Jump to content

Nguyễn Phú Trọng

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Nguyen Phu Trong)
In this Vietnamese name, the surname is Nguyễn. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Trọng.

Nguyễn Phú Trọng
General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
In office
19 January 2011 – 19 July 2024
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
Succeeded byTô Lâm
Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party
In office
19 January 2011 – 19 July 2024
Deputy
Preceded byNông Đức Mạnh
Succeeded byTô Lâm
10th President of Vietnam
In office
23 October 2018 – 5 April 2021
Prime MinisterNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Vice PresidentĐặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh
Preceded byTrần Đại Quang
Succeeded byNguyễn Xuân Phúc
Additional positions
Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam
In office
26 June 2006 – 23 July 2011
Preceded byNguyễn Văn An
Succeeded byNguyễn Sinh Hùng
Secretary of the Hanoi Party Committee
In office
6 January 2000 – 26 June 2006
Preceded byLê Xuân Tùng
Succeeded byPhạm Quang Nghị
Personal details
Born(1944-04-14)14 April 1944
Đông Anh, Tonkin, French Indochina
Died19 July 2024(2024-07-19) (aged 80)
Hanoi, Vietnam
Resting placeMai Dich Cemetery
Political partyCommunist Party of Vietnam
SpouseNgô Thị Mận
Children
  • Nguyễn Trọng Trường (son)
  • Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngọc (daughter)
Alma materUniversity of Hanoi
National Academy of Public Administration
Soviet Academy of Sciences
Occupation
  • Politician
  • professor
SignatureSignature of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyen Phu Trong signature

Nguyễn Phú Trọng (Vietnamese: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ fu˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ] ⓘ new-yen foo chong;[1] 14 April 1944 – 19 July 2024) was a Vietnamese politician and communist theorist who served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 2011 until his death in 2024. As the head of the party's Secretariat, Politburo and Central Military Commission, Trọng was considered Vietnam's paramount leader.[2] From 2018 to 2021, he also served concurrently as the tenth president of Vietnam.[3]

A conservative Marxist–Leninist, Trọng joined the Communist Party of Vietnam in 1967 and rose through the section devoted to political work. He later joined the party's Central Committee in 1994, its Politburo in 1997 and Vietnam's National Assembly in 2002. Between 2000 and 2006, he was the Party Secretary for Hanoi, effectively the city's highest-ranking position. He served as Chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011.[3]

Trọng rose to the general secretaryship at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011 and was re-elected at the 12th National Congress in 2016. He became state president in 2018 following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, becoming the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. At the 13th National Congress in 2021, he was re-elected as general secretary, becoming the third leader of Vietnam to secure a third term (after Hồ Chí Minh and Lê Duẩn), and was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as president.[3]

During his tenure, Trọng pursued a wide anti-corruption campaign, implicating numerous senior officials to a degree unprecedented in Vietnamese political history. His foreign policy, known as bamboo diplomacy, sought to balance Vietnam's relations with both the United States and China. He presided over a period of rapid economic growth. Trọng is considered one of the most influential Vietnamese leaders since Hồ Chí Minh.[4][additional citation(s) needed]

Early life and career

[edit]
Trọng in 2006

Nguyễn Phú Trọng was born in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh district of Hanoi, in 1944. His official biography gives his family background only as "average peasant".[5] He studied philology and earned his Bachelor degree in philology at Vietnam National University, Hanoi, from 1963 to 1967. Trọng joined the Communist Party of Vietnam on December 19, 1967.[6]

Trọng worked for the Tạp chí Cộng Sản (Communist Review), the theoretical and political agency of the Communist Party of Vietnam (formerly the Labor Party) in the periods of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996. From 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course at the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration). From 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of the Tạp chí Cộng Sản. Trọng went to the Soviet Union in 1981 to study at the Academy of Sciences and received a Candidate of Sciences degree in history in 1983.[7] In 1992, Nguyen Phu Trong was promoted to Associate Professor and in 2002 was promoted to Professor.[8]

From 1998 to 2001, Trọng was the Vice Chairman of the Central Theoretical Council of the Communist Party of Vietnam, then becoming the chairman of the Theoretical Council until 2006.[9] Trọng was a member of the party's Central Committee from January 1994, the party's Politburo from December 1997 and deputy to the National Assembly from May 2002. From January 2000 to June 2006, Trọng was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, the de facto head of the city authority. On 26 June 2006, Trọng was elected as the Chairman of the National Assembly.[10] During this period, he was elected secretary of the party organization in the National Assembly and member of the Council for Defence and Security.

