Examine individual changes

'The '''Walashma dynasty''' was a multi-ethnic [[Muslim]] noble family based in the [[Horn of Africa]].<ref>Asafa Jalata, State Crises, Globalisation, And National Movements In North-east Africa page 3-4</ref><ref>Encyclopedia of Africa south of the Sahara, page 62</ref> It governed the [[Sultanate of Ifat|Ifat]] and [[Adal Sultanate|Adal]] [[Sultan]]ates in what are present-day northern [[Somalia]], [[Djibouti]] and eastern [[Ethiopia]].<ref name="Fage">{{cite book | last =Fage | first =J.D | title = The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1050 to c. 1600 | volume =3 | page =139 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year =1975 | isbn =0521209811 | url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=KjECLWNDtdEC&pg=PA139#v=onepage&q&f=false| accessdate =2012-07-26}}</ref> ==Establishment== The Walashma dynasty was founded by Sulṭān ʿUmar DunyaHuz "Walashma", who was an ethnic Arab (ʿUmar DunyaHuz Aḥmed Mahammad Ḥamid Yūsuf Barkanti Saʿad Amuddan Muqābul Abdirahman (Ogaden) Absame Kūmade Kablalaḥ Abdirahman (Darod) Ismaʿīl Jaberti). In most sources, the dynasty is always referred to as Walashma. However, the descendants of the Walashma dynasty today prefer the term Wilinwiili Dynasty, after the nickname of ʿUmar DunyaHuz. Somali historians, on the other hand, favor Ogaden Sultanate. ==Genealogical traditions== The Walashma princes of Ifat and Adal all possessed [[Arab]] genealogical traditions.<ref name="Elfasi">{{cite book|last=M. Elfasi|first=Ivan Hrbek|title=Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, General History of Africa, Volume 3|year=1988|publisher=UNESCO|isbn=9231017098|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=tw0Q0tg0QLoC&pg=PA582#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=580–582}}</ref> According to both [[Al-Maqrizi|Maqrizi]] and the chronicle of the Walashma, ʿUmar Walashma, the founder of the dynasty, was of [[Quraysh tribe|Quraysh]] or [[Banu Hashim|Hashimite]] origin.<ref name="Tamrat">{{cite book|last=Tamrat|first=Taddesse|title=Church and state in Ethiopia, 1270-1527|year=1972|publisher=Clarendon Press|pages=124|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=8ZNyAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> In terms of lineage, Walashma traditions trace descent from [[Aqeel ibn Abi Talib|Akīl ibn Abī Tālib]], the brother of the Caliph [[Ali|ʿAlī]] and Djaʿfar ibn Abī Tālib. The latter was among the earliest Muslims to settle in the Horn region. However, the semi-legendary apologetic ''History of the Walasma''' asserts that ʿUmar ibn-Dunya-hawz had as a progenitor Caliph ʿAlī's son al-Hasan.<ref name="Elfasi"/> The claim to Akīl ibn Abī Tālib is based on the tradition that their ancestor Ismaʿīl Jaberti is the same man as Sharaf-ad-Din Ismaʿīl ibn Ibrahim al-Jaberti al-Aqeeli, a famous Sufi theologian of the Qadiriyyah order who was buried in [[Zabīd|Zabid, Yemen]] in 1403 who traces an Aqeeli nisba, this is essentially the same claimed lineage as the Somali [[Darod]] clan. The Hassani tradition is predicated on the belief that Yūsuf Barkanti in the Walashma genealogy is the same man as [[Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn|Yūsuf "Aw Barkadle" al-Kawnayn]], a famous Somali missionary who traces a Hassani nisba.<ref>Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-Based Society By I. M. Lewis. pg 91</ref><ref>[http://www.abtirsi.com/view.php?person=858 Genealogy of Yusuf al-Kawnayn]</ref><ref>I.M Lewis, Sharif Yusuf Barkhadle: the blessed saint of Somaliland, page 112</ref><ref>[http://books.google.ae/books?id=tw0Q0tg0QLoC&pg=PA582&lpg=PA582&dq=Ibn+Khaldun+Walashma&source=bl&ots=UCeRduqXpD&sig=edpbqj0d5P0lWPa7WcQHI3cWrK0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-O8OVMmVOKnNygPu5oKgAQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century edited by M. Elfasi, Ivan Hrbek, Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa, page 582]</ref> ==Language== The 19th century Ethiopian historian Asma Giyorgis suggests that the Walashma themselves spoke [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. He additionally describes the family as among the first Muslims to enter [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]] ("Habasa"), which he writes was originally inhabited by the Saba, Balaw, Kalaw and Noba.