List of sovereign states in the 1890s
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This is a list of sovereign states in the 1890s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1890 and 31 December 1899. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
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Sovereign states
[edit]Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | ||
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A[edit] | |||
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Abuja – Abuja Emirate Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Cidade do Acre |
De facto independent state from July 14, 1899. | ||
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Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[2] Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain. | ||
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Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[4] Capital: Angoche |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Buenos Aires | |||
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![]() Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Aussa |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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B[edit] | |||
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Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi[9] (to September 20, 1897) Capital: Massenya (to 1893), Chekna (from 1893 to 1897) |
Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. Annexed by France on September 20, 1897. | ||
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![]() Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali. | ||
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Baol – Kingdom of Baol[11] (to 1895) Capital: Diourbel |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1895. | ||
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![]() Capital: Mongu |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899. | ||
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![]() Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Edo |
Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 18, 1897. | ||
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Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Punakha |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Biu – Biu Kingdom Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)
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Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Nunue, Vaitape |
Widely recognized state to September 21, 1895. Annexed by France on September 21, 1895. | ||
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![]() Capital: Ngazargamu |
Widely recognized state to 1893. Annexed by France in 1893. | ||
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Brakna – Brakna Emirate Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Rio de Janeiro |
Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a] | ||
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![]() Capital: Mengo, Uganda |
Widely recognized state to 1894. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1894. | ||
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![]() Capital: Sofia |
De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. | ||
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![]() Capital: Hoima |
Widely recognized state to 1899. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899. | ||
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Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi[19] (to July 1, 1890) Capital: Gitega, Bujumbura |
Widely recognized state to July 1, 1890. Annexed by Germany on July 1, 1890. | ||
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![]() Capital: Bugembe |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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C[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm. | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Amapala
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A Political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua until November 21, 1898.[20] | ||
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![]() Capital: Champasak |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. | ||
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![]() Capital: Santiago
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Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Beijing |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Bogota |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Boma |
Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. | ||
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![]() Capital: San Jose |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Chania |
Widely recognized state. Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire. | ||
D[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Abomey |
Widely recognized state to January 20, 1894. Annexed by France on January 20, 1894. | ||
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Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[23] Capital: N'Délé |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga to 1890. Vassal state of Rabih az-Zubayr from 1890. | ||
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![]() Capital: Al Fashir |
Widely recognized state from 1898. | ||
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Dendi – Dendi Kingdom Capital: Lulami |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
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![]() Capital: Dhale |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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E[edit] | |||
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Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized state to September 15, 1896, and from November 21, 1898.Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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F[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Paris |
Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
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![]() ![]() Capital: Timbo |
Widely recognized state to November 18, 1896. Annexed by France on November 18, 1896. | ||
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G[edit] | |||
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Gaza – Gaza Empire (to 1895) Capital: Manjacaze |
Widely recognized state to 1895. Annexed by Portugal in 1895. | ||
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Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
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![]() Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman (to 1895) Capital: Sampa, Drobo |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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H[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Honolulu
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Widely recognized state to August 12, 1898. Annexed by the United States on August 12, 1898. | ||
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![]() Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. | ||
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![]() Capital: Huahine |
Annexed by France on September 15, 1895. | ||
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![]() Capital: Baltit |
Widely recognized state to 1892. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1892. | ||
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I[edit] | |||
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Igala – Igala Kingdom Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
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![]() Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
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J[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Tokyo City |
Widely recognized independent state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
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K[edit] | |||
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Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa (to September 11, 1897) Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha |
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Kajara – Kajara Kingdom
Capital: Not specified |
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![]() Capital: Takai |
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Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom
Capital: Not specified |
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Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate Capital: Argungu |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom (to May 1, 1898) Capital: Sikasso |
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Kong – Kong Empire (to 1895) Capital: Kong |
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![]() Capital: Mbanza-Kongo |
Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal. | ||
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![]() ![]() Capital: Hanseong
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Tributary state of the Qing dynasty to 1894. Widely recognized independent state from October 12, 1897. | ||
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Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya (to August 31, 1896) Capital: Grand Cape Mount |
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L[edit] | |||
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Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom Capital: Lafia |
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![]() Capital: Monrovia |
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![]() Capital: Vaduz |
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Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (to 1891) Capital: Saqqa |
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![]() Capital: Jaʿār |
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![]() Capital: Luxembourg City |
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M[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Kuta Watu |
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Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur (to 1891) Capital: Imphal |