General Secretaryship

[edit]

First term (2011–2016)

[edit]
Further information: 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 13th National Assembly of Vietnam

Trọng was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2011 at the 11th National Congress, making him the top leader of Vietnam.[11][12][13][14] The 5th plenum of the 11th Central Committee decided to take the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption away from the Prime Minister's control and Trọng was elected its head.[15][16]

Domestic policy

[edit]

In 2012, he urged the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) to adopt Resolution No. 12, which called for party building and self-criticism amongst party officials, calling them to lead by example and be held accountable for corruption and waste.[17] Afterwards, the Central Steering Committee on Anti-corruption was directly placed under the administration of the Politburo. He further passed the Decision 244 of the CPV, establishing a formalized process of political succession and restricting the ability of CPV delegates to select new Central Committee members by requiring the outgoing Central Committee to approve the candidates. It also prohibited Politburo members from nominating Central Committee candidates without support from the Politburo.[17]

Foreign policy

[edit]
China
[edit]

On 11 October 2011, he made his first visit to China as General Secretary. According to the Vietnamese state news media, Hu Jintao and Trọng both agreed to avoid escalating the situation in the South China Sea and to handle disagreements through peaceful negotiations. In December 2011, then-Vice President of China Xi Jinping visited Vietnam to "concretize" the results of the October discussions between Trọng and Hu. In 2015, Trọng paid a state visit to China, where he met President Xi Jinping.[18]

United States
[edit]
Barack Obama talking to Trọng in 2015

On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Trọng arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to 10 July 2015. This visit coincided with the milestone of twenty years since the United States and Vietnam normalized diplomatic relations. The talks with President Barack Obama were about human rights, security and defense and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[19][20] Trọng was the first Vietnamese party chief to make a state visit to the United States. He also met Vice President Biden and former president Clinton.[21] At a talk at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, he spoke frankly about democracy in Vietnam with American scholars.[22]

India
[edit]
Trọng laying a wreath at the Samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi during his visit to India in 2013

On 20 November 2013, Trọng paid an official visit to India. This State-level visit to India also aims to contribute to strengthening Vietnam-India relations, bringing the strategic partnership between the two countries to a new level, more substantive and more effective.[23]

Russia
[edit]

During Trọng's first term, Vietnam and Russia upgraded their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2012.[24] Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Vietnam abstained from voting to declare the annexation through a referendum invalid at the United Nations.[25]

Second term (2016–2021)

[edit]
Further information: 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 14th National Assembly of Vietnam

On 27 January 2016, Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee.[26][27]

In his second term, Trọng launched a large anti-corruption campaign, with the Politburo taking disciplinary actions against 110 senior Party members between 2017 and 2020, including three Politburo members, one former Politburo member, 10 Central Committee members and 17 former Central Committee members. Some of the disciplinary actions included criminal charges.[17]

Anti-corruption campaign

[edit]
Main article: Corruption in Vietnam § Government anti-corruption efforts

After being reelected as General Secretary in 2016, Trọng launched a large-scale campaign against corruption. The campaign has resulted in thousands of high-ranking officials being disciplined, imprisoned, and forced to resign from positions in the government, including the president Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, who resigned after several of his subordinates were involved in corruption scandals.[28] He compared this campaign to a burning furnace ("đốt lò"), hence the name Burning Furnace Campaign (Chiến dịch Đốt Lò). The campaign is considered by observers to be an effort by the Party to regain power and prestige as well as strengthen people's trust in the government and the Party's leadership.[29] Especially during his third term, Trọng's government handled many notable corruption cases, such as Việt Á scandal and the 304 trillion dong (12 billion USD) Van Thinh Phat Holdings Group case.[30][31]

Presidency (2018–2021)

[edit]
Trọng with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Sochi, Russia, 6 September 2018
Trọng and US president Donald Trump in front of a statue of Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh, 27 February 2019
Trọng meeting with Argentine president Mauricio Macri in Hanoi, 2019