<ref name="history of sawa">{{cite book|last=Giyorgis|first=Asma|title=Aṣma Giyorgis and his work: history of the Gāllā and the kingdom of Šawā|year=1999|publisher=Medical verlag|isbn=9783515037167|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=mGcwAQAAIAAJ&q=walasma+language&dq=walasma+language&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2gnBT4-dI4Se6QH1w4CpCg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwBg=false|page=257}}</ref> The [[Somali language]], along with Arabic, were the main languages of the dynasty as can be surmised from the origins of most of their soldiers and the lands under their hegemony.<ref>Ethiopia: the Land, Its People, History and Culture pages 37-38</ref><ref>[http://books.google.ae/books?id=FlL2vE_qRQ8C&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Ifat&f=false The History of Somalia By Raphael Chijioke Njoku, page 36]</ref> ==Sultanate of Ifat== {{main|Sultanate of Ifat}} According to Maqrizi, the forefathers of 'Umar Walashma first settled in the [[Zeila]]-controlled Jabarta region. From there, they slowly expanded into the hinterland.<ref name="Tamrat"/> Despite being described as a 'successor' to the [[Sultanate of Showa]], the [[Sultanate of Ifat]] and Showa state were founded around the same time. ʿUmar DunyaHuz founded Ifat at Zeila in 1185, one of eight Sultanates that were established in the [[Horn of Africa]] during this period. The other sultanates were the aforementioned Showa along with the sultanates of [[Sultanate of Arbabni|Arbabni]], [[Sultanate of Dawaro|Dawaro]], [[Hadiya Kingdom|Hadiya]], [[Sharka]], [[Sultanate of Bale|Bale]] and [[Sultanate of Dara|Dara]]). The original borders of the Sultanate of Ifat roughly correspond with the present-day [[Awdal]] region in northwestern [[Somalia]]. In 1278, the Walashma conquered the Sultanate of Showa. The dynasty later annexed the sultanate into Ifat in 1280, making Ifat the largest and most powerful of its peers. This annexation is usually attributed to ʿUmar, but he had been dead for 50 years by the time Showa was annexed. More likely, it was his grandson Jamal ad-Dīn or perhaps even his great-grandson Abūd. In 1332, the Zeila-based King of [[Adal Sultanate|Adal]] was slain in a military campaign against the Abyssinian [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Emperor]] [[Amda Seyon]]'s invading troops.<ref name="Houtsma">{{cite book|last=Houtsma|first=M. Th|title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936|year=1987|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004082654|pages=125–126|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=zJU3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA125#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Amda Seyon then appointed [[Jamal ad-Din I|Jamal ad-Din]] as the new King, followed by Jamal ad-Din's brother [[Nasr ad-Din (governor of Ifat)|Nasr ad-Din]].<ref>''The Glorious Victories'', p. 107.</ref> Despite this setback, the Muslim rulers of Ifat continued their campaign. The Abyssinian Emperor branded the Muslims of the surrounding area "enemies of the Lord", and again invaded Ifat in the early 15th century. After much struggle, Ifat's troops were defeated and the Sultanate's ruler, King [[Sa'ad ad-Din II]], fled to Zeila. He was pursued there by Abyssinian forces, where they slayed him.<ref>J. Spencer Trimingham, ''Islam in Ethiopia'' (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), p. 74 and note explains the discrepancy in the sources.