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In this Indian name, the name Subrahmanyam is a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given name, Jaishankar.

S. Jaishankar
Jaishankar in 2023
30th Union Minister of External Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 May 2019
Prime MinisterNarendra Modi
Preceded bySushma Swaraj
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 July 2019
Preceded byAmit Shah
ConstituencyGujarat
31st Foreign Secretary of India
In office
28 January 2015 – 28 January 2018
Prime MinisterNarendra Modi
Preceded bySujatha Singh
Succeeded byVijay Keshav Gokhale
Ambassador of India to the United States
In office
1 December 2013 – 28 January 2015
PresidentPranab Mukherjee
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Narendra Modi
Preceded byNirupama Rao
Succeeded byArun Kumar Singh
Ambassador of India to China
In office
1 June 2009 – 1 December 2013
PresidentPratibha Patil
Pranab Mukherjee
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Preceded byNirupama Rao
Succeeded byAshok Kantha
High Commissioner of India to Singapore
In office
1 January 2007 – 1 June 2009
PresidentA.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Pratibha Patil
Prime MinisterManmohan Singh
Succeeded byTCA Raghavan
Ambassador of India to the Czech Republic
In office
1 January 2001 – 1 January 2004
PresidentK. R. Narayanan
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded byP. S. Raghavan
Personal details
Born
Subrahmanyam Jaishankar

(1955-01-09) 9 January 1955 (age 69)
New Delhi, Delhi, India
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party
Spouse(s)Shobha Jaishankar (deceased)
Kyoko Jaishankar
Children3
Parent
RelativesSanjay Subrahmanyam (brother)
Alma materSt. Stephen's College, Delhi (BSc),
Jawaharlal Nehru University (MA, MPhil, PhD)
Occupation
  • Civil servant
  • diplomat
  • politician
  • author
AwardsPadma Shri (2019)

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (born 9 January 1955), better known as S. Jaishankar, is an Indian diplomat, politician and author, who is serving as the 30th Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 31 May 2019.[1] He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and has been a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since 5 July 2019. He previously served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015[2][3] to January 2018.[4]

Jaishankar joined the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) in 1977, and during a diplomatic career spanning over 38 years, served in different capacities in India and abroad, including as a High Commissioner to Singapore (2007–2009) and as Ambassador to the Czech Republic (2001–2004), China (2009–2013) and the US (2014–2015). Jaishankar was one of the officials in the MEA, the Department of Atomic Energy and the Prime Minister's office who played a role in negotiating the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. On retirement, Jaishankar received an unusual exemption from the “cooling off period” mandated for all retiring civil servants and joined Tata Sons as President, Global Corporate Affairs.[5]

In January 2019, Jaishankar was conferred with Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian honour.[6] On 30 May 2019, he sworn in as a cabinet minister in the second Modi ministry.[7] As External Affairs Minister, Jaishankar has crafted the assertive and aggressive foreign policy.[8][9] He closely maintained the relation between India and China even after Doklam Standoff.[10] He actively advocated the end of war between Russia-Ukraine and called for negotiation in between.[11] He condemned the Hamas attack on Israel in October 2023 and called it a terrorist attack.[12][13] Jaishankar is the first former Foreign Secretary of India to head the Ministry of External Affairs as the Cabinet Minister.[14][15]

Early life and education

[edit]

Jaishankar was born in Delhi, India, to a prominent Indian civil servant Krishnaswamy Subrahmanyam[1][16] and Sulochana Subrahmanyam.[1] He was brought up in a Tamil Hindu family.[17] He has a sister, Sudha Subrahmanyam, and two brothers: the historian Sanjay Subrahmanyam and the IAS officer S. Vijay Kumar,[18] former Rural Development Secretary of India.[19][20]

Jaishankar did his schooling at The Air Force School, Delhi, and at Bangalore Military School, Bangalore. He then did his bachelor's degree in chemistry from St. Stephen's College, Delhi.[21] He has an MA in political science and an M.Phil. and PhD in international relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), where he specialised in nuclear diplomacy.[22][23][24]

Diplomatic career (1979–2018)

[edit]
Jaishankar (sitting left) as Indian ambassador in China in 2013 during Prime Minister Manmohan Singh visit of China

After joining the Indian Foreign Service in 1977, Jaishankar served as third secretary and second secretary in the Indian mission to the Soviet Union in Moscow from 1979 to 1981, where he studied Russian. He returned to New Delhi, where he worked as a special assistant to the diplomat Gopalaswami Parthasarathy and as undersecretary in the Americas division of India's Ministry of External Affairs, dealing with United States. He was part of the team that resolved the dispute over the supply of US nuclear fuel to the Tarapur Power Stations in India.[16] From 1985 to 1988 he was the first secretary at the Indian embassy in Washington, D.C.[25]

