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List of wars involving Pakistan

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History of Pakistan
Statue of an Indus priest or king found in Mohenjodaro, 1927
Timeline
Ancient
Classical
Medieval
Early modern
Modern
History of provinces

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has been involved in numerous armed conflicts, both domestically and internationally. Historically and presently, the primary focus of its military operations has been on neighboring India, with whom Pakistan has fought four major wars, as well as the Siachen conflict, frequent border skirmishes, and standoffs. The two nations have had a hostile and turbulent relationship since their independence from the United Kingdom and subsequent war over the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir in its entirety but have not exercised control over the entire region, which remains divided and contested between the two states by the Line of Control. The Kashmir conflict has seen extensive—albeit unsuccessful—intervention and mediation by the United Nations.

Pakistan has also had a turbulent relationship with neighbouring Afghanistan,[1] characterized by armed border skirmishes and periods of diplomatic tension. The Pakistani government has increased military activity along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border and built a border barrier to crack down on illegal immigration, militancy,[2] and smuggling.[3][4]

Outside of its home region of South Asia, Pakistan has also engaged in international conflicts in the Middle East and Africa as part of larger coalitions, and remains one of the largest contributors of troops to various United Nations peacekeeping missions. The country was designated as a major non-NATO ally by the United States in 2004,[5] and has participated extensively in the American-led War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks.

List

This is a list of wars. For a list of military engagements and battles within wars, See Outline of Pakistan military history for additional information.
Conflict Pakistan
and allies 		Opponents Results
Indonesian War of Independence
(1945–1949) 		 Indonesia

Supported by:

 Australia (after 1946)[6]

 United States (from 1949)[7]

India (after 1947)[8]

 Pakistan[9][10](support started even before independence)

 Netherlands

 United Kingdom (until 1946)

Japan (until 1946)

Supported by:

 Australia (until 1946)

Internal Conflict:

Darul Islam
People's Democratic Front

Victory

Indonesian independence from the Netherlands.

First Indo-Pakistani War
(1947–1948)[11][12] 		 Pakistan
 Azad Kashmir
Furqan Force
State of Swat[13]
Indian National Army[14] 		 India
Jammu and Kashmir 		Ceasefire[15]
  • Partitioning of Kashmir between India and Pakistan
Waziristan rebellion (1948–1954)
  Pakistan Faqir of Ipi's forces

Supported by
Afghanistan[16][17][18]
 India[17][19]
 Soviet Union[20][21]
(alleged)

Victory

Failure to foment an extensive uprising[22]

  • Support for rebellion slowly diminishes[23][24]
  • Commander of rebellion surrenders[25][26]
  • End of Insurrection[25]
First Balochistan conflict
(1948)[27][28] 		 Pakistan Kalat insurgents Victory[28]
  • Defeat of the insurgents
Korean War(1950–1953)[29][30]

 South Korea

United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Turkey
 Australia
 Philippines
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 France
 Colombia
 Belgium
 South Africa
 Netherlands
 Luxembourg

Supported by:

 North Korea

 China
 Soviet Union

Supported by:

Stalemate[33]
  • Formation of the DMZ
Second Balochistan conflict
(1958–1959)[34] 		 Pakistan Kalat insurgents Victory[35]
Bajaur Campaign[36][37]  Pakistan
Supported by:
 United States (alleged)[38][39] 		 Afghanistan
Pashtun Nationalists
Supported by:
 Soviet Union (alleged) 		Victory
Third Balochistan conflict
(1963–1969)[40] 		 Pakistan Parrari
PFAR
BLF
Bugti militia
Supported by:
Afghanistan[41]
Iraq Iraq[42]
 Syria[42] 		Victory
Second Indo-Pakistani War
(1965) 		 Pakistan
Supported by:
 China[44]
 Iran[45]
 Turkey[45]
 Saudi Arabia[45]
 Indonesia[46] 		 India Stalemate
Al-Wadiah War
(1969)[48]

 Saudi Arabia
 Pakistan[49][50]

 South Yemen Victory
  • al-Wadiah reoccupied by Saudi forces[51]
Black September
(1970–1971) 		 Jordan

Foreign involvement:

Palestine Liberation Organization PLO
 Syria 		Victory
  • PLO driven out to Lebanon, Syrian raid repelled
Bangladesh Liberation War
(From March 1971)
& Third Indo-Pakistani War
(From Dec 1971) 		 Pakistan

Supported by:
 USA[54][55]
 UK[54]
 China[56][54]
 Iran[57][58]
 Ceylon[59][60][61]
 Saudi Arabia[62]
 Jordan[63]
Libya[64]

 India
Bangladesh Bangladesh
(Provisional Government)

Supported by:
 Soviet Union[65]

