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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Borama
|other_name =بوراما
|native_name =<small>''Boorama''</small>
|nickname =
|settlement_type =City
|motto =
|image_skyline =Boracity.jpg
|imagesize =250px
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map =Somalia
|pushpin_label_position =bottom
|pushpin_mapsize =
|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia.
|subdivision_type =Country
|subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|Region]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[Awdal]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|District]]
|subdivision_name2 =[[Borama District|Borama]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_name =Suleiman Hassan Hadi
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =Metric
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|population_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total =39100
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]]
|utc_offset =+3
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=9|latm=55|lats=59|latNS=N
|longd=43|longm=10|longs=54|longEW=E
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type =
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Borama''' ({{lang-so|''Boorama''}}, {{lang-ar|بوراما}}), also known as '''Borame''', is the capital of the northwestern [[Awdal]] region of [[Somalia]]. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with [[Ethiopia]].
During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the [[Adal Sultanate]]. It later formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]] in the first half of the 20th century.
The city has a population of around 39,100 residents.<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Tageo.com]. Tageo.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in northwestern Somalia to adopt a self-help scheme in the wake of the civil war.<ref>Borama Local Council, p.10.</ref>
==History==
{{main|Adal Sultanate|Somali aristocratic and court titles}}
[[File:Boramhoriz.jpeg|thumb|left|The Borama skyline.]]
As with several nearby towns such as [[Amud]], numerous archaeological finds have been discovered in the Borama area that point to an eventful past. The latter include ancient remains of [[tomb]]s, [[house]]s and [[mosque]]s, in addition to sherds of Oriental wares, particularly [[China|Chinese]] [[porcelain]]. The artefacts and structures date from various historical periods, ranging from the 12th through to the 18th centuries. Most, however, are from the 15th and 16th centuries, a time of great commercial activity in the region that is associated with the medieval [[Adal Sultanate]].<ref name="Eoa">Bernard Samuel Myers, ed., ''Encyclopedia of World Art'', Volume 13, (McGraw-Hill: 1959), p.xcii.</ref>
Excavations in the late 1800s and early 1900s at over fourteen sites in the vicinity of Borama unearthed, among other things, coins identified as having been derived from [[Qaitbay|Kait Bey]], the eighteenth [[Burji dynasty|Burji]] [[Mamluk]] [[Sultan]] of [[Egypt]]. Most of these finds were sent to the [[British Museum]] for preservation shortly after their discovery.<ref name="Tgj">Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain), ''The Geographical Journal'', Volume 87, (Royal Geographical Society: 1936), p.301.</ref>
[[File:Boramshalijow2.jpeg|thumb|left|Hills and homes in the Sheikh Ali Jowhar section of Borama.]]
In the first half of the 20th century, Borama formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]]. It was later given district status in 1925.
In 1933, Sheikh [[Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur]], a [[Qur'an]]ic teacher and son of Borama's ''[[qadi]]'' (judge), devised a new orthography for transcribing the [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] [[Somali language]]. A quite accurate phonetic [[List of writing systems|writing system]], this [[Borama script]] was principally used by Nuur and his circle of associates in the city.<ref name="Laitin">David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), pp.86-87.</ref><ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis (1958), [http://www.scribd.com/doc/15957443/The-Gadabursi-Somali-Script The Gadabuursi Somali Script], ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', [[University of London]], Vol. 21, pp. 134–156.</ref> The alphabet is also generally known as the ''Gadabuursi script''.<ref name="Omni">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/somali.htm Somali alphabets, pronunciation and language]</ref>
During the onset of [[World War II]], the town was captured by the Italians. It was re-captured by the British the following year, in 1940.
In the post-independence period, Borama was administered as part of the official [[Awdal]] administrative region of Somalia. Since the 2000s, control of the town has been disputed between [[Awdalland]], a proposed [[autonomous state]], and [[Somaliland]], a self-declared republic that is internationally [[Diplomatic recognition|recognized]] as an [[States and regions of Somalia|autonomous region]] of Somalia.
==Geography==
===Location and habitat===
Borama is situated in northwestern Somalia, in a mountainous and hilly area. It has green [[meadow]]s and [[Field (agriculture)|fields]], and represents a key focal point for wildlife. The town's unusual fertility and greenery in the largely arid countryside has attracted many animals, such as [[gazelle]]s, [[bird]]s and [[camel]]s.
===Climate===
The prevailing climate in Borama is known as a local [[steppe climate]]. The warmest month of the year is June with an average temperature of 24.1 °C. In January, the average temperature is 17.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year and the difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 110 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 7 °C.<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Borama - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6000/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
{{Weather box|location = Borama
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan high C = 24.6
|Feb high C = 25.4
|Mar high C = 27.5
|Apr high C = 27.8
|May high C = 29.3
|Jun high C = 30.0
|Jul high C = 28.8
|Aug high C = 28.8
|Sep high C = 29.0
|Oct high C = 27.4
|Nov high C = 25.8
|Dec high C = 24.4
|Jan low C = 9.7
|Feb low C = 11.7
|Mar low C = 13.8
|Apr low C = 15.7
|May low C = 17.0
|Jun low C = 18.3
|Jul low C = 17.8
|Aug low C = 17.6
|Sep low C = 17.3
|Oct low C = 13.7
|Nov low C = 11.3
|Dec low C = 10.4
|Jan rain mm = 6
|Feb rain mm = 21
|Mar rain mm = 36
|Apr rain mm = 86
|May rain mm = 61
|Jun rain mm = 32
|Jul rain mm = 78
|Aug rain mm = 112
|Sep rain mm = 86
|Oct rain mm = 18
|Nov rain mm = 10
|Dec rain mm = 2
|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'',<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/> altitude: 1454m<ref name="swalim">{{Cite web | url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf | title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 | publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] | page=10 | accessdate=October 1, 2013 }}</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
Borama has a population of around 39,100 inhabitants.<ref name="tageo"/> The broader [[Borama District]] has a total population of 215,616 residents.<ref name="Rdatp">{{cite web|title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)|url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf|publisher=UNDP|accessdate=21 September 2013}}</ref> The Awdal region in which the city is situated is primarily inhabited by people from the [[Somali people|Somali]] ethnic group, with the [[Gadabuursi]] especially well-represented.<ref>Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," {{URL|1=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol1/iss1/9|2=Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9}}, p. 132.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapterurl=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA278#v=onepage&q=&f=false |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans. The Gadaabursi are concentrated in Awdal.... }}</ref>
==Education==
[[File:Amoud University.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Amoud University]] in Borama.]]
Borama is the capital of the Awdal province. The town counts nine secondary schools, seven of them newly built: Aayatiin Secondary School, Waaberi Secondary School, Al Qalam Secondary School, Al Aqsa Secondary School, Ubaya-Ibnuka'ab Secondary School, Al Nuur Secondary School and Aadam Isaak Secondary School. The other two secondary schools in the town are the famous Sh. Ali Jowhar Secondary and Hassan Ardale Secondary School.
