Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox album| <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums --> Name = Turn! Turn! Turn! | Type =studio | Artist = [[The Byrds]] | Cover = TurnTurnTurnCover.jpg | Released = December 6, 1965 | Recorded = June 28 – November 1, 1965, Columbia Studios, Hollywood, CA | Genre = [[Folk rock]], [[Pop music|pop]] | Length = 30:24 | Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] | Producer = [[Terry Melcher]] | Last album = ''[[Mr. Tambourine Man (album)|Mr. Tambourine Man]]'' <br /> (1965) | This album = '''''Turn! Turn! Turn!''''' <br />(1965)| Next album = ''[[Fifth Dimension (album)|Fifth Dimension]]<br />(1966) | Misc = {{Singles | Name =Turn! Turn! Turn! | Type =studio | Single 1 =[[Turn! Turn! Turn!]] | Single 1 date =October 1, 1965 | Single 2 =[[Set You Free This Time]] | Single 2 date =January 10, 1966 | Single 3 =[[It Won't Be Wrong]] | Single 3 date =February 18, 1966 }} {{Extra album cover | Upper caption = Alternative cover | Type = studio | Cover = TheByrdsTurnTurnTurnAlternate.jpg | Lower caption = Cover of the 1977 Embassy Records reissue (CBS 31526) }} }} '''''Turn! Turn! Turn!''''' is the second [[album]] by the [[folk rock]] [[Musical ensemble|band]] [[The Byrds]] and was released in December 1965 on [[Columbia Records]] (''see'' [[1965 in music]]).<ref name="timeless">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|pages=541–546|year=1998|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited|edition=2nd|publisher=Rogan House|isbn=0-9529540-1-X}}</ref> Like its predecessor, [[Mr. Tambourine Man (album)|''Mr. Tambourine Man'']], the album epitomized the folk rock genre and continued the band's successful mix of [[vocal harmony]] and jangly [[twelve string guitar|twelve-string]] [[Rickenbacker]] [[Electric guitar|guitar]].<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|title=Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season) review|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=song|id=t2736425|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> The album's lead single and title track, "[[Turn! Turn! Turn!]]", was a [[Pete Seeger]] adaptation of text from the [[Ecclesiastes|Book of Ecclesiastes]] that had previously been [[Arrangement|arranged]] in a chamber-folk style by the band's [[lead guitarist]] [[Roger McGuinn|Jim McGuinn]], while working with folksinger [[Judy Collins]].<ref name="fricke">{{Cite book|author=Fricke, David.|year=1996|title=Turn! Turn! Turn! (1996 CD liner notes)}}</ref> The arrangement that McGuinn used for The Byrds' version utilized the same strident folk rock style as the band's previous hit singles.<ref name="timeless3">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|pages=123–128|year=1998|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited|edition=2nd|publisher=Rogan House|isbn=0-9529540-1-X}}</ref> The album peaked at #17 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' Top LPs]] chart and went to #11 in the United Kingdom.<ref name="whitburn">{{Cite book|author=Whitburn, Joel.|page=121|year=2002|title=Top Pop Albums 1955–2001|publisher=Record Research Inc|isbn=0-89820-147-0}}</ref><ref name="brown">{{Cite book|author=Brown, Tony.|page=130|year=2000|title=The Complete Book of the British Charts|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=0-7119-7670-8}}</ref> The "Turn! Turn! Turn!" [[Single (music)|single]] preceded the album by two months and topped the chart in the United States.<ref name="whitburn2">{{Cite book|author=Whitburn, Joel.|page=130|year=2008|title=Top Pop Singles 1955–2006|publisher=Record Research Inc|isbn=0-89820-172-1}}</ref> Another single taken from the album, "[[Set You Free This Time]]", was less successful and failed to break into the U.S. Top 50.<ref name="whitburn2"/> The album marked an increase in McGuinn's songwriting output and [[rhythm guitarist]] [[David Crosby]] received his first writing credit on a Byrds' album. However, the band's prolific songwriter [[Gene Clark]] still contributed most of the original material.<ref name="rogan"/> The album also included two [[Bob Dylan]] covers: "[[The Times They Are a-Changin' (song)|The Times They Are a-Changin']]" and the then unreleased song, "[[Lay Down Your Weary Tune]]".