Trọng visited China in January 2017, where Beijing and Hanoi signed 15 cooperation documents in various fields and issued a 10-point joint communiqué to deepen Sino-Vietnamese relations.[32] According to state media, the two leaders pledged to continue the "friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive cooperation, long-term stability, towards the future" between China and Vietnam.[33] In November 2017, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President Xi Jinping paid a return visit to Vietnam, where the two sides discussed renewed cooperation on production capacity, energy, cross-border economic cooperation zones, e-commerce, human resources, economy and trade, finance, culture, health, information, social sciences and border defense.[34][35]

On 23 October 2018, Trọng was elected as the 10th President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a seasonal meeting of National Assembly.[36]

Trọng met Donald Trump in February 2019 during the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit. On 3 October 2018, following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, the Central Committee of the CPV formally nominated Trọng for the presidency, which was voted on at a subsequent session of the National Assembly, where the party holds an overwhelming majority.[37][38] This made Trọng the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. The National Assembly elected Trọng as the 10th president on 23 October 2018 with 99.79% percent of the vote in a meeting of the sixth session of the National Assembly. His swearing-in ceremony took place at the Grand Hall and was broadcast live on the afternoon on state radio and television systems.[39]

In 2019, Vietnam was chosen to host the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit.[40] Trọng met two leaders as a neutral host state leader.[41][42]

On 14 April 2019, it was reported that Trọng had been rushed to the Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City after visiting Kiên Giang, according to overseas news sources.[43] He was rumoured to have suffered a stroke.[44] The Vietnamese government initially had no comment on the subject matter, but later confirmed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam that he was "unwell, but will soon return to work".[45] He reappeared on 14 May 2019 to discuss about the upcoming Party Congress.[46]

Third term (2021–2024)

[edit]
Further information: 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam and 15th National Assembly of Vietnam

On 31 January 2021, Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary for a third term by the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, making him the first leader since Lê Duẩn (1969–1986) to serve more than two terms.[27][47] On 1 February 2021, Trọng attended a press conference. Trọng said:

I am not in great health [...] I am old and I want to rest, but the Congress has elected me so I will comply with my duty to serve as a party member.[48]

Trọng was the first person to be elected as CPV general secretary for a third term since 1986.[49]

The National Assembly on 2 April 2021 voted to relieve Trọng’s presidency with 91.25% of the vote. Trọng remained de facto top leader in the country, serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.[50] He was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc.[51]

When the Russian invasion of Ukraine broke out in February 2022, Vietnam maintained a neutral stance, abstaining from voting at most United Nations voting sessions on resolutions related to the invasion.[52][53] Between 30 October and 2 November, Trọng visited China and met Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping, becoming the first foreign leader to meet Xi after he secured a third term in the 20th CCP National Congress.[54] Both leaders released a joint statement, calling for cooperation in economic, political, defense and security areas and working together in "the fight against terrorism, 'peaceful evolution', 'colour revolution' and the politicisation of human rights issues".[54] Xi paid a reciprocal visit a year later in December 2023 to Hanoi.[55][56] During Xi's 2023 visit, the two leaders agreed to build "a community of shared future for humankind", months after Hanoi upgraded its formal relations with the United States.[57]

In January 2023, Phúc resigned from the presidency due to corruption scandals, leading Trọng's ally Võ Văn Thưởng to succeed him in March.[58] From 21 to 23 May 2023, the deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, and former president and prime minister, Dmitry Medvedev, visited Vietnam and met with Trọng. They discussed the strengthening of ties between Russia and Vietnam and the current international situation.[59] During a visit to Vietnam on 10 September 2023, U.S. president Joe Biden visited with Trọng, with the Vietnamese government upgrading the relationship between the countries to that of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, the highest awarded by Vietnam.[60][61]

On 19 June 2024, Russian president Vladimir Putin visited Vietnam and met with Trọng.[62] Putin thanked Vietnam for its "balanced position" on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[63]

  • Trọng with Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida in 2022
    Trọng with Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida in 2022
  • Trọng with Chinese president Xi Jinping in October 2022
    Trọng with Chinese president Xi Jinping in October 2022
  • Trọng with U.S. president Joe Biden in September 2023
    Trọng with U.S. president Joe Biden in September 2023
  • Trọng with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Hanoi, June 2024. It was his last public appearance.
    Trọng with Russian president Vladimir Putin in Hanoi, June 2024. It was his last public appearance.