</ref> ===Sultans of Ifat=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! Ruler Name !! Reign !! Note |- | 1 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''ʿUmar''' DunyaHuz | style=white-space:nowrap| 1185 - 1228 | Founder of the Walashma dynasty, his nickname was ʿAdūnyo or Wilinwīli |- | 2 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''ʿAli''' "Baziwi" ʿUmar | style=white-space:nowrap| 1228 - 12?? | Son of ʿUmar DunyaHuz |- | 3 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''ḤaqqudDīn''' ʿUmar | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of ʿUmar DunyaHuz |- | 4 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''Ḥusein''' ʿUmar | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of ʿUmar DunyaHuz |- | 5 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''NasradDīn''' ʿUmar | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of ʿUmar DunyaHuz |- | 6 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''Mansur''' ʿAli | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of ʿAli "Baziwi" ʿUmar |- | 7 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''JamaladDīn''' ʿAli | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of ʿAli "Baziwi" ʿUmar |- | 8 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''Abūd''' JamaladDīn | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 12?? | Son of JamaladDīn ʿAli |- | 9 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''Zubēr''' Abūd | style=white-space:nowrap| 12?? - 13?? | Son of Abūd JamaladDīn |- | 10 | style=white-space:nowrap| Māti '''Layla''' Abūd | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 13?? | Daughter of Abūd JamaladDīn |- | 11 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Haqq ad-Din I|'''ḤaqqudDīn''' Naḥwi]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 1328 | Son of Naḥwi Mansur, grandson of Mansur ʿUmar |- | 12 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Sabr ad-Din I|'''SabiradDīn Maḥamed''' "Waqōyi" Naḥwi]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1328 - 1332 | Son of Naḥwi Mansur, defeated by Emperor Amde Seyon of Abyssinia, who replaced him with his brother JamaladDīn as a vassal. |- | 13 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Jamal ad-Din I|'''JamaladDīn''' Naḥwi]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1332 - 13?? | Son of Naḥwi Mansur, vassal king under Amde Seyon |- | 14 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān '''NasradDīn''' Naḥwi | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 13?? | Son of Naḥwi Mansur, vassal king under Amde Seyon |- | 15 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din|"Qāt" '''ʿAli''' SabiradDīn Maḥamed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 13?? | Son of SabiradDīn Maḥamed Naḥwi, rebelled against Emperor Newaya Krestos after the death of Amde Seyon, but the rebellion failed and he was replaced with his brother Aḥmed |- | 16 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Ahmad ibn Ali|'''Aḥmed''' "Harbi Arʿēd" ʿAli]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 13?? | Son of ʿAli SabiradDīn Maḥamed, accepted the role of vassal and did not continue to rebel against Newaya Krestos, and is subsequently regarded very poorly by Muslim historians |- | 17 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Haqq ad-Din II|'''Ḥaqquddīn''' Aḥmed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 13?? - 1374 | Son of Aḥmed ʿAli |- | 18 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Sa'ad ad-Din II|'''SaʿadadDīn''' Aḥmed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1374 - 1403 | Son of Aḥmed ʿAli, killed in the Abyssinian invasion of Ifat under Yeshaq I |} ==Sultanate of Adal== {{main|Adal Sultanate}} [[Islam]] was introduced to the Horn of Africa early on from the [[Arabian peninsula]], shortly after the [[Hijra (Islam)|hijra]]. In the late 800s, [[Al-Yaqubi]] wrote that Muslims were living along the northern Somali seaboard.<ref name="Encyamer">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 25|year=1965|publisher=Americana Corporation|pages=255|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=OP5LAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> He also mentioned that the Adal kingdom had its capital in the city,<ref name="Encyamer"/><ref name="Lewispohoa">{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=I.M.|title=Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho|year=1955|publisher=International African Institute|pages=140|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=Cd0mAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> suggesting that the [[Adal Sultanate]] with Zeila as its headquarters dates back to at least the 9th or 10th centuries. According to I.M. Lewis, the polity was governed by local dynasties consisting of Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somalis, who also ruled over the similarly-established [[Sultanate of Mogadishu]] in the [[Benadir]] region to the south. Adal's history from this founding period forth would be characterized by a succession of battles with neighbouring [[Ethiopian Empire|Abyssinia]].