<ref name="rogan">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|year=1996|title=Turn! Turn! Turn! (1996 CD liner notes)}}</ref> ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' would be the last Byrds' album to feature the full participation of Gene Clark until the release of the original quintet's 1973 reunion album, ''[[Byrds (album)|Byrds]]''.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web|title=The Byrds Biography|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p3810/biography|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> ==Background== In the wake of the international success of their debut album and the [[hit single]]s "[[Mr. Tambourine Man]]" and "[[All I Really Want to Do]]", The Byrds entered Columbia Studios in Hollywood on June 28, 1965 to set about recording their follow-up album.<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="timeless2">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|page=619|year=1998|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited|edition=2nd|publisher=Rogan House|isbn=0-9529540-1-X}}</ref> By the latter half of 1965, the folk rock trend that The Byrds had been instrumental in originating was gaining pace, with hit records by the likes of [[Cher]], [[The Turtles]], [[We Five]], and [[Barry McGuire]] clearly bearing the hallmarks of The Byrds' influence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mr. Tambourine Man review|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=song|id=t1991558|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> Despite being such an influential band, The Byrds had been disappointed with the relative lack of success that their second single "All I Really Want to Do" had achieved in the American charts and felt that they needed a strong third single in order to maintain their foothold in the marketplace. Initially, the band had elected to record a third [[Bob Dylan]] [[Cover version|cover]], "[[It's All Over Now, Baby Blue]]", as their next single but despite a couple of attempts to record the song in June and August 1965, it was ultimately rejected.<ref name="timeless3"/><ref name="rogan"/> The band then briefly considered issuing a version of Dylan's "The Times They Are a-Changin'" as a single instead, but this idea was also discarded, although the song does appear on ''Turn! Turn! Turn!''<ref name="timeless3"/><ref name="rogan"/><ref name="hjort">{{Cite book|author=Hjort, Christopher.|pages=65–67|year=2008|title=So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)|publisher=Jawbone Press|isbn=1-906002-15-0}}</ref> The song finally selected by the band for their third single was Pete Seeger's "Turn! Turn! Turn!", a musical adaptation of words taken from the [[Bible|Biblical]] Book of Ecclesiastes, which would return The Byrds to the top of the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref name="timeless3"/><ref name="whitburn2"/> The recording of the album was not without its tensions, with several members of the band expressing feelings of resentment towards the close working relationship that was beginning to form between McGuinn and [[Record producer|producer]] [[Terry Melcher]].<ref name="timeless3"/> [[Rhythm guitar]]ist David Crosby was particularly vocal in his disapproval, since he felt that McGuinn and Melcher (along with the band's manager Jim Dickson) were conspiring to keep his songs off of the album.<ref name="timeless3"/> Crosby had brought the self-penned "Stranger In a Strange Land" (later released by [[Blackburn & Snow]]) and "The Flower Bomb Song", along with [[Chet Powers|Dino Valenti's]] "I Don't Ever Want to Spoil Your Party" (later released by [[Quicksilver Messenger Service]] as "Dino's Song") to the recording sessions but all three songs were rejected and remained unreleased at the time.<ref name="timeless3"/> Tension was also developing between the band's principal songwriter, Gene Clark, and the rest of The Byrds due to the higher level of income Clark was receiving from his songwriting.<ref name="timeless3"/><ref name="einarson">{{Cite book|author=Einarson, John.