Jump to content

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleAn act making consolidated appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021, providing coronavirus emergency response and relief, and for other purposes.
Enacted bythe 116th United States Congress
EffectiveDecember 27, 2020
Citations
Public lawPub. L. 116–260 (text) (PDF)
Legislative history

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (H.R. 133) is a $2.3 trillion[1] spending bill that combines $900 billion in stimulus relief for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States with a $1.4 trillion omnibus spending bill for the 2021 federal fiscal year (combining 12 separate annual appropriations bills) and prevents a government shutdown.[2][3][4] The bill is one of the largest spending measures ever enacted, surpassing the $2.2 trillion CARES Act, enacted in March 2020.[1] The legislation is the first bill to address the pandemic since April 2020.[5] According to the Senate Historical Office, at 5,593 pages, the legislation is the longest bill ever passed by Congress.[6]

The bill was passed by both houses of Congress on December 21, 2020, with large bipartisan majorities in support. The bill was the product of weeks of intense negotiations and compromise between Democrats and Republicans during the lame-duck session.[7][8][9][10] After initially criticizing the bill, President Donald Trump signed it into law on December 27.[11][12][13]

Legislative history

[edit]
Further information: U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Background

[edit]

Following the approval of some $2.5 trillion in stimulus in March and April, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell cautioned against any further spending.[14][a] From then until mid-October, Republicans and Democrats proposed a series of prospective bills, with support mostly along party lines, and each side voicing criticism of the other party's inclusion of special interests.[16][17][18][19] In September, a non-pandemic-related spending bill was passed to avoid a government shutdown, allowing Congress to focus on a separate relief bill.[20] On November 4, McConnell spoke in favor of passing stimulus during the lame-duck session in November and December.[21] Two days later, Larry Kudlow, the director of President Donald Trump's National Economic Council, indicated that, like McConnell, the Trump administration was interested in a targeted package smaller than $2–3 trillion.[22]

Negotiations

[edit]

On December 1, McConnell implied that some form of relief would come in the spending bill for the fiscal year of 2021.[23] The next day, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer endorsed a $908 billion bipartisan plan.[24][b] A number of Republican senators subsequently endorsed it, with Lindsey Graham (R-SC) saying he had discussed it "extensively" with Trump.[26]

On December 8, Mnuchin presented a $916 billion counter-proposal,[27] which Pelosi and Schumer called "unacceptable" because it reduced funding for unemployment insurance from $180 billion to $40 billion,[28] in exchange for a one-time $600 direct payment for adults and children.[29][c]

On December 11, a one-week stopgap spending bill was signed into law to allow more time to negotiate stimulus.[32][33]

The next week, two controversial measures from both parties were moved into a separate $160 billion bill called the Bipartisan State and Local Support and Small Business Protection Act of 2020. This bill included the Democrat's request for more state and local government aid, and the Republican's request for a strong COVID lawsuit liability shield for businesses.[34]

Senator Josh Hawley (R-MO) and Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) planned to bring to vote on December 18 a proposal for direct payments of the same amount provided by the CARES Act ($1,200 per adult making less than $75,000 annually and $500 per child),[35] but this was blocked by Senator Ron Johnson (R-WI).[36][37]

On December 18, a 48-hour stopgap bill was passed to keep the government funded through the weekend,[37] with a one-day stopgap bill passed to prolong voting until that Monday, December 21.[38]

At the request of Senator Pat Toomey (R-PA), the bill was modified to require congressional approval of future emergency lending through the Fed, and to rescind about $429 billion in unused CARES Act funding.[39][40][41]

In order to pass the bill more quickly, Congress used H.R. 133, previously the United States-Mexico Economic Partnership Act, as a legislative vehicle, amending the bill to contain its current text.[42]

Challenges

[edit]

During the last few days, logistical challenges arose as the bill, which consisted of some 5,500 pages of text, proved difficult to physically assemble due to printer malfunctions and a corrupted computer file.[43] The file, representing the education portion of the bill, posed a problem in that all portions had to be combined into one overall file.[44] Senator John Thune (R-SD) remarked, "Unfortunately, it's a bad time to have a computer glitch."[43] The delays meant that the two votes in Congress were delayed late into the evening of December 21.[45]

Several members of both parties voiced unhappiness with such a large bill being presented to them with little time to understand what was inside it.[12] Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) wrote, "It's not good enough to hear about what's in the bill. Members of Congress need to see & read the bills we are expected to vote on,"[45] and compared the process to "hostage-taking",[12] while Representative Michael Burgess (R-TX) said, "This is a tough way to legislate, to save everything til the very end and then pass a very large bill."[45] Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) tweeted that the whole process was "ABSURD".[12]

Congress passes the bill

[edit]

On the evening of December 21 the votes were held, with large, bipartisan majorities supporting them.[5] The bill was split into two parts in the House, with one portion passing 327–85 and another portion 359–53.[5] The first vote, which included funding for federal agencies, was opposed by 41 Democrats and 43 Republicans.[5] The stimulus portion was in the latter vote, and was supported by Democrats by a 230–2 margin and Republicans by a 128–50 margin (two independents made up the rest).[46] Following that, there was a single vote in the Senate, which passed 92–6.[5]