Political positions

[edit]
Trọng with President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso in 2013

Ideologically, Trọng was considered to be coming from the more traditional Marxist–Leninist faction within the CPV.[64] He long railed against some party members' loss of "Marxist–Leninist virtue".[65] Trọng stated that "a country without discipline would be chaotic and unstable [...]. We need to balance democracy and law and order".[66] He criticized Western democracy in a book in 2022, writing that "The reality is that the democratic institutions according to the ‘liberal democracy’ formula that the West tries to promote and impose on the world do not ensure that power truly belongs to the people, by the people and for the people.".[67]

"We need a society in which development is truly for people, not for profit that exploits and tramples on human dignity. We need economic development coupled with progress and social justice, not increasing the gap between rich and poor and social inequality. (...) And we need a political system where power truly belongs to the people, by the people and serves the interests of the people, not just a wealthy few." According to Trọng's article in 2022, discussing socialist-oriented democracy.[68]

Personal life

[edit]

Trọng was married to Ngô Thị Mận.[69] He had a daughter, Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngọc (born in 1973), and a son, Nguyễn Trọng Trường (born in 1976),[70][71] both of whom work as government employees.[72]

Death

[edit]
Trọng's last publicized image during Putin's state visit to Vietnam in June 20, 2024.
Trọng's death photo

On 18 July 2024, Trọng was replaced on a caretaker basis as General Secretary of the CPV by President Tô Lâm due to ill health.[73] Trọng died at 13:38 (local time) on 19 July 2024 at Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi, at the age of 80. State media, citing information from the CPV's Board of Health Protection and Care for Central Officials (Hội đồng chuyên môn bảo vệ sức khỏe cán bộ Trung ương), stated that he died "after a period of illness".[74][75][76] His death was announced to the public at around 18:00 (UTC+07:00).[77][78][3] The Vietnamese and Lao governments declared an official mourning period for 25 and 26 July.[79] Tô Lâm became interim General Secretary upon Trong's death.[80]

Messages of condolences were sent from 130 countries and 32 organizations, including the leaders of Laos, Cambodia, China, Russia, Belarus, Cuba, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, India, North Korea, South Korea, Turkmenistan, the United States, Japan, Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Canada, the United Kingdom and others.[81][82][83][84][85][86] Additionally, the United States' ambassador to Vietnam, Marc Knapper, also released a statement of condolences.[87] The Cuban government declared three days of state mourning.[88][89]

Trọng's remains lie in state in the National Funeral Home.

U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres spoke of Trọng as "a pivotal figure in Vietnam's recent history," emphasizing that under his leadership, Vietnam has emerged as one of the world's fastest-growing economies and a vital partner of the United Nations.[90][91] European Union ambassador to Vietnam Julien Guerrier issued a statement of condolences, stating that Trọng's "commitment and dedication to the nation have left an indelible mark on Vietnam’s history and development" and Trọng "played a pivotal role in strengthening Vietnam’s position on the global stage and fostering meaningful partnerships with the international community."[92]

Several activities to mourn Trọng were organized during the week of 22 and 28 July 2024. A state funeral was held on 25 and 26 July, culminating with Trọng's burial at the Mai Dịch Cemetery on 26 July at 15:00 (UTC+7).[93][94] Among those who attended were representatives of over 20 countries and organizations, including the Laotian President Thongloun Sisoulith, South Korean Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, former Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga and European Commission Vice President Josep Borrell. Other senior officials from China, Cuba, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Russia and many others were presented as well.[95] In addition, the US Secretary of State Antony Blinken also went to Vietnam to visit and condoles Trọng's family on 27 July 2024.[96]

Legacy

[edit]

In an article for The Washington Post, journalist Rebecca Tan called Trọng's leadership of Vietnam a period of strong transformation which opened Vietnam's economy and attracted investment and economic cooperation with many countries while at the same time, tightened the Communist Party of Vietnam's leadership over society, including pressuring technology companies like Meta to restrict freedom of expression in social media platforms.[97] Due to the increase in stifling of press freedom in Vietnam under his tenure, Reporters Without Borders included Trọng among the list of press freedom predators since 2011.[98]