|pages=79–81|year=2005|title=Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=0-87930-793-5}}</ref><ref name="timeless4">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|pages=165–167|year=1998|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited|edition=2nd|publisher=Rogan House|isbn=0-9529540-1-X}}</ref> This resulted in Clark becoming increasingly isolated within the band and some of his best songs being relegated to appearances on [[A-side and B-side|B-sides]] or being left unreleased altogether.<ref name="timeless4"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Einarson, John.|page=88|year=2005|title=Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=0-87930-793-5}}</ref> Ultimately, this resentment would be a contributing factor in Clark's departure from the band in early 1966.<ref name="timeless4"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hjort, Christopher.|pages=84–87|year=2008|title=So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)|publisher=Jawbone Press|isbn=1-906002-15-0}}</ref> Yet another source of conflict was the power struggle that was developing between Terry Melcher and Jim Dickson.<ref name="timeless3"/> For his part, Dickson had aspirations to produce the band himself, which led to him being overly critical of Melcher's production work and would culminate in Melcher's dismissal following completion of the album.<ref name="timeless3"/><ref name="timeless5">{{Cite book|author=Rogan, Johnny.|pages=144–148|year=1998|title=The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited|edition=2nd|publisher=Rogan House|isbn=0-9529540-1-X}}</ref> ==Music== ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' opens with the Pete Seeger penned title track, which had been issued as a single two months ahead of the release of the album.<ref name="timeless"/> Based on an [[arrangement]] that McGuinn had developed while working on Judy Collins' 1963 album, ''[[Judy Collins 3 (Judy Collins album)|Judy Collins 3]]'', the idea of reviving the song came to McGuinn during The Byrds' first American tour.<ref name="fricke"/><ref name="timeless3"/> The [[master recording]] of the song reputedly took 78 [[Take#Music|takes]], spread over five days of recording, to perfect.<ref name="timeless2"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hyde, Bob.|year=1987|title=Never Before (1989 CD liner notes)}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' editor [[David Fricke]] has noted that the song's plea for peace and tolerance was custom-made for the 1960s, a decade colored by assassinations, urban rioting and the horrors of the [[Vietnam War]].<ref name="allmusic"/><ref name="fricke"/> Peaking at #1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, the single represented the high-water mark of folk rock as a musical trend and reinforced The Byrds' standing as a formidable chart act.<ref name="einarson"/> The Byrds also chose to include two Bob Dylan songs on the album, in an attempt to repeat the success that they had enjoyed with their covers of his material on their debut [[LP album|LP]]. "Lay Down Your Weary Tune" was an unreleased [[outtake]] from Dylan's ''[[The Times They Are a-Changin']]'' album that had been obtained by the band through Dylan's [[Music publisher (popular music)|publisher]].<ref name="hjort2">{{Cite book|author=Hjort, Christopher.|pages=69–70|year=2008|title=So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)|publisher=Jawbone Press|isbn=1-906002-15-0}}</ref> Dylan himself was impressed when he heard The Byrds' reading of his song, telling McGuinn "Up until I heard this I thought you were just another imitator...but this has got real feeling to it."<ref name="rogan"/> The other Dylan song that the band included on ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' was "The Times They Are a-Changin'", which was given a sardonic reading by the band, subverting the seriousness evident in the original and replacing it with irony.<ref name="rogan"/> Of the self-penned material on the album, three songs were written by Gene Clark, including "The World Turns All Around Her", which echoed his [[Beatlesque]] songs of tortured romance on the band's debut album, and "If You're Gone", a poetic confession of emotional insecurity.<ref name="rogan"/> To highlight the wistful melancholy of "If You're Gone", McGuinn and Melcher devised a droning, [[Gregorian chant|Gregorian]] harmony part that sounds uncannily like another instrument and foreshadowed the [[raga rock]] experimentation that the band would undertake on their next album.