<ref name="Lewispohoa"/> After the last Sultan of Ifat, Sa'ad ad-Din II, was killed in Zeila in 1410, his children escaped to [[Yemen]], before later returning in 1415.<ref name="Dekmejian">{{cite journal | last =mbali | first =mbali | title =Somaliland | journal =Basic Reference | volume =28 | issue = 2| pages =217–229 | publisher =mbali | location = London, UK | year =2010 | url =http://www.mbali.info/doc328.htm | doi = 10.1017/S0020743800063145| accessdate =2012-04-27 | last2 =Dekmejian | first2 =R. Hrair}}</ref> In the early 15th century, Adal's capital was moved further inland to the town of [[Dakkar]], where [[Sabr ad-Din II]], the eldest son of Sa'ad ad-Din II, established a new base after his return from Yemen.<ref name="Bradt">{{cite book|last=Briggs|first=Philip|title=Bradt Somaliland: With Addis Ababa & Eastern Ethiopia|year=2012|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=1841623717|page=10|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=M6NI2FejIuwC&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Lewispd">{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=I. M.|title=A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa|year=1999|publisher=James Currey Publishers|isbn=0852552807|page=17|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=eK6SBJIckIsC&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Adal's headquarters were again relocated the following century, this time to [[Harar]]. From this new capital, Adal organised an effective army led by [[Imam]] [[Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi]] (Ahmad "Gurey" or Ahmad "Gran") that invaded the Abyssinian empire.<ref name="Lewispd"/> This 16th century campaign is historically known as the [[Abyssinian-Adal War|Conquest of Abyssinia]] (''Futuh al-Habash''). During the war, Imam Ahmad pioneered the use of [[cannon]]s supplied by the [[Ottoman Empire]], which he imported through Zeila and deployed against Abyssinian forces and their [[Portugal|Portuguese]] allies led by [[Cristóvão da Gama]].<ref name="Lewisapd">I.M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p.17</ref> Some scholars argue that this conflict proved, through their use on both sides, the value of [[firearm]]s like the [[matchlock]] [[musket]], cannons and the [[arquebus]] over traditional weapons.<ref>Jeremy Black, ''Cambridge Illustrated Atlas, Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution'', 1492-1792, (Cambridge University Press: 1996), p.9.</ref> ===Sultans of Adal=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! !! Name !! Reign !! Note |- | 1 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Sabr ad-Din II|'''SabiradDīn''' SaʿadadDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1415 - 1422 | Son of SaʿadadDīn Aḥmed, won some early victories before being soundly defeated by Emperor Yeshaq |- | 2 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Mansur ad-Din of Adal|'''Mansur''' SaʿadadDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1422 - 1424 | Son of SaʿadadDīn Aḥmed, Defeated the Abyssinians at Yedaya, only to be defeated and imprisoned by Yeshaq |- | 3 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Jamal ad-Din II|'''JamaladDīn''' SaʿadadDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1424 - 1433 | Won several important battles before being defeated at Harjai, he was assassinated in 1433 |- | 4 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Badlay ibn Sa'ad ad-Din|'''AḥmedudDīn''' "Badlay" SaʿadadDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1433 - 1445 | Son of SaʿadadDīn Aḥmed, known to the Abyssinians as "Arwe Badlay" ("Badlay the Monster"). AḥmedudDīn turned the tide of war against the Abyssinians and decisively defeated the forces of Emperor Yeshaq and liberated the land of Ifat. AḥmedudDīn founded a new capital at Dakkar