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'{{for|the main-belt asteroid|2644 Victor Jara}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}} {{Use American English|date=September 2013}} {{Spanish name|Jara|Martínez}} {{Infobox musical artist |name = Víctor Jara |image = Víctor Jara.jpg |Image caption = |background = solo_singer |birth_name = Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez |birth_date = {{birth date|1932|9|28|mf=y}} |death_date = {{death date and age|1973|9|15|1932|9|28|mf=y}} |origin = [[Chillán Viejo]], [[Chile]] |occupation = [[Singer]]/[[Songwriter]], [[Poet]], [[Theatre director]], University [[academic]], [[Social activist]] |instrument = [[singer|Vocals]], [[Spanish Guitar]] |genre = [[folk music|Folk]], [[Nueva canción]], [[Andean music]] |years_active = 1959–1973 |label = [[Odeon Records|EMI-Odeon]]<br> '''DICAP'''/Alerce <br>[[Warner Music]] |associated_acts = [[Violeta Parra]], [[Patricio Castillo (musician)|Patricio Castillo]], [[Quilapayún]], <br>[[Inti-illimani]], [[Patricio Manns]], [[Ángel Parra]], [[Isabel Parra]], [[Sergio Ortega]], [[Pablo Neruda]], [[Daniel Viglietti]], [[Atahualpa Yupanqui]], [[Joan Baez]], [[Dean Reed]], [[Silvio Rodriguez]], [[Holly Near]], [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] |website = [http://www.fundacionvictorjara.cl/ Official website] }} '''Víctor Lidio Jara Martínez''' ({{IPA-es|ˈbiktor ˈliðjo ˈxaɾa marˈtines}}; September 28, 1932 – September 15, 1973)<ref name="Report of the Chilean Commission on Truth and Reconciliation Part III Chapter 1 (A.2)">{{cite web|title= Report of the Chilean Commission on Truth and Reconciliation Part III Chapter 1 (A.2) |publisher=usip.org |date=2002-04-10 |url=http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/1993_pt3ch1_A2a2_153-167.html|accessdate=2007-01-06 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061231030014/http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/1993_pt3ch1_A2a2_153-167.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-12-31}}</ref> was a [[Chile]]an teacher, [[theatre director]], poet, singer-[[songwriter]], political activist and member of the [[Communist Party of Chile]]. A distinguished theatre director, he devoted himself to the development of Chilean theatre, directing a broad array of works from locally produced Chilean plays, to the classics of the world stage, to the experimental work of [[Ann Jellicoe]]. Simultaneously he developed in the field of music and played a pivotal role among neo-folkloric artists who established the ''[[Nueva Canción|Nueva Canción Chilena]]'' (New Chilean Song) movement which led to a revolution in the popular music of his country under the [[Salvador Allende]] government. Shortly after the [[1973 coup in Chile|Chilean coup]] of 11 September 1973, he was arrested, [[torture]]d and ultimately shot dead. His body was later thrown out into the street of a shanty town in [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]].<ref>Jara, Joan. ''Victor: An Unfinished Song,'' 249-250</ref> The contrast between the themes of his songs, on [[love]], [[peace]] and [[social justice]] and the brutal way in which he was murdered transformed Jara into a symbol of struggle for [[human rights]] and justice worldwide. ==Early life== Víctor Jara was born in the locality of [[Lonquén]], near the city of Santiago, to poor [[peasants]] Manuel Jara and Amanda Martínez. Jara's father, Manuel, was illiterate and wanted his children to work as soon as they could rather than get an education, so by the age of 6, Jara was already working on the land. Manuel Jara was unable to extract a livelihood from the earnings as a peasant in the Ruiz-Tagle estate nor was he able to find stable work to support his large family. He took to drinking and became violent. His relationship with his wife deteriorated, and Manuel left the family when Víctor was still a child to look for work elsewhere. Amanda persevered in raising Víctor and his siblings by herself, insisting that all of them should receive a good education. Amanda, a [[mestiza]] with deep [[Araucanian]] roots in the south of Chile, was not [[illiterate]], but rather [[autodidactic|self-taught]]; played the guitar, the piano and was a singer in her town, singing traditional folk songs at local functions like weddings and funerals for the locals.