Also on the night of December 21, Trump signed a weeklong stopgap bill through December 28, avoiding a shutdown while the 5,593-page legislation was being processed.[47] It was the biggest bill ever passed by Congress in terms of length of text.[6] On December 24, Congress began the official process of sending the bill to Trump.[48]

Presidential dispute and signing

[edit]
President Trump signs the bill in Mar-a-Lago

Trump was largely absent from the final series of negotiations on the pandemic relief and omnibus legislation,[49][50] as he had been focusing almost exclusively on promoting his claims that the 2020 presidential election had been stolen from him.[12][49][51][52] Trump's Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and other Trump administration officials were involved in the negotiations at each stage and expressed support for the final deal.[49]

In a video released on the evening of December 22, a day after the bill's passage, Trump indicated his dissatisfaction with the bill, calling it a "disgrace" and criticizing it for including what he called "wasteful and unnecessary" spending (Trump complained about the inclusion of funds for foreign aid, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Kennedy Center) and not enough pandemic relief,[d] calling the $600 individual payments "ridiculously low".[12] Trump's last-minute statement shocked Congress[51] and surprised administration officials, including Mnuchin, who was heavily involved in the negotiations.[12] In the video, Trump complained about various spending line items in the bill for not being related to COVID-19, but these expenditures were part of the regular annual (fiscal year 2021) appropriations, not the COVID-19 stimulus portion of the bill.[49][53] Moreover, the budget items that Trump complained about were part of Trump's own budget proposal for the year,[53] and were similar to budget provisions in previous budgets signed by Trump.[49]

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said that, if Trump vetoed the bill, the Senate was prepared to convene on December 29 for an override vote.[54]

On the night of December 22, Trump asked Congress to send him a version of the bill with $2,000 rather than $600 individual payments. House Speaker Pelosi and House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer signaled Democratic support of this change, while Senate Minority Leader Schumer encouraged Trump to sign the current bill, stating that "we're glad to pass more aid" at a later date.[55] If no agreement can be reached, the government may shut down, and according to Trump, "the next administration will have to deliver a COVID relief package and maybe that administration will be me".[56][57][58] It was speculated that Trump might use a pocket veto.[50]

The president left for his Mar-a-Lago estate on December 23, leaving his intentions unclear.[51] On December 24, House Democrats tried to pass, by unanimous consent, legislation to increase the size of the stimulus checks to $2,000,[59] but House Republicans blocked the proposed increase.[60][61] Many figures in both parties urged Trump to sign the bill,[62][63] and planned fallback strategies to keep the government open in case he did not.[64]

Two kinds of pandemic relief payments, Pandemic Unemployment Assistance and Pandemic Emergency Unemployment Compensation, expired on the morning of December 27.[65] On the evening of December 27, after coming under heavy pressure from Democrats and Republicans, Trump signed the bill into law without his demands being met.[66][67] Upon signing the bill, Trump released a statement containing various false statements and grievances.[66] Trump indicated that he would create "a redlined version" of the bill accompanied by a "formal rescission request to Congress insisting that those funds be removed from the bill."[68] Congress is not expected to act on this request.[66] Trump's delay of nearly a week in signing the bill held up $900 billion in emergency relief funds,[66] and because he did not sign the bill a day earlier, millions of Americans enrolled in unemployment programs were unlikely to receive a payment for the final week of 2020.[67]

CASH Act

[edit]
See also: U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic § Speculative proposals

On December 28, the House passed the Caring for Americans with Supplemental Help Act (CASH Act), a standalone bill to increase direct payments to $2,000[69] for those who make under $75,000 annually. It would phase out for those who make up to $115,000.[70] Projected to cost $464 billion,[71] the House passed the bill by just over the two-thirds majority vote necessary, under a suspension of the rules.[72][73][74]

On December 29, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer moved to pass the bill by unanimous consent, but was blocked by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell.[75] Later that day, McConnell introduced legislation combining increased payments with two other Trump demands: a repeal of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (which the president had wanted to include in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), and the establishment of a voter fraud study commission.[76][e] McConnell later claimed that Trump had requested these items to be tied to the stimulus checks, but there is no record of this.[77] Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) has cautioned against sinking the $2,000 stimulus checks with "poison pills".[76] On December 31, Schumer again tried to pass the bill by unanimous consent, which was again blocked by McConnell. Schumer suggested voting on the president's other two requests separately.[78]

On December 30, McConnell criticized the CASH Act for failing to adequately phase out higher-income earners.[77][f] Bernie Sanders (with Josh Hawley's backing) tried to force a roll-call vote on the law by filibustering a vote to override Trump's veto of the 2021 defense bill.[80][81] On January 1, 2021, Schumer again called for a vote on $2,000 stimulus checks but was blocked by a Republican senator—ending prospects for the act to be approved by the 116th Congress.[82] On January 6, after Democrats won control of the Senate by winning two Senate seats in Georgia the night before, Schumer said the $2,000 payments were a top priority for him in the 117th Congress.[83] President-elect Joe Biden also supported increasing the payments to $2,000.[84]

Provisions

[edit]

Coronavirus relief

[edit]

The Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021 (CRRSAA) is Division M of the legislation, and Division N contains additional coronavirus provisions. It is a follow-on to such actions as the CARES Act and Paycheck Protection Program passed in March 2020, and comes after eight months of mostly little progress in negotiations between the different parties and houses of Congress.[45][85] Many of the negotiations made little progress due to strongly held policy differences being contested.[45] The incumbent president, having lost his bid for re-election, generally played little role in the later stages of the discussions.[45]

The pandemic relief portion of the bill was estimated at about $900 billion by the Associated Press.[86] On January 14, the Congressional Budget Office released its scoring with Division M as $184 billion and Division N as $682 billion, for a total of $866 billion[87] with their breakdowns.[88][89] The Associated Press' estimates were:

  • $325 billion for small businesses
    • $284 billion in forgivable loans via the Paycheck Protection Program[g]
    • $20 billion for businesses in low-income communities
    • $15 billion for economically endangered live venues, movie theaters and museums[85][2]
    • Expanded employee retention tax credit: gross receipts threshold reduced to 20%; small employer cap raised to 500; PPP borrowers eligible; worth up to $7,000 per employee per quarter.[91]
  • $166 billion for a $600 stimulus check, for most Americans with an adjusted gross income lower than $75,000[86][92][h]
  • $120 billion for an extension of increased federal unemployment benefits ($300 per week until March 14, 2021)[85][86]
  • $82 billion for schools and universities, including $54 billion to public K-12 schools, $23 billion for higher education; $4 billion to a Governors Emergency Education Relief Fund; and slightly under $1 billion for Native American schools[86]
  • $69 billion for vaccines, testing, and health providers[86]
    • Vaccine and treatment procurement and distribution, as well as a strategic stockpile, received over $30 billion[86]
    • Testing, contact tracing, and mitigation received $22 billion[86]
    • Health care providers received $9 billion[86]
    • Mental health received $4.5 billion[86]
  • $25 billion for a federal aid to state and local governments for rental assistance programs (also covering rent arrears, utilities, and home energy costs)[86][94]
  • $13 billion to increase the monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP/food stamp) benefit by 15% through June 30, 2021[2][95]
  • $13 billion round of direct payments to the farming and ranching industry,[2][96] including
    • About $5 billion for payments of $20 per acre for row crop producers, which (according to an American Farm Bureau Federation analysis) would go to producers of corn ($1.8 billion), soybeans ($1.7 billion), wheat ($890 million), and cotton ($240 million).[96]
    • Up to $1 billion for livestock and poultry farmers, plus certain "plus-up" payments for cattle producers[96]
    • $470 million for dairy producers, plus additional $400 million for the USDA to purchase milk for processing into dairy products for donation to food banks[96]
    • $60 million for small meat and poultry processors[96]
  • $10 billion for child care (specifically, the Child Care Development Block Grant program)[86]
  • $10 billion for the U.S. Postal Service (in the form of forgiveness of a previous federal loan)[86]

The legislation also extends the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-imposed eviction moratorium (halting evictions for failure to pay rent for tenants with annual incomes of less than $99,000) to January 31, 2021; the moratorium had initially been set to expire at the end of 2020.[94][97]

Regular appropriations

[edit]

The regular annual appropriations bills comprise Divisions A through L of the bill, and totals about $1.4 trillion.[86][98] Among these provisions are:

Division A – Agriculture, rural development, FDA

[edit]
  • $114 billion for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and $25.118 billion for Child Nutrition Programs, including $42 million for the Summer Electronic Benefits Transfer program (including an expansion to new states), and $30 million for school meal equipment grants, and $6 billion in discretionary Women, Infants and Children funding[98]
  • $23.4 billion for agriculture, rural development, the FDA, and related agencies (an increase of $217 million from FY 2020[98]
  • $7 billion to expand broadband access for students, families and unemployed workers, including $300 million for rural broadband and $250 million for telehealth[2]

Division B – Commerce, justice, science

[edit]

Division C – Defense

[edit]
  • $695.9 billion for the Department of Defense (a decrease of $9.7 billion from FY 2020)[98]
    • $68.7 billion for the Overseas Contingency Operations fund
    • A 3% rise in military pay[102]
    • $2.3 billion for a second Virginia-class attack submarine, a key priority for certain legislators who have pressed for the construction of two attack subs per year[2]
    • $2 billion for the Space Force[103]

Division D – Energy and water development

[edit]

Division E – Financial services, general government

[edit]

Division F – Homeland security

[edit]

Division G – Interior, environment

[edit]

Division H – Labor, health, education

[edit]

Division I – Legislative branch

[edit]

Division J – Military construction and veterans affairs

[edit]
  • $243 billion in mandatory and discretionary funding for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (including advance appropriations from the preceding year).[102] VA funding increased by almost 12% from the previous fiscal year.[105] VA appropriations include $10.3 billion for veterans' mental health (including $312 million specifically for suicide prevention),[105] $3.2 billion to address the Veterans Benefits Administration backlog of disability claims,[102] $16 billion for MISSION Act community care,[98] $2.6 billion for VA electronic health record modernization,[102][105] $1.9 billion for programs addressing veteran homelessness,[105] and $1.2 billion for the Caregivers Program.[98] The act also provides $130 billion in advance appropriations for fiscal year 2022 to ensure continuity of VA funding and prevent a future partial government shutdown from affecting the VA.[105]
  • Appropriations for military construction declined 28% from the prior fiscal year.[106]

