Indians in Pakistan

Indians in Pakistan
पाकिस्तान में भारतीय; پاکستان میں ہندوستانی۔;
Total population
	2,016,501
Regions with significant populations
	Predominantly Punjab and Sindh
Languages
	Hindi–Urdu, Punjabi, others
Religion
	Islam; Hinduism; Sikhism;
Related ethnic groups
	Indian diaspora

Indians in Pakistan typically refers to Indian nationals working, studying or generally residing in Pakistan as expatriates. It also includes Indian emigrants to Pakistan, Indian spouses married to Pakistanis and Muhajirs.

History

There has been a history of immigration occurring between India and Pakistan due to the two countries sharing a common border.^[3]^[4] Between 1979 and 1981, there were estimated to be roughly 18,302 Indians who were overstaying illegally in Pakistan.^[5] According to Pakistani government figures in 1995, there were believed to be thousands of Indian immigrants living in Karachi, Sindh.^[6]^{[better source needed]}

In 2005, the Indian government acknowledged that there were 1,348 Indians in Pakistani jails, including civilians, captured fishermen, convicted criminals and prisoners of war.^[7] India has alleged that Dawood Ibrahim, a prominent Indian underworld don, resides in the Pakistani city of Karachi, although this claim has been rejected by Pakistan. Former President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf, stated that Ibrahim is "held in 'high esteem' by many in [Pakistan]".^[8] In 2008, the Indian foreign ministry advised its citizens to avoid travel to Pakistan after a series of mass-suicide bombings in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.^[9]^[10] As of 2013, there were 1,184 Indians serving prison sentences in Pakistani jails.^[11]

Notable individuals

Ravindra Kaushik, a RAW agent arrested in Pakistan
Kashmir Singh – Indian spy captured while operating in Pakistan (imprisoned 1973–2008)
Kulbhushan Jadhav – Ex Indian Navy officer captured near the Iran–Pakistan border; alleged to be involved in espionage and terrorism in Balochistan, Pakistan^[12]^[13]^[14]
Lakhbir Singh Rode – Indian national and Sikh separatist, member of the Khalistan Zindabad Force
Parminder Singh Saini – Indian national and Sikh separatist operating in Canada; sentenced to death in Pakistan (later commuted to 10 years)
Sarabjit Singh – Indian national convicted for terrorist activity and espionage in Pakistan (d. 2013)^[15]^[16]^[17]

References

^ "Indian community in Pakistan celebrates Diwali". The Times of India. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
^ "What it feels like being a Sikh in Pakistan". India Today. 31 August 1988.
^ Natesan, G.A. (1957). Indian Review, Volume 58. University of California: G.A. Natesan & Co. p. 415.
^ Bagri, Neha Thirani (7 March 2017). "There are more Indian migrants living in Pakistan than the United States". Quartz. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
^ India today, Volume 7. University of Virginia: Thomson Living Media India Ltd. 1982. p. 60.
^ Tohid, Owais; Mahmud, Arshad (29 November 1995). "Homeless In Karachi". Outlook India. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ Mahendra, Gaur (2008). Foreign Policy Annual. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 536–537. ISBN 978-8178353425.
^ "Dawood Ibrahim is held in high esteem in Pakistan: Musharraf". NDTV. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "Indians told Pakistan 'not safe' for them". Dawn. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "Avoid Pakistan travel, India tells citizens". 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
^ "1,184 Indians in Pak jails, says MEA". Times of India. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
^ "The Express Tribune". Watch: Kulbushan Jadhav's confession. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ "Timeline: How the Kulbhushan Jadhav saga unfolded". Dawn News. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ "Jadhav admits working for RAW during consular access". The Express Tribune. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
^ Web Edition (29 June 2012). "Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist: Surjeet". The News International 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2013. According to the testament of his fellow spy operatives, Surjeet Singh, confirming that Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist and terrorists are neither released by India nor Pakistan....
^ staff (2 May 2013). "Sarabjit Singh, how a terrorist becomes a hero". Voice of Journalist. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
^ "Sarabjit Singh: Indian 'spy' dies after Pakistan attack". BBC News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

[1] "Indian community in Pakistan celebrates Diwali". The Times of India. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2013.

[2] "What it feels like being a Sikh in Pakistan". India Today. 31 August 1988.

[3] Natesan, G.A. (1957). Indian Review, Volume 58. University of California: G.A. Natesan & Co. p. 415.

[4] Bagri, Neha Thirani (7 March 2017). "There are more Indian migrants living in Pakistan than the United States". Quartz. Retrieved 6 June 2022.

[5] India today, Volume 7. University of Virginia: Thomson Living Media India Ltd. 1982. p. 60.