<ref>Jara, Joan. ''Victor: An Unfinished Song'', 24-27</ref> Jara's mother died when Jara was 15, leaving him to make his own way thereafter. He began to study to be an accountant, but soon moved into a [[seminary]] instead, studying to become a priest. After a couple of years, however, he became disillusioned with the [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] and left the seminary. Subsequently he spent several years in the army before returning to his home town to pursue interests in [[folk music]] and [[theatre]]. ==Artistic life== Jara was deeply influenced by the folklore of Chile and other Latin American countries; he was particularly influenced by artists like [[Violeta Parra]], [[Atahualpa Yupanqui]], and the poet [[Pablo Neruda]]. Jara began his foray into folklore in the mid-1950s when he began singing with the group '''Cuncumen'''. He moved more decisively into music in the 1960s getting the opportunity to sing at Santiago's [[La Peña de Los Parra]], owned by [[Ángel Parra]]. Through them Jara became greatly involved in the [[Nueva canción|la Nueva Canción Chilena]] movement of Latin American folk music. He published his first recording in 1966 and, by 1970, had left his theatre work in favour of a career in music. His songs were drawn from a combination of traditional folk music and left-wing political activism. From this period, some of his most renowned songs are ''Plegaria a un Labrador'' ("Prayer to a Worker") and ''Te Recuerdo Amanda'' ("I Remember You Amanda"). He supported the ''[[Unidad Popular]]'' ("Popular Unity") coalition candidate [[Salvador Allende]] for the presidency of Chile, taking part in campaigning, volunteer political work, and playing free concerts. ==Political activism== Jara's role in Chilean society was not limited to his musical output. A supporter of the [[Popular Unity]] party, Jara publicly spoke on [[Salvador Allende]]'s behalf.<ref>Jara, Joan. ''Victor: An Unfinished Song,''</ref> Allende's campaign was successful and, in 1970, he was elected president of Chile. However, the Chilean right wing, backed by the United States, and who opposed Allende's [[socialist]] politics, staged a [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|coup d'état on September 11, 1973]] through the [[Chilean military]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Hitchens|first=Christopher|title=The Trial of Henry Kissinger|year=2001|publisher=Twelve|location=New York|isbn=978-1455522972|page=304}}</ref> in the course of which [[Death of Salvador Allende|Allende died]]. At the moment of the coup, Jara was on the way to the Technical University (today [[Universidad de Santiago de Chile|Universidad de Santiago]]), where he was a teacher. That night he slept at the university along with other teachers and students, and sang to raise morale. [[File:Victor Jarra Nicha.jpg|thumb|Víctor Jara's grave in the General Cemetery of Santiago. The note left reads: “‘Till Victory!”]] ==Death== On the morning of September 12, Jara was taken, along with thousands of others, as a prisoner to the Chile Stadium (renamed the [[Estadio Víctor Jara]] in September 2003<ref>{{cite news|title=Stadium's Renaming an Ode to Singer Martyred There|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/09/world/fg-stadium9|accessdate=August 12, 2011|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=September 9, 2003}}</ref>). His body was later discarded outside the stadium along with other civilian prisoners who had been killed by the Chilean Army.<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento">{{cite web|title=Complaint: Jara v. Barriento|url=http://cja.org/downloads/COMPLAINT.9.4.pdf|publisher=Official Florida court legal filing|accessdate=2013-09-05}}</ref> Jara's wife, [[Joan Jara]], was allowed to come and retrieve his body from the site and was able to confirm the physical damage he had endured. After holding a funeral for her husband, Joan Jara fled the country in secret. Joan Turner Jara currently lives in Chile and runs the Víctor Jara Foundation. The ''Chile Stadium'', also known as the Víctor Jara Stadium, is often confused with the [[Estadio Nacional (Chile)|Estadio Nacional]] (National Stadium). Before his death, Jara wrote a poem about the conditions of the prisoners in the stadium, the poem was written on a paper that was hidden inside a shoe of a friend. The poem was never named, but is commonly known as "[[Estadio Chile (poem)|Estadio Chile]]". ==Legal Actions== In June 2008, Chilean judge Juan Eduardo Fuentes re-opened the investigation into Jara's death. Judge Fuentes said he would examine 40 new pieces of evidence provided by the singer's family.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7435128.stm | work=BBC News | title=New probe into Victor Jara murder | date=2008-06-04 | accessdate=2010-05-27}}</ref> On May 28, 2009, José Adolfo Paredes Márquez, a 54-year-old former Army conscript, arrested the previous week in [[San Sebastian, Chile]], was formally charged with Jara's murder. Following Paredes' arrest, on June 1, 2009, the police investigation identified the name of the officer who first shot Víctor Jara in the head. The officer played [[Russian roulette]] with Jara, by placing a single round in his revolver, spinning the cylinder, placing the muzzle against Jara's head and pulling the trigger. The officer repeated this a couple of times, until a shot fired and Víctor fell to the ground. The officer then ordered two conscripts (one of them Paredes) to finish the job, by firing into Jara's body. A judge ordered Jara's body to be [[Exhumation|exhumed]] in an effort to determine more information regarding his death.