Nathalia M.; Martínez, Ana M.; Medina, Paula A.; Ocampo, Edgar F.; Pinilla and Paula A. Ríos, Bibiana P. Rodríguez, Edward A. Salazar, Vladimir L. Zapata, Alejandro (2008), Plancha 10 - Rancho Grande - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Ochoa, Alberto; Muñoz, Carlos A.; Dorado, Camilo E.; Guerrero, Nathalia M.; Martínez, Ana M.; Medina, Paula A.; Ocampo, Edgar F.; Pinilla and Paula A. Ríos, Bibiana P. Rodríguez, Edward A. Salazar, Vladimir L. Zapata, Alejandro (2008), Plancha 10bis - Rancho Grande - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[Morenoetal_p27-1] Moreno et al., 2015, p.27

[Morenoetal_2015_pp27_32-2] Moreno et al., 2015, pp.27-32

[Morenoetal_2015_p31-3] Moreno et al., 2015, p.31

[Rodriguez_p138-4] Rodríguez & Londoño, 2002, p.138

[Morenoetal_2015_p32-5] Moreno et al., 2015, p.32

[Carillo2018_p142-6] Carillo, 2018, p.142

[Suarezetal_p4-7] Suárez et al., 2015, p.4

[Amson_p7-8] Amson et al., 2016, p.7

[Morenoetal_p35-9] Moreno et al., 2015, p.35

[Moreno_p7-10] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.7

[Moreno_p11-11] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.11

[Moreno_p13-12] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.13

[Moreno_p15-13] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.15

[Moreno_p19-14] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.19

[Moreno_p26-15] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.26

[Moreno_p29-16] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.29

[Moreno_p30-17] Moreno Bernal, 2014, p.30

[Cadena_p190-18] Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.190

[Cadena_p194-19] Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.194

[Cadena_p196-20] Cadena & Jaramillo, 2015, p.196

[FWKaitamana-21] Kaitamana at Fossilworks.org

[Morenoetal_2015_p29-22] Moreno et al., 2015, p.29

[Hendy_p52-23] Hendy et al., 2015, p.52

[Hendy_p53-24] Hendy et al., 2015, p.53

[Hendy_p54-25] Hendy et al., 2015, p.54

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