<ref name="einarson"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Turn! Turn! Turn!|publisher=ByrdWatcher: A Field Guide to the Byrds of Los Angeles|url=http://www.ebni.com/byrds/lpttt.html|accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref> The third Clark-penned song on the album was "[[Set You Free This Time]]", a densely worded rumination on a failed relationship that lyrically exhibited the influence of Bob Dylan.<ref name="rogan"/> The song had been written by Clark during The Byrds' 1965 tour of England, after a night spent drinking with [[Paul McCartney]] at the fashionable [[Scotch of St James]] club in London.<ref name="timeless5"/> McGuinn's songwriting contributions to the album included "[[It Won't Be Wrong]]", a song that had been co-written with McGuinn's friend Harvey Gerst in 1964.<ref name="hjort"/> The song had previously been issued in a completely different version under the alternate title of "Don't Be Long" on a 1964 single that the band had released under the pseudonym of The Beefeaters.<ref name="hjort"/> Another of McGuinn's contributions was an adaptation of the [[Traditional music|traditional]] [[Folk music|folk song]] "[[He Was a Friend of Mine]]".<ref name="rogan"/> The Byrds' version featured newly written lyrics by McGuinn dealing with the assassination of [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]] on November 22, 1963.<ref name="hjort"/> The song pre-dated the formation of The Byrds, as McGuinn explained to author [[Johnny Rogan]] in 1977: "I wrote that song the night John F. Kennedy was assassinated. I suppose you could say it's one of the earliest Byrds songs."<ref name="timeless5"/> "He Was a Friend of Mine" is notable for being the first Byrds' recording to feature McGuinn playing an [[acoustic guitar]], instead of his usual twelve-string Rickenbacker.<ref name="hjort2"/> ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' also featured the McGuinn and Crosby song "Wait and See". This represented the first release of a song written by the pair, although they had previously collaborated on "The Airport Song", a track that wouldn't be heard publicly until the release of the ''[[Preflyte]]'' album in 1969.<ref name="timeless5"/> "Wait and See" also represented the first time that Crosby had received a songwriting credit on a Byrds' album. Both men wanted to move away from the simple boy/girl romance songs that the band had been writing since 1964 but ironically, "Wait and See" was even more in that tradition than the earliest of Gene Clark's songs.<ref name="timeless5"/> Another cover that was included on the album was "[[A Satisfied Mind|Satisfied Mind]]", a 1955 [[country and western]] chart-topper for [[Porter Wagoner]], which had been suggested by The Byrds' [[bassist|bass player]], [[Chris Hillman]].<ref name="timeless5"/><ref name="allmusic2">{{Cite web|title=Turn! Turn! Turn! album review|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r3061|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> The song was the first sign of the band's interest in [[country music]], a genre they would explore further on subsequent albums, culminating with 1968’s ''[[Sweetheart of the Rodeo]]''.<ref name="allmusic2"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sweetheart of the Rodeo|publisher=ByrdWatcher: A Field Guide to the Byrds of Los Angeles|url=http://ebni.com/byrds/lpsotr.html|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> As with the band's previous album, ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' ended on a quirky, tongue-in-cheek note, with a whimsical send-up of [[Stephen Foster]]'s 19th century classic, "[[Oh! Susanna]]h", arranged by McGuinn.<ref name="rogan"/> Despite being recorded as an intentionally humorous reading of the song, McGuinn later admitted to journalist Vincent Flanders that he was dissatisfied with the track, stating "That was a joke, but it didn't come off, it was poorly told."<ref name="timeless5"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Roger McGuinn of the Byrds - February 1970|publisher=Vincent Flanders: His Personal Web Site|url=http://www.vincentflanders.com/roger-mcguinn-interview.html|accessdate=2009-12-09}}</ref> Due to the infighting caused by the other band members' resentment of Gene Clark's songwriting dominance within The Byrds, two of the songs that Clark had brought to the recording sessions were excluded from the album.