<ref name="exhumed">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8084201.stm|title=Chilean singer Jara is exhumed|date=2009-06-04|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2009-06-05}}</ref><ref name='A oficial que ajustició a Víctor Jara, le decían "El Loco"'>{{cite web|title=A oficial que ajustició a Víctor Jara, le decían "El Loco"|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090601/pags/20090601020443.html|work=Red Nacion|accessdate=17 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite web|last=Carroll|first=Rory|title=Ex-Pinochet army conscript charged with folk singer Victor Jara's murder|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/28/chile-regime-murder-charge-victor-jara|work=Ex-Pinochet army conscript charged with folk singer Victor Jara's murder|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=17 October 2013}}</ref> On December 3, 2009, a massive funeral took place in the "[[Galpón Víctor Jara]]" across from "[[Plaza Brasil]]". Jara's remains were honoured by thousands. His remains were re-buried in the same place he was buried in 1973.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalvoicesonline.org/2009/12/05/chile-a-proper-funeral-for-victor-jara/|title=Chile: A Proper Funeral for Víctor Jara|date=2009-12-05|publisher=[[Global Voices Online]]|accessdate=2009-12-06}}</ref> On December 28, 2012 a judge in Chile ordered the arrest of eight former army officers for alleged involvement in the murder of Victor Jara.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|title=Charges brought in Chilean singer's death, 39 years later|author=Mariano Castillo|date=December 29, 2012|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/29/world/americas/chile-victor-jara-charges/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-20861432 |title=Ex-army officers implicated in Victor Jara death |publisher=BBC |date=2012-12-28 |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref> He issued an international arrest warrant for one of them, Pedro Barrientos Núñez, accused of shooting Jara in the head during a torture session. Barrientos lives in Florida and US authorities have failed to comply with the warrant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/14423-forty-years-later-justice-for-v%C3%ADctor-jara-school-of-americas-grad-accused-of-murdering-the-popular-allende-era-performer |title=Forty Years Later, Justice for Víctor Jara: School of the Americas Grads Indicted in Murder of the Popular Allende-Era Singer/Activist |publisher=Truth-out.org |first=Ramona |last=Wadi |date=9 February 2013 |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref> On September 4, 2013, the [[Center for Justice and Accountability]] filed suit in US court against [[Pedro Barrientos]], who currently resides in Florida, on behalf of Victor Jara's widow and children. The suit accuses Pedro Barrientos of arbitrary detention; cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment; extrajudicial killing; and crimes against humanity under the [[Alien Tort Statute]] (ATS); and of torture and extrajudicial judicial killing under the [[Torture Victim Protection Act]] (TVPA), in connection with the death of Víctor Jara. The complaint alleges that Barrientos is liable for Víctor Jara’s death as a direct perpetrator, as well as a commander, and an indirect collaborator to the crimes at [[Chile Stadium]].<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Jara v. Barrientos No. 3:13-cv-1075-J-99MMH-JBT (2013).|url=http://cja.org/article.php?id=1361|accessdate=2013-09-05|newspaper=Center for Justice and Accountability|date=2013-09-04}}</ref> '''SPECIFIC CLAIMS in ALLEGATION:''' *Paragraph 23- On September 11, 1973, Chilean Army troops from the Arica Regiment of the Chilean Arma from La Serena attacked the University. Troops prohibited civilians from entering or leaving the University premises. During the afternoon of September 12, 1973, military personnel entered the University and illegally detained hundreds of professors, students, and administrators. *Paragraph 24- Victor Jara was among those arbitrarily detained on the campus and, thereafter, was transferred to the Stadium, where he was ultimately tortured and killed. *Paragraph 32- In the course of transporting and processing the civilian prisoners, Captain Fernando Polanco Gallardo, a comanding officer in military intelligence, recognized Victor Jara as the well-known folk singer whose popular songs addressed social inequality and who had supported President Allende's government. Captain Polanco then separated Victor Jara from the group and beat Victor Jara severely. He then transferred Victor Jara, together with some of the other civilians, to the Stadium. *Paragraph 35-Throughout his detention in the locker room of the Stadium, Victor Jara was in the physical custody of Lieutenant Barrientos, soldiers under his command, or other members of the Chilean Army who acted in furtherance of the Chilean Army's common plan, design, and scheme to commit human rights abuses against civilians at the Stadium. *Paragraph 43- The arbitrary detention, torture, cruel, inhuman or degreading treatment, and extrajudicial killing inflicted upon Victor Jara and other detainees at the Stadium were part of a widespread and systematic attack of the civilian population by the Chilean Army in the days following the military coup from September 11, 1973 through September 15, 1973. Lieutenant Barrientos knew or should have known about the widespread and systematic attacks against the civilian population if for no other reason than because he was present for and participated in the attacks carried out against civilians at the Stadium.