Defeat
Fourth Balochistan Conflict
(1973–1978)[66][67] 		 Pakistan
Iran

Supported by:
 United States[68][69]
 Oman[70] 		Baloch separatists
Pashtun Zalmay[71]
Supported by:
Afghanistan[72][73][74][page needed]
 India[71]
Iraq[75]
 Soviet Union[76]
PFLP[77] 		Victory[78]
Dir rebellion
(1976) 		 Pakistan Dir rebels Victory
Soviet–Afghan War
(1979–1989)[81] 		Afghan Mujahideen
 Pakistan 		 Soviet Union
Afghanistan Afghanistan 		Victory[82]
Sri Lankan Civil War
(1983–2009) 		 Sri Lanka
 Pakistan[83][84][85]
 India (1987–1990)

Further support:

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Supported by:
 India (until 1987)

Victory
Siachen conflict
(1984–2003) 		 Pakistan  India Defeat
Second Afghan Civil War
(1989–1992) 		Afghan Mujahideen rebels
Afghan Interim Government[86][87]

Khalq (1990)[89]
Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (from July 1989)[86]
Afghanistan Junbish-i Milli (from 1992)

Foreign Mujahideen:

Various factions also fought among each other

Supported by:
Pakistan Pakistan[90][91][92]

Afghan PDPA Government
Supported by:
Soviet Union Soviet Union (until 1991)
Commonwealth of Independent States Commonwealth of Independent States (from 1991)[93]

India India

Victory

Interim Afghan Government victory

Gulf War[94]
(1990–1991) 		 Kuwait
 United States
 United Kingdom
 France
 Saudi Arabia
 Egypt
Coalition:
 Iraq Victory[97]
Afghan Civil War
(1992–1996) 		 Taliban (from late 1994)

Khalq (pro Taliban factions, from late 1994)
 Al-Qaeda (from early 1996)
Supported by:
 Pakistan[98][99]

 Islamic State of Afghanistan

Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Uzbekistan (until Jan. 1994; from Aug. 1994)
 Iran (until Dec. 1992)

Victory

Taliban victory

Afghan Civil War
(1996–2001) 		Afghanistan Islamic Emirate
(Taliban)
 Pakistan
Al-Qaeda 		Afghanistan Islamic State
(Northern Alliance) 		Stalemate
  • Taliban controls up to 85% of Afghanistan including Kabul
Kargil War
(1999) 		 Pakistan  India Defeat
War in North-West Pakistan

First Phase:- (16 March 2004–22 February 2017)[106][107]

Drone war
(2004–2018)

Part of the war on terror and the War in North-West Pakistan

Location: Pakistan
MQ-1 Predator drones typically used in covert bombing operations in Pakistan.
  Pakistan

 United States
(Only Drone-strikes)

 Pakistan[108][109]

 United States[110][111][112]

Supported by:

Taliban

Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan

ISIL-aligned groups

 Islamic State

Victory[117]

United States-Allied Victory

  • 430 drone strikes confirmed[122]
  • 81 high-level insurgent leaders and thousands of low-level insurgents killed[123]
  • Large number of insurgents killed while some fled to Afghanistan[124]
  • Most recent drone strike launched in January 2018[125]
Fifth Balochistan Conflict
(2004–present)[126] 		 Pakistan BLA
BLF
LeB
 BLUF
 BSO (Azad)
BNA (2022–2023)
BRA (2006–2022)
UBA (2013–2022)

Sectarian groups
Ansar Al-Furqan (since 2013)
Jaish ul-Adl (since 2012)
Harakat Ansar (2012–13)
Hizbul-Furqan (2012–13)[127]
Jundallah (2003–12)[128]
Islamic State (2015-present)[129]
IS-KP (until 2019)[130]
IS-PP (since 2019)[131]
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (since 2007)
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[132]
Sipah-e-Sahaba[132]

Ongoing[133][134]
War in Iraq
(2013–2017) 		 Iraq
Peshmerga
Sinjar Alliance

CJTF–OIR

 Iran
Hezbollah

Further support:-

ISIL
Ansar al-Islam
SCJL
Naqshbandi Army
Mujahideen Army 		Victory
  • Iraqi territorial integrity preserved
  • ISIL expelled from all strongholds in Iraq[140]
War in North-West Pakistan

Second Phase:- ( 23 February 2017 – present)[141][142][143]

 Pakistan
 United States[110][111][112]

Afghanistan Taliban (major in the Durand Line border skirmishes)[144][145]

ISIL-aligned groups

 Islamic State

Ongoing
  • Heavy insurgent losses and substantial reduction in insurgent activity[146][147][148]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ claimed neutrality
  2. ^ Until 2020, when it re-merged into the TTP.[113]
  3. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2007.
  4. ^ Collaboration with the TTP in 2015.
  1. ^ Both the Korean conflict and the 1991 Persian Gulf War involved more troops, but were essentially U.S.-initiated military coalitions that won U.N. Security Council approval. UNOC forces were drawn from such countries as Burma, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Liberia, Malaya, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sweden and Tunisia. The United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and Canada provided funding and air transport. The total cost of the four-year operation was $400 million.Pg.244.[32]

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  120. ^ Roul, A. (2016). How Operation Zarb-e-Azb Changed Pakistan's Tribal Areas. Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor, 14(12), 5–7. – Discusses gains made by Pakistan army in previously uncontrolled tribal areas during the operation.
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Sources

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