[[Amoud University]] is also situated in the city. It is the first post-[[Somali Civil War|civil war]] institution of higher learning in Somalia. Other local tertiary academies include EELO American University and SAW Community College.
Additionally, Borama is home to the first school for [[deaf]] children in Somalia. Borama Deaf School trains and provides educational services for hearing impaired children that extends to high school. Using the [[Somali Sign Language]], it has attracted deaf pupils from across the region and beyond.
==Transportation==
[[File:Rays Hotel in Borama.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Borama's Rays Hotel.]]
For air transportation, Borama is served by the [[Borama Airport|Borama International Airport]].<ref name="Abrmia">{{cite web|title=Borama International Airport|url=http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Travel/borama-international-airport-bxx.html|publisher=Altius Directory|accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> It is the only airport in the Awdal region. The facility was named in honor of Aden Isaaq, Somalia's first Minister of Education.
[[Djibouti Airlines]] and [[Daallo Airlines]] offer flights to and from the city. Domestic destinations include [[Bosaso]], [[Burao]], [[Galkayo]], [[Hargeisa]] and [[Mogadishu]], with international flights available to [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Dubai]], [[Jeddah]].
==Notable residents==
*[[Yussur A.F. Abrar]] – former Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia
==Sister cities==
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"|
|-
! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Country
! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| City
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|! !| [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[Henley-on-Thames]]
|}
==See also==
*[[Amud]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
==References==
{{commons category|Borama}}
*{{cite book
| last =
| first = Borama Local Council. Economic and Project Management Committee
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The Statistical Abstract of Borama Municipality: Borama, Regional Capital of Awdal
| publisher = Borama Local Council
| year = 2003
| location =
| pages =
| url = http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOMALIAEXTN/Resources/Boroma_Statistical_Abstract.pdf
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}
[[Category:Populated places in Awdal]]
[[Category:Adal Sultanate]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = London, Ohio
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = L Town
|motto = A proud heritage, a promising future<ref>{{cite web|title=The City of London Welcomes You|url=http://ci.london.oh.us/|publisher=The City of London, OH|accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref>
<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline = London-ohio-downtown.jpg
|image_caption = Historic Downtown London
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
<!-- Maps -->
|image_map = OHMap-doton-London.png
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of London, Ohio
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
<!-- Location -->
|coordinates_region = US-OH
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Ohio]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison]]
<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes =
|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-council]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = David G. Eades
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name ="Gazetteer files"/>
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 21.89
|area_land_km2 = 21.89
|area_water_km2 = 0
|area_total_sq_mi = 8.45
|area_land_sq_mi = 8.45
|area_water_sq_mi = 0
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 9876
|pop_est_as_of = 2012<ref name="2012 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-06-17}}</ref>
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder"/>
|population_total = 9904
|population_density_km2 = 452.6
|population_density_sq_mi = 1172.1
<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = −4
|elevation_footnotes = {{GR|3}}
|elevation_m = 321
|elevation_ft = 1053
|latd = 39 |latm = 53 |lats = 15 |latNS = N
|longd = 83 |longm = 26 |longs = 42 |longEW = W
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 43140
|area_code = [[Area code 740|740]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 39-44674{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1061440{{GR|3}}
|website = [http://www.ci.london.oh.us/ www.ci.london.oh.us]
|footnotes =
}}
[[Image:London-ohio-courthouse.jpg|thumb|250px|Madison County courthouse]]
'''London''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison County]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]].{{GR|6}} Located about {{convert|25|mi|km}} southwest of the Ohio capital of [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], London was established in 1811 to serve as the county seat. The population was 9,904 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. It is the second largest community in the United States named [[London, Kentucky|London]]. The [[ZIP code]] is 43140.
London is served by the London Public Library. In 2005, the library loaned more than 194,000 items to its 14,000 cardholders. As of 2005, total holdings were over 48,000 volumes with over 145 periodical subscriptions.<ref name="OHLibStats2">{{cite web |url=http://winslo.state.oh.us/publib/2005_stats_by_county.xls |title=2005 Ohio Public Library Statistics:Statistics by County and Town |accessdate=November 6, 2006 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=State Library of Ohio |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate=}}</ref>
==History==
Soon after the village was [[plat]]ted in the early 1810s, a [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist]] church was founded in the community. Today known as [[First United Methodist Church (London, Ohio)|First United Methodist Church]], this congregation built a small log [[church (building)|church building]] in 1820; it was London's first church. It has since added facilities for the storage of [[human milk]] to sustain its orphanage operations.<ref>''History of Madison County Ohio: Its People, Industries and Institutions''. Chester E. Bryan, gen. ed. [[Indianapolis]]: B.F. Bowen, 1915, 285.</ref>
==Geography==
London is located at {{coord|39|53|15|N|83|26|42|W|type:city}} (39.887466, −83.445041).{{GR|1}}
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.45|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850=513
|1860=1152
|1870=2066
|1880=3067
|1890=3313
|1900=3511
|1910=3530
|1920=4080
|1930=4141
|1940=4697
|1950=5222
|1960=6379
|1970=6481
|1980=6958
|1990=7807
|2000=8771
|2010=9904
|estimate=9876
|estyear=2012
|footnote=Sources:<ref name=Census1870>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a_08.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1880>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-11.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1910>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v3ch3.pdf|work=1910 U.S. Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1930>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch08.pdf|work=1930 US Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1960">{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref>{{GR|2}}<ref name="CensusPopEst">{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref>
}}
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 9,904 people, 3,991 households, and 2,511 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1172.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,410 housing units at an average density of {{convert|521.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.7% of the population.
There were 3,991 households of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.
The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.
===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 8,771 people, 3,590 households, and 2,301 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,031.0 people per square mile (397.9/km²). There were 3,848 housing units at an average density of 452.3/sq mi (174.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.96% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.78% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.30% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.42% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.42% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.10% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.71% of the population.
There were 3,590 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the city the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,641, and the median income for a family was $42,400. Males had a median income of $33,092 versus $26,048 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,404. About 9.5% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.
== Media ==
London and Madison County are served by a [[daily newspaper]], ''[[The Madison Press]]''.
==Notable people==
*[[Warren Amling]] — All-American Ohio State football player, and 1945 Heisman Trophy finalist
*[[Satch Davidson]] — major league baseball umpire
*[[Richard A. Harrison]] — [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from Ohio
*[[Charles Richard LeBeau]] — [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] defensive coordinator
*[[Chick McGee]] — radio personality on the ''[[Bob and Tom]]'' show
*[[Rick Renick]] - professional baseball player and coach.
*[[Jeriah Swetland]] — Ohio state representative
*[[Clyde Tingley]] — former governor of [[New Mexico]]
== In popular culture ==
{{refimprove|section|date=January 2013}}
On an episode of the television show ''[[Rescue Me (U.S. TV series)|Rescue Me]]'', Tommy finds out that his ex-wife Janet has taken his daughters and fled to London, Ohio. He goes to London and is beat up by a Londonian. However, none of the scenes during the show were filmed in London.