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Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi (to 1891) Capital: Manthimba |
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Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom Capital: Bulawayo |
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Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Antananarivo |
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![]() Capital: Mexico City |
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![]() Capital: Monaco |
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![]() Capital: Cetinje |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Fes |
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Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire (to 1896) Capital: Multiple capitals |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire: | ||
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![]() Capital: Muscat |
De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate. | ||
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Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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N[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Seremban |
Federated in to the Federated Malay States from 1895. | ||
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![]() Capital: Kathmandu |
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![]() Capital: Amsterdam |
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Managua |
Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. | ||
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![]() Capital: Christiania |
In personal union between Sweden until December 15, 1899. Union badge removed on December 15, 1899 | ||
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O[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Bloemfontein |
Independent Boer sovereign republic under the British suzerainty in South Africa. | ||
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Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Constantinople |
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P[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Asunción |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Tehran |
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![]() Capital: Lima
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![]() Capital: Several temporary capitals |
De facto independent state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Lisbon |
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R[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Bucharest |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Saint Petersburg |
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S[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Apia |
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![]() Capital: San Marino |
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![]() Capital: Belgrade |
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![]() Capital: Kota Mambang Segara |
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![]() Capital: Bangkok |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are vassal states of Siam:
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![]() Capital: Sokoto |
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![]() Capital: Madrid |
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![]() Capital: Maimbung |
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![]() Capital: Stockholm |
In personal union between Norway until December 15, 1899. | ||
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![]() Capital: Bern |
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T[edit] | |||
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Tagant – Emirate of Tagant Capital: Tidjikja |
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![]() Capital: Nuku'alofa |
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Toro – Toro Kingdom (from August 14, 1891) Capital: Kabarole |
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Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire (to 1890) Capital: Segou |
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![]() Capital: Pretoria |
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Trarza – Emirate of Trarza Capital: Mederdra |
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Tui Manuʻa – Tui Manuʻa Confederacy Capital: Fitiuta |
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U[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: London |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
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![]() ![]() ![]() Capital: Washington D.C. |
Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
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Upper Aulaqi Sultanate Capital: Nişāb |
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Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom Capital: Sa'id |
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![]() Capital: Mahjaba |
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![]() Capital: Montevideo |
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V[edit] | |||
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![]() Capital: Caracas |
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W[edit] | |||
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Wadai – Wadai Empire Capital: Abéché |
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![]() Capital: Habban |
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Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq Capital: Tosora |
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![]() Capital: Bissandugu |
Annexed by France on September 29, 1898 | ||
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Wolaita – Kingdom of Wolaita (to November 1894) Capital: Lasho, Dalbo, Sodo |
Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1894 | ||
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Wukari – Wukari Federation Capital: Wukari |
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Y[edit] | |||
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Yamma – Kingdom of Yamma (to 1894) Capital: Fofa |
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Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (to 1891) Capital: Bunkeya |
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Z[edit] | |||
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Zabarma – Zabarma Emirate (to 1897) Capital: Not specified |
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![]() ![]() Capital: Stone Town |
Widely recognized state to 1 July 1890. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 1 July 1890. | ||
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States claiming sovereignty[edit] | |||
![]() Capital: Kutaraja |
Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. | ||
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![]() Capital: San Miguel |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Counani |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Taipei |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Lado |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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Loreto – Federal State of Loreto (from 2 May to 10 July 1896) Capital: Iquitos |
Unrecognised self-proclaimed federated state within Peru | ||
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![]() Capital: Omdurman |
Unrecognized state. Annexed by Sudan on September 2, 1898 | ||
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![]() Capital: Corumba |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Bacólod |
Unrecognized state. Constituent of the Federal State of the Visayas from 1898 to 1899. | ||
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![]() Capital: Mbabane |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: Morong |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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![]() Capital: None |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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Zamboanga – Republic of Zamboanga (from May 18 to November 16, 1898) Capital: Zamboanga City |
Unrecognized state. | ||
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Notes
[edit]- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from April 30, 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.
References
[edit]- ^ "Acre and its Robber; Cause of the Establishment of the New Republic. The Conflicting Interests of Brazil and Bolivia -- Millions Involved -- Population Not Over 10,000". The New York Times. 1900-11-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, November 3, 2021, retrieved 2021-11-17
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Argentina", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-11-16, retrieved 2021-11-19
- ^ "Asante empire". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
- ^ The rough guide to Bali & Lombok by Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout p.298
- ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 424–425.
- ^ "Belgium", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-21, retrieved 2022-02-06
- ^ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018), "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)", Benin Studies, Routledge, pp. 76–128, doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4, ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4, S2CID 159119713, retrieved 27 January 2023
- ^ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
- ^ Hudson, Rex A. Brazil: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997, pg.22
- ^ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Kingdom of Burundi". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ Slade, William F. (1917). "The Federation of Central America". The Journal of Race Development. 8 (2): 210–215. doi:10.2307/29738239. hdl:2027/inu.30000056731338. JSTOR 29738239.
- ^ Kitromilides M. Paschalis (ed) Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, Edinburgh University Press, 2008 p. 68.
- ^ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
- ^ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.
- ^ Note: The country had a Dictatorial government and a Revolutionary government prior to its establishment as a sovereign state.