From 1988 to 1990, he served in Sri Lanka as First Secretary and political adviser to the Indian Peacekeeping Force (IPKF).[25][26] From 1990 to 1993, he was Counsellor (Commercial) at the Indian mission in Budapest. Returning to New Delhi, he served as Director (East Europe) in the Ministry of External Affairs and as press secretary and speechwriter for President of India Shankar Dayal Sharma.[27]

Jaishankar was then Deputy Chief of Mission at the Indian Embassy in Tokyo from 1996 to 2000.[25] This period saw a downturn in Indo-Japan relations following India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests as well as a recovery after a visit to India by then Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori.[28] Jaishankar is reported to have helped introduce future Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe to his Indian counterpart, Manmohan Singh.[29] In 2000, he was appointed India's ambassador to the Czech Republic.

From 2004 to 2007, Jaishankar was Joint Secretary (Americas) at the Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi. In this capacity, he was involved in negotiating the US-India civil nuclear agreement and improving defence co-operation, including during relief operations following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.[30][31] Jaishankar was also involved with the conclusion of the 2005 New Defense Framework[32] and the Open Skies Agreement,[33] and he was associated with the launch of the US-India Energy Dialogue,[34] the India-US Economic Dialogue, and the India-US CEO's Forum.[35] In 2006–2007, Jaishankar led the Indian team during the negotiations on the 123 Agreement with United States.[36] He also represented the Indian government at the Carnegie Endowment International Non-proliferation Conference in June 2007.[37]

Jaishankar was one of those considered for the post of India's Foreign Secretary in 2013 but lost out to Sujatha Singh, who became the third woman to serve in the key post.[38][39]

High Commissioner to Singapore

[edit]

From 2007 to 2009, Jaishankar served as India's High Commissioner to Singapore.[40] During his tenure, he helped implement the Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) that expanded the Indian business presence in Singapore,[41] and oversaw a defence arrangement by which Singapore keeps some of its military equipment in India on a permanent basis.[42] Jaishankar also promoted the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas,[43] and IIMPact[44] in Singapore.

Ambassador to China

[edit]

Jaishankar was India's longest-serving ambassador to China, with a four-and-a-half-year term.[45] In Beijing, Jaishankar was involved in improving economic, trade and cultural relations between China and India, and in managing the Sino-Indian border dispute.[46][47]

Jaishankar's tenure as India's ambassador to China coincided with several major developments in relations between the two countries.[45] His 2010 briefing to the Indian Cabinet Committee on Security regarding China's refusal to issue a visa to the head of the Indian Army's Northern Command led to a suspension of Indian defence co-operation with China, before the situation was resolved in April 2011.[48] Also in 2010, Jaishankar negotiated an end to the Chinese policy of issuing stapled visas to Indians from Jammu and Kashmir.[49] In 2012, in response to Chinese passports showing Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin as parts of China, he ordered visas issued to Chinese nationals showing those territories as parts of India.[50] And in May 2013, he negotiated the end of a stand-off resulting from the encampment by China's People's Liberation Army on Ladakh's Depsang Plains, threatening to cancel Premier Li Keqiang's scheduled visit to India if Chinese forces did not withdraw[51][52] (See also 2013 Daulat Beg Oldi Incident). Jaishankar also briefed the media after the conclusion of Li's visit to New Delhi in May 2013.[53]

Jaishankar advocated deeper Indian co-operation with China as long as India's "core interests" were respected,[54] and argued for better market access for Indian businesses operating in China on the grounds that more balanced trade was necessary for the bilateral economic relationship to be sustainable.[55] He was also involved in improving people-to-people contacts between India and China, promoting events that showcased Indian culture in 30 Chinese cities.[56]

Ambassador to United States

[edit]
A 2014 photo of Jaishankar with US Secretary of State John Kerry in Washington D.C.

Jaishankar was appointed as India's Ambassador to United States in September 2013. He took charge on 23 December 2013, succeeding Nirupama Rao.[45][57] He arrived in United States amid the Devyani Khobragade incident, and was involved in negotiating the Indian diplomat's departure from United States.[58] On 29 January 2014, Jaishankar addressed the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he argued that "the grand strategy underwriting [Indian-American] ties is fundamentally sound" but that ties suffered from a "problem of sentiment".[59][60]

On 10 March 2014, he formally presented his credentials to US President Barack Obama at the Oval Office.[61] Jaishankar was involved in planning of the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's maiden visit to United States in September 2014, welcoming him upon his arrival and hosting a dinner in his honour for members of the Indian-American community.[62][63]

Foreign Secretary (2015–2018)

[edit]