In the Super Nintendo game ''[[Socks the Cat Rocks the Hill]]'', London was noted as the home town of mid-boss Wigglearms Williams. Upon his defeat he is seen sulking into town whilst the townsfolk pelt him with old fruit.
The London water tower, fire department, and London High School were featured in a [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] commercial promoting the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2012/07/27/London_in_Nike_video.html |title=Nike ad highlights London, Ohio |publisher=The Columbus Dispatch |date=27 July 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Official website|http://ci.london.oh.us}}
* [http://www.london.lib.oh.us/ London Public Library]
* [http://www.london.k12.oh.us/education/district/district.php?sectionid=1]
* [http://www.city-data.com/school/london-high-school-oh.html]
{{Coord|display=title|39.887466|-83.445041}}
{{Madison County, Ohio}}
[[Category:London, Ohio| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Madison County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1810]]
[[Category:Cities in Ohio]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,186 +1,172 @@
{{Infobox settlement
-|official_name =Borama
-|other_name =بوراما
-|native_name =<small>''Boorama''</small>
-|nickname =
-|settlement_type =City
-|motto =
-|image_skyline =Boracity.jpg
-|imagesize =250px
-|image_caption =
-|image_flag =
-|flag_size =
-|image_seal =
-|seal_size =
-|image_map =
-|mapsize =
-|map_caption =
-|pushpin_map =Somalia
-|pushpin_label_position =bottom
-|pushpin_mapsize =
-|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia.
-|subdivision_type =Country
-|subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}}
-|subdivision_type1 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|Region]]
-|subdivision_name1 =[[Awdal]]
-|subdivision_type2 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|District]]
-|subdivision_name2 =[[Borama District|Borama]]
-|government_footnotes =
-|government_type =
-|leader_title =Mayor
-|leader_name =Suleiman Hassan Hadi
-|established_title =
-|established_date =
-|area_magnitude =
-|unit_pref =Metric
-|area_footnotes =
-|area_total_km2 =
-|area_land_km2 =
-|population_as_of =
-|population_footnotes =
-|population_note =
-|population_total =39100
-|population_density_km2 =
-|timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]]
-|utc_offset =+3
-|timezone_DST =
-|utc_offset_DST =
-|latd=9|latm=55|lats=59|latNS=N
-|longd=43|longm=10|longs=54|longEW=E
-|elevation_footnotes =
-|elevation_m =
-|elevation_ft =
-|postal_code_type =
-|postal_code =
-|area_code =
-|blank_name =
-|blank_info =
-|website =
-|footnotes =
+|official_name = London, Ohio
+|settlement_type = [[City]]
+|nickname = L Town
+|motto = A proud heritage, a promising future<ref>{{cite web|title=The City of London Welcomes You|url=http://ci.london.oh.us/|publisher=The City of London, OH|accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref>
+
+<!-- Images -->
+|image_skyline = London-ohio-downtown.jpg
+|image_caption = Historic Downtown London
+|imagesize = 250px
+|image_flag =
+|image_seal =
+
+<!-- Maps -->
+|image_map = OHMap-doton-London.png
+|mapsize = 250px
+|map_caption = Location of London, Ohio
+|image_map1 =
+|mapsize1 =
+|map_caption1 =
+
+<!-- Location -->
+|coordinates_region = US-OH
+|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
+|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
+|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
+|subdivision_name1 = [[Ohio]]
+|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
+|subdivision_name2 = [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison]]
+
+<!-- Government -->
+|government_footnotes =
+|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-council]]
+|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
+|leader_name = David G. Eades
+|leader_title1 =
+|leader_name1 =
+|established_title =
+|established_date =
+
+<!-- Area -->
+|unit_pref = Imperial
+|area_footnotes = <ref name ="Gazetteer files"/>
+|area_magnitude =
+|area_total_km2 = 21.89
+|area_land_km2 = 21.89
+|area_water_km2 = 0
+|area_total_sq_mi = 8.45
+|area_land_sq_mi = 8.45
+|area_water_sq_mi = 0
+
+<!-- Population -->
+|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
+|population_est = 9876
+|pop_est_as_of = 2012<ref name="2012 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-06-17}}</ref>
+|population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder"/>
+|population_total = 9904
+|population_density_km2 = 452.6
+|population_density_sq_mi = 1172.1
+
+<!-- General information -->
+|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
+|utc_offset = −5
+|timezone_DST = EDT
+|utc_offset_DST = −4
+|elevation_footnotes = {{GR|3}}
+|elevation_m = 321
+|elevation_ft = 1053
+|latd = 39 |latm = 53 |lats = 15 |latNS = N
+|longd = 83 |longm = 26 |longs = 42 |longEW = W
+
+<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
+|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
+|postal_code = 43140
+|area_code = [[Area code 740|740]]
+|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
+|blank_info = 39-44674{{GR|2}}
+|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
+|blank1_info = 1061440{{GR|3}}
+|website = [http://www.ci.london.oh.us/ www.ci.london.oh.us]
+|footnotes =
}}
-'''Borama''' ({{lang-so|''Boorama''}}, {{lang-ar|بوراما}}), also known as '''Borame''', is the capital of the northwestern [[Awdal]] region of [[Somalia]]. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with [[Ethiopia]].
+[[Image:London-ohio-courthouse.jpg|thumb|250px|Madison County courthouse]]
-During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the [[Adal Sultanate]]. It later formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]] in the first half of the 20th century.
+'''London''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison County]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]].{{GR|6}} Located about {{convert|25|mi|km}} southwest of the Ohio capital of [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], London was established in 1811 to serve as the county seat. The population was 9,904 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. It is the second largest community in the United States named [[London, Kentucky|London]]. The [[ZIP code]] is 43140.
-The city has a population of around 39,100 residents.<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Tageo.com]. Tageo.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in northwestern Somalia to adopt a self-help scheme in the wake of the civil war.<ref>Borama Local Council, p.10.</ref>
+London is served by the London Public Library. In 2005, the library loaned more than 194,000 items to its 14,000 cardholders. As of 2005, total holdings were over 48,000 volumes with over 145 periodical subscriptions.<ref name="OHLibStats2">{{cite web |url=http://winslo.state.oh.us/publib/2005_stats_by_county.xls |title=2005 Ohio Public Library Statistics:Statistics by County and Town |accessdate=November 6, 2006 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=State Library of Ohio |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate=}}</ref>
==History==
-{{main|Adal Sultanate|Somali aristocratic and court titles}}
-[[File:Boramhoriz.jpeg|thumb|left|The Borama skyline.]]