Division K – State and foreign operations

[edit]

The act appropriated $55.5 billion for the Department of State, foreign operations, related programs, and the Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funds.[107] This was an increase from the amount appropriated in the previous fiscal year, but lower than the bills approved by the House and Senate.[108] The act also included funding for the U.S. contribution to the replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a goal of global health advocates.[108] The foreign aid appropriations are an increase of about 1%.[108]

Division L – Transportation, housing and urban development

[edit]

Other provisions

[edit]

Divisions O through Z and AA through FF contains additional legislation (called "authorizing matters") unrelated to coronavirus relief and annual appropriations.[112] Additionally, the appropriations provisions of the bill contain various policy riders.[98][107] The addition of such provisions to omnibus spending legislation ("loading up the Christmas tree") is common toward the end of a congressional session.[45] Among these are:

Healthcare

[edit]
  • A ban on most surprise medical billing—unexpected, and sometimes large, bills from out-of-network providers that are charged to patients. The ban, which goes into effect in 2022, will require out-of-network providers to negotiate with insurers to obtain compensation, rather than billing insured patients directly. The ban on surprising billing will apply to physicians, hospitals, and air ambulances, but does not apply to ground ambulances. The ban on surprise billing had broad public support; a similar provision nearly passed in 2019, but was blocked amid concerns from health providers and the private-equity firms that own many of them.[119][120]
  • Reauthorizing funding for community health centers for three years[86]
  • Extension of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates for health care providers and procedures[86]
  • Requiring ERISA health plan sponsors to attest that fees are fair and reasonable for the services provided[121]

Tax provisions

[edit]
  • Various "tax extenders" extending expiring tax breaks;[86] including making permanent a previous reduction in the excise tax for producers of beer, wine, and distilled spirits (a measure advocated for by the alcohol industry); extension of the wind production tax credit (advocated by the American Wind Energy Association); a tax extender for the motorsports entertainment industry (benefiting NASCAR and others); and a tax extender for buyers of "two-wheeled plug-in electric vehicles" (electric motorcycles and scooters)[122]
  • A tax deduction for corporate meal expenses; inclusion of this provision was pushed by Trump and administration officials, but was criticized by many House Democrats who referred to it as a needless "three-martini lunch" tax break, as well as by economists across the political spectrum. During negotiations, Democrats ultimately agreed to include the deduction in exchange for Republicans' agreement to the expansion of tax credits for the working poor and low-income families.[123]

Education

[edit]

Foreign and human rights policy

[edit]

Energy and environmental provisions

[edit]

Economic analyses

[edit]

Economists projected that the relief act (in conjunction with the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines) would have a stimulative effect and would strengthen U.S. economic recovery in the second half of 2021, but came too late to avert a struggling economy in the first half of 2021.[130][131][132] An analysis by economists Adam Hersh and Mark Paul, commissioned by the Groundwork Collaborative, a progressive think tank, concluded that Congress would need to enact a near-term stimulus about four times larger in order to obtain a full recovery.[132]

The bill's omission of grants to state and local governments, which are struggling with budget shortfalls, was criticized by economists, who noted that the lack of revenue would lead to state and local governments eliminating jobs and raising taxes.[130]

Economists stated that the $25 billion in rental assistance programs allocated by the bill were insufficient to prevent a looming eviction crisis.[94]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]

References

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ On May 11, McConnell revealed that he was "in constant communication with the White House and if we decide to go forward we'll go forward together".[15]
  2. ^ This initially planned $288 billion in small business aid, $160 billion to state and local governments, $180 billion for $300 weekly unemployment benefits until March, $82 billion for education, $45 billion for transportation, and $16 billion for vaccines and testing.[23] It would also provide temporary liability protections to give states time to develop their own policies.[25]
  3. ^ On December 13, Trump stated that "I want to see checks ... for more money than they're talking about going to people."[30] On December 17, White House aids reportedly stopped from him from publicly asking Congress to increase direct payments in the current negotiations to between $1,200 and $2,000.[31]
  4. ^ Fox News's Fox & Friends, a favorite program of the president, had that morning criticized the bill's large number of unexpected items that were not directly related to government funding or pandemic relief.[12] A Fox News article from December 23 speculates that the president may have gotten confused between provisions of the pandemic relief and those of the omnibus package.[50]
  5. ^ In the wake of his loss in the 2020 election, Trump has repeatedly made baseless claims of fraud and demanded "an investigation".[76]
  6. ^ McConnell has previously floated the possibility of a stimulus check for families who make less than $40,000 annually.[79]
  7. ^ The New York Times notes that some businesses will profit from a "double dip" into this program, as they can report the extra money as a tax write-off.[90]
  8. ^ Reduced payments will be provided for those who make up to $87,000 annually. Income is based on 2019 tax reporting. Adult dependents do not qualify.[93]
  9. ^ This is not actually an "amendment" or a specific piece of legislation. Prohibitions against funding abortions are scattered throughout the bill in multiple different divisions.