Jaishankar was appointed as Foreign Secretary of India on 29 January 2015. The announcement of his appointment was made following a 28 January 2015 meeting of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.[2][3] Jaishankar is credited with building the much talked about "aggressive" foreign policy of the Modi government. His tenure extension of one year saw a transformation in the working of the ministry of external affairs.[8][9] His appointment came three days before the date on which he would ordinarily have retired and meant the unprecedented termination of Sujatha Singh’s two year tenure as Foreign Secretary. Singh was offered a sinecure as compensation but preferred to resign from government service. Jaishankar is widely criticised by Nepalese analysts for being the "original planner of 2015 Nepal blockade".[64][65] His tenure expired in January 2018.[66]

Minister of External Affairs (2019–present)

[edit]
Jaishankar and US Secretary Antony Blinken on his visit in 2021 in New Delhi
Meeting of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) foreign ministers in New York City on 22 September 2022

On 31 May 2019, Jaishankar was appointed to the Office of Minister of External Affairs in Second Modi ministry.[67] Jaishankar was sworn in as Cabinet minister on 30 May 2019.[68] On 5 July 2019, he was elected as Member of Parliament from Bharatiya Janata Party to the Rajya Sabha from Gujarat.[69] He succeeded Sushma Swaraj who was the External Affairs Minister in Narendra Modi's first government.

In October 2020, Jaishankar and the Indian Minister of Defence, Rajnath Singh, met with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and US Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper to sign the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement on Geospatial Cooperation (BECA), which facilitates the sharing of sensitive information and intelligence—including access to highly-accurate nautical, aeronautical, topographical, and geospatial data—between United States and India. The agreement had been under discussion for over a decade, but previous concerns over information security impelled the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government to block it.[70] In response to the dialogue, Chinese spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Wang Wenbin criticised the move and advised Pompeo to "abandon his Cold War mentality, zero-sum mindset, and stop harping on the "China threat".[71]

In November 2022, during a joint press conference along with Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov, Jaishankar praised Russia as an "exceptionally steady" and "time-tested" partner of India and advocated a return to dialogue and peace between Russia and Ukraine.[72] In June 2023, the Associated Press (AP) reported that Jaishankar had announced that India will remain committed in its stance on not inviting Ukraine to the 2023 G20 summit that is to be held in New Delhi, India.[73] Jaishankar firmly defended buying oil from Russia even after the sanction by western countries during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and criticised Europe for double standards.[74][75][76] During Globsec 2022 forum in Slovakia, responding to a question on India's official position on Russia's invasion of Ukraine, he said that "Europe has to grow out of the mindset that Europe's problems are the world's problems but the world's problems are not Europe's problems."[77] German chancellor Olaf Scholz echoed Jaishankar's views on Europe and said, "he has a point".[78] Jaishankar responded to Austria's national broadcaster ORF, "What Europe is doing is also moving into the Middle East and diverting production out of the Middle East and raising prices. European actions are putting pressure on the global oil markets".[79] During his visit to Germany for the Munich Security Conference, he emphasised that Europe must recognise that India cannot adopt the same perspective on Russia as Europe does.[80]

In January 2023, Jaishankar called Pakistan "The Epicenter of Terrorism" in an interview with Austrian broadcaster ORF. He added," I can use much harsher words than epicentre for Pakistan for its role in promoting cross-border terrorism as he underlined that the world needs to be concerned about terrorism."[81] Later in August 2024, he stated, "The era of uninterrupted dialogue with Pakistan is over. What I do want to say is that we are not passive, and whether events take a positive or negative direction, either way we will react."[82] In February 2023, American investor and philanthropist George Soros criticised Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his alleged Islamophobia, cronyism and authoritarianism.[83] Jaishankar dismissed his criticism and said that Soros is a "old dangerous" person.[84] He condemned the Hamas-led attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 as a terrorist act, but also talked about the plight of the Palestinian people, suggesting a "two-state solution" through "dialogue and negotiation".[85] Jaishankar said that "We have always supported a negotiated two-State solution, towards establishment of a sovereign, independent and viable State of Palestine within secure and recognised borders, living side by side in peace with Israel."[86]

In October 2024, responding on the relationship with China, Jaishankar said at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, "The overall relationship with China had “not been great” over the last few years because China had reneged on certain agreements it had with India about how to keep the border between the two countries tranquil".[87] In September 2024, on trade with China, he said at the Gulf Cooperation Council Joint Ministerial Meeting in Riyadh, "We are not closed to business from China. There is nobody who can say I will not do business with China. I think the issue is which sectors do you do business in and on what terms you do business. It is far more complicated than a black and white binary answer."[88][89] On 12 September 2024, Jaishankar interacted with Ambassador Jean-David Levitte at Geneva Centre for Security Policy. During the interaction, Ambassador Levitte referred to Jaishankar as a "star in the world."[90]

Personal life

[edit]
Jaishankar and Kyoko (his wife, standing LS) with Antony Blinken in Washington D.C.