<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento"/> ==Legacy== Although the military dictatorship managed to burn the vast majority of master recordings of Jara's music, Joan Jara managed to sneak recordings out of Chile, which were later copied and distributed worldwide. Joan Jara later wrote an account of Víctor Jara's life and music, titled ''Víctor: An Unfinished Song''. Named by Rolling Stone magazine as one of the fifteen foremost protest artists.<ref name="Complaint: Jara v. Barriento"/> On September 22, 1973, the Soviet/Russian astronomer [[Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh]] named a newly found [[asteroid]] 2644 Víctor Jara, in honor of Víctor Jara's life and artistic work. American folksinger [[Phil Ochs]], who met and performed with Jara during a tour of South America, organized a benefit concert in his memory in New York in 1974. Titled "An Evening With Salvador Allende", the concert featured [[Bob Dylan]], [[Pete Seeger]], [[Arlo Guthrie]] and Ochs. ''For Neruda, for Chile'' contains a section called "The Chilean Singer" with poems dedicated to Jara.{{sfn|Lowenfels|1975|pgs=79–90}} An [[East Germany|East German]] biographical movie called ''El Cantor'' (the Singer) was made in 1978. It was directed by Jara's friend [[Dean Reed]], who also played the part of Jara. In the late 1990s British actress [[Emma Thompson]] started to work on a [[screenplay]], which she planned to use as the basis for a movie about Víctor Jara. Thompson, a [[human rights]] activist and fan of Jara, considered the [[political murder]] of the Chilean artist as a symbol of human rights violation in Chile. She believed a movie about Jara's life and death would make more people aware of the Chilean tragedy.<ref name="Emma Thompson: The World's Her Stage">{{cite web|title= Emma Thompson: The World's Her Stage|author=Stasio, Marilyn|publisher=ontheissuesmagazine.com|date=Fall 1998|url= http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/1998fall/f98emma.php}}</ref> The movie would feature [[Antonio Banderas]] – another fan of Víctor Jara – as Jara himself where he would sing some of his songs and Emma Thompson as Víctor Jara's British wife Joan Jara.<ref name="Antonio Banderas se mete en la piel del poeta torturado">{{cite web|title= Antonio Banderas se mete en la piel del poeta torturado|author=Beatrice Sartori|publisher=elmundo.es|date=1999-01-07|url= http://www.elmundo.es/1999/01/07/cultura/07N0085.html|accessdate=2006-02-03}}</ref> The project has not yet been made into a film. UK poet Adrian Mitchell translated Jara and wrote the tribute 'Victor Jara' which Arlo Guthrie later set to music. The Soviet musician [[Alexander Gradsky]] created the [[rock opera]] ''Stadium (Стадион, Stadion)'' in 1985, based on the events surrounding Jara's death.<ref>[http://gradstad.narod.ru/ A website dedicated to the Alexander Gradsky's rock opera ''Stadium'' (''Stadion'')] {{ru icon}}</ref> [[Portugal|Portuguese]] folk band [[Brigada Víctor Jara]] is named after him. [[Bruce Springsteen]] and the [[E Street Band]]'s ''[[Wrecking Ball Tour]]'' made a stop in Chile on September 12, 2013 (Springsteen's first ever performance in the country), just days before the 40th anniversary of Jara's death. Springsteen, along with E Street Band guitarist [[Nils Lofgren]], paid tribute to Jara by covering his song, "Manifiesto," which Springsteen sang in Spanish. In a short speech before the song, Springsteen said (in Spanish): ''"In 1988 we played for [[Amnesty International]] in Mendoza, Argentina, but Chile was in our hearts. We met many families of ''[[forced disappearance|Desaparecidos]]'', which had pictures of their loved ones. It was a moment that stays with me forever. A political musician, Víctor Jara, remains a great inspiration. It’s a gift to be here and I take it with humbleness."''