Honours

[edit]

State honours

[edit]

Vietnam

Foreign

Other honours

[edit]

Published works

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng; Tran Dinh Nghiem; Vu Hien (1995). Vietnam from 1986 (Việt Nam từ năm 1986). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 116 p.[106]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2004). Viet Nam on The Path of Renewal (Việt Nam Trọng Tiến Trình Đổi Mới). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 351 p.[107]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2015). Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality (Đổi Mới ở Việt Nam: Lý thuyết và thực tiễn). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 397 p.[108]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2019) Determined to prevent and fight corruption (Quyết tâm ngăn chặn và đẩy lùi tham nhũng), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 380 p.[109]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2021) Bringing the country into a new phase in a united and confident manner (Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 752 p.[110]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2021) The whole Party and people join hands and unite to build our country more and more prosperous and happy (Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc). Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher (2021), 608 p.[111]
  • Nguyen Phu Trọng (2023) Resolutely and persistently fight against corruption and negativity, contributing to building an increasingly clean and strong Party and State (Kiên quyết, kiên trì đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực, góp phần xây dựng Đảng và Nhà nước ta ngày càng Trọng sạch, vững mạnh. Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 600 p.[112]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Vietnam's Communist Party Meets to Pick Nation's Leaders". Voice of America. 21 January 2016.
  2. ^ "Vietnam Communist Party boss Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected". BBC News. 27 January 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d Wee, Sui-Lee (19 July 2024). "Nguyen Phu Trong, Powerful Vietnamese Leader, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  4. ^ Boudreau, John; Nguyen, Dieu Tu Uyen; Nguyen, Xuan Quynh (19 July 2024). "Vietnam's Most Powerful Leader, Party Chief Trong, Dies". Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 19 July 2024. Arguably the country's most influential leader since Ho Chi Minh, Trong oversaw a vast economic expansion including deeper ties with both China and a former foe, the US.
  5. ^ "Biography of Party General Secretary, President Nguyễn Phú Trọng". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  6. ^ "A lifetime of dedication: Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng's legacy of service and integrity". vietnamnews.vn. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  7. ^ Нгуен Фу Чонг – Деятельность Коммунистической партии Вьетнама по укреплению ее связи с массами на современном этапе : с учетом опыта КПСС : диссертация ... кандидата исторических наук : 07.00.14 – Search RSL. search.rsl.ru (Thesis) (in Russian). 1983. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  8. ^ "Nguyễn Phú Trọng Profile". GOV.vn (in Vietnamese). 25 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Biography of Vietnam General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong: Positions and Working History". vietnamtimes.org.vn. 11 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  10. ^ "Vietnam confirms new leadership", BBC, 27 June 2006.
  11. ^ Vietnam: Foreign Policy and Government Guide International Business Publications, USA. – 2007– Page 8 "General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh – President Nguyễn Minh Triết – Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng – National Assembly Chairman Nguyễn Phú Trọng"
  12. ^ "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party Chief", Vietnam News Agency, 19 January 2011.
  13. ^ "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party General Secretary Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine", Nhan Dan, 19 January 2011.
  14. ^ "Party Congress announces CPVCC Politburo members", VGP News, 19 January 2011
  15. ^ (in Vietnamese) "Tổng Bí thư sẽ làm Trưởng Ban Chỉ đạo phòng, chống tham nhũng Archived 2012-09-12 at the Wayback Machine", Pháp luật & Xã hội, 16 May 2012.
  16. ^ "Party Central Committee's conference concludes", VOV Online, 15 May 2012.
  17. ^ a b c Tran, Quynh (26 February 2021). "The Rise and Rise of Nguyen Phu Trong". The Diplomat. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  18. ^ "Những chuyến thăm cấp cao Việt – Trung gần đây". Znews.vn (in Vietnamese). 4 November 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  19. ^ "Tổng thống Obama tiếp TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng tại phòng Bầu dục ở Nhà trắng". Radio Free Asia (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  20. ^ "Vietnam Communist party chief to make first US trip". US news. Associated Press. 4 July 2015.
  21. ^ "Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng thăm gia đình cựu tổng thống Bill Clinton". Tuổi trẻ online. 11 July 2015.