-As with several nearby towns such as [[Amud]], numerous archaeological finds have been discovered in the Borama area that point to an eventful past. The latter include ancient remains of [[tomb]]s, [[house]]s and [[mosque]]s, in addition to sherds of Oriental wares, particularly [[China|Chinese]] [[porcelain]]. The artefacts and structures date from various historical periods, ranging from the 12th through to the 18th centuries. Most, however, are from the 15th and 16th centuries, a time of great commercial activity in the region that is associated with the medieval [[Adal Sultanate]].<ref name="Eoa">Bernard Samuel Myers, ed., ''Encyclopedia of World Art'', Volume 13, (McGraw-Hill: 1959), p.xcii.</ref>
-
-Excavations in the late 1800s and early 1900s at over fourteen sites in the vicinity of Borama unearthed, among other things, coins identified as having been derived from [[Qaitbay|Kait Bey]], the eighteenth [[Burji dynasty|Burji]] [[Mamluk]] [[Sultan]] of [[Egypt]]. Most of these finds were sent to the [[British Museum]] for preservation shortly after their discovery.<ref name="Tgj">Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain), ''The Geographical Journal'', Volume 87, (Royal Geographical Society: 1936), p.301.</ref>
-[[File:Boramshalijow2.jpeg|thumb|left|Hills and homes in the Sheikh Ali Jowhar section of Borama.]]
-In the first half of the 20th century, Borama formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]]. It was later given district status in 1925.
-
-In 1933, Sheikh [[Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur]], a [[Qur'an]]ic teacher and son of Borama's ''[[qadi]]'' (judge), devised a new orthography for transcribing the [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] [[Somali language]]. A quite accurate phonetic [[List of writing systems|writing system]], this [[Borama script]] was principally used by Nuur and his circle of associates in the city.<ref name="Laitin">David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), pp.86-87.</ref><ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis (1958), [http://www.scribd.com/doc/15957443/The-Gadabursi-Somali-Script The Gadabuursi Somali Script], ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', [[University of London]], Vol. 21, pp. 134–156.</ref> The alphabet is also generally known as the ''Gadabuursi script''.<ref name="Omni">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/somali.htm Somali alphabets, pronunciation and language]</ref>
-
-During the onset of [[World War II]], the town was captured by the Italians. It was re-captured by the British the following year, in 1940.
-
-In the post-independence period, Borama was administered as part of the official [[Awdal]] administrative region of Somalia. Since the 2000s, control of the town has been disputed between [[Awdalland]], a proposed [[autonomous state]], and [[Somaliland]], a self-declared republic that is internationally [[Diplomatic recognition|recognized]] as an [[States and regions of Somalia|autonomous region]] of Somalia.
+Soon after the village was [[plat]]ted in the early 1810s, a [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist]] church was founded in the community. Today known as [[First United Methodist Church (London, Ohio)|First United Methodist Church]], this congregation built a small log [[church (building)|church building]] in 1820; it was London's first church. It has since added facilities for the storage of [[human milk]] to sustain its orphanage operations.<ref>''History of Madison County Ohio: Its People, Industries and Institutions''. Chester E. Bryan, gen. ed. [[Indianapolis]]: B.F. Bowen, 1915, 285.</ref>
==Geography==
+London is located at {{coord|39|53|15|N|83|26|42|W|type:city}} (39.887466, −83.445041).{{GR|1}}
-===Location and habitat===
-Borama is situated in northwestern Somalia, in a mountainous and hilly area. It has green [[meadow]]s and [[Field (agriculture)|fields]], and represents a key focal point for wildlife. The town's unusual fertility and greenery in the largely arid countryside has attracted many animals, such as [[gazelle]]s, [[bird]]s and [[camel]]s.
+According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.45|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>
-===Climate===
-The prevailing climate in Borama is known as a local [[steppe climate]]. The warmest month of the year is June with an average temperature of 24.1 °C. In January, the average temperature is 17.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year and the difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 110 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 7 °C.<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Borama - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6000/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
-{{Weather box|location = Borama
-|metric first = yes
-|single line = yes
-|Jan high C = 24.6
-|Feb high C = 25.4
-|Mar high C = 27.5
-|Apr high C = 27.8
-|May high C = 29.3
-|Jun high C = 30.0
-|Jul high C = 28.8
-|Aug high C = 28.8
-|Sep high C = 29.0
-|Oct high C = 27.4
-|Nov high C = 25.8
-|Dec high C = 24.4
-|Jan low C = 9.7
-|Feb low C = 11.7
-|Mar low C = 13.8
-|Apr low C = 15.7
-|May low C = 17.0
-|Jun low C = 18.3
-|Jul low C = 17.8
-|Aug low C = 17.6
-|Sep low C = 17.3
-|Oct low C = 13.7
-|Nov low C = 11.3
-|Dec low C = 10.4
-|Jan rain mm = 6
-|Feb rain mm = 21
-|Mar rain mm = 36
-|Apr rain mm = 86
-|May rain mm = 61
-|Jun rain mm = 32
-|Jul rain mm = 78
-|Aug rain mm = 112
-|Sep rain mm = 86
-|Oct rain mm = 18
-|Nov rain mm = 10
-|Dec rain mm = 2
-|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'',<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/> altitude: 1454m<ref name="swalim">{{Cite web | url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf | title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 | publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] | page=10 | accessdate=October 1, 2013 }}</ref>
+==Demographics==
+{{US Census population
+|1850=513
+|1860=1152
+|1870=2066
+|1880=3067
+|1890=3313
+|1900=3511
+|1910=3530
+|1920=4080
+|1930=4141
+|1940=4697
+|1950=5222
+|1960=6379
+|1970=6481
+|1980=6958
+|1990=7807
+|2000=8771
+|2010=9904
+|estimate=9876
+|estyear=2012
+|footnote=Sources:<ref name=Census1870>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a_08.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1880>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-11.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1910>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v3ch3.pdf|work=1910 U.S. Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1930>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch08.pdf|work=1930 US Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1960">{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref>{{GR|2}}<ref name="CensusPopEst">{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref>
}}
+===2010 census===
+As of the [[census]]<ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 9,904 people, 3,991 households, and 2,511 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1172.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,410 housing units at an average density of {{convert|521.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.7% of the population.
-==Demographics==
-Borama has a population of around 39,100 inhabitants.<ref name="tageo"/> The broader [[Borama District]] has a total population of 215,616 residents.<ref name="Rdatp">{{cite web|title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)|url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf|publisher=UNDP|accessdate=21 September 2013}}</ref> The Awdal region in which the city is situated is primarily inhabited by people from the [[Somali people|Somali]] ethnic group, with the [[Gadabuursi]] especially well-represented.<ref>Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," {{URL|1=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol1/iss1/9|2=Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9}}, p. 132.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapterurl=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA278#v=onepage&q=&f=false |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans. The Gadaabursi are concentrated in Awdal.... }}</ref>
+There were 3,991 households of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.
+
+The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.
-==Education==
-[[File:Amoud University.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Amoud University]] in Borama.]]