<ref>http://backstreets.com/news.html</ref> ==Songs mentioning Víctor Jara== * "Cancion Protesta" by Aterciopelados (Colombia). A tribute to protest songs. In the music video, Aterciopelados also make visual a quote from Víctor Jara, who said "The authentic revolutionary should be behind the guitar, so that the guitar becomes an instrument of struggle, so that it can also shoot like a gun." * Ki an eimai rock (lyrics Dora Sitzani-music Manos Loizos) by Vassilis Papakonstantinou * (Chilean brothers Rodstarz & G1 along with DJ illanoiz) [[Rebel Diaz]]'s ''Broken Hands Play Guitars'' is a tribute to Víctor Jara. * The Chilean group [[Inti-Illimani]] dedicated the songs ''Canto de las estrellas'' and "Cancion a Víctor" to Víctor Jara. *Dutch-Swedish singer-songwriter [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] recorded "Blues för Victor Jara" on his album ''Bananer - bland annat'' in 1980. *In 1975, Norwegian folksinger [[Lillebjørn Nilsen]] included a tribute song entitled "Victor Jara" on his album ''Byen Med Det Store Hjertet''. The same year the Swedish band [[Hoola Bandoola Band]] included their song ''Victor Jara'' on their album '''Fri information'''. *Belgian singer [[:fr: Julos Beaucarne]] relates the death of Víctor Jara in his song ''Lettre à Kissinger''.<ref>{{cite video | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1VxD6boMdg | title=Julos Beaucarne - Lettre a Kissinger | date=Dec 10, 2011}}</ref> *In 1976, French singer [[:fr: Jean-Max Brua]] dedicated to him a song called ''Jara'' on his album ''La Trêve de l’aube'' *French singer Pierre Chêne also wrote a song about Jara's death entitled ''Qui Donc Etait Cet Homme?'' *In 2004, Swiss singer [[:fr:: Michel Bühler]] published ''Chanson pour Victor Jara'', in his album ''Chansons têtues'' (EPM) *In 1976, [[Arlo Guthrie]] included a biographical song entitled ''Victor Jara'' on his album [[Amigo (Arlo Guthrie album)|Amigo]].<ref>[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r96278|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic link]</ref> The words were written by [[Adrian Mitchell]] and Arlo Guthrie wrote the music.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBv49PrR_nY Video of Adrian Mitchell's poem "Victor Jara," with music by Arlo Guthrie, performed by Guthrie and his band Shenandoah in 1978]</ref> *Former German folk duo ''[[Zupfgeigenhansel]]'' (Thomas Friz and Erich Schmeckenbecher) featured a live performance of their song ''Victor Jara'' as a last track on their 1978 LP ''Volkslieder III''. *[[The Clash]] sing about Jara in the song ''[[Washington Bullets (song)|Washington Bullets]]'' on their 1980 album ''[[Sandinista!]]''. [[Joe Strummer]] sings: {{cquote2|As every cell in Chile will tell, the cries of the tortured men. Remember Allende in the days before, before the army came. Please remember Victor Jara, in the Santiago Stadium. Es Verdad, those Washington Bullets again.}} *[[Holly Near]]'s ''Sing to me the Dream'' is a tribute to Víctor Jara. *British Jazz-Dance band [[Working Week (band)|Working Week]]'s debut single ''Venceremos (We will win)'' from their 1985 first album '''Working Nights''' is a tribute to Victor Jara. *The Southwestern American band [[Calexico (band)|Calexico]] open their 2008 album ''[[Carried to Dust]]'' with the song "Victor Jara's Hands". *[[Rory McLeod (singer-songwriter)|Rory McLeod]]'s title song on his album ''Angry Love'' is about Jara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rorymcleod.com/briefdescriptionsofrorysongs.htm |title=Brief Descriptions of some of Rory’s recorded and released songs |publisher=Rorymcleod.com |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref> *In 1987, [[U2]] included the track ''[[One Tree Hill (song)|One Tree Hill]]'' on their album, [[The Joshua Tree]] where [[Bono]] sings: "And in the world a heart of darkness, a fire zone. Where poets speak their heart, then bleed for it. Jara sang, his song a weapon, in the hands of love. Though his blood still cries from the ground." *[[Chuck Brodsky]] wrote and recorded ''The Hands of Victor Jara'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckbrodsky.com/music.html#LITD |title=Music |publisher=Chuck Brodsky |date= |accessdate=2013-07-18}}</ref> This 1996 tribute includes these words: <blockquote>The blood of Victor Jara<br> Will never wash away<br> It just keeps on turning<br> A little redder every day<br> As anger turns to hatred<br> And hatred turns to guns<br> Children lose their fathers<br> And mothers lose their sons</blockquote> * [[Ismael Serrano]], a Spanish singer included Jara's name and the name of the song ''Te Recuerdo Amanda'' in his ''Vine del Norte'' song on the album '''La Memoria de los Peces''', released in 1998.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ismaelserrano.com/discografia/lamemoriadelospeces.htm | title=La memoria de los peces (1998) | publisher=Ismael Serrano | accessdate=May 1, 2012}}</ref> *Irish folk artist [[Christy Moore]] recorded the song ''Victor Jara'' on his '''Live at the Point''' album *On Barnstormer's album '''Zero Tolerance''' (2004), [[Attila the Stockbroker]] mentions Jara in the song ''Death of a Salesman'', written just after the [[September 11 attacks]] on the [[World Trade Center]]. "You were there in Chile, 11 September '73. 