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Variables generated for this change
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount ) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name ) | '86.146.229.123' |
Age of the user account (user_age ) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups ) | [
0 => '*'
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Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile ) | false |
Page ID (page_id ) | 1430307 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Nicotine patch' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Nicotine patch' |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors ) | [
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Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '' |
Whether or not the edit is marked as minor (no longer in use) (minor_edit ) | false |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Cleanup|date=July 2009}}
[[Image:Nicoderm.JPG||thumb|right|A 21 mg dose [[Nicoderm]] CQ patch applied to the left arm]]
A '''nicotine patch''' is a [[transdermal patch]] that releases [[nicotine]] into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in [[nicotine replacement therapy]] (NRT), a process for [[smoking cessation]]. The first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984<ref>{{cite pmid | 6734425 }}</ref> by Jed E. Rose, Ph.D., Murray E. Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes.<ref>{{cite pmid | 4042528 }}</ref> Frank Etscorn filed a patent in the [[United States]] on January the 23rd 1985 and was issued the patent on July 1, 1986.<ref>{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4597961 | status = | title = | pubdate = | gdate = | fdate = | pridate = | inventor =Etscorn, FT | invent1 = | invent2 = | assign1 = | assign2 = | class = }}</ref> The University of California filed a competing patent application nearly 3 years after Etscorn's filing on February the 19th, 1988, which was granted on May 1, 1990.<ref>{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4920989 }}</ref> Subsequently, the U.S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, after a thorough review of conception, reduction to practice and patent filing dates, issued on September 29, 1993 a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adverse Decisions in Interference|url=http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/1995/week08/patadve.htm|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=21 February 1995|publisher= Board of Patent Appeals & Interferences|author=OLIVIA M. DUVALL}}</ref> Eventually New Mexico Tech and Etscorn won discovery.
==Issues==
===Efficacy===
Dozens of clinical trials have shown that the patch approximately doubles success rates over placebo treatment. Placebo tests show a 5.9% success rate, in comparison to the 7.2% blind active tests, and the 10.8% open tests.<ref>{{cite web|last=Renshaw|first=Amy|title=The Real Story Behind the Nicotine Patch and Smoking Cessation|url=http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/health-patch.htm|work=vanderbilt.edu|publisher=Vanderbilt University|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. April 2009</ref>
===Toxicity===
Analysis of nicotine patches has shown that they contain [[tobacco-specific nitrosamines]] (TSNAs), known cancer-causing agents, in quantities of up to 173 ng per patch.<ref>UCSF Library, 3 Feb 1995, [http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/n/y/a/nya24e00/Snya24e00.pdf Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines in Nicotine Patches], retrieved 11 Aug 2013.</ref>
==Alternate uses==
Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of [[post-surgical pain]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patch Decreases Post Surgical Pain|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/85508.php|publisher=MediLexicon International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=15 October 2007}}</ref> and treat early [[dementia]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patches Up Early Memory Loss In Study|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/01/09/144906236/nicotine-patches-up-early-memory-loss-in-study|accessdate=3 February 2014|date=9 January 2013}}</ref>
Studies are being conducted about the use of transdermal nicotine patches to treat anxiety, depression, and inattentiveness in subjects with [[ADHD]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cocores,|first=James A.|title=Transdermal Nicotine in Adult ADHD With Depression and Anxiety|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446482/|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine|accessdate=25 November 2013|year=2008}}</ref> {{vs|date=August 2013}}
Transdermal nicotine patches can be used to relieve [[ulcerative colitis]] symptoms. However, this is not the case with [[Crohn's disease]], a similar health condition, where smoking and nicotine intake in general worsen the disease's effects.