-Borama is the capital of the Awdal province. The town counts nine secondary schools, seven of them newly built: Aayatiin Secondary School, Waaberi Secondary School, Al Qalam Secondary School, Al Aqsa Secondary School, Ubaya-Ibnuka'ab Secondary School, Al Nuur Secondary School and Aadam Isaak Secondary School. The other two secondary schools in the town are the famous Sh. Ali Jowhar Secondary and Hassan Ardale Secondary School.
+===2000 census===
+As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 8,771 people, 3,590 households, and 2,301 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,031.0 people per square mile (397.9/km²). There were 3,848 housing units at an average density of 452.3/sq mi (174.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.96% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.78% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.30% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.42% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.42% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.10% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.71% of the population.
-[[Amoud University]] is also situated in the city. It is the first post-[[Somali Civil War|civil war]] institution of higher learning in Somalia. Other local tertiary academies include EELO American University and SAW Community College.
+There were 3,590 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.
-Additionally, Borama is home to the first school for [[deaf]] children in Somalia. Borama Deaf School trains and provides educational services for hearing impaired children that extends to high school. Using the [[Somali Sign Language]], it has attracted deaf pupils from across the region and beyond.
+In the city the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.
-==Transportation==
-[[File:Rays Hotel in Borama.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Borama's Rays Hotel.]]
-For air transportation, Borama is served by the [[Borama Airport|Borama International Airport]].<ref name="Abrmia">{{cite web|title=Borama International Airport|url=http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Travel/borama-international-airport-bxx.html|publisher=Altius Directory|accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> It is the only airport in the Awdal region. The facility was named in honor of Aden Isaaq, Somalia's first Minister of Education.
+The median income for a household in the city was $35,641, and the median income for a family was $42,400. Males had a median income of $33,092 versus $26,048 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,404. About 9.5% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.
-[[Djibouti Airlines]] and [[Daallo Airlines]] offer flights to and from the city. Domestic destinations include [[Bosaso]], [[Burao]], [[Galkayo]], [[Hargeisa]] and [[Mogadishu]], with international flights available to [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Dubai]], [[Jeddah]].
+== Media ==
+London and Madison County are served by a [[daily newspaper]], ''[[The Madison Press]]''.
-==Notable residents==
-*[[Yussur A.F. Abrar]] – former Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia
+==Notable people==
+*[[Warren Amling]] — All-American Ohio State football player, and 1945 Heisman Trophy finalist
+*[[Satch Davidson]] — major league baseball umpire
+*[[Richard A. Harrison]] — [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from Ohio
+*[[Charles Richard LeBeau]] — [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] defensive coordinator
+*[[Chick McGee]] — radio personality on the ''[[Bob and Tom]]'' show
+*[[Rick Renick]] - professional baseball player and coach.
+*[[Jeriah Swetland]] — Ohio state representative
+*[[Clyde Tingley]] — former governor of [[New Mexico]]
-==Sister cities==
-{| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"|
-|-
-! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Country
-! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| City
-|- style="color:black; background:white;"
-|! !| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}
-|! !| [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[Henley-on-Thames]]
-|}
+== In popular culture ==
+{{refimprove|section|date=January 2013}}
+On an episode of the television show ''[[Rescue Me (U.S. TV series)|Rescue Me]]'', Tommy finds out that his ex-wife Janet has taken his daughters and fled to London, Ohio. He goes to London and is beat up by a Londonian. However, none of the scenes during the show were filmed in London.
-==See also==
-*[[Amud]]
+In the Super Nintendo game ''[[Socks the Cat Rocks the Hill]]'', London was noted as the home town of mid-boss Wigglearms Williams. Upon his defeat he is seen sulking into town whilst the townsfolk pelt him with old fruit.
-==Notes==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+The London water tower, fire department, and London High School were featured in a [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] commercial promoting the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2012/07/27/London_in_Nike_video.html |title=Nike ad highlights London, Ohio |publisher=The Columbus Dispatch |date=27 July 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref>
==References==
-{{commons category|Borama}}
-*{{cite book
- | last =
- | first = Borama Local Council. Economic and Project Management Committee
- | authorlink =
- | coauthors =
- | title = The Statistical Abstract of Borama Municipality: Borama, Regional Capital of Awdal
- | publisher = Borama Local Council
- | year = 2003
- | location =
- | pages =
- | url = http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOMALIAEXTN/Resources/Boroma_Statistical_Abstract.pdf
- | doi =
- | id =
- | isbn = }}
+{{reflist}}
-[[Category:Populated places in Awdal]]
-[[Category:Adal Sultanate]]
+==External links==
+* {{Official website|http://ci.london.oh.us}}
+* [http://www.london.lib.oh.us/ London Public Library]
+* [http://www.london.k12.oh.us/education/district/district.php?sectionid=1]
+* [http://www.city-data.com/school/london-high-school-oh.html]
+{{Coord|display=title|39.887466|-83.445041}}
+{{Madison County, Ohio}}
+
+[[Category:London, Ohio| ]]
+[[Category:Cities in Madison County, Ohio]]
+[[Category:Populated places established in 1810]]
+[[Category:Cities in Ohio]]
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 13308 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 12449 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | 859 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [
0 => '|official_name = London, Ohio',
1 => '|settlement_type = [[City]]',
2 => '|nickname = L Town',
3 => '|motto = A proud heritage, a promising future<ref>{{cite web|title=The City of London Welcomes You|url=http://ci.london.oh.us/|publisher=The City of London, OH|accessdate=14 September 2012}}</ref>',
4 => false,
5 => '<!-- Images -->',
6 => '|image_skyline = London-ohio-downtown.jpg',
7 => '|image_caption = Historic Downtown London',
8 => '|imagesize = 250px',
9 => '|image_flag =',
10 => '|image_seal =',
11 => false,
12 => '<!-- Maps -->',
13 => '|image_map = OHMap-doton-London.png',
14 => '|mapsize = 250px',
15 => '|map_caption = Location of London, Ohio',
16 => '|image_map1 =',
17 => '|mapsize1 =',
18 => '|map_caption1 =',
19 => false,
20 => '<!-- Location -->',
21 => '|coordinates_region = US-OH',
22 => '|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]',
23 => '|subdivision_name = [[United States]]',
24 => '|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]',
25 => '|subdivision_name1 = [[Ohio]]',
26 => '|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]',
27 => '|subdivision_name2 = [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison]]',
28 => false,
29 => '<!-- Government -->',
30 => '|government_footnotes = ',