<ref name="einarson"/> Clark's romantic and densely worded "[[She Don't Care About Time]]", which featured guitar work inspired by [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s "[[Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring]]", was issued on the B-side of the "Turn! Turn! Turn!" single, while the [[Bob Dylan|Dylanesque]] "The Day Walk (Never Before)" was left to languish in the Columbia tape vaults for more than 20 years.<ref name="einarson"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=She Don't Care About Time review|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=song|id=t1069242|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> "The Day Walk (Never Before)" was finally issued in 1987 when it was chosen as the title track of The Byrds' archival album, ''[[Never Before (album)|Never Before]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Einarson, John.|page=272|year=2005|title=Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark|publisher=Backbeat Books|isbn=0-87930-793-5}}</ref> In the modern era, both "She Don't Care About Time" and "The Day Walk (Never Before)" have been added to the [[remaster]]ed ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' [[Compact Disc|CD]] as bonus tracks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turn! Turn! Turn! (Bonus Tracks) album review|publisher=[[Allmusic]]|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=r1242229|pure_url=yes}}|accessdate=2009-12-08}}</ref> ==Release and reception== ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' was released on December 6, 1965 in the United States (catalogue item CL 2454 in [[monaural|mono]], CS 9254 in [[Stereophonic sound|stereo]]) and March 22, 1966 in the UK (catalogue item BPG 62652 in mono, SBPG 62652 in stereo).<ref name="timeless"/> It peaked at #17 on the ''Billboard'' Top LPs chart, during a chart stay of 40 weeks, and reached #11 in the United Kingdom, spending a total of 5 weeks on the UK chart.<ref name="whitburn"/><ref name="brown"/> The preceding "Turn! Turn! Turn!" single was released on October 1, 1965 in the U.S. and October 29, 1965 in the UK, reaching #1 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and #26 on the [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref name="timeless"/><ref name="brown"/><ref name="whitburn2"/> A second single taken from the album, "Set You Free This Time" (b/w "It Won't Be Wrong"), was released on January 10, 1966 in the U.S., peaking at #63 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 but failing to chart in the UK.<ref name="timeless"/><ref name="brown"/><ref name="whitburn2"/> The album's front cover photograph was taken by Guy Webster at his studio in [[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]] and was later nominated for the [[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package|Grammy Award for Best Album Cover]].<ref name="hjort3">{{Cite book|author=Hjort, Christopher.|pages=73–74|year=2008|title=So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)|publisher=Jawbone Press|isbn=1-906002-15-0}}</ref> The LP's back cover liner notes were written by The Byrds' [[publicist]], [[Derek Taylor]],<ref name="hjort3"/> and were actually an edited version of a much longer description of the album and its recording that would later appear in its complete form in the February 15, 1966 edition of ''[[Record World]]'' magazine.<ref name="hjort4">{{Cite book|author=Hjort, Christopher.|pages=80–83|year=2008|title=So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)|publisher=Jawbone Press|isbn=1-906002-15-0}}</ref> Upon release, the album garnered mostly positive reviews, with [[Robert Shelton (critic)|Robert Shelton]] commenting in ''[[The New York Times]]'' that the album was "not so strong as the first Byrds LP, ''Mr. Tambourine Man'', but still an effective program of folk-rock."<ref name="hjort3"/> [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] magazine described the album's contents by noting that "the group offers a diversified program of material that is certain to soar up the LP charts."