==See also==
* [[Murray Jarvik]]
* [[Smoking cessation]]
* [[Nicotine replacement therapy]]
* [[Nicotine lozenge]]
* [[Nicotine gum]]
* [[Transdermal patch]]
* [[Nicoderm CQ]]
==References==
<references />
{{Dosage forms|state=show}}
{{Routes of administration}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotine Patch}}
[[Category:Smoking cessation]]
[[Category:Transdermal patches]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,37 +1 @@
-{{Cleanup|date=July 2009}}
-[[Image:Nicoderm.JPG||thumb|right|A 21 mg dose [[Nicoderm]] CQ patch applied to the left arm]]
-A '''nicotine patch''' is a [[transdermal patch]] that releases [[nicotine]] into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in [[nicotine replacement therapy]] (NRT), a process for [[smoking cessation]]. The first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984<ref>{{cite pmid | 6734425 }}</ref> by Jed E. Rose, Ph.D., Murray E. Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes.<ref>{{cite pmid | 4042528 }}</ref> Frank Etscorn filed a patent in the [[United States]] on January the 23rd 1985 and was issued the patent on July 1, 1986.<ref>{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4597961 | status = | title = | pubdate = | gdate = | fdate = | pridate = | inventor =Etscorn, FT | invent1 = | invent2 = | assign1 = | assign2 = | class = }}</ref> The University of California filed a competing patent application nearly 3 years after Etscorn's filing on February the 19th, 1988, which was granted on May 1, 1990.<ref>{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4920989 }}</ref> Subsequently, the U.S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, after a thorough review of conception, reduction to practice and patent filing dates, issued on September 29, 1993 a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adverse Decisions in Interference|url=http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/1995/week08/patadve.htm|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=21 February 1995|publisher= Board of Patent Appeals & Interferences|author=OLIVIA M. DUVALL}}</ref> Eventually New Mexico Tech and Etscorn won discovery.
-==Issues==
-
-===Efficacy===
-Dozens of clinical trials have shown that the patch approximately doubles success rates over placebo treatment. Placebo tests show a 5.9% success rate, in comparison to the 7.2% blind active tests, and the 10.8% open tests.<ref>{{cite web|last=Renshaw|first=Amy|title=The Real Story Behind the Nicotine Patch and Smoking Cessation|url=http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/health-patch.htm|work=vanderbilt.edu|publisher=Vanderbilt University|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. April 2009</ref>
-
-===Toxicity===
-Analysis of nicotine patches has shown that they contain [[tobacco-specific nitrosamines]] (TSNAs), known cancer-causing agents, in quantities of up to 173 ng per patch.<ref>UCSF Library, 3 Feb 1995, [http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/n/y/a/nya24e00/Snya24e00.pdf Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines in Nicotine Patches], retrieved 11 Aug 2013.</ref>
-
-==Alternate uses==
-Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of [[post-surgical pain]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patch Decreases Post Surgical Pain|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/85508.php|publisher=MediLexicon International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=15 October 2007}}</ref> and treat early [[dementia]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patches Up Early Memory Loss In Study|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/01/09/144906236/nicotine-patches-up-early-memory-loss-in-study|accessdate=3 February 2014|date=9 January 2013}}</ref>
-
-Studies are being conducted about the use of transdermal nicotine patches to treat anxiety, depression, and inattentiveness in subjects with [[ADHD]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cocores,|first=James A.|title=Transdermal Nicotine in Adult ADHD With Depression and Anxiety|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446482/|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine|accessdate=25 November 2013|year=2008}}</ref> {{vs|date=August 2013}}
-
-Transdermal nicotine patches can be used to relieve [[ulcerative colitis]] symptoms. However, this is not the case with [[Crohn's disease]], a similar health condition, where smoking and nicotine intake in general worsen the disease's effects.