31 => '|government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-council]]',
32 => '|leader_title = [[Mayor]]',
33 => '|leader_name = David G. Eades',
34 => '|leader_title1 = ',
35 => '|leader_name1 = ',
36 => '|established_title = ',
37 => '|established_date = ',
38 => false,
39 => '<!-- Area -->',
40 => '|unit_pref = Imperial',
41 => '|area_footnotes = <ref name ="Gazetteer files"/>',
42 => '|area_magnitude = ',
43 => '|area_total_km2 = 21.89',
44 => '|area_land_km2 = 21.89',
45 => '|area_water_km2 = 0',
46 => '|area_total_sq_mi = 8.45',
47 => '|area_land_sq_mi = 8.45',
48 => '|area_water_sq_mi = 0',
49 => false,
50 => '<!-- Population -->',
51 => '|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]',
52 => '|population_est = 9876',
53 => '|pop_est_as_of = 2012<ref name="2012 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-06-17}}</ref>',
54 => '|population_footnotes = <ref name ="FactFinder"/>',
55 => '|population_total = 9904',
56 => '|population_density_km2 = 452.6',
57 => '|population_density_sq_mi = 1172.1',
58 => false,
59 => '<!-- General information -->',
60 => '|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]',
61 => '|utc_offset = −5',
62 => '|timezone_DST = EDT',
63 => '|utc_offset_DST = −4',
64 => '|elevation_footnotes = {{GR|3}}',
65 => '|elevation_m = 321',
66 => '|elevation_ft = 1053',
67 => '|latd = 39 |latm = 53 |lats = 15 |latNS = N',
68 => '|longd = 83 |longm = 26 |longs = 42 |longEW = W',
69 => false,
70 => '<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->',
71 => '|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]',
72 => '|postal_code = 43140',
73 => '|area_code = [[Area code 740|740]]',
74 => '|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]',
75 => '|blank_info = 39-44674{{GR|2}}',
76 => '|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID',
77 => '|blank1_info = 1061440{{GR|3}}',
78 => '|website = [http://www.ci.london.oh.us/ www.ci.london.oh.us]',
79 => '|footnotes = ',
80 => '[[Image:London-ohio-courthouse.jpg|thumb|250px|Madison County courthouse]]',
81 => ''''London''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Madison County, Ohio|Madison County]], [[Ohio]], [[United States]].{{GR|6}} Located about {{convert|25|mi|km}} southwest of the Ohio capital of [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], London was established in 1811 to serve as the county seat. The population was 9,904 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. It is the second largest community in the United States named [[London, Kentucky|London]]. The [[ZIP code]] is 43140.',
82 => 'London is served by the London Public Library. In 2005, the library loaned more than 194,000 items to its 14,000 cardholders. As of 2005, total holdings were over 48,000 volumes with over 145 periodical subscriptions.<ref name="OHLibStats2">{{cite web |url=http://winslo.state.oh.us/publib/2005_stats_by_county.xls |title=2005 Ohio Public Library Statistics:Statistics by County and Town |accessdate=November 6, 2006 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=State Library of Ohio |pages= |archiveurl= |archivedate=}}</ref>',
83 => 'Soon after the village was [[plat]]ted in the early 1810s, a [[Methodist Episcopal Church|Methodist]] church was founded in the community. Today known as [[First United Methodist Church (London, Ohio)|First United Methodist Church]], this congregation built a small log [[church (building)|church building]] in 1820; it was London's first church. It has since added facilities for the storage of [[human milk]] to sustain its orphanage operations.<ref>''History of Madison County Ohio: Its People, Industries and Institutions''. Chester E. Bryan, gen. ed. [[Indianapolis]]: B.F. Bowen, 1915, 285.</ref>',
84 => 'London is located at {{coord|39|53|15|N|83|26|42|W|type:city}} (39.887466, −83.445041).{{GR|1}}',
85 => 'According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|8.45|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all of it land.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref>',
86 => '==Demographics==',
87 => '{{US Census population',
88 => '|1850=513',
89 => '|1860=1152',
90 => '|1870=2066',
91 => '|1880=3067',
92 => '|1890=3313',
93 => '|1900=3511',
94 => '|1910=3530',
95 => '|1920=4080',
96 => '|1930=4141',
97 => '|1940=4697',
98 => '|1950=5222',
99 => '|1960=6379',
100 => '|1970=6481',
101 => '|1980=6958',
102 => '|1990=7807',
103 => '|2000=8771',
104 => '|2010=9904',
105 => '|estimate=9876',
106 => '|estyear=2012',
107 => '|footnote=Sources:<ref name=Census1870>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870a_08.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1880>{{cite web|title=Population of Civil Divisions Less than Counties|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-11.pdf|work=Statistics of the Population of the United States at the Tenth Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1910>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/36894832v3ch3.pdf|work=1910 U.S. Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name=Census1930>{{cite web|title=Population: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch08.pdf|work=1930 US Census|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1960">{{cite web|title=Number of Inhabitants: Ohio|url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf|work=18th Census of the United States|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census1990">{{cite web|title=Ohio: Population and Housing Unit Counts|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-37.pdf|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref>{{GR|2}}<ref name="CensusPopEst">{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref>',
108 => '===2010 census===',
109 => 'As of the [[census]]<ref name ="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2013-01-06}}</ref> of 2010, there were 9,904 people, 3,991 households, and 2,511 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1172.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,410 housing units at an average density of {{convert|521.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.0% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.0% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.9% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.7% of the population.',
110 => 'There were 3,991 households of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.1% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.00.',
111 => false,
112 => 'The median age in the city was 37.1 years. 25.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.',
113 => '===2000 census===',
114 => 'As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 8,771 people, 3,590 households, and 2,301 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,031.0 people per square mile (397.9/km²). There were 3,848 housing units at an average density of 452.3/sq mi (174.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.96% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 6.78% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.30% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.42% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.42% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.10% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.71% of the population.',
115 => 'There were 3,590 households out of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.00.',
116 => 'In the city the population was spread out with 26.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 87.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.2 males.',
117 => 'The median income for a household in the city was $35,641, and the median income for a family was $42,400. Males had a median income of $33,092 versus $26,048 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,404. About 9.5% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over.',