<ref name="hjort3"/> In the UK, Richard Bruce enthusiastically praised the album in his review for ''Music Echo'' by describing the record as "so sensationally brilliant that even after [one] hearing, I've no hesitation in saying they are proving they have as big a talent as [[The Beatles]] and [[The Rolling Stones|The Stones]]!"<ref name="hjort4"/> In more recent years, [[Richie Unterberger]] has noted on the [[Allmusic]] website that the album "was only a disappointment in comparison with ''Mr. Tambourine Man''. It was still quite good, however, particularly the ringing number one title cut, a classic on par with the "Mr. Tambourine Man" single."<ref name="allmusic2"/> ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' was remastered at 20-[[bit]] resolution and partially [[remix]]ed as part of the [[Legacy Recordings|Columbia/Legacy]] Byrds series.<ref name="remaster">{{Cite web|title=The Byrds Remastered Albums 1996–2000|publisher=Byrds Flyght|url=http://users.skynet.be/byrdsfollower/remasters1996-2000.htm|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref> It was reissued in an expanded form on April 30, 1996, with seven bonus tracks, including two alternate versions of songs included on the original album, three outtakes, and the Gene Clark penned B-side, "She Don't Care About Time".<ref name="rogan"/> ==Track listing== ===Side 1=== #"[[Turn! Turn! Turn!|Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There is a Season)]]" ([[Book of Ecclesiastes]]/[[Pete Seeger]]) – 3:49 #"[[It Won't Be Wrong]]" ([[Roger McGuinn|Jim McGuinn]], Harvey Gerst) – 1:58 #"[[Set You Free This Time]]" ([[Gene Clark]]) – 2:49 #"[[Lay Down Your Weary Tune]]" ([[Bob Dylan]]) – 3:30 #"[[He Was a Friend of Mine]]" ([[traditional music|traditional]], new words and arrangement Jim McGuinn) – 2:30 ===Side 2=== #"The World Turns All Around Her" (Gene Clark) – 2:13 #"[[A Satisfied Mind|Satisfied Mind]]" (Red Hayes, [[Jack Rhodes]]) – 2:26 #"If You're Gone" (Gene Clark) – 2:45 #"[[The Times They Are a-Changin' (song)|The Times They Are a-Changin']]" (Bob Dylan) – 2:18 #"Wait and See" (Jim McGuinn, [[David Crosby]]) – 2:19 #"[[Oh! Susanna]]h" ([[Stephen Foster]]) – 3:03 #*NOTE: The album erroneously credits "Oh! Susannah" to Jim McGuinn. ===1996 CD reissue bonus tracks=== # <li value = 12> "The Day Walk (Never Before)" (Gene Clark) – 3:00 #"[[She Don't Care About Time]]" [Single Version] (Gene Clark) – 2:29 #"The Times They Are A-Changin’" [First Version] (Bob Dylan) – 1:54 #"[[It's All Over Now, Baby Blue]]" [Version 1] (Bob Dylan) – 3:03 #"She Don't Care About Time" [Version 1] (Gene Clark) – 2:35 #"The World Turns All Around Her" [Alternate Mix] (Gene Clark) – 2:12 #"Stranger in a Strange Land" [Instrumental] (David Crosby) – 3:04 ==Singles== # "Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is A Season)" b/w "She Don't Care About Time" (Columbia 43424) October 1, 1965 (US #1, UK #26) # "Set You Free This Time" b/w "It Won't Be Wrong" (Columbia 43501) January 10, 1966 (US #63) # "It Won't Be Wrong" b/w "Set You Free This Time" (CBS 202037) February 18, 1966 ==Personnel== NOTE: Sources for this section are as follows:<ref name="rogan"/><ref name="hjort"/><ref name="timeless5"/><ref name="hjort2"/> ;The Byrds *[[Roger McGuinn|Jim McGuinn]] - [[lead guitar]], [[acoustic guitar]], [[Singing|vocals]] *[[Gene Clark]] - [[rhythm guitar]], [[harmonica]], [[tambourine]], vocals *[[David Crosby]] - rhythm guitar, vocals *[[Chris Hillman]] - [[Bass guitar|electric bass]] ([[backing vocal]] on "[[Lay Down Your Weary Tune]]") *[[Michael Clarke (musician)|Michael Clarke]] - [[Drum kit|drums]] (tambourine on 5, harmonica on bonus track 16) ;Additional personnel *[[Terry Melcher]] - [[organ (music)|organ]] on "[[He Was a Friend of Mine]]" ==Release history== {|class="wikitable" !align=center|Date !align=center|Label !align=center|Format !align=center|Country !align=center|Catalog !align=center|Notes |- |rowspan="2"|December 6, 1965 |rowspan="2"|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]] |rowspan="2" align="center"|[[LP album|LP]] |rowspan="2" align="center"|US |CL 2454 |Original [[Monaural|mono]] release. |- |CS 9254 |Original [[Stereophonic|stereo]] release.