Examine individual changes

'{{About|an artificial total diet substitute|other uses |Soylent (disambiguation)}} [[File:Homemade-Soylent.jpg|thumb|A homemade batch of Soylent, immediately after preparation|upright=1.5]] '''Soylent''' is an [[open source]]d food [[substitute good|substitute]] intended to supply all of a human body's daily [[nutrition]]al needs, made from [[maltodextrin]], [[rice protein]], [[oat]] flour, [[canola oil]], [[fish oil]], and [[essential vitamin|raw chemical powders]].<ref name="Scutti"/> Soylent was created by software engineer Rob Rhinehart; it is intended to supply all the [[nutrient]]s needed by the human body without the time, money, and effort that usually goes into preparing food.<ref name=Lallanilla/> After researching nutritional requirement, Rhinehart developed the formula by [[self-experimentation]] based on [[Autodidacticism|his own research]] online and through textbooks, and [[scientific journal]]s.<ref name=Finley/><ref name=Storr/> Rhinehart named it after a fictional food from the 1966 novel ''[[Make Room! Make Room!]]'',<ref name=Varughese /> further popularized in the 1973 film ''[[Soylent Green]]''. A commercial version of Soylent has been created through a [[crowdfunding]] campaign and [[venture capital]] that raised over US$3,500,000.<ref name="Scutti"/> The funding paid for additional research and modification of the formula. The first shipments of U.S. orders began in the first week of May 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discourse.soylent.me/t/soylent-update-5-1/12590 |title=Soylent Update |publisher=Discourse.soylent.me |date= May 1, 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-06}}</ref> == Development process and health concerns == {{As of|2013|05}}, Soylent had been tested by Rhinehart himself and by a handful of volunteers as well as individuals recreating the substance independently at home.<ref name=Storr/><ref name=Davis/> Modifications to the ingredient list have occurred in response to results incurred in testing, for example: the first version of the formula omitted iron, which Rhinehart reported caused his heart to race.<ref name=gruel/> In other early experiments, intentionally induced overdoses of potassium and magnesium gave Rhinehart cardiac [[arrhythmia]] and burning sensations.<ref name=gruel/> After the early recipe had stabilized, Rhinehart found himself suffering from joint pain due to a sulfur deficiency. [[Methylsulfonylmethane]] was added to address this problem.<ref name=gruel/><ref name=month3/> The fundamental basis of the assumptions made by Soylent are disputed; with focus on the fact that, because digestion is a complex phenomenon and there is not a simple linear relationship between nutrient ingestion and nutrient absorption, many factors contribute to nutrient absorption in the human body.<ref>Campbell, T. Colin. Whole: Rethinking the Science of Nutrition. BenBella Books Inc, 2013.</ref> With respect to the suitability of the product for general consumption, homemade Soylent is made without the kinds of regulatory safeguards and fine-tunings followed when making artificial diets such as [[medical food]].<ref name="Matthews" /> However, Soylent manufactured by the Soylent company as a commercial product utilizes ingredients GRAS ([[Generally Recognized as Safe]]) <ref name="Soylent_FAQ_GRAS"/> by the United States FDA. == Cost == In September 2013, Rhinehart said he would like to get Soylent down to a cost of US$5 per day.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hutchinson |first=Lee |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/09/ars-does-soylent-the-finale-soylent-dreams-for-people/ |title=Ars does Soylent, the finale: Soylent dreams for people |publisher=Ars Technica |date=September 5, 2013 |accessdate=2014-05-06}}</ref> As of April 2013, Rhinehart stated he was spending US$154.62 per month on Soylent, yielding a diet of {{convert|11,000|kJ|kcal|lk=in}} per day<ref name=Pomeroy/> while a medical food such as Jevity would cost US$456 per month to get {{convert|8,400|kJ|kcal}}.<ref name=Matthews/> For comparison, a family of four in the [[United States]] can purchase food for approximately US$584 per month (avoiding eating out)<ref name=gruel/> which is slightly less than multiplying Rhinehart's base Soylent cost by four. Upon the shipping of Soylent 1.0 in May 2014, Soylent has differing pricing options for 1, 2 or 4 weeks of Soylent delivered either monthly or just one-time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.soylent.me/post/84876359012/soylent-website-launch |title=Soylent Website Launch |publisher=Soylent |date=May 5, 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-23}}</ref> == Ingredients == Below are the ingredients used initially in the manufacture of Soylent after 30 days of experimentation.<ref name=ingredients/> Many are not readily available and must be ordered from laboratory supply stores.