118 => '== Media ==',
119 => 'London and Madison County are served by a [[daily newspaper]], ''[[The Madison Press]]''.',
120 => '==Notable people==',
121 => '*[[Warren Amling]] — All-American Ohio State football player, and 1945 Heisman Trophy finalist',
122 => '*[[Satch Davidson]] — major league baseball umpire',
123 => '*[[Richard A. Harrison]] — [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] from Ohio',
124 => '*[[Charles Richard LeBeau]] — [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] defensive coordinator',
125 => '*[[Chick McGee]] — radio personality on the ''[[Bob and Tom]]'' show',
126 => '*[[Rick Renick]] - professional baseball player and coach.',
127 => '*[[Jeriah Swetland]] — Ohio state representative',
128 => '*[[Clyde Tingley]] — former governor of [[New Mexico]]',
129 => '== In popular culture ==',
130 => '{{refimprove|section|date=January 2013}}',
131 => 'On an episode of the television show ''[[Rescue Me (U.S. TV series)|Rescue Me]]'', Tommy finds out that his ex-wife Janet has taken his daughters and fled to London, Ohio. He goes to London and is beat up by a Londonian. However, none of the scenes during the show were filmed in London.',
132 => 'In the Super Nintendo game ''[[Socks the Cat Rocks the Hill]]'', London was noted as the home town of mid-boss Wigglearms Williams. Upon his defeat he is seen sulking into town whilst the townsfolk pelt him with old fruit.',
133 => 'The London water tower, fire department, and London High School were featured in a [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] commercial promoting the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2012/07/27/London_in_Nike_video.html |title=Nike ad highlights London, Ohio |publisher=The Columbus Dispatch |date=27 July 2012 |accessdate=30 October 2012}}</ref>',
134 => '{{reflist}}',
135 => '==External links==',
136 => '* {{Official website|http://ci.london.oh.us}}',
137 => '* [http://www.london.lib.oh.us/ London Public Library]',
138 => '* [http://www.london.k12.oh.us/education/district/district.php?sectionid=1]',
139 => '* [http://www.city-data.com/school/london-high-school-oh.html]',
140 => '{{Coord|display=title|39.887466|-83.445041}}',
141 => '{{Madison County, Ohio}}',
142 => false,
143 => '[[Category:London, Ohio| ]]',
144 => '[[Category:Cities in Madison County, Ohio]]',
145 => '[[Category:Populated places established in 1810]]',
146 => '[[Category:Cities in Ohio]]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => '|official_name =Borama',
1 => '|other_name =بوراما',
2 => '|native_name =<small>''Boorama''</small>',
3 => '|nickname = ',
4 => '|settlement_type =City',
5 => '|motto =',
6 => '|image_skyline =Boracity.jpg',
7 => '|imagesize =250px',
8 => '|image_caption =',
9 => '|image_flag = ',
10 => '|flag_size =',
11 => '|image_seal = ',
12 => '|seal_size =',
13 => '|image_map = ',
14 => '|mapsize = ',
15 => '|map_caption = ',
16 => '|pushpin_map =Somalia',
17 => '|pushpin_label_position =bottom',
18 => '|pushpin_mapsize =',
19 => '|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Somalia.',
20 => '|subdivision_type =Country',
21 => '|subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}}',
22 => '|subdivision_type1 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|Region]]',
23 => '|subdivision_name1 =[[Awdal]]',
24 => '|subdivision_type2 =[[Administrative divisions of Somalia|District]]',
25 => '|subdivision_name2 =[[Borama District|Borama]]',
26 => '|government_footnotes =',
27 => '|government_type =',
28 => '|leader_title =Mayor',
29 => '|leader_name =Suleiman Hassan Hadi ',
30 => '|established_title = ',
31 => '|established_date = ',
32 => '|area_magnitude = ',
33 => '|unit_pref =Metric',
34 => '|area_footnotes =',
35 => '|area_total_km2 =',
36 => '|area_land_km2 = ',
37 => '|population_as_of = ',
38 => '|population_footnotes =',
39 => '|population_note =',
40 => '|population_total =39100',
41 => '|population_density_km2 =',
42 => '|timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]]',
43 => '|utc_offset =+3',
44 => '|timezone_DST = ',
45 => '|utc_offset_DST = ',
46 => '|latd=9|latm=55|lats=59|latNS=N',
47 => '|longd=43|longm=10|longs=54|longEW=E',
48 => '|elevation_footnotes = ',
49 => '|elevation_m = ',
50 => '|elevation_ft = ',
51 => '|postal_code_type = ',
52 => '|postal_code =',
53 => '|area_code =',
54 => '|blank_name =',
55 => '|blank_info =',
56 => '|website = ',
57 => '|footnotes = ',
58 => ''''Borama''' ({{lang-so|''Boorama''}}, {{lang-ar|بوراما}}), also known as '''Borame''', is the capital of the northwestern [[Awdal]] region of [[Somalia]]. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with [[Ethiopia]].',
59 => 'During the Middle Ages, Borama was ruled by the [[Adal Sultanate]]. It later formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]] in the first half of the 20th century.',
60 => 'The city has a population of around 39,100 residents.<ref name="tageo">[http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Tageo.com]. Tageo.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-15.</ref> It has been a leading example in community organizing, having been the first area in northwestern Somalia to adopt a self-help scheme in the wake of the civil war.<ref>Borama Local Council, p.10.</ref>',
61 => '{{main|Adal Sultanate|Somali aristocratic and court titles}}',
62 => '[[File:Boramhoriz.jpeg|thumb|left|The Borama skyline.]]',
63 => 'As with several nearby towns such as [[Amud]], numerous archaeological finds have been discovered in the Borama area that point to an eventful past. The latter include ancient remains of [[tomb]]s, [[house]]s and [[mosque]]s, in addition to sherds of Oriental wares, particularly [[China|Chinese]] [[porcelain]]. The artefacts and structures date from various historical periods, ranging from the 12th through to the 18th centuries. Most, however, are from the 15th and 16th centuries, a time of great commercial activity in the region that is associated with the medieval [[Adal Sultanate]].<ref name="Eoa">Bernard Samuel Myers, ed., ''Encyclopedia of World Art'', Volume 13, (McGraw-Hill: 1959), p.xcii.</ref>',
64 => false,
65 => 'Excavations in the late 1800s and early 1900s at over fourteen sites in the vicinity of Borama unearthed, among other things, coins identified as having been derived from [[Qaitbay|Kait Bey]], the eighteenth [[Burji dynasty|Burji]] [[Mamluk]] [[Sultan]] of [[Egypt]]. Most of these finds were sent to the [[British Museum]] for preservation shortly after their discovery.<ref name="Tgj">Royal Geographical Society (Great Britain), ''The Geographical Journal'', Volume 87, (Royal Geographical Society: 1936), p.301.</ref>',
66 => '[[File:Boramshalijow2.jpeg|thumb|left|Hills and homes in the Sheikh Ali Jowhar section of Borama.]]',
67 => 'In the first half of the 20th century, Borama formed a part of the [[British Somaliland]] [[protectorate]]. It was later given district status in 1925.',
68 => false,
69 => 'In 1933, Sheikh [[Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur]], a [[Qur'an]]ic teacher and son of Borama's ''[[qadi]]'' (judge), devised a new orthography for transcribing the [[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]] [[Somali language]]. A quite accurate phonetic [[List of writing systems|writing system]], this [[Borama script]] was principally used by Nuur and his circle of associates in the city.<ref name="Laitin">David D. Laitin, ''Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience'', (University Of Chicago Press: 1977), pp.86-87.</ref><ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis (1958), [http://www.scribd.com/doc/15957443/The-Gadabursi-Somali-Script The Gadabuursi Somali Script], ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', [[University of London]], Vol. 21, pp. 134–156.</ref> The alphabet is also generally known as the ''Gadabuursi script''.<ref name="Omni">[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/somali.htm Somali alphabets, pronunciation and language]</ref>',