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Elis, Niv (December 21, 2020). "Congress unveils $2.3 trillion government spending and virus relief package". The Hill. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Caitlin Emma & Marianne LeVine, Breaking down the $900B stimulus package and $1.4T omnibus bill, Politico (December 20, 2020).
  3. ^ "Virus Relief Bill Released Hours Before Vote: Congress Update". Bloomberg.com. December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  4. ^ Lahut, Jake. "'A bad time to have a computer glitch': COVID-19 stimulus bill text delayed by printer errors and internet issues". Business Insider. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Haberkorn, Jennifer (December 21, 2020). "Congress approves new stimulus plan that includes checks for many Americans". Los Angeles Times.
  6. ^ a b Taylor, Andrew (December 22, 2020). "House passes $900 billion COVID relief, catchall measure". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  7. ^ Grace Segers, What's in the $900 billion coronavirus relief bill passed by Congress?, CBS News (December 23, 2020).
  8. ^ Foran, Clare; Raju, Manu (December 21, 2020). "House approves $900 billion Covid rescue package, sending it to the Senate". CNN. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  9. ^ Stein, Jeff; DeBonis, Mike. "Senate approves huge spending package, sends economic relief measure to Trump for enactment". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  10. ^ Carney, Jordain (December 21, 2020). "Congress passes $2.3T coronavirus relief, government funding deal". The Hill. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  11. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 28, 2020). "Trump signs Covid relief and government funding bill days after he suggested he would block it". CNBC.com. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Broadwater, Luke; Rappeport, Alan (December 22, 2020). "Trump Demands Changes to Coronavirus Relief Bill, Calling It a 'Disgrace'". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  13. ^ Fritze, John; Subramanian, Courtney. "Trump reverses on coronavirus stimulus deal, signs package he called a 'disgrace'". USA Today. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  14. ^ Carney, Jordain (April 21, 2020). "McConnell hits brakes on 'phase four' coronavirus relief". The Hill. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
  15. ^ Everett, Burgess; Caygle, Heather (May 11, 2020). "McConnell brushes off Pelosi as she finalizes relief package". Politico. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
  16. ^ Carney, Jordain (May 12, 2020). "McConnell, Senate GOP declare House Democrats' $3T coronavirus bill 'dead on arrival'". The Hill. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
  17. ^ Swanson, Ian (September 10, 2020). "Senate Democrats block GOP relief bill". The Hill. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  18. ^ Werner, Erica; Stein, Jeff (October 1, 2020). "House Democrats pass $2.2 trillion stimulus bill over GOP opposition; bipartisan talks continue". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  19. ^ Segers, Grace (October 16, 2020). "Future of coronavirus relief bill uncertain as White House and Democrats continue negotiations". CBS News. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  20. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (September 4, 2020). "Pence says White House, Congress have reached agreement to avoid shutdown without adding coronavirus relief". CNBC. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
  21. ^ Hansen, Sarah (November 4, 2020). "McConnell Changes His Tune On Stimulus: 'We Need To Do It Before The End Of The Year'". Forbes. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  22. ^ Dolcourt, Jessica; Colby, Clifford; Carson, Erin (November 7, 2020). "Every way Biden as president-elect could impact your second stimulus check". CNET. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
  23. ^ a b Pramuk, Jacob (December 1, 2020). "McConnell shoots down bipartisan $900 billion coronavirus stimulus plan as stalemate drags on". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  24. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 2, 2020). "Pelosi and Schumer back $900 billion coronavirus stimulus plan as basis for negotiations". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  25. ^ Mierzwinski, Ed (December 13, 2020). "The GOP is holding up relief for millions of Americans because they want to make sure corporations have blanket protection from workers who get COVID on the job". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  26. ^ Stein, Jeff; DeBonis, Mike; Kim, Seung Min (December 3, 2020). "Momentum builds for bipartisan $908 billion stimulus package as more GOP senators express support". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  27. ^ Cochrane, Emily (December 9, 2020). "White House Offers $916 Billion Stimulus Proposal, Cutting Jobless Benefits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  28. ^ Iacurci, Greg (December 9, 2020). "Covid relief bill would add a $300 boost to unemployment benefits for 16 weeks". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  29. ^ Stein, Jeff; DeBonis, Mike (December 8, 2020). "White House proposes dramatically lower unemployment benefit in exchange for $600 stimulus check". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  30. ^ Konish, Lorie (December 14, 2020). "Second $1,200 stimulus checks are not in the new $908 billion relief proposal. Some are calling for that to change". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  31. ^ Stein, Jeff (December 18, 2020). "White House aides talked Trump out of last-minute demand for stimulus checks as big as $2,000". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  32. ^ Marcos, Cristina (December 9, 2020). "House passes stopgap bill to avoid government shutdown". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  33. ^ Grisales, Claudia; Snell, Kelsey (December 11, 2020). "President Trump Signs Bill To Avoid Government Shutdown Ahead Of Deadline". NPR. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
