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'{{Use British English|date=October 2011}} {{Infobox UK place |static_image_name = Knaresborough view.jpg |static_image_caption = View of the [[River Nidd]] from the ruins of [[Knaresborough Castle]] |country = England |official_name = Knaresborough |latitude = 54.0084 |longitude = -1.467 |population = 14,740 |shire_district = [[Harrogate (borough)|Harrogate]] |region = Yorkshire and the Humber |shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]] |constituency_westminster = [[Harrogate and Knaresborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Harrogate and Knaresborough]] |post_town = KNARESBOROUGH |postcode_district = HG5 |postcode_area = HG |dial_code = 01423 |os_grid_reference = SE350570 | london_distance_mi = 186 | london_direction = SE }} '''Knaresborough''' {{IPAc-en|n|ɛər|z|b|(ə)|r|ə}} is an historic [[market town]], [[spa town]] and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[Harrogate (borough)|Borough of Harrogate]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] part of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire]], it is located on the [[River Nidd]], {{convert|4|mi|km|1}} east from the centre of [[Harrogate]]. ==History== <!--to be written?--> Knaresborough is mentioned in the ''[[Domesday Book]]'' as ''Chenaresburg'', meaning 'Cenheard's fortress'.<ref>Victor Watts (ed.), ''The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), s.v. ''KNARESBOROUGH''.</ref><ref name="domesday">{{cite web|title=A Brief History|work=Harrogate council|url=http://www.harrogate.gov.uk/pdf/HBCDatafile04_pt2.pdf|year=2004|accessdate=24 July 2007}}</ref> [[Knaresborough Castle]] dates from [[Normans|Norman]] times;<ref name="KO">{{cite web|title=Knaresborough Castle|work=Knaresborough online|url=http://www.knaresborough.co.uk/castle/history.htm|year=2005|accessdate=24 July 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927043253/http://www.knaresborough.co.uk/castle/history.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 September 2007}}</ref> around 1100, the town began to grow and provide a market and attract traders to service the castle. The present parish church, St John's, was established around this time. The earliest name for a Lord of Knaresborough is from around 1115 when Serlo de Burgh held the 'Honour of Knaresborough' from the King.<ref>Turner, Dr Maurice. (1990). ''A Brief History of Knaresborough''</ref> [[Hugh de Morville, Lord of Westmorland|Hugh de Morville]] was granted the Honour of Knaresborough in 1158. He was constable of Knaresborough and leader of the group of four knights who murdered Archbishop [[Thomas Becket]] at [[Canterbury Cathedral]] on 29 December 1170. The four knights fled to Knaresborough and hid at the castle. Hugh de Morville forfeited the lands in 1173, not for his implication in the murder of Thomas Becket, but for "complicity in the rebellion of young [[Henry II of England|Henry]]", according to the Early Yorkshire Charters. The Honour of Knaresborough then passed to the Stuteville family. When the Stuteville line was broken with the death of [[Robert de Stuteville]] the 4th in 1205, [[John of England|King John]] effectively took the Honour of Knaresborough for himself.<ref>http://www.knaresborough.co.uk/history/family/stuteville.asp</ref> The first [[Maundy Money]] was distributed in Knaresborough by [[John of England|King John]] on 15 April 1210.<ref name="HK">{{cite book |first=Arnold |last=Kellett |year=1991 |title=Historic Knaresborough|isbn=978-1-870071-66-6}}</ref><ref>Kellett, Arnold. ''Knaresborough'' (2003) The History Press Ltd. ISBN 0-7524-3017-3.</ref> Knaresborough Forest, which extended far to the south of the town, is reputed to have been one of King John's favourite hunting grounds. Although a market was first mentioned in 1206, the town was not granted a Royal Charter to hold a market until 1310, by [[Edward II]]. A market is still held every Wednesday in the market square. During Edward II's reign, the castle was occupied by rebels and the curtain walls were breached by a siege engine. Later, Scots invaders burned much of the town and the parish church. In 1328, as part of the marriage settlement, [[Queen Philippa]] was granted "the Castle, Town, Forest and Honour of Knaresborough" by [[Edward III]] and the parish church was restored. After her death in 1369, the Honour was granted by Edward to their younger son, [[John of Gaunt]], the Duke of Lancaster and since then the castle has belonged to the Duchy of Lancaster. After the accession of Henry IV the castle lost much of its importance in national affairs, but remained a key site in regional administration for another century. During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]], following the [[Battle of Marston Moor]] in 1644, the castle was besieged by Parliamentary forces. The castle eventually fell and in 1646 an order was made by Parliament for its destruction (but not carried out till 1648). The destruction was mainly done by citizens looting the stone. Many town centre buildings are built of 'castle stone'. ==Culture and community== Knaresborough House on the High Street houses Knaresborough Town Council and of the Yorkshire Federation of Young Farmers' Clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yfyfc.org.uk/|title=Yorkshire Federation of Young Farmers Clubs|accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref> Knaresborough hosts the annual Bed Race, held on the second Saturday of June. The event was first staged in 1966; An annual town centre arts summer festival, FEVA (Festival of Entertainment and Visual Arts), has run since 2001.