  22. ^ "Tổng bí thư thẳng thắn về dân chủ với học giả Mỹ". Zingnews. 9 July 2015.
  23. ^ "Lễ đón chính thức Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng thăm Ấn Độ". Tạp chí Cộng sản. 20 November 2013.
  24. ^ "Đối tác chiến lược toàn diện Việt Nam – Liên bang Nga: Tiếp nối truyền thống, vững bước tương lai". Đại sứ quán Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam tại Matxcova – Liên bang Nga.
  25. ^ "Crimea và nguyên tắc đối ngoại của VN". BBC NEWS Tiếng Việt. 31 March 2014.
  26. ^ Xuxin, ed. (27 January 2016). "Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected as Vietnam's communist party chief". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
  27. ^ a b "Biography of Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary of 13th Party Central Committee". en.nhandan.com.vn. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  28. ^ Hunt, Luke (18 January 2023). "Vietnam's Anti-Corruption Drive Claims President". Voice of America. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  29. ^ "Chiếc lò vĩ đại của Tổng bí thư có thật vĩ đại?". BBC Tiếng Việt. 12 November 2018. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  30. ^ "Vietnam jails 2 ex-ministers over COVID-19 test kits scandal". CNA. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  31. ^ "Vietnam tycoon sentenced to death in $12 billion fraud case". CNN Business. Reuters. 11 April 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  32. ^ "Party General Secretary successfully wraps up China visit". Vietnam+. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  33. ^ Nguyễn, Hoà (12 November 2017). "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng hội đàm với Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch Trung Quốc Tập Cận Bình". Quân Đội Nhân Dân (People's Army) (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  34. ^ "Chinese President Xi makes state visit to Vietnam". AP News. 12 November 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  35. ^ Subramanian, Sribala (13 October 2022). "Laos and 'Xiplomacy'". The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific Current Affairs Magazine. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  36. ^ Van, Yves Dam (23 October 2018). "Vietnam parliament elects Communist Party chief as president". AP News. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  37. ^ Trung ương giới thiệu Tổng bí thư để bầu làm Chủ tịch nước, translation: Central Committee introduce the General secretary to become new President
  38. ^ Vietnam nominates party chief as new president, Reuters, 3 October 2018
  39. ^ Phan, Anh (23 October 2018). "It's official: Party chief Trong is Vietnam's new president". VnExpress International. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  40. ^ 이해아 (6 February 2019). "Trump: U.S.-N. Korea summit to be held in Vietnam Feb. 27–28". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  41. ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng tiếp Tổng thống Donald Trump". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ. 27 February 2019.
  42. ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng hội đàm với Chủ tịch Triều Tiên Kim Jong Un". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ. 1 March 2019.
  43. ^ "Sức khoẻ của TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng không còn là bí mật 100%". BBC News Tiếng Việt (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  44. ^ Boudreau, John; Nguyen, Kieu Giang (25 April 2019). "Vietnam Says President to Return to Work Soon Following Health Worry". Bloomberg. Bloomberg L.P.
  45. ^ "Bộ Ngoại Giao nói về sức khoẻ của Tổng bí thư". VnExpress. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
  46. ^ "Tổng bí thư trở lại làm việc và kỳ vọng "lò nóng, củi gộc'". Zing News. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  47. ^ "Vietnam ruling Communist Party chief Trong re-elected for third term". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  48. ^ Humphrey, Chris; Bac, Pham (1 February 2021). "Vietnam's Congress ends with focus on growth, graft and US-China ties". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  49. ^ "Vietnam's ruling Communist Party re-elects chief Trong for rare third term". France 24. 31 January 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  50. ^ "Vietnam's National Assembly relieves President Nguyen Phu Trong (Vietnamese)". vnexpress.net.
  51. ^ "Nguyen Xuan Phuc sworn in as Vietnam's president". Al Jazeera. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  52. ^ "Ukraine: Kiên định với lá phiếu trắng, lập trường của Việt Nam có bị chất vấn?". BBC NEWS Tiếng Việt. 15 November 2022.
  53. ^ "Ý kiến: Việt Nam tiếp tục bỏ phiếu trắng tại LHQ để tránh 'phật lòng cường quốc'". BBC NEWS Tiếng Việt. 25 February 2023.
  54. ^ a b Shi, Jiangtao (2 November 2022). "China, Vietnam vow closer ties, to 'manage' South China Sea dispute in joint focus on external challenges". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  55. ^ "Viet Nam, China issue joint statement". en.baochinhphu.vn (in Vietnamese). 2 November 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  56. ^ "Chinese top leader's Vietnam visit to create new momentum for bilateral ties: experts". Vietnam Law Magazine. 12 November 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  57. ^ "China and Vietnam agree to build 'shared future'". CNA. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  58. ^ Onishi, Tomoya (3 March 2023). "New Vietnam president moves party chief Trong closer to one-man rule". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  59. ^ "Party chief Trong meets United Russia leader Medvedev". VnExpress. 22 May 2023.