  34. ^ Kapur, Sahil (December 14, 2020). "Congress reaches make-or-break week on coronavirus relief, with deal elusive". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020. Some Republicans oppose federal funding for states, dismissing it as a bailout for poorly run local governments. And a liability shield is highly controversial among Democratic leaders, who blast it as 'corporate immunity' from wrongdoing.
  35. ^ Konish, Lorie (December 17, 2020). "A second $1,200 stimulus check continues to get pushed for by Sens. Hawley, Sanders". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  36. ^ Carney, Jordain (December 18, 2020). "GOP senator blocks bill to provide $1,200 stimulus checks". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  37. ^ a b Pramuk, Jacob (December 18, 2020). "Trump signs two-day funding bill as Congress rushes to finalize spending, Covid relief deal". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 18, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  38. ^ Lillis, Mike (December 20, 2020). "House adopts 1-day stopgap bill to prevent government shutdown". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  39. ^ Cochrane, Emily; Smialek, Jeanna (December 20, 2020). "Lawmakers Resolve Fed Dispute as They Race to Close Stimulus Deal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  40. ^ Raju, Manu; Foran, Clare (December 20, 2020). "Congress on brink of deal on $900 billion relief package after resolving key dispute". CNN. Archived from the original on December 20, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  41. ^ Vella, Lauren (December 19, 2020). "Senators reach deal on Fed powers, setting stage for coronavirus relief passage". TheHill. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  42. ^ "H.R. 133 (116th): H.R. 133: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [Including Coronavirus Stimulus & Relief]". govtrack.us.
  43. ^ a b Lahut, Jake. "'A bad time to have a computer glitch': COVID-19 stimulus bill text delayed by printer errors and internet issues". Business Insider. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  44. ^ Lahut, Jake (December 21, 2020). "'A bad time to have a computer glitch': COVID-19 stimulus bill text delayed by printer errors and internet issues". Yahoo! News.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g Ferris, Sarah; Zanona, Melanie; Desiderio, Andrew (December 21, 2020). "Congress passes massive stimulus package as virus rages". Politico.
  46. ^ Martin, Jeffery (December 21, 2020). "House Passes Stimulus Bill 359-53, Headed to Senate For Midnight Vote". Newsweek.
  47. ^ Lerman, David; Lesniewski, Niels (December 21, 2020). "Trump signs weeklong funding extension to buy time to prep omnibus". Roll Call. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  48. ^ Higgins, Tucker (December 24, 2020). "Congress sends Covid relief bill to Trump, but it's not clear whether he will sign it". CNBC. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
  49. ^ a b c d e Mattingly, Phil (December 23, 2020). "Here's what Trump's attempt to upend the stimulus deal means". CNN.
  50. ^ a b c Olson, Tyler (December 23, 2020). "Trump puts GOP on its heels with 11th-hour stimulus demands, throws wrench into Georgia Senate race". Fox News.
  51. ^ a b c Kumar, Anita; Zanona, Melanie; Levine, Marianne (December 23, 2020). "'Complete clusterf---': Trump leaves Washington in limbo". Politico. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  52. ^ Mike Calia (December 22, 2020). "Trump calls Covid relief bill unsuitable and demands Congress add bigger stimulus payments". CNBC. Trump also said that if Congress doesn't deliver the relief package he wants, it will be left to the next administration. "And maybe that administration will be me, and we will get it done," he said. Trump lost to Biden in November's election. Still, the president has continued to falsely insist that he actually won the election, and that he was the victim of widespread voter fraud.
  53. ^ a b Kevin Liptak; Christopher Hickey (December 23, 2020). "Trump's complaints vs. his own budget proposal". CNN.
  54. ^ Carney, Jordain (December 22, 2020). "McConnell: Senate to return Dec. 29 for potential Trump veto override vote". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  55. ^ Elis, Niv; Axelrod, Tal (December 22, 2020). "Trump slams relief bill, calls on Congress to increase stimulus money". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  56. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 23, 2020). "Trump's attack on Covid relief bill could lead to government shutdown, lapse in unemployment aid". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  57. ^ Aggarwal, Mayank (December 23, 2020). "Trump says 'maybe' his will be the next administration to deliver a 'suitable' Covid package". The Independent. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  58. ^ Gerstein, Julie (December 22, 2020). "In a video from the White House, Trump once more suggests he won't let go of the presidency, saying maybe the next administration 'will be me'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  59. ^ Carvajal, Nikki; Liptak, Kevin; Raju, Manu; Diamond, Jeremy; LeBlanc, Paul (December 23, 2020). "Trump throws Covid relief bill in doubt by asking Congress to amend it". CNN. Archived from the original on December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  60. ^ Jagoda, Naomi; Brufke, Juliegrace (December 24, 2020). "House GOP rejects unanimous consent on $2,000 direct payments". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  61. ^ Edelman, Adam (December 24, 2020). "Pelosi says House to vote on bigger stimulus payments after GOP blocks increase". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.