28 years to the day - what a dreadful irony. Victor Jara singing 'midst the tortured and the dead. White House glasses clinking as Allende's comrades bled." *[[Marty Willson-Piper]], who plays guitar for [[The Church (band)|The Church]], included ''Song for Victor Jara'' on his 2009 solo album, '''Nightjar'''. *The Argentine rock group, [[Los Fabulosos Cadillacs]], remember Víctor Jara in their hit song, ''Matador'', with the lyrics "/Que suenan/son balas/me alcanzan/me atrapan/resiste/Víctor Jara no calla" ("What is that sound/It's bullets/They reach me/They trap me/Resist/Victor Jara is not silent") *[[Heaven Shall Burn]] wrote and performed two songs about him and his legacy called ''The Weapon They Fear'' & ''The Martyrs Blood''. *Spanish ska group [[Ska-P]] dedicated a song called ''Juan Sin Tierra'' to Jara (the song was originally written by Jorge Saldaña, and previously recorded by Jara), with the chorus going: {{cquote2|No olvidamos el valor de Víctor Jara/<br> dando la cara siempre a la represión/<br> le cortaron sus dedos y su lengua/<br> y hasta la muerte gritó revolución}} {{cquote2|We won't forget Victor Jara's courage/<br> always fighting oppression/<br> They cut off his fingers and his tongue/<br> And right up to his death he shouted 'Revolution'.}} *Tucson, AZ-based [[Calexico (band)|Calexico]] include a song called ''Víctor Jara's Hands'' on their 2008 album [[Carried to Dust]]. *Cuban rap group Eskuadron Patriota mentions Jara in their song ''Decadencia''. The song goes: "Como Víctor Jara diciendole a su pueblo: La libertad esta cerca" *The Peruvian ska band [[:es: Psicosis (banda)|Psicosis]] mentions Jara in their song ''Esto es Ska''. The chorus goes "Lo dijo Víctor Jara no nos puedes callar" ("Victor Jara said it, you can't silence us"). *Soviet, Byelorussian composer Igor Lutchenok wrote a song ''In memory of Victor Jara'' with lyrics by Boris Brusnikov which was first performed in 1974 by Byelorussian singer Victor Vuyachich and later was performed by Byelorussian folk-rock group [[Pesniary]] with an arrangement by the late [[Vladimir Mulyavin]]. *The Glasgow/Irish folk group The Wakes included a song called ''Víctor Jara'' on their album '''These Hands''' in 2008. *The San Francisco [[post-rock]] band [[From Monument to Masses]] samples excerpts from a reading of Jara's "[[Estadio Chile (poem)|Estadio Chile]]" on the track ''Deafening'', a song from their 2005 remix album ''Schools of Thought Contend''. *German singer [[Hannes Wader]] published his song ''Victor Jara'' on his album '''Wünsche''' in 2001. * Scottish singer/songwriter [[Bert Jansch]] had written his ''Let Me Sing'' about him. *Venezuelan singer/songwriter [[Alí Primera]] wrote his ''Canción para los valientes'' (''Song to the brave'') about Victor Jara. The song was included in the album of the same name in 1976. *British musician Marek Black's 2009 CD '''I Am A Train''' features the song ''The Hands of Victor Jara'' written by Marek Black. *Scottish Group [[Simple Minds]] released an album with the title track called ''Street Fighting Years'' dedicated to Victor Jara in 1989. *Welsh folk singer/songwriter [[Dafydd Iwan]] wrote a song called ''Cân Victor Jara'' (''Victor Jara's song'') that was released on his 1979 album '''Bod yn rhydd''' (''Being free''). *In 2011, London-based band [[The Melodic]] released a track titled ''[http://soundcloud.com/everybodysstalking/sets/melodica-melody-me-come Ode to Victor Jara]'' as the B-side to their limited release vinyl single "Come Outside". *American singer-songwriter [[Rod MacDonald]] wrote ''The Death Of Victor Jara'' in 1991, with the refrain "the hands of the poet still forever wave." The song is on his "And Then He Woke Up" CD (Gadfly Records). MacDonald met [[Phil Ochs]] on the eve of the 1973 concert, and sang for him a song he had just written about the Chilean coup. MacDonald has often introduced ''The Death Of Victor Jara'' by saying "I wish I could have played it for Phil." *American folk icon, the singer-songwriter and performer, [[Jack Hardy (singer-songwriter)|Jack Hardy]] (1947–2011), mentioned Victor Jara in ''I Ought to Know'', a song recorded on the album '''Omens''' in 2000. *Finnish punk rocker [[Pelle Miljoona]] mentions Victor Jara in his song ''Se elää''. *Turkish protest-rock band [[Bulutsuzluk Özlemi]] mentions about Jara in their song "Şili'ye Özgürlük" (Freedom To Chile) as a part of their 1990 album "Uçtu Uçtu". *Ska-Punk band from San Francisco [[La Plebe]] mentions Victor Jara on their song "Guerra Sucia" from their album "Brazo En Brazo" *The German Band "Freundeskreis" mentions Jara in their song "Leg dein Ohr auf die Schiene der Geschichte" ("Put your ear on the rails of history") published in 1997: "...C.I.A. - Chile ist amerikanisch, Victor Jara sang auf spanisch, seine Stimme mahnt Dich: Vergiss die Toten nicht, vergiss die Diktatur Despoten nicht, 1973..." ("...C.I.A. - Chile is American, Victor Jara sang in Spanish, his voice reminds/urges you: Don't forget the dead, don't forget the despots of dictatorship, 1973..."). After