  60. ^ Bicker, Laura (10 September 2023). "US denies Cold War with China in historic Vietnam visit". BBC News. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  61. ^ Bose, Nandita; Guarascio, Francesco; Hunnicutt, Trevor; Guarascio, Francesco (10 September 2023). "US and Vietnam ink historic partnership in Biden visit, with eyes on China". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  62. ^ "Putin arrives in Vietnam as Russia seeks support in face of Western isolation". CNN. 20 June 2024.
  63. ^ "Russia's Putin praises Vietnam for its stance on Ukraine". Reuters. 19 June 2024.
  64. ^ Paddock, Richard C. (1 February 2021). "Term Limits? Not for Vietnam's Hard-Line Communist Leader". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  65. ^ Brown, David (28 May 2019). "The Costs of Trong's Crusade Against Corruption in Vietnam". World Politics Review. GlobalPost Media Corporation.
  66. ^ "One-party rule best for Vietnam, says leader". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 January 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
  67. ^ Wee, Sui-Lee (19 July 2024). "Nguyen Phu Trong, Powerful Vietnamese Leader, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  68. ^ "Bài viết của Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng". binhdinh.dsc.vn (in Vietnamese). 5 May 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  69. ^ "Việt Nam chào đón Chủ tịch Tập Cận Bình" [Vietnam welcomes President Xi Jinping]. Vietnamese BBC. BBC. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng và phu nhân, bà Ngô Thị Mân[...] [General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng and his wife, Mrs Ngô Thị Mân[...]]
  70. ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch Nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "Vị Tướng" có vai trò đặc biệt trong cuộc chiến chống giặc nội xâm!" [General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "The General Officer" plays a special role in the fight against the internal invaders!]. phaply. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Đám cưới con gái ruột[...] [At his biological daughter's wedding[...]]
  71. ^ Nguyễn, Hưng (14 September 2011). "'Ghi chức danh trên thiệp cưới là biểu hiện trục lợi'" [Writing a title on a wedding invitation is an expression of profiting]. VNExpress. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Cuối năm 2009, tôi [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] nhận được thiệp báo hỉ của Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng (khi ấy là Chủ tịch Quốc hội). Do không để ý đó là thiệp bảo hỉ, mở ra thấy đã qua ngày cưới của con trai ông[...] [At the end of 2009, I [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] received a congratulation card from General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng (formerly the Chairman of the National Assembly). Because I did not notice that was a congratulation card, I opened it and saw that it's past his son's wedding day[...]]
  72. ^ Hoang, Thùy; Viết, Tuân (23 October 2018). "Tân Chủ tịch nước 'dành tiền lương mua công trái, gửi tiết kiệm'". VNExpress. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022. Theo ông Quảng, Tổng bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng có hai người con, một gái, một trai và đều là những công chức nhà nước bình thường. [According to Mr. Quảng, General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng has two children, one daughter and one son, and both are ordinary public servants of the Government.]
  73. ^ Ghosal, Aniruddha (18 July 2024). "Vietnam's President To Lam becomes caretaker of Communist Party while chief Trong focuses on health". Associated Press.
  74. ^ "Vietnam Communist Party chief Trong pass away at 80, state media says". Reuters. Thomson Reuters Corporation. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  75. ^ Wong, Tessa (19 July 2024). "Vietnamese leader Nguyen Phu Trong pass away at 80". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  76. ^ "TỔNG BÍ THƯ NGUYỄN PHÚ TRỌNG TỪ TRẦN". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  77. ^ "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". VTC News (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  78. ^ "Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". Nhân Dân (in Vietnamese). 19 July 2024.
  79. ^ "Vietnam to hold two-day state funeral for Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong next week". VnExpress.
  80. ^ "Vietnam former Public Security minister To Lam gains power as acting general secretary, president". VOANews. 27 July 2024.
