own based on:

• تاريخ الجزائر العام للعلامة عبد الرحمن الجيلالي الجزء الثالث: الخاص بالفترة بين 1514 إلى 1830م, Algeria: الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع, p. 40 , The General History of Algeria by Abd al-Rahman al-Jilali Part Three: Regarding the Period Between 1514 and 1830: "so he first moved to the city of Cherchell and occupied it in 922 AH (1516 AD) and then advanced to the city of Algiers on the same date, so he rescued it from the clutches of the Spanish and strengthened it with his symbolic three colored flag: green, yellow and red colors, and his brother Khair al-Din at that time was busy conquering the city of Mostaganem".

• (1965) كتاب حرب الثلاثمائة سنة بين الجزائر واسبانيا 1492 – 1792, الشركة الوطنية للنشر والتوزيع, p. 175 , The Three Hundred Years' War between Algeria and Spain 1492-1792 by Ahmad taoufik Al-Madani: "The death sentence was in his hands, and he became the sole authority in the city of Algiers. He raised his banners of three colors above its walls and castles: green, yellow and red, and spread his authority after a short period of time over the entire plains surrounding the city of Algiers. He took the initiative to mint coins bearing his emblem, on which he wrote: “Mit in Algiers.”".

• (1910) Histoire générale de l'Algérie, Impr. P. Crescenzo, p. 360 , Garrot, Henri (1910): "then, mounting on horseback, followed by his soldiers, he had himself proclaimed Sultan of Algiers, in the midst of the terrified inhabitants. His tricolor banner, green, yellow, red, then flew over the forts of the city, already occupied by the Turks".

• According to Tarek Kahlaoui, Creating the Mediterranean: Maps and the Islamic Imagination (Brill, 2018), p. 216, the city of Algiers is represented by a flag of red, yellow and green horizontal stripes in an Ottoman atlas of 1551 (Al-Sharafīʼs atlas of 1551)[1].

• Mouloud Gaïd : L'Algerie sous les Turcs, p.58 : "The great flag of Algiers, formed of three bands of silk in red, green and yellow, majestically deployed over the gate" [2].

• Léon Galibert, L'Algérie ancienne et moderne depuis les premiers établissements der carthaginois (1844), p.181 : "The great national flag of Algiers, formed of three bands of silk, red, green and yellow, was displayed majestically above the Bab-Azoun gate,"[3]

• Alexandre Rang, Histoire d'Aroudj et de Khaïr-ed-din:"the deployment of a large national flag formed of three bands of silk, red, green and yellow, and adorned with a silver crescent" [4]

• Nadir Assari, Alger: des origines à la régence turque: “During the Turkish era, the flag of Algiers was made up of three bands of red, green and yellow silk. » [5]

• Marius Bernard, L'Algérie qui s'en va: “Nothing is missing, not even the long pole where the insolent flag of the Regency floated for so long with its three horizontal bands, yellow below, red above, green in the middle. ” [6]

• Sander Rang,Ferdinand Denis,Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis, Fondation de la régence d'Alger: histoire des Barberousse: “ it was from the top of its vast terraces on which floated the red, yellow and green standard.”. [7]

• Countess Antoinette Joséphine Françoise Anne DROHOJOWSKA, Jules Raymond LAMÉ FLEURY L'historie d'Algérie, racontée à la jeunesse ... ouvrage ... précédé d'une préface de D. Lévi Alvarès ... et faisant suite au cours d'histoires racontées á la jeunesse ... par M. Lamé Fleury· (1848), p.136: “ While victory was docile to the Turks, wherever the terrible red, green and yellow flag of Odjak appeared, a flag still so new and already so well known. ” [8]

• A. S. de DONCOURT (Chevalier, pseud. [i.e. the Countess Antoinette Joséphine Fránçoise Anne Drohojowska.]), Les Fastes de la Marine Française. Marine militaire· (1875), p.112: “ The siege of Malta, during which "we see them, led by Hassan, their governor," showing themselves wherever there was danger to be faced, glory to be acquired, ended up making the terrible red-green-yellow flag famous and formidable, which Barbarossa gave them. The Odjak of Algiers takes first place among the regencies of the Barbary coasts which, under the suzerainty of the sultans, became the terror of the Mediterranean and the Christian populations of its coastline. ”[9]