  62. ^ Egan, Lauren (December 26, 2020). "Biden calls on Trump to sign Covid bill as government shutdown nears". NBC News. Archived from the original on December 26, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  63. ^ Salant, Jonathan D. (December 27, 2020). "Second stimulus check update: Democrats, Republicans tell Trump to sign the bill as unemployment benefits lapse". NJ.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  64. ^ Freking, Kevin; Taylor, Andrew; Mascaro, Lisa (December 25, 2020). "Stimulus update: GOP blocks $2,000 checks as Trump leaves COVID aid in chaos". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2020 – via 6abc Philadelphia.
  65. ^ Schultz, Marisa (December 27, 2020). "Trump stands firm against foreign aid 'pork' as US unemployment benefits expire". Fox Business.
  66. ^ a b c d Kim, Seung Min; Stein, Jeff; DeBonis, Mike; Dawsey, Josh (December 27, 2020). "Trump signs stimulus and government spending bill into law, averting shutdown". The Washington Post.
  67. ^ a b Kevin Liptak; Kate Bennett; Tami Luhby; Kaitlan Collins; Jason Hoffman; Phil Mattingly; Jeremy Diamond (December 28, 2020). "Trump signs coronavirus relief and government funding bill into law after lengthy delay". CNN.
  68. ^ Zeballos-Roig, Joseph; Frias, Lauren (December 27, 2020). "Trump signs bipartisan coronavirus relief bill after calling on Congress to approve $2,000 stimulus checks". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
  69. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 28, 2020). "House passes bill for $2,000 stimulus checks – leaving it up to GOP-controlled Senate". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  70. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (January 8, 2021). "Democratic Sen. Manchin casts doubts on $2,000 direct payments, jeopardizing passage". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  71. ^ DeBonis, Mike (December 28, 2020). "House votes to boost stimulus checks to $2,000 with bipartisan support". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  72. ^ Kilgore, Ed (December 28, 2020). "Pelosi Tries to Embarrass Trump Backers With Vote on $2,000 Stimulus Checks". New York Magazine. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  73. ^ Caygle, Heather (December 28, 2020). "House passes stimulus check boost as Republicans splinter". Politico. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  74. ^ Hayes, Christal (December 28, 2020). "House approves increasing stimulus checks to $2,000 for Americans, sends bill to Senate". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 28, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  75. ^ Dareh Gregorian, McConnell blocks Senate Democrats' move to pass $2,000 coronavirus checks, NBC News (December 29, 2020).
  76. ^ a b c Mattingly, Phil (December 29, 2020). "McConnell moves to combine Trump asks in potential 'poison pill' for stimulus checks". CNN. Archived from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2020.
  77. ^ a b Mattingly, Phil (December 30, 2020). "McConnell: Bill to increase checks has 'no realistic path'". CNN. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  78. ^ Higgins, Tucker (December 31, 2020). "McConnell refuses to budge on $2,000 stimulus checks as Schumer offers separate votes on other Trump demands". CNBC. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  79. ^ Zeballos-Roig, Joseph (July 6, 2020). "Mitch McConnell opens the door to another stimulus check for Americans, saying people earning under $40,000 a year have been 'hit the hardest'". Business Insider. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
  80. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (December 29, 2020). "McConnell blocks $2,000 stimulus checks, then ties them to unrelated Trump demands on tech and election". CNBC. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  81. ^ "Congress Overturns Trump Veto On Defense Bill After Political Detour". NPR. January 1, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  82. ^ Behrmann, Savannah (January 2, 2021). "Congress wound down without $2,000 stimulus checks. Here's what could happen next". USA Today. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  83. ^ "U.S. Sen. Schumer says Democratic Senate to make $2,000 stimulus payment top priority". Reuters. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  84. ^ Fabian, Jordan (January 8, 2021). "Biden Demands Trillions in New Aid, Renews $2,000-Checks Goal". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  85. ^ a b c Henney, Megan (December 16, 2020). "Congress unveils massive $900B COVID government spending bill after months of negotiations". Fox News. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y "Highlights of $900 billion COVID-19 relief, wrapup bills". Associated Press. December 21, 2020.
  87. ^ Congressional Budget Office. "Congressional Budget Office Summary Estimate for Divisions M Through FF H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 Public Law 116-260 Enacted on December 27, 2020" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  88. ^ Congressional Budget Office. "Discretionary Spending Under Division M, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  89. ^ Congressional Budget Office. "Congressional Budget Office Estimate for Division N—Additional Coronavirus Response and Relief H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 Public Law 116-260 Enacted on December 27, 2020" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  90. ^ Broadwater, Luke; Drucker, Jesse; Ruiz, Rebecca R. (December 23, 2020). "Buried in Pandemic Aid Bill: Billions to Soothe the Richest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  91. ^ Expansion of ERTC
  92. ^ Tanza Loudenback, Here are the income limits to qualify for a second stimulus check, Business Insider (December 22, 2020).
