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'{{Infobox NRHP | name = Fort Granger | nrhp_type = | image = FT. GRANGER.jpg | caption = | location= Off Liberty Pike, [[Franklin, Tennessee]] | lat_degrees = 35 | lat_minutes = 55 | lat_seconds = 33 | lat_direction = N | long_degrees = 86 | long_minutes = 51 | long_seconds = 38 | long_direction = W | coord_display = inline,title | locmapin = Tennessee | built = 1862 | added = January 8, 1973 | area = {{convert|20|acre}} | governing_body = Local | refnum = 73001858<ref name=nris>{{NRISref|version=2009a}}</ref> }} '''Fort Granger''' is a property in [[Franklin, Tennessee]] that is now a City of Franklin park, in the central Franklin area.<ref name=":0">[http://www.franklin-gov.com/index.aspx?page=155]</ref> It was part of [[American Civil War]] fortifications of Franklin and includes trenches dug by Civil War soldiers. The [[Union Army]] captured [[Nashville]] early in 1862 and occupied Franklin within a few weeks.<ref>{{Cite book|title = The 1864 Franklin-Nashville Campaign: The Finishing Stroke|last = Smith|first = Michael Thomas|publisher = Praeger|year = 2014|isbn = 978-0-313-39234-4|location = Santa Barbara|pages = 7}}</ref> The troops occupying Franklin were under the command of Maj. Gen. [[Gordon Granger]], for whom the fort is named.<ref name=":1">"Fort Granger". Historical marker, 113 Fort Granger Dr, Franklin, TN 37064</ref> The [[Union Army]], fearful of local unrest and Confederate [[guerrillas]], began planning and construction for an artillery position that would protect the Nashville railroad line nearby.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = James Hogan, Jr., and the Conflicts of Antebellum Southern Identity in Williamson County|last = Holladay|first = Bob|date = Spring 2009|journal = Tennessee Historical Quarterly|doi = |pmid = |access-date = March 24, 2015|page = 20-39}}</ref> Construciton began in 1863 and was overseen by Capt. W. E. Morrill.<ref name=":1" /> The fort was to be located on Figuer's Bluff, just north of the [[Harpeth River]] and parallel to the railroad to Nashville.<ref name=":2" /> The fort was built on Figuer's Bluff because the bluff had military control over the Harpeth River bridge of the Tennessee and Alabama Railroad and it had control over the southern and northern approaches to Franklin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url = http://www.civilwarlandscapes.org/cwla/states/tn/frkn/fg/places/fg09.htm|title = Battlefield Tours Fort Granger|date = December 26, 2010|accessdate = March 24, 2015|website = Civil War Landscapes|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> The completed fort incorporated nearly 275,000 square feet.<ref name=":2" /> The fort is approximately 781 feet long and 346 wide. <ref>{{Cite book|title = Who Built Fort Granger?|last = McNutt|first = Kraig W.|publisher = The Center for the Study of the Civil War|year = 2014|isbn = |location = |pages = }}</ref>Until the Battle of Franklin, the fort was only occupied by a small garrison.<ref name=":2" /> <nowiki> </nowiki>The entrance to the fort was called the 'Saly Port.'<ref name=":3" /> The strongest part of the fortification, called 'The Cavalier,' was the location where the ground was the highest.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url = http://civil-war-journeys.org/images/DSC06780.JPG|title = The Cavalier|date = |accessdate = 24 March 2015|website = Civil War Journeys|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> This 'fort within a fort' was meant for times of overpowering attacks where defenders could make a final stand against invaders.<ref name=":4" /> The Cavalier was ideal for artillery because it provided the best view of the surrounding landscape.<ref name=":4" /> The Union army hanged two Confederate spies at the fort on June 9, 1863.<ref name=":2" /> The artillery in the fort was utilized twice in 1863 against Confederate cavalry forces.<ref name=":1" /> In September of 1864, Confederate Gen. [[John Bell Hood]] led the [[Army of Tennessee]] against Union Gen. [[William T. Sherman]]'s supply lines after Sherman defeated Hood at [[Atlanta]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url = http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=41119|title = The Historical Marker Database|date = March 24, 2011|accessdate = March 24, 2015|website = The Historical Marker Database|publisher = |last = Dover|first = Michael}}</ref> Hood directed the army north into Tennessee.<ref name=":5" /> Union General [[John M. Schofield]] slowed Hood at [[Columbia, Tennessee|Columbia]] and [[Spring Hill, Tennessee|Spring Hill]] before falling back to Franklin.<ref name=":5" /> Guns from Fort Granger provided an enfilading fire upon Confederate attack in the [[Battle of Franklin]] on November 30, 1864.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864: a monograph|author=Jacob Dolson Cox|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=axIdAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA317&dq="Fort+Granger+"+Tennessee&hl=en&ei=BiDJTfXDD4XagAezyOCKBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q="Fort Granger " Tennessee&f=false}}</ref> The commanding Union general, John M. Schofield, spent most of his time during the battle in Fort Granger.<ref name=":2">Jacobson, pp. 208-12; Welcher, p. 593; Sword, p. 167; Eicher, p. 772.</ref> The [[Confederate Army]] was subject to massed fire from the Union artillery in the fort.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = |title = The Battle of Franklin|last = Crownover|first = Sims|date = December 1955|journal = Tennessee Historical Quarterly|doi = |pmid = |access-date = March 24, 2015}}</ref> Four 3-inch rifled cannons in Fort Granger were fired by Capt. Giles J. Cockerill, Battery D, 1st Ohio Light Artillery.<ref name=":5" /> The Confederates suffered serious casualties to the 163 rounds fired by Cockerill’s guns.<ref name=":5" /> The right wing of the Confederate line, commanded by Gen. A. P. Stewart’s Corps suffered the most from these rounds,<ref name=":5" /> A {{convert|20|acre|adj=on}} area of the property, including one [[contributing structure]] and one [[contributing site]], was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1973.<ref name=nris/> There is a boardwalk on the southern side of the fort that leads to a trail, eventually connecting to Pinkerton Park.<ref name=":0" /><!---- The listing is described in its NRHP nomination document.<ref name="nrhpinv3">{{cite web|url=http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NRHP/Text/73001858.pdf |title=NRHP Inventory-Nomination: Fort Granger |author=___ |date=, 19 |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}} and [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NRHP/Photos/73001858.pdf ‘‘Accompanying ____ photos, exterior and interior, from 19___ (see photo captions page __ of text document)’‘]</ref>----> [[Roper's Knob Fortifications]] is another NRHP-listed fortification on the Franklin battlefield area. ==See also== *[[Franklin Battlefield]] *[[Winstead Hill]], also NRHP-listed within the [[Franklin Battlefield]] area *[[Carnton]], also NRHP-listed in the battlefield *[[Fountain Carter House]], also NRHP-listed in the battlefield ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.franklintn.gov/index.aspx?page=160 Fort Granger] - City of Franklin {{National Register of Historic Places}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Williamson County, Tennessee]] [[Category:Government buildings completed in 1862]] [[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1862]] [[Category:American Civil War forts|Granger]] [[Category:Battlefields of the Western Theater of the American Civil War]] [[Category:Parks in Tennessee]] [[Category:Protected areas of Williamson County, Tennessee]] [[Category:Forts in Tennessee|Granger]] [[Category:Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee|Granger]] {{Tennessee-NRHP-stub}} {{AmericanCivilWar-stub}} {{WilliamsonCountyTN-geo-stub}}'