in the Adal region, near Harar, creating the Sultanate of Adal. He was killed in battle after he had launched a jihad to push the Abyssinians back out of Dawaro. |- | 5 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Muhammad ibn Badlay|'''Maḥamed''' AḥmedudDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1445 - 1472 | Son of AḥmedudDīn "Badlay" SaʿadadDīn, Maḥamed asked for help from the Mameluk Sultanate of Egypt in 1452, though this assistance was not forthcoming. He ended up signing a very short-lived truce with Baeda Maryam |- | 6 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Shams ad-Din ibn Muhammad|'''ShamsadDin''' Maḥamed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1472 - 1488 | Son of Maḥamed AḥmedudDīn, he was attacked by Emperor Eskender of Abyssinia in 1479, who sacked Dakkar and destroyed much of the city, though the Abyssinians did not attempt to occupy the city and were ambushed on the way home with heavy losses. |- | 7 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din|'''Maḥamed''' ʿAsharadDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1488 - 1518 | Great-grandson of SaʿadadDīn Aḥmed of Ifat, he continued to fight to liberate Dawaro along with Imam [[Mahfuz|Maḥfūẓ]] of Zeila. He was assassinated after a disastrous campaign in 1518 and the death of Imam Maḥfūẓ. |- | 8-9 | colspan="3" | Sultan Maḥamed Abūbakar Maḥfūẓ & Garād Abūn ʿAdādshe, usurpers who seized the throne in the chaotic period following the death of Maḥamed ʿAsharadDīn. |- | 10 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad|'''Abūbakar''' Maḥamed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1525 - 1526 | He killed Garād Abūn and restored the Walashma dynasty, but Garād Abūn's cousin Imām Aḥmed Gurēy avenged his cousin's death and killed him. While Garād Abūn ruled in Dakkar, Abūbakar Maḥamed established himself at Harar in 1520, and this is often cited as when the capital moved. However brief his reign, Abūbakar Maḥamed was the last Walashma sultan to have any real power. |- | 11 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Umar Din|'''ʿUmarDīn''' Maḥamed]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1526 - 1553 | Son of Maḥamed ʿAsharadDīn, Imām Aḥmed Gurēy put Maḥamed ʿAsharadDīn's young son ʿUmarDīn on the throne as puppet king in Imām Aḥmed Gurēy's capital at Harar. This essentially is the end of the Walashma dynasty as a ruling dynasty in all but name, though the dynasty hobbled on in a de jure capacity. Many king lists don't even bother with Walashma rulers after this and just list Imām Aḥmed Gurēy and then Amīr Nūr Mujahid. |- | 12 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Ali ibn Umar Din|'''ʿAli''' ʿUmarDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1553 - 1555 | Son of ʿUmarDīn Maḥamed |- | 13 | style=white-space:nowrap| Sulṭān [[Barakat ibn Umar Din|'''Barakat''' ʿUmarDīn]] | style=white-space:nowrap| 1555 - 1559 | Son of ʿUmarDīn Maḥamed, last of the Walashma Sultans, assisted Amīr Nūr Mujahid in his attempt to retake Dawaro. He was killed defending Harar from Emperor Gelawdewos, ending the dynasty. |} ==Sultanate of Harar== {{main|Sultanate of Harar}} In 1559, the Ethiopian [[General]] Hamalmal captured [[Harar]] and killed Sultan Barakat. The Walashma dynasty did not go extinct (there are still members alive today), but Amīr [[Nur ibn Mujahid|Nūr ibn Mujahid]] was chosen to succeed him. Nūr ibn Mujahid subsequently founded a new dynasty and sultanate in the same year, the [[Sultanate of Harar]]. ==See also== *[[Somali aristocratic and court titles]] *[[Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles]] == "Multi-ethnic" Makes little sense == This wasn't a dynasty like [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Mogadishu the Muzaffar in Mogadishu] who for example were "Jointly Arab & Somali rulers" with the ruler being a "Barbara" (Somali) for example in 14th Century CE when Ibn Battuta [http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1354-ibnbattuta.asp [-<nowiki>]</nowiki>] visited but definitely having some Arab ruling predecessors to my knowledge. They weren't also a family made up of several groups. F.e. one leader was not Somali