  81. ^ "Lãnh đạo các nước chia buồn Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". VnExpress. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  82. ^ "Lãnh đạo các nước gửi Thư, Điện, Thông điệp chia buồn Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam. 20 July 2024. Archived from the original on 20 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  83. ^ "中共中央就越共中央总书记阮富仲逝世向越共中央致唁电-新华网". 新华网 (in Chinese). 新华网股份有限公司. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  84. ^ Chin, Hui Shan (21 July 2024). "President Tharman, PM Wong pay tribute to late Vietnamese leader Nguyen Phu Trong". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
  85. ^ "The President of Turkmenistan sent condolences to the President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam". Turkmenistan Today. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  86. ^ "Anwar extends condolences to Vietnam on the passing of Nguyen Phu Trong". The Sun. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  87. ^ Knapper, Marc E. (19 July 2024). "Statement on the Passing of General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng by Ambassador of the United States to Vietnam Marc E. Knapper". U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Vietnam. United States Department of State. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  88. ^ "Cuba tuyên bố quốc tang tưởng niệm Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ (in Vietnamese). 20 July 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  89. ^ Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) (25 July 2024). "Cuban leaders mourn Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong". Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  90. ^ "Lãnh đạo Liên hợp quốc gửi lời chia buồn Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng từ trần". Vietnam Television. 20 July 2024. Archived from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  91. ^ "Vietnam Communist Party chief Nguyen Phu Trong, the country's most powerful leader, dies at age 80". Associated Press. 20 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  92. ^ Press and information team of the Delegation to Vietnam (20 July 2024). "Condolences on the passing of General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong". Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  93. ^ Trí, Dân (26 July 2024). "Cả nước tiễn đưa Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng về nơi an nghỉ". Báo điện tử Dân Trí (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  94. ^ John Boudreau (25 July 2024). "Nguyen Phu Trong: Vietnam Mourns Late Leader With Two-Day Funeral". TIME. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  95. ^ Aniruddha Ghosal (27 July 2024). "Vietnam Communist Party chief's funeral draws thousands of mourners, including world leaders". Associated Press. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  96. ^ "Blinken pays respects in Vietnam after death of Communist Party leader". Reuters. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  97. ^ Tan, Rebecca (19 July 2024). "What the death of leader Nguyen Phu Trong means for Vietnam". The Washington Post. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  98. ^ "Nguyễn Phú Trọng". Reporters Without Borders. 17 November 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  99. ^ "Gold Star Order bestowed on Party General Secretary". VOV.VN. 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  100. ^ "Party leader receives "55-year-Party membership" badge". THE VOICE OF VIETNAM. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  101. ^ "Trao Huy hiệu 50 năm tuổi Đảng tặng Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng". Quân đội Nhân dân (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  102. ^ "China Friendship Medal bestowed on Vietnamese Party leader". Voice of Vietnam. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  103. ^ "Trong received Order of Jose Martí". Archived from the original on 1 August 2013.
  104. ^ "Laos confers noble medals to Vietnamese senior leaders". Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  105. ^ "General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong received Lenin Prize (in Vietnamese)". 16 December 2021.
  106. ^ Vietnam from 1986 / Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Dinh Nghiem, Vu Hien | National Library of Australia. The Gioi Publishers. 1995 – via catalogue.nla.gov.au.
  107. ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  108. ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  109. ^ "Xuất bản cuốn sách". hanoimoi.com.vn (in Vietnamese). 11 April 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  110. ^ "Sách "Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới"". stbook.vn (in Vietnamese).
  111. ^ "Sách "Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc"" (in Vietnamese).
  112. ^ "Ra mắt cuốn sách của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng về đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực". dangcongsan.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 January 2023.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
Party political offices
Preceded by General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
2011–2024 		Succeeded by
Secretary of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam
2011–2024
Political offices
Preceded by Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam
2006–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Vietnam
2018–2021 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Nguyễn_Phú_Trọng&oldid=1260996038"