[outlookindia-6] Tohid, Owais; Mahmud, Arshad (29 November 1995). "Homeless In Karachi". Outlook India. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

[7] Mahendra, Gaur (2008). Foreign Policy Annual. Gyan Publishing House. pp. 536–537. ISBN 978-8178353425.

[8] "Dawood Ibrahim is held in high esteem in Pakistan: Musharraf". NDTV. 16 November 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

[9] "Indians told Pakistan 'not safe' for them". Dawn. 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

[10] "Avoid Pakistan travel, India tells citizens". 27 December 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2012.

[11] "1,184 Indians in Pak jails, says MEA". Times of India. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2014.

[12] "The Express Tribune". Watch: Kulbushan Jadhav's confession. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.

[13] "Timeline: How the Kulbhushan Jadhav saga unfolded". Dawn News. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.

[14] "Jadhav admits working for RAW during consular access". The Express Tribune. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.

[The_News_International_2012-15] Web Edition (29 June 2012). "Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist: Surjeet". The News International 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2013. According to the testament of his fellow spy operatives, Surjeet Singh, confirming that Sarabjit Singh is a terrorist and terrorists are neither released by India nor Pakistan....

[Voice_of_Journalist-16] staff (2 May 2013). "Sarabjit Singh, how a terrorist becomes a hero". Voice of Journalist. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

[17] "Sarabjit Singh: Indian 'spy' dies after Pakistan attack". BBC News. 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.

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v t e India–Pakistan relations
Diplomatic posts	High Commissioners of India to Pakistan High Commission of Pakistan, New Delhi
Diplomacy	Karachi Agreement Jinnah–Mountbatten talks Liaquat–Nehru Pact Evacuee Trust Property Board Indus Waters Treaty Permanent Indus Commission Tashkent Declaration Simla Agreement Delhi Agreement Protocol on Visits to Religious Shrines 1974 Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline Lahore Declaration Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline Agra Summit Indo-Pak Joint Judicial Committee India–Pakistan maritime trespassing Sir Creek Mahavir/Sadqi International Parade Ground
Conflicts	Partition of India Kashmir conflict Indian Armed Forces in Jammu and Kashmir Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir Annexation of Junagadh Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948 Insurgency in Balochistan Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 Operation Gibraltar Custodian for Enemy Property for India Bangladesh Liberation War Indo-Pakistani war of 1971 Pakistani Instrument of Surrender Islamabad–New Delhi hotline POWs Line of Control NJ9842 Siachen conflict Operation Tupac Kargil War Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir Indian Army operations in Jammu and Kashmir 2008 Kashmir unrest 2010 Kashmir unrest 2016–2017 Kashmir unrest 2019–2021 lockdown Inter-Services Intelligence activities in India
Incidents	1947 Amritsar train massacre Indo-Pakistani water dispute of 1948 Sino-Pakistan Agreement Trans-Karakoram Tract 1959 Canberra shootdown 1971 Indian Airlines hijacking Kashmir Singh Samba spy scandal Indian Airlines Flight 423 Ravindra Kaushik Pan Am Flight 73 Operation Brasstacks Sarabjit Singh Sanaullah Haq 1992 India–Pakistan floods 1999 Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown Beheading of Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar 2001 Indian Parliament attack 2001–2002 standoff 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings 2008 Mumbai attacks 2008 military standoff 2011 border skirmishes Khaleel Chishty 2013 border skirmishes 2014–2015 border skirmishes 2014 India–Pakistan floods 2014 Wagah border suicide attack Kulbhushan Jadhav 2016 Pathankot attack 2016 Uri attack 2016 Indian Line of Control strike 2016–2018 border skirmishes 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 2019 Balakot airstrike 2019 Jammu and Kashmir airstrikes Media coverage 2020–2021 skirmishes 2021 Lahore bombing 2022 missile incident 2023 border skirmishes
Related	Border Wagah-Attari Attari–Wagah border ceremony Ganda Singh Wala-Hussainiwala Kartarpur Corridor Indians in Pakistan Pakistanis in India Anti-Indian sentiment Anti-Pakistan sentiment Illegal immigration to India East Bengali refugees Sports rivalries Cricket Field hockey Transport between India and Pakistan Delhi–Lahore Bus Jammu–Sialkot line Poonch-Rawalakot Bus Samjhauta Express Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus Thar Express Sind Mail Jinnah House Aaghaz-e-Dosti Aman ki Asha Indian reunification Indo-Pakistani Confederation Akhand Bharat Hindi–Urdu controversy Pakistani textbooks controversy Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project Nuclear arms race India and weapons of mass destruction Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts New Concept of War Fighting Cold Start Foodistan Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy Inspiration: Aman Ki Aasha tour
Category:India–Pakistan relations

History

Notable individuals

See also

References