* |- |rowspan="2"|March 22, 1966 |rowspan="2"|[[Columbia Records|CBS]] |rowspan="2" align="center"|LP |rowspan="2" align="center"|UK |BPG 62652 |Original mono release. |- |SBPG 62652 |Original stereo release.* |- |1975 |CBS |align="center"|LP |align="center"|UK |S 33645 |Double album stereo reissue with ''[[Mr. Tambourine Man (album)|Mr. Tambourine Man]]''.* |- |1976 |[[Embassy Records|Embassy]] |align="center"|LP |align="center"|UK |EMB 31257 |Stereo reissue with alternative cover.* |- |1977 |Embassy |align="center"|LP |align="center"|UK |CBS 31526 |Stereo reissue with alternative cover (different cover to above release).* |- |1987 |Columbia |align="center"|[[Compact Disc|CD]] |align="center"|US |CK 9254 |Original CD release. |- |1989 |CBS |align="center"|CD |align="center"|Europe |467046 2 | |- |1993 |Columbia |align="center"|CD |align="center"|UK |COL 468180 | |- |April 30, 1996 |rowspan="2"|[[Legacy Recordings|Columbia/Legacy]] |rowspan="2" align="center"|CD |align="center"|US |CK 64846 |rowspan="2"|Reissue containing seven bonus tracks and a partially remixed version of the stereo album.* |- |May 6, 1996 |align="center"|UK |COL 4837062 |- |1999 |Simply Vinyl |align="center"|LP |align="center"|UK |SVLP 037 |Reissue of the partially remixed stereo album.* |- |2003 |[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]] |align="center"|CD |align="center"|Japan |MHCP-67 |Reissue containing seven bonus tracks and the partially remixed stereo album in a replica LP sleeve.* |- |2006 |[[Sundazed Records|Sundazed]] |align="center"|LP |align="center"|US |LP 5198 |Reissue of the original mono release. |- |colspan="6"|* The album's title track and "He Was a Friend of Mine" were never mixed into stereo and appear in mono on all stereo releases of the album. |} ===Remix information=== ''Turn! Turn! Turn!'' was one of four Byrds albums that were partially remixed as part of their re-release on Columbia/Legacy.<ref name="remaster"/> The reason for the remix was explained by Bob Irwin (who produced these re-issues for compact disc) during an interview: {{cquote|The first four Byrds albums had sold so well, and the master tapes used so much that they were at least two, if not three generations down from the original. In most cases, a first-generation master no longer existed. They were basically played to death; they were worn out, there was nothing left of them.<ref name="irwin">{{Citation|author=Irwin, Bob.|newspaper=ICE Magazine #108|date=March 1996}}</ref>}} He further stated: {{cquote|Each album is taken from the original multi-tracks, where they exist, which is in 95% of the cases. We remixed them exactly as they were, without taking any liberties, except for the occasional song appearing in stereo for the first time.<ref name="irwin"/>}} Irwin's assertions that no liberties were taken have been proven false in a couple of instances. The vocals on most of the album's songs are mixed noticeably higher than they were on the original mixes and the fades are different on almost every song as well.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} Many fans enjoy the remixed album because it is very close to the original mix in most cases and offers noticeably better sound quality.<ref name="remaster"/> However, there are also a lot of fans who dismiss the remix as [[Historical revisionism (negationism)|revisionist history]] and prefer to listen to the original mix on [[Gramophone record|vinyl]] or on the pre-1996 CD releases. ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==Bibliography== *Rogan, Johnny, ''The Byrds: Timeless Flight Revisited'', Rogan House, 1998, ISBN 0-9529540-1-X *Hjort, Christopher, ''So You Want To Be A Rock 'n' Roll Star: The Byrds Day-By-Day (1965–1973)'', Jawbone Press, 2008, ISBN 1-906002-15-0. *Einarson, John, ''Mr. Tambourine Man: The Life and Legacy of the Byrds' Gene Clark'', Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-793-5. {{The Byrds}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turn! Turn! Turn! (Album)}} [[Category:The Byrds albums]] [[Category:1965 albums]] [[Category:Columbia Records albums]] [[Category:Albums produced by Terry Melcher]] [[Category:English-language albums]] [[Category:CBS Records albums]] [[Category:Embassy Records albums]] [[Category:Legacy Recordings albums]] [[Category:Sundazed Records albums]] [[it:Turn! Turn! Turn!]]fuck ur momma'