<ref name=Lallanilla/> {{colbegin}} * [[Carbohydrate]]s (400&nbsp;g), in the form of [[oligosaccharide]]s such as [[maltodextrin]] * [[Protein]] (50&nbsp;g), in a powdered form such as [[rice protein]] * [[Fat]] (65&nbsp;g), in the form of [[olive oil]] * [[Sodium]] (2.4&nbsp;g), from [[table salt]] * [[Potassium]] (3.5&nbsp;g), in the form of [[potassium gluconate]] * [[Chloride]] (3.4&nbsp;g), also from table salt * [[Dietary fiber|Fiber]] (5&nbsp;g) * [[Calcium]] (1&nbsp;g), in the form of [[calcium carbonate]] * [[Iron]] (18&nbsp;mg), from an iron chelate * [[Phosphorus]] (1&nbsp;g), from [[monosodium phosphate]] * [[Iodine]] (150&nbsp;μg) * [[Magnesium]] (400&nbsp;mg) * [[Zinc]] (15&nbsp;mg) * [[Selenium]] (70&nbsp;μg) * [[Copper]] (2&nbsp;mg) * [[Manganese]] (2&nbsp;mg) * [[Chromium]] (120&nbsp;μg) * [[Molybdenum]] (75&nbsp;μg) * [[Vitamin A]] (5000&nbsp;IU) * [[Vitamin B6]] (6&nbsp;μg) * [[Vitamin C]] (60&nbsp;mg) * [[Vitamin D]] (400&nbsp;IU) * [[Vitamin E]] (30&nbsp;IU) * [[Vitamin K]] (80&nbsp;μg) * [[Thiamin]] (1.5&nbsp;mg) * [[Riboflavin]] (1.7&nbsp;mg) * [[Niacin]] (20&nbsp;mg) * [[Folic acid|Folate]] (400&nbsp;μg) * [[Biotin]] (300&nbsp;μg) * [[Pantothenic acid]] (10&nbsp;mg) ;Non-essential ingredients: * [[Lycopene]] (500&nbsp;μg) * [[Omega-3 fatty acid]]s (750&nbsp;mg) * [[Ginseng]] (50&nbsp;μg) * [[Ginkgo biloba]] (100&nbsp;μg) * [[Lutein]] (500&nbsp;μg) * [[alpha-Carotene]] (140&nbsp;μg) * [[Vanadium]] (100&nbsp;μg) {{colend}} == Nutrition == The following summarizes the nutrition facts and ingredients for Soylent 1.0.<ref name="nutrition">{{cite web | url=http://blog.soylent.me/post/74770956256/soylent-1-0-final-nutrition | title=Soylent 1.0 Final Nutrition | work=Soylent | date=27 January 2014 | accessdate=13 March 2014}}</ref> The nutrition facts are based on one serving of {{convert|148|g}}.<ref name="nutrition" /> Each Soylent pouch contains 3 servings. {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" |+ Nutrition Facts |- !colspan="4" style="text-align: left;"|Serving size (148 g) |- !colspan="4" style="text-align: left;"|Servings per container 3 |- ! style="width:20%; text-align:left;"|Amount per Serving ! style="width:30%; text-align:left;"| ! style="width:5%; text-align:center;"|Soylent Powder ! style="width:5%; text-align:center;"|with Oil Packet |- | '''Calories''' | | style="text-align: center;"|510 | style="text-align: center;"|670 |- | &nbsp;&nbsp;Calories from Fat | | style="text-align: center;"|45 | style="text-align: center;"|210 |- | &nbsp; |- !colspan="2"| !colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| % Daily Value |- | '''Total Fat''' | 5 g | style="text-align: center;"|8% | style="text-align: center;"|37% |- | &nbsp;&nbsp;Saturated Fat | 1 g | style="text-align: center;"|5% | style="text-align: center;"|15% |- | &nbsp;&nbsp;Trans Fat | 0 g |- | '''Cholesterol''' | 0&nbsp;mg | style="text-align: center;"|0% | style="text-align: center;"|0% |- | '''Sodium''' | 350&nbsp;mg | style="text-align: center;"|15% | style="text-align: center;"|15% |- | '''Potassium''' | 1155&nbsp;mg | style="text-align: center;"|33% | style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | '''Total Carbohydrate''' | 84 g | style="text-align: center;"|28% | style="text-align: center;"|28% |- | &nbsp;&nbsp;Dietary Fiber | 8 g | style="text-align: center;"|32% | style="text-align: center;"|32% |- | &nbsp;&nbsp;Sugars | 2g |- | '''Protein''' | 38 g |} {{col-2}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" |+ Nutrition Facts (''continued'') |- !| !colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"| % Daily Value |- | Vitamin A |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Vitamin C |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Calcium |style="text-align: center;"|40% |style="text-align: center;"|40% |- | Iron |style="text-align: center;"|40% |style="text-align: center;"|40% |- | Vitamin D |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Vitamin E |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|47% |- | Vitamin K |style="text-align: center;"|37% |style="text-align: center;"|52% |- | Thiamin |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Riboflavin |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Niacin |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Vitamin B6 |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Folate |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Vitamin B12 |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Biotin |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Pantothenic Acid |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Iodine |style="text-align: center;"|57% |style="text-align: center;"|57% |- | Magnesium |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Zinc |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Selenium |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Copper |style="text-align: center;"|37% |style="text-align: center;"|37% |- | Manganese |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Chromium |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |- | Molybdenum |style="text-align: center;"|33% |style="text-align: center;"|33% |} {{col-end}} == See also == {{portal|Food}} * [[Liquid diet]] * [[Nutraloaf]] * [[Plumpy'nut]] * [[Ambronite]] * [[Protein shake]] * [[Therapeutic food]] == References == {{Reflist|colwidth=32em|refs= <ref name="Lallanilla">{{cite news | url=http://www.livescience.com/27908-soylent-meal-replacement.html | title=Who Needs Food When You Have Soylent? | work=LiveScience | date=March 14, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-13 | author=Lallanilla, Marc}}</ref> <ref name="Varughese">{{cite news | url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/14272/20130315/rob-rhinehart-24-creates-soylent-why-never-food-bolemia-diet-weight-exercise-health-nutrition-eating.htm | title=Rob Rhinehart, 24, Creates Soylent: Why You Never Have To Eat Food Again | work=Medical Daily | date=March 15, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-13 | author=Varughese, Ansa}}</ref> <ref name="Finley">{{cite news | url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/03/silicon-valley-tries-to-reinvent-food-literally/ | title=Silicon Valley And The Reinvention Of Food | work=TechCrunch | date=May 3, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-13 | author=Finley, Klint}}</ref> <ref name="Matthews">{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/14/rob-rhinehart-has-a-crazy-plan-to-let-you-go-without-food-forever-it-just-might-work/ | title=Rob Rhinehart has a crazy plan to let you go without food forever. It just might work. | work=Washington Post | date=March 14, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-14 | author=Matthews, Dylan}}</ref> <ref name="Storr">{{cite news | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/active/10032594/The-man-who-lives-without-food.html | title=The man who lives without food | work=The Telegraph | date=May 6, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-13 | author=Storr, Will | location=London}}</ref> <ref name=Pomeroy>{{cite news | url=http://www.realclearscience.com/articles/2013/04/01/evaluating_soylent_can_man_survive_on_goop_alone_106496.html | title='Soylent': Can Man Survive on Goop Alone? | work=Real Clear Science | date=April 1, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-27 | author=Pomeroy, Ross}}</ref> <ref name=gruel>{{cite news|title=Gruel today, gruel tomorrow|url=http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2013/05/nutrition|publisher=[[The Economist]] |accessdate=27 May 2013|date=May 25, 2013}}</ref> <ref name="month3">{{cite web | url=http://robrhinehart.com/?p=570 | title=Soylent Month Three | work=Mostly Harmless | date=April 25, 2013 | accessdate=2013-05-27 | author=Rhinehart, Rob}}</ref> <ref name="ingredients">{{cite web | url=http://robrhinehart.com/?p=424 | title=What's In Soylent | work=Mostly Harmless | accessdate=2013-05-14 | author=Rhinehart, Rob}}</ref> <ref name="Davis">{{cite news | url=http://io9.com/could-soylent-really-replace-all-of-the-food-in-your-di-510890007 | title=Could Soylent really replace all of the food in your diet? | work=io9 | date=June 2, 2013 | accessdate=2013-06-02 | author=Davis, Lauren}}</ref> <ref name="Scutti">{{cite news | url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/can-soylent-new-crowd-funded-nutritional-drink-back-its-claims-eat-all-healthy-body-needs-9day | title=Can Soylent, A New Crowd-Funded Nutritional Drink, Back Its Claims? Eat All A Healthy Body Needs For $9/Day | work=Medical Daily | date=February 18, 2014 | accessdate=2014-03-14 | author=Scutti, Susan}}</ref> <ref name="Soylent_FAQ_GRAS">{{cite web | title=Soylent FAQ - Is it safe? | url=http://soylent.me/#faq | date=June 1,2014 | accessdate=2014-03-14 | author=Soylent Corporation}}</ref> }} == External links == * {{official website|http://www.soylent.me}} * [http://robrhinehart.com/?p=298 Rob Rhinehart's blog] * [http://www.rosalabs.com Rosa Labs] official web site * [http://www.makesoylent.com/recipes List of Soylent recipes] * [http://motherboard.vice.com/blog/soylent-no-food-for-30-days "How I Ate No Food for 30 Days"], ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' Motherboard, November 12, 2013 <!-- <ref name="Hutchinson">{{cite news | url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/03/future-food-soylent-delayed-again-now-arriving-in-mid-to-late-april/ | title=Future food Soylent delayed again—now arriving in mid-to-late April | work=Medical Daily | date=February 18, 2014 | accessdate=2014-03-14 | author=Hutchinson, Lee}}</ref> --> * [http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/05/19/solyent-neoliberalism-and-the-politics-of-life-hacking/ Soylent, Neoliberalism and the Politics of Life Hacking] (2014-05-19), [[Jeff Sparrow]], ''[[CounterPunch]]'' {{Diets}} [[Category:2013 introductions]] [[Category:Diets]]'