<ref>[http://www.feva.info/ FEVA – Knaresborough Festival of Entertainment and Visual Arts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The town was used in the opening election sequence in the first episode of the ITV comedy series ''[[The New Statesman]]'' and some exterior shots for the series were filmed around Knaresborough.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} ==Landmarks== [[File:KnaresboroughDroppingWell.jpg|thumb|right|The Dropping Well in 1985, showing a selection of petrified toys]] Sights in the town include the remains of [[Knaresborough Castle]], [[Ursula Southeil|Mother Shipton]]'s Cave, the House in the Rock, and St Roberts Cave (dating from the [[Middle Ages]]). Knaresborough is the site of Ye Oldest Chymist Shoppe in England, opened in 1720 and the Courthouse Museum in the castle grounds. The principal areas of public open space are the [[Knaresborough Castle]] grounds, Horseshoe Field, the [[King George's Fields|King George V Playing Field]] and Jacob Smith Park, a {{convert|30|acre|ha}} parkland on the edge of the town, bequeathed to Knaresborough by Miss Winifred Jacob Smith in 2003.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ripongazette.co.uk/news/ripon/park-is-left-for-public-to-enjoy-1-2675423 |title=Park is left for public to enjoy |publisher=Rippon Gazette |date=24 December 2003 |accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref> Near to the castle are Bebra Gardens, formerly the Moat Gardens, renamed after Knaresborough's twin town in [[Germany]]. The Commercial (formerly Borough Bailiff) public house, owned by the [[Samuel Smith Brewery]], is the oldest pub in Knaresborough.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} ==Transport== Knaresborough is served by [[Knaresborough railway station]], on the [[Harrogate Line]] between [[Leeds]] and [[York]]. The town is four miles from junction 47 of the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1 (M)]] Motorway (Great North Road), and on the [[A59 road|A59]] which links [[York]] and [[Wallasey]]. It is further served by [[Transdev]] and Connexions who both run buses in the area. ==Religion== The [[Bishop of Knaresborough]] is a [[suffragan bishop]] in the [[Diocese of Ripon and Leeds]]. [[File:Blind Jack statue, Knaresborough (19th March 2013).JPG|thumb|180px|left|Statue of Blind Jack Metcalf in the market square]] ==Sport== [[Knaresborough Town F.C.]] are the town's predominant [[association football|football]] team and are based at Manse Lane; they play in the [[West Yorkshire Football League]]. Youth football is catered for by Knaresborough Celtic who provide youth football with junior teams from Under 6s to Under 17s. Scotton Scorchers offer youth football for boys from the under 6s to under 12s and girls to under 17's. Knaresborough Town are also developing youth football. The town has two cricket clubs. Knaresborough Forest Cricket Club were Nidderdale League Division 3 winners in 2005, afterwards promoted from Division 2 as runners-up in the following season. Knaresborough Cricket Club have a ground on Aspin Lane, where adult teams play in the Airedale & Wharfedale Senior Cricket League and junior teams play in the Nidderdale Junior Cricket League. On 6 July 2014, Stage 2 of the 2014 [[Tour de France]] from York to Sheffield, passed through the town.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.com/le-tour/2014/us/stage-2.html|title=Tour de France Stage 1|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref> ==Notable people== * [[Robert of Knaresborough|St Robert]], a 12th-century hermit whose cave can be found near the River Nidd. * [[Ursula Southeil]], known as Mother Shipton, was a medieval seer said to have been born in a cave south of the town. * [[John Metcalf (civil engineer)|John Metcalf]], known as "Blind Jack", lost his sight in childhood and was a violin player, local guide, bridgebuilder and roadmaker. A [[public house]] in the market square bears his name. * [[Robert Aagaard]], a Knaresborough manufacturer, founded the youth movement Cathedral Camps. * [[Eugene Aram]], the 18th century scholar and murderer lived here. * [[James Harry Lacey|Squadron Leader James Harry "Ginger" Lacey]] DFM & Bar, Second World War RAF fighter pilot, attended school in Knaresborough. * [[Charles Farrar Forster]], the first vicar of [[Church of St Michael and All Angels, Beckwithshaw|Beckwithshaw Church]], was born here in 1848.<ref>Birth cert: Mar 1848, Forster, Charles Farrar, Knaresborough 23/357</ref> {{Clear left}} ==Geography== <br> {{NSEW|[[Boroughbridge]]|[[Wetherby]]|[[York]]|[[Harrogate]]|||||}} hahahahaha ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category inline|Knaresborough}}<br> {{Wikivoyage-inline}} {{North Yorkshire}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2011}} [[Category:Knaresborough| ]] [[Category:Market towns in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Nidderdale]] [[Category:Spa towns in England]] [[Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Post towns in the HG postcode area]]'