70 => false,
71 => 'During the onset of [[World War II]], the town was captured by the Italians. It was re-captured by the British the following year, in 1940.',
72 => false,
73 => 'In the post-independence period, Borama was administered as part of the official [[Awdal]] administrative region of Somalia. Since the 2000s, control of the town has been disputed between [[Awdalland]], a proposed [[autonomous state]], and [[Somaliland]], a self-declared republic that is internationally [[Diplomatic recognition|recognized]] as an [[States and regions of Somalia|autonomous region]] of Somalia.',
74 => '===Location and habitat===',
75 => 'Borama is situated in northwestern Somalia, in a mountainous and hilly area. It has green [[meadow]]s and [[Field (agriculture)|fields]], and represents a key focal point for wildlife. The town's unusual fertility and greenery in the largely arid countryside has attracted many animals, such as [[gazelle]]s, [[bird]]s and [[camel]]s.',
76 => '===Climate===',
77 => 'The prevailing climate in Borama is known as a local [[steppe climate]]. The warmest month of the year is June with an average temperature of 24.1 °C. In January, the average temperature is 17.1 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year and the difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 110 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 7 °C.<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web|title=Climate: Borama - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6000/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>',
78 => '{{Weather box|location = Borama',
79 => '|metric first = yes',
80 => '|single line = yes',
81 => '|Jan high C = 24.6',
82 => '|Feb high C = 25.4',
83 => '|Mar high C = 27.5',
84 => '|Apr high C = 27.8',
85 => '|May high C = 29.3',
86 => '|Jun high C = 30.0',
87 => '|Jul high C = 28.8',
88 => '|Aug high C = 28.8',
89 => '|Sep high C = 29.0',
90 => '|Oct high C = 27.4',
91 => '|Nov high C = 25.8',
92 => '|Dec high C = 24.4',
93 => '|Jan low C = 9.7',
94 => '|Feb low C = 11.7',
95 => '|Mar low C = 13.8',
96 => '|Apr low C = 15.7',
97 => '|May low C = 17.0',
98 => '|Jun low C = 18.3',
99 => '|Jul low C = 17.8',
100 => '|Aug low C = 17.6',
101 => '|Sep low C = 17.3',
102 => '|Oct low C = 13.7',
103 => '|Nov low C = 11.3',
104 => '|Dec low C = 10.4',
105 => '|Jan rain mm = 6',
106 => '|Feb rain mm = 21',
107 => '|Mar rain mm = 36',
108 => '|Apr rain mm = 86',
109 => '|May rain mm = 61',
110 => '|Jun rain mm = 32',
111 => '|Jul rain mm = 78',
112 => '|Aug rain mm = 112',
113 => '|Sep rain mm = 86',
114 => '|Oct rain mm = 18',
115 => '|Nov rain mm = 10',
116 => '|Dec rain mm = 2',
117 => '|source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'',<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/> altitude: 1454m<ref name="swalim">{{Cite web | url=http://www.faoswalim.org/ftp/Land_Reports/Cleared/L-12%20Land%20Resources%20of%20Somalia.pdf | title=Land Resources Assessment of Somalia |date=June 2009 | publisher=[[Somalia Water and Land Information Management Project]] | page=10 | accessdate=October 1, 2013 }}</ref>',
118 => '==Demographics==',
119 => 'Borama has a population of around 39,100 inhabitants.<ref name="tageo"/> The broader [[Borama District]] has a total population of 215,616 residents.<ref name="Rdatp">{{cite web|title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)|url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf|publisher=UNDP|accessdate=21 September 2013}}</ref> The Awdal region in which the city is situated is primarily inhabited by people from the [[Somali people|Somali]] ethnic group, with the [[Gadabuursi]] especially well-represented.<ref>Samatar, Abdi I. (2001) "Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University," {{URL|1=http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol1/iss1/9|2=Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies: Vol. 1, Article 9}}, p. 132.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapterurl=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA278#v=onepage&q=&f=false |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Gadabuursi confederation of clans. The Gadaabursi are concentrated in Awdal.... }}</ref>',
120 => '==Education==',
121 => '[[File:Amoud University.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Amoud University]] in Borama.]]',
122 => 'Borama is the capital of the Awdal province. The town counts nine secondary schools, seven of them newly built: Aayatiin Secondary School, Waaberi Secondary School, Al Qalam Secondary School, Al Aqsa Secondary School, Ubaya-Ibnuka'ab Secondary School, Al Nuur Secondary School and Aadam Isaak Secondary School. The other two secondary schools in the town are the famous Sh. Ali Jowhar Secondary and Hassan Ardale Secondary School.',
123 => '[[Amoud University]] is also situated in the city. It is the first post-[[Somali Civil War|civil war]] institution of higher learning in Somalia. Other local tertiary academies include EELO American University and SAW Community College.',
124 => 'Additionally, Borama is home to the first school for [[deaf]] children in Somalia. Borama Deaf School trains and provides educational services for hearing impaired children that extends to high school. Using the [[Somali Sign Language]], it has attracted deaf pupils from across the region and beyond.',
125 => '==Transportation==',
126 => '[[File:Rays Hotel in Borama.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Borama's Rays Hotel.]]',
127 => 'For air transportation, Borama is served by the [[Borama Airport|Borama International Airport]].<ref name="Abrmia">{{cite web|title=Borama International Airport|url=http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Travel/borama-international-airport-bxx.html|publisher=Altius Directory|accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref> It is the only airport in the Awdal region. The facility was named in honor of Aden Isaaq, Somalia's first Minister of Education.',
128 => '[[Djibouti Airlines]] and [[Daallo Airlines]] offer flights to and from the city. Domestic destinations include [[Bosaso]], [[Burao]], [[Galkayo]], [[Hargeisa]] and [[Mogadishu]], with international flights available to [[Djibouti (city)|Djibouti]], [[Addis Ababa]], [[Dubai]], [[Jeddah]].',
129 => '==Notable residents==',
130 => '*[[Yussur A.F. Abrar]] – former Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia',
131 => '==Sister cities==',
132 => '{| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"|',
133 => '|-',
134 => '! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Country',
135 => '! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| City',
136 => '|- style="color:black; background:white;"',
137 => '|! !| {{Flag|United Kingdom}}',
138 => '|! !| [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|25px]] [[Henley-on-Thames]]',
139 => '|}',
140 => '==See also==',
141 => '*[[Amud]]',
142 => '==Notes==',
143 => '{{Reflist|2}}',
144 => '{{commons category|Borama}}',
145 => '*{{cite book',
146 => ' | last = ',
147 => ' | first = Borama Local Council. Economic and Project Management Committee',
148 => ' | authorlink = ',
149 => ' | coauthors = ',
150 => ' | title = The Statistical Abstract of Borama Municipality: Borama, Regional Capital of Awdal',
151 => ' | publisher = Borama Local Council',
152 => ' | year = 2003',
153 => ' | location = ',
154 => ' | pages = ',
155 => ' | url = http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOMALIAEXTN/Resources/Boroma_Statistical_Abstract.pdf',
156 => ' | doi = ',
157 => ' | id = ',
158 => ' | isbn = }}',
159 => '[[Category:Populated places in Awdal]]',
160 => '[[Category:Adal Sultanate]]'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1394692342 |