the word "spanisch" a short sample of Jara singing is inserted. ==Theatre work== *1959. ''Parecido à la Felicidad'' (Some kind of happiness), [[Alejandro Sieveking]] *1960. ''La Viuda de Apablaza'' (The Widow of Apablaza), Germán Luco Cruchaga (assistant director to Pedro de la Barra, founder of ''ITUCH''.) <ref>''Instituto de Teatro de la Universidad de Chile'' (Theatre Institute belonging to the [[University of Chile]])</ref> *1960. ''[[La Mandragola]],'' [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] *1961. La Madre de los Conejos (Mother rabbit), [[Alejandro Sieveking]] (assistant director to Agustín Siré) *1962. ''Ánimas de Día Claro'' (Daylight Spirits), [[Alejandro Sieveking]] *1963. ''[[Caucasian Chalk Circle]]'', [[Bertold Brecht]] (assistant director to Atahualpa del Cioppo) *1963. ''Los Invasores'' (The Intruders), [[Egon Wolff]] *1963. ''Dúo'' (Duet), [[Raúl Ruiz (director)|Raúl Ruiz]] *1963. ''Parecido à la Felicidad'' (Some kind of happiness), [[Alejandro Sieveking]] (version for Chilean television) *1965. ''La Remolienda'', [[Alejandro Sieveking]] *1965. ''The Knack'', [[Ann Jellicoe]] *1966. ''[[Marat/Sade]],'' [[Peter Ulrich Weiss]] (assistant director to William Oliver.) <ref name="Marat/Sade in Santiago (Educational Theatre Journal 1967)"> {{cite web|title=Marat/Sade in Santiago. Educational Theatre Journal 1967)|author=Oliver, William|publisher=jstor.org|date=2002-10-13|url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-1989%28196712%2919%3A4%3C486%3A%22IS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage|accessdate=2007-01-06}}</ref> *1966. ''La Casa Vieja'' (The old house), Abelardo Estorino *1967. ''La Remolienda'', [[Alejandro Sieveking]] (redirects) *1967. ''La Viuda de Apablaza'' (The Widow of Apablaza), Germán Luco Cruchaga (as director) *1968. ''[[Entertaining Mr. Sloane]]'', [[Joe Orton]] *1969. ''[[Viet Rock]]'', [[Megan Terry]] *1969. ''[[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigone]]'', [[Sophocles]] *1972. Directed the ballet and musical homage to [[Pablo Neruda]] which coincided with the poets return to Chile after being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. ==Discography== ===Studio albums=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year of release !Title |- |1966 |''[[Víctor Jara (Geografía)]]'' |- |1967 |''[[Canciones folklóricas de América]] (with [[Quilapayún]])'' |- |1967 |''[[Víctor Jara (album)|Víctor Jara]]'' |- |1969 |''[[Pongo en tus manos abiertas]]'' |- |1970 |''[[Canto libre]]'' |- |1971 |''[[El derecho de vivir en paz]]'' |- |1972 |''[[La Población]]'' |- |1973 |''[[Canto por travesura]]'' |- |''1974'' <small>(Estimated release)</small> |''[[Tiempos que cambian|Tiempos que cambian (unfinished)]]'' |- |1974 |''[[Manifiesto (album)|Manifiesto]]'' |} ===Live albums=== *''Víctor Jara en Vivo'' (1974) *''El Recital'' (1983) *''Víctor Jara en México'', WEA International (1996) *''Habla y Canta en la Habana Cuba'', WEA International (2001) *''En Vivo en el Aula Magna de la Universidad de Valparaíso'', WEA International (2003) ===Compilations=== *''Te recuerdo Amanda'', Fonomusic (1974) *''Vientos del Pueblo'', Monitor – U.S. (1976) *''Canto Libre'', Monitor (1977) *''An Unfinished Song'', Redwood Records (1984) *''Todo Víctor Jara'', EMI (1992) *''[[20 Años Después]]'', Fonomusic (1992) *''[[The Rough Guide to the Music of the Andes]]'', [[World Music Network]] (1996) *''Víctor Jara presente, colección “Haciendo Historia”'', Odeon (1997) *''Te Recuerdo, Víctor'', Fonomusic (2000) *''Antología Musical'', Warner Bros. Records (2001) 2CDs *''1959-1969 – Víctor Jara'', EMI Odeon (2001) 2CDs *''Latin Essential: Victor Jara'', (WEA) 2CDs (2003) *''Colección Víctor Jara'' – Warner Bros. Records (2004) (8CD Box) *''Víctor Jara. Serie de Oro. Grandes Exitos'', EMI (2005) ===Tribute albums=== *''An Evening with Salvador Allende'', VA - U.S. (1974) <ref>''An Evening with Salvador Allende'' was a recording of the ''Friends of Chile'' benefit concert held in New York City (1974) to honor [[Salvador Allende|Allende]], [[Pablo Neruda|Neruda]] and Víctor Jara. The double album appeared as a limited edition several years after the concert event; it was never reissued after its limited release. It featured [[Melanie Safka|Melanie]], [[Bob Dylan]], the [[Beach Boys]], [[Phil Ochs]] and it was where [[Pete Seeger]] for the first time performed an English translation of Víctor Jara's last poem: ''Estadio Chile''.