and then one a generation later was "Arab" & another was "Harari" & another was so and so. It's an inaccurate title but I truly appreciate the compromise from the editor who made it instead of "all out warring". But I'll state this very simply... There are but two genealogies for this group and various historical opinions on them from Ethiopian & Somali studies based historians. They are seen often as either ''Somalized Arabs or Arabized Somalis'' [https://books.google.ae/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=Somalized+Arabs+or+Arabized+Somalis,+I.M+Lewis&source=bl&ots=r9LvaqepbP&sig=zazZVcK_nDar51a7dUGnGqkJB8U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PawTVfKwAoPhaI_fgJAL&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Somalized%20Arabs%20or%20Arabized%20Somalis%2C%20I.M%20Lewis&f=false [-<nowiki>]</nowiki>] [https://books.google.ae/books?id=WahTAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=Somalized+Arabs+or+Arabized+Somalis,+History+of+Somalia&source=bl&ots=Nacv0pXapm&sig=uWv5RsXsZ61xdsIo8bINEFRnutI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SawTVaadJdTtaMCbgpAO&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Somalized%20Arabs%20or%20Arabized%20Somalis%2C%20History%20of%20Somalia&f=false [-<nowiki>]</nowiki>] citing the Arab influence in their genealogies (claiming Arabian ancestors as many Somalis do) but then the Somali influence here is clear whereby for example individuals for all extents and purposes beyond their grandiose and impossible (claiming descent from Ali, the Prophet's cousin for example) were "Somali", Aw Barkhadle for example was a speaker of Somali, devising a sort of writing form for it Arabic where people could easily learn to read Arabic, this evolved into a sort of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadaad_writing Somalo-Arabic script]. But he is a legendary ancestor and couldn't have been their ancestor despite oral traditions [https://books.google.ae/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=Somalized+Arabs+or+Arabized+Somalis,+I.M+Lewis&source=bl&ots=r9LvaqepbP&sig=zazZVcK_nDar51a7dUGnGqkJB8U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PawTVfKwAoPhaI_fgJAL&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=oral%20tradition&f=false [-<nowiki>]</nowiki>] & Harari records affirming that he is [https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2ARnUeK-Y8WUF9YUG15RWJMU2c/view [-<nowiki>]</nowiki>]. The more accepted origin is the one tying them to the Darod clan founder and then to Aqeel Ibn Abi Talib, this is the most repeated origin and is even shared by [[Ibn Khaldun]]. To consider this dynasty "Arab" is to consider all Somalis "Arab" like them as all Somalis share in this form of genealogy and one of the genealogies is even directly shared with a Somali clan (the more accepted one, might I add). If you're using their genealogies as proof of their "Arab-ness" then imho you must do go onto the Somali people page and add the test 'An Arab people' and also add "Multi-ethnic" to every single ruling dynasty in Somalia as there's no genealogical tradition difference between all of them and this dynasty which clearly ties itself to Somali figures who in turn claim Arab origins [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobira and married native women] whether ancestral or saintly. Their genealogy is "Arab" but only via Somalis and all Somalis have such genealogies. Otherwise I appreciate the compromise from the editor who made such an edit and invite him or her to a discussion here. If you want to add the title "A Muslim dynasty of either Arabized Somalis or Somalized Arabs-> I'm seriously willing for such a compromise if it will end constant warring over this. I already made such an edit for neutrality's sake while we have a discussion here. Regards, ~~~~ ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Medieval Horn of Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walashma dynasty}} [[Category:History of Ethiopia]] [[Category:Somalian monarchs]] [[Category:Somalian monarchy]] [[Category:African royal families]] [[Category:Walashma dynasty| ]] [[Category:History of Somalia]] [[Category:Adal Sultanate]]'