Jaishankar was married to his first wife Shobha until she succumbed to cancer. The two had met while studying at JNU.[91] Later, he married Kyoko, who is of Japanese origin[92] whom he met while working in the Indian embassy in Japan. They have two sons, Dhruva and Arjun, and a daughter, Medha.[93] Jaishankar speaks Russian, English, Tamil, Hindi, conversational Japanese, Chinese and some Hungarian.[16]

State honours

[edit]

The Government of India awarded him Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian honour, in 2019 for his contributions to Indian diplomacy and leading role in restructuring India's global conversations.[94]

Ribbon Decoration Country Date Note Ref.
Padma Shri  India 2019 The fourth-highest civilian honour of India.

Published work

[edit]
  • Jaishankar, S. (2020). The India Way. Harper Collins. p. 240. ISBN 978-9390163878.
  • —————— (2024). Why Bharat Matters. Rupa Publications. ISBN 978-9357026406.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b ACC Appointment, Press Information Bureau, 29 January 2015.
  3. ^ a b S Jaishankar, is the new foreign secretary, Hindustan Times, 29 January 2015.
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  13. ^ https://www.livemint.com/news/india/narendra-modi-swearing-in-ceremony-s-jaishankar-external-affairs-minister-modi-3-0-cabinet-prime-minister-11717918811334.html
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  42. ^ India and Singapore sign defence cooperation pact, 10 October 2007.
  43. ^ Pravasi Bharatiya Divas kicks off in Singapore, The Hindu Business Line, 10 October 2008.
  44. ^ Indian professionals hailed as alternative global voices, The Hindu, 22 April 2008.
  45. ^ a b c Jaishankar moving to U.S. after eventful tenure in China, The Hindu, 13 December 2013.
  46. ^ India's relationship with China expanding substantively: S. Jaishankar, The Business Standard, 20 May 2013.
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  70. ^ "Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geo-Spatial Cooperation\date=23 OCtober 2020". The Economic Times. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
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  73. ^ "India not planning to invite Ukraine to G20 summit in September". AP News. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  74. ^ ""Europeans Needed Wake-Up Call": S Jaishankar On Emerging New World Order". NDTV. ANI. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  75. ^ "S Jaishankar's tough stance on Europe". Brut Media. 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  76. ^ "'Let's be even-handed': Jaishankar slams Europe's criticism of India's oil trade with Russia. Key points". Mint. 4 June 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  77. ^ Barman, Sourav Roy (4 June 2022). "Europe has to grow out of mindset that its problems are world's problems: Jaishankar". The Indian Express. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  78. ^ "Jaishankar's Europe remark echoes in German Chancellor's statement in Munich". The Hindu. ANI. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  79. ^ "Jaishankar defends India's move to import Russian oil; says Europe imported 6 times more than India since February 2022". The Hindu. PTI. 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  80. ^ "India stands firm on buying Russian oil amidst sanctions; EAM Jaishankar says Moscow has never hurt New Delhi". The Economic Times. ANI. 20 February 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  81. ^ "'Could use harsher words…': Jaishankar on use of phrase 'epicentre of terrorism' for Pakistan". 3 January 2023.
  82. ^ "Jaishankar: Era of uninterrupted dialogue with Pakistan is over". 30 August 2024.
  83. ^ "How George Soros became a punching bag for rightwing Twitter in India". Quartz. 28 April 2023.
  84. ^ "India hits back after George Soros says Adani troubles will greatly weaken Modi's grip on power". CNBC. 20 February 2023.
  85. ^ Ghosh, Paulomi (3 November 2023). "What happened on October 7 is a big act of terrorism: Jaishankar on Israel, Palestine". The Hindustan Times. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  86. ^ ""Concerned Over Deteriorating Situation": Centre On Israel-Hamas War". NDTV. PTI. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  87. ^ Lakshman, Sriram. "China reneged on border agreements with India: Jaishankar". The Hindu.
  88. ^ https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-foreign-minister-jaishankar-says-not-closed-business-china-2024-09-10/
  89. ^ Chaudhury, Dipanjan Roy (11 September 2024). "India open to do business with China, but terms must be looked into: EAM S Jaishankar". The Economic Times.
  90. ^ "'You are a star in the world…': EAM S Jaishankar 'blushes' as Ambassador Levitte praises him". The Economic Times. 12 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  91. ^ "Meet S Jaishankar's Japan-origin wife Kyoko, daughter Medha Jaishankar". DNA India. 2 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
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  93. ^ Haniffa, Aziz (11 March 2014). "India's new US envoy presents credentials to Joe Biden". Rediff.com. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  94. ^ "Former Diplomat Jaishankar, Akali Leader Among Recipients of Padma Awards".
[edit]
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Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Indian Ambassador to China
2009–2013 		Succeeded by
Indian Ambassador to the United States
2013–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Foreign Secretary of India
2015–2018 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of External Affairs
30 May 2019 – present 		Incumbent
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