</ref> *''A Víctor Jara'', Raímon - Spain (1974) *''Het Recht om in Vrede te Leven'', [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] - Nederlands (1977) *''[[Cornelis sjunger Victor Jara]], Rätten till ett eget liv'', [[Cornelis Vreeswijk]] - Sweden (1979) *''Omaggio a Victor Jara'', Ricardo Pecoraro - Italy (1980) *''Quilapayún Canta a Violeta Parra, Víctor Jara y Grandes Maestros Populares'', [[Quilapayún]] - Chile (1985) *''Konzert für Víctor Jara'' VA - Germany (1998) *''Inti-illimani performs Victor Jara'', [[Inti-illimani]] - Chile (1999) *''Conosci Victor Jara?'', [[Daniele Sepe]] - Italy (2001) *''Tributo a Víctor Jara'', VA - Latin America/Spain (2004) *''Tributo Rock a Víctor Jara'', VA - Argentina (2005) *''Lonquen: Tributo a Víctor Jara'', Francesca Ancarola - Chile (2007) ==Documentaries and films== The following are films or documentaries about and/or featuring Víctor Jara: *''El Tigre Saltó y Mató, Pero Morirá…Morirá…''. Director: [[Santiago Álvarez]] – Cuba (1973) *''Compañero: Víctor Jara of Chile.'' Directors: Stanley Foreman/Martin Smith (Documentary) – UK (1974) *''Il Pleut sur Santiago.'' Director: Helvio Soto – France/Bulgaria (1976) *''Ein April hat 30 Tage.'' Director: Gunther Scholz - East Germany (1978) *''El Cantor.'' Director: [[Dean Reed]] – East Germany (1978) *''El Derecho de Vivir en Paz.'' Director: Carmen Luz Parot - Chile (1999) *''Freedom Highway: Songs That Shaped a Century.'' Director: Philip King – Ireland (2001) *''La Tierra de las 1000 Músicas [Episode 6: La Protesta].'' Directors: Luis Miguel González Cruz/Joaquín Luqui – Spain (2005) *''Phil Ochs: There But for Fortune Director: Kenneth Bowser (2010) ==See also== *[[Nueva canción]] * [[List of peace activists]] *[[1973 Chilean coup d'état]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} == References == *Jara, Joan (1983). ''Victor: An Unfinished Song''. Jonathan Cape, London. ISBN 0-224-01880-9 *{{cite book|last=Lowenfels|first=Walter|title=For Neruda, for Chile: An International Anthology|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uRk4AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=26 September 2013|year=1975|publisher=Beacon Press|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-8070-6383-5|ref=harv}} *Kósichev, Leonard. (1990). ''La guitarra y el poncho de Víctor Jara''. Progress Publishers, Moscow ==External links== {{Sister project links | wikt=no | commons=Category:Victor Jara | v=no | q=Víctor Jara | s=no | b=no }} ===Resources in English=== *[http://www.historyisaweapon.com/defcon1/jaraunfinsong.html Three chapters from Victor: An Unfinished Song by Joan Jara] *[http://www.nuevacancion.net/victor/ Discography] *[http://www.soundsandcolours.com/articles/chile/victor-jara-the-martyred-musician-of-nueva-cancion-chilena/ Victor Jara: The Martyred Musician of Nueva Cancion Chilena] *[http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html#chile Background materials on the Chilean Workers' Movement in the 1970s] *[http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/chile/chile_1993_toc.html Report of the Chilean National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation] *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/hasrg/german/exhibit/GDRposters/jara.html GDR Poster Art: Víctor Jara] *[http://jack7.free.fr/archives/jara/victor.html Victor Jara tabs] *{{Find a Grave|7943947}} *[http://www.counterpunch.org/cantor08282008.html "Who Killed Victor Jara?", Professor Paul Cantor, Norwalk Community College, Connecticut] * {{IMDb title|0075978|El Cantor}} ===Resources in Spanish=== *[http://www.fundacionvictorjara.cl/ Fundación Víctor Jara ] *[http://www.cancioneros.com/ Lyrics of all his Songs] *[http://www.nuevacancion.net/victor/ Discography] *[http://www.sancristobal.cult.cu/sitios/che/canciones.htm Che, Guía y Ejemplo:] - Songs of Víctor Jara dedicated to Che Guevara *[http://www.ddhh.gov.cl/DDHH_informes_rettig.html Informe de la Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación (Informe Rettig)] *[http://www.patriagrande.net/chile/victor.jara/index.html Vientos del Pueblo: Un Homenaje a Víctor Jara] {{Portal bar|Biography|Chile|Communism|Latin American music}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Jara, Victor | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Chilean actor-politician | DATE OF BIRTH = 1932-09-28 | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 1973-09-15 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jara, Victor}} [[Category:1932 births]] [[Category:1973 deaths]] [[Category:Academics]] [[Category:Anti-fascists]] [[Category:Assassinated Chilean people]] [[Category:Chilean actors]] [[Category:Chilean educators]] [[Category:Chilean folk singers]] [[Category:Chilean poets]] [[Category:Chilean singer-songwriters]] [[Category:Chilean theatre directors]] [[Category:Chilean Christians]] [[Category:Chilean torture victims]] [[Category:Chilean people of indigenous peoples descent]] [[Category:Deaths by firearm in Chile]] [[Category:Chilean people of European descent]] [[Category:Executed writers]] [[Category:Former Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Latin American folk singers]] [[Category:Marxist humanists]] [[Category:Murdered musicians]] [[Category:Nueva canción musicians]] [[Category:People from Chillán]] [[Category:University of Chile alumni]] [[Category:Chilean Marxists]] [[Category:People murdered in Chile]] [[Category:Communist Party of Chile politicians]] [[Category:University of Santiago, Chile alumni]]'