  93. ^ Adamczyk, Alicia (December 21, 2020). "Everything you need to know about the second round of coronavirus stimulus checks". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  94. ^ a b c Diana Olick, Rental assistance in new Covid relief plan is not enough, experts warn, CNBC (December 21, 2020).
  95. ^ Overview of Agriculture and Nutrition Provisions in December 2020: COVID Relief Package, House Agriculture Committee (Dec. 2020).
  96. ^ a b c d e Chuck Abbott, Coronavirus package allots $13 billion for crop and livestock producers, Successful Farming (December 23, 2020).
  97. ^ Kyle Swenson, Congress extends pandemic aid for the jobless and renters. Here's what you need to know., Washington Post (December 21, 2020).
  98. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al FY 2021 Omnibus Appropriations Bill, National Conference of State Legislatures.
  99. ^ Swanson, Ian (December 20, 2020). "Congress to approve $1.375 billion for border wall in 2021". The Hill.
  100. ^ Gest, Ted (December 22, 2020). "Congress Cuts Crime Victim Aid, Tracks Police Misconduct". The Crime Report.
  101. ^ Howell, Elizabeth (December 22, 2020). "NASA receives $23.3 billion for 2021 fiscal year in Congress' omnibus spending bill: report". Space.com. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  102. ^ a b c d Nicole Ogrysko, Congress unveils details of massive $1.4T omnibus spending package, Federal News Network (December 21, 2020).
  103. ^ a b Klein, Matt; Stieb, Charlotte (December 22, 2020). "What Is in the $900 Billion Second Stimulus Package?". Intelligencer. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  104. ^ a b Chris Cioffi & Chris Marquette, Legislative Branch bill includes new accountability measures for Capitol Police, Roll Call (December 21, 2020).
  105. ^ a b c d e Leo Shane III, VA gets big funding increase in final fiscal 2021 budget deal, Military Times (December 22, 2020).
  106. ^ Tom Ichniowski, Massive Omnibus Bill Has Cuts and Hikes for Construction Programs, Engineering News-Record (December 21, 2020).
  107. ^ a b Jack Fitzpatrick, Spending Deal Includes Border Wall Funds, Not Police Provisions, Bloomberg (December 21, 2020).
  108. ^ a b c d Adva Saldinger, Budget bill includes small increase for foreign aid, but is it a win?, Devex (December 20, 2019).
  109. ^ Al-Arshani, Sarah. "The bill that includes the coronavirus relief package also has a provision that makes illegal streaming a felony". Business Insider. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  110. ^ Miriam Valverde, Facebook posts wrongly say COVID-19 bill includes foreign aid, arts funding, PolitiFact (December 22, 2020).
  111. ^ "U.S. COVID-19 relief package causes '$500 million for Israel' to trend online". Haaretz. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  112. ^ Division-By-Division Summary of Authorizing Matters, House Committee on Appropriations.
  113. ^ "The COVID-19 Stimulus Bill Would Make Illegal Streaming a Felony". Hollywood Reporter. December 21, 2020.
  114. ^ Masnick, Mike (December 21, 2020). "Congress (Once Again) Sells Out To Hollywood: Sneaks CASE Act And Felony Streaming Bill Into Government Funding Omnibus". Techdirt.
  115. ^ GAMA Statement on Aircraft Safety and Certification Bill (press release), General Aviation Manufacturers Association (December 22, 2020).
  116. ^ a b 'Leonel Rondon Pipeline Safety Act' included in massive COVID-19 bill, WFXT/State House News Service (December 22, 2020).
  117. ^ Congress Passes Bill to Stop Underage Vapor Sales, NACS (December 22, 2020).
  118. ^ Matthew Daly, Congress approves bill to crack down on racehorse doping, Associated Press (December 22, 2020).
  119. ^ Sarah Kliff & Margot Sanger-Katz, Surprise Medical Bills Cost Americans Millions. Congress Finally Banned Most of Them., New York Times (December 20, 2020).
  120. ^ Sarah Kliff & Margot Sanger-Katz, Why Ambulances Are Exempt From the Surprise-Billing Ban, New York Times (December 22, 2020).
  121. ^ "Owens & Minor Sues Anthem over Mismanaging Health Plan, Lack of Transparency | PLANSPONSOR".
  122. ^ Tucked into Congress's massive stimulus bill: Tens of billions in special-interest tax giveaways, Washington Post (December 22, 2020).
  123. ^ Jeff Stein, White House secures 'three martini lunch' tax deduction in draft of coronavirus relief package, Washington Post (December 12, 2020).
  124. ^ a b c d e Chris Burt, Congress approves $22.7 billion in relief for higher education, University Business (December 22, 2020).
  125. ^ a b "Risch Applauds Passage of Belarus, Taiwan Legislation in Bipartisan Omnibus Package". United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. December 21, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  126. ^ Jason Lemon, 5,000-Page Funding Bill Including COVID Relief Also Has Section Detailing Reincarnation of Dalai Lama, Newsweek (December 21, 2020).
  127. ^ Fried, Daniel; Fishman, Edward (February 12, 2021). "The rebirth of the State Department's Office of Sanctions Coordination: Guidelines for success". Atlantic Council. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  128. ^ a b c d e f g h Geof Koss, Jeremy Dillon & Emma Dumain, Year-end deal includes major energy, environment wins, E&E News (December 21, 2020).
  129. ^ Murkowski, Manchin, House Colleagues Reach Agreement on Energy Package for Year-End Appropriations Bill, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee (December 21, 2020).
  130. ^ a b Heather Long, $900 billion stimulus is second-biggest in U.S. history, but it won't last long enough, Washington Post (December 21, 2020).
  131. ^ Paul Kiernan, Stimulus Deal Likely to Spur Faster Economic Growth Later Next Year, Wall Street Journal (December 22, 2020).
  132. ^ a b Emily Stewart, What it would really take to save the economy: About four times what Congress is currently proposing, according to one estimate., Vox (December 8, 2020).
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021&oldid=1263347075"