-
-==See also==
-* [[Murray Jarvik]]
-* [[Smoking cessation]]
-* [[Nicotine replacement therapy]]
-* [[Nicotine lozenge]]
-* [[Nicotine gum]]
-* [[Transdermal patch]]
-* [[Nicoderm CQ]]
-
-==References==
-<references />
-
-{{Dosage forms|state=show}}
-{{Routes of administration}}
-
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotine Patch}}
-[[Category:Smoking cessation]]
-[[Category:Transdermal patches]]
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 0 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 4682 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | -4682 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => '{{Cleanup|date=July 2009}}',
1 => '[[Image:Nicoderm.JPG||thumb|right|A 21 mg dose [[Nicoderm]] CQ patch applied to the left arm]]',
2 => 'A '''nicotine patch''' is a [[transdermal patch]] that releases [[nicotine]] into the body through the skin. It is used as an aid in [[nicotine replacement therapy]] (NRT), a process for [[smoking cessation]]. The first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans was published in 1984<ref>{{cite pmid | 6734425 }}</ref> by Jed E. Rose, Ph.D., Murray E. Jarvik, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose, and was followed by publication by Rose et al. (1985) of results of a study of smokers showing that a transdermal nicotine patch reduced craving for cigarettes.<ref>{{cite pmid | 4042528 }}</ref> Frank Etscorn filed a patent in the [[United States]] on January the 23rd 1985 and was issued the patent on July 1, 1986.<ref>{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4597961 | status = | title = | pubdate = | gdate = | fdate = | pridate = | inventor =Etscorn, FT | invent1 = | invent2 = | assign1 = | assign2 = | class = }}</ref> The University of California filed a competing patent application nearly 3 years after Etscorn's filing on February the 19th, 1988, which was granted on May 1, 1990.<ref>{{cite patent | country = US | number = 4920989 }}</ref> Subsequently, the U.S. Patent Office declared an interference action and, after a thorough review of conception, reduction to practice and patent filing dates, issued on September 29, 1993 a priority decision in favor of the Rose et al. patent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Adverse Decisions in Interference|url=http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/og/1995/week08/patadve.htm|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=21 February 1995|publisher= Board of Patent Appeals & Interferences|author=OLIVIA M. DUVALL}}</ref> Eventually New Mexico Tech and Etscorn won discovery.',
3 => '==Issues==',
4 => false,
5 => '===Efficacy===',
6 => 'Dozens of clinical trials have shown that the patch approximately doubles success rates over placebo treatment. Placebo tests show a 5.9% success rate, in comparison to the 7.2% blind active tests, and the 10.8% open tests.<ref>{{cite web|last=Renshaw|first=Amy|title=The Real Story Behind the Nicotine Patch and Smoking Cessation|url=http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/health-patch.htm|work=vanderbilt.edu|publisher=Vanderbilt University|accessdate=25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. April 2009</ref>',
7 => false,
8 => '===Toxicity===',
9 => 'Analysis of nicotine patches has shown that they contain [[tobacco-specific nitrosamines]] (TSNAs), known cancer-causing agents, in quantities of up to 173 ng per patch.<ref>UCSF Library, 3 Feb 1995, [http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/n/y/a/nya24e00/Snya24e00.pdf Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines in Nicotine Patches], retrieved 11 Aug 2013.</ref>',
10 => false,
11 => '==Alternate uses==',
12 => 'Nicotine patches are under study to help relieve the symptoms of [[post-surgical pain]] <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patch Decreases Post Surgical Pain|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/85508.php|publisher=MediLexicon International Ltd, Bexhill-on-Sea, UK|accessdate=25 November 2013|date=15 October 2007}}</ref> and treat early [[dementia]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=Nicotine Patches Up Early Memory Loss In Study|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/01/09/144906236/nicotine-patches-up-early-memory-loss-in-study|accessdate=3 February 2014|date=9 January 2013}}</ref>',
13 => false,
14 => 'Studies are being conducted about the use of transdermal nicotine patches to treat anxiety, depression, and inattentiveness in subjects with [[ADHD]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cocores,|first=James A.|title=Transdermal Nicotine in Adult ADHD With Depression and Anxiety|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2446482/|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine|accessdate=25 November 2013|year=2008}}</ref> {{vs|date=August 2013}}',
15 => false,
16 => 'Transdermal nicotine patches can be used to relieve [[ulcerative colitis]] symptoms. However, this is not the case with [[Crohn's disease]], a similar health condition, where smoking and nicotine intake in general worsen the disease's effects.',
17 => false,
18 => '==See also==',
19 => '* [[Murray Jarvik]]',
20 => '* [[Smoking cessation]]',
21 => '* [[Nicotine replacement therapy]]',
22 => '* [[Nicotine lozenge]]',
23 => '* [[Nicotine gum]]',
24 => '* [[Transdermal patch]]',
25 => '* [[Nicoderm CQ]]',
26 => false,
27 => '==References==',
28 => '<references />',
29 => false,
30 => '{{Dosage forms|state=show}}',
31 => '{{Routes of administration}}',
32 => false,
33 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotine Patch}}',
34 => '[[Category:Smoking cessation]]',
35 => '[[Category:Transdermal patches]]'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1410340300 |