Examine individual changes

'{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} {{Infobox person|name = Theodore Bikel |image = File:Theodore_Bikel_at_the_St._Louis_Jewish_Books_Festival,_November_2,_2014.jpg |caption= Bikel in 2014 |birth_name = Theodore Meir Bikel |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1924|05|02|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]] |death_date = |death_place = |occupation = Film, television actor |years_active = 1946–present |spouse = {{marriage|Ofra Ichilov|1942|1943|reason=divorced}}<br>{{marriage|Rita Weinberg Call|1967|2008|reason=divorced}}<br>{{marriage|[[Tamara Brooks]]|2008|2012|reason=died}}<br>{{marriage|Aimee Ginsburg|2013}} |children = 2 }} '''Theodore Meir Bikel''' (born 2 May 1924) is an [[Austrian-American]] actor, [[folk music|folk singer]], musician, and composer. He made his film debut in ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951) and was nominated for an [[Academy Award]] for his supporting role as Sheriff Max Muller in ''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' (1958). Bikel is President of the [[Associated Actors and Artistes of America]] and was president of [[Actors' Equity Association|Actors' Equity]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He serves as the Chair of the Board of Directors of [[Partners for Progressive Israel]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://partners4israel.org/about-meretz-usa|title=About Partners for Progressive Israel|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20121121073640/http://partners4israel.org/about-meretz-usa|archivedate=21 November 2012}}</ref> where he also lectures. His autobiography, ''Theo'', first published in 1995, has been reprinted and updated three times. ==Biography== Theodore Bikel was born in [[Vienna]], [[First Austrian Republic|Austria]], the son of Miriam (née Riegler) and Josef Bikel from [[Bukovina]].<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Theodore-Bikel.html Bikel's Film Reference biography]</ref> As an active [[Zionism|Zionist]], his father named him after [[Theodor&nbsp;Herzl]], the founder of modern Zionism. Following the [[Germany|German]] union with Austria in 1938, Bikel's family fled to [[Mandatory Palestine]], where his father's contacts helped the family obtain British passports.<ref>Theodore Bikel, [http://books.google.se/books?ei=VOguT7zsN8eg4gSyvN2_Dg&hl=sv&id=-BRCAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Theodore+Bikel%22%2C+Israel&q=Palestine#search_anchor ''Theo: The Autobiography of Theodore Bikel''], [[HarperCollins]], 1994, p. 60</ref> Bikel studied at the [[Mikve Yisrael]] agricultural school and joined [[Kibbutz]] [[Kfar HaMaccabi]].<ref name=haaretz>David B. Green, [http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.588549 This Day in Jewish History / Singer, actor and activist Theodore Bikel is born] ''[[Haaretz]]'', February 5, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2014.</ref> Bikel started acting while in his teens. He performed with [[Habimah Theater]] and was one of the founding members of the [[Cameri Theatre]], which became a leading [[Israeli]] theater company.<ref name=haaretz/> In 1945, he moved to [[London]] to study at the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collegerelations.vassar.edu/2008/2528/|publisher=Vassar College|title=Renowned actor and folk singer Theodore Bikel and conductor Tamara Brooks to visit Vassar College as Artists in Residence. February 10-18, 2008|location=Poughkeepsie, New York|date=15 January 2008}}</ref> Bikel moved to the United States in 1954, and became a naturalized citizen in 1961. Bikel has been married four times. He married Ofra Ichilov in 1942. They divorced the following year. His second marriage was in 1967 to Rita Weinberg Call with whom he has two children. They divorced in 2008. He married conductor [[Tamara Brooks]] later that year. She died in 2012. He married Aimee Ginsburg December 29, 2013. ==Acting career== In 1948, [[Michael Redgrave]] recommended Bikel to his friend [[Laurence Olivier]] as understudy for the parts of both [[Stanley Kowalski]] and [[Harold Mitchell (A Streetcar Named Desire character)|Mitch]] in the [[West End theatre|West End]] premiere of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (play)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]''.<ref>Bikel, Theodore. [http://books.google.com/books?id=BbCxPhC2P_cC&pg=PA56 ''Theo: An Autobiography'', pp. 56–57] at [[Google Books]]</ref> Bikel graduated from understudy to star opposite the director's wife, [[Vivien Leigh]], who would go on to recreate her role as [[Blanche DuBois]] in the film version opposite [[Marlon Brando]]. He was the [[U-boat]] first officer to [[Curt Jürgens]] in ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957) and played the captain of the Russian submarine in ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' (1966). He also portrayed the sadistic General Jouvet in ''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' (1957) Bikel was screentested for the role of [[Auric Goldfinger]] in the [[James Bond (film series)|James Bond]] film ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]'' (1964). The screentest can be seen on the "Ultimate Edition" DVD released in 2006. Bikel also appeared in [[Frank Zappa]]'s 1971 film ''[[200 Motels]]''. [[File:Kahn, Bukovksy, and Bikel.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Bikel, right at AFL–CIO Convention in 1977, with Russian [[Soviet dissidents|dissident]] [[Vladimir Bukovsky]], center, upon his release from the [[Soviet Union]], and [[Tom&nbsp;Kahn]], left, an assistant to AFL–CIO President [[George Meany]].<ref name="Chenoweth4" > {{harvtxt|Chenoweth|1992|p=4}}: {{cite journal|title=The gallant warrior: In&nbsp;memoriam Tom&nbsp;Kahn|first=Eric|last=Chenoweth|<!-- authorlink=Eric Chenoweth -->|journal=Uncaptive Minds: A Journal of Information and Opinion on Eastern Europe|publisher=Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (IDEE)|location=1718 M&nbsp;Street,&nbsp;NW, No.&nbsp;147, Washington&nbsp;DC 20036, USA|issn=0897-9669|volume=5|issue=20, number 2|date=Summer 1992|pages=5–16|url=http://www.democracyforcuba.org/images/stories/media/UM2/vol.5no.2a.pdf|format==[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|ref=harv}}</ref>]] On [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] he originated the role of [[Georg Ludwig von Trapp|Captain von Trapp]] in ''[[The Sound of Music]]'' in 1959, for which he received his second Tony nomination. Bikel did not like his role in ''The Sound of Music'' because his ability to sing was limited in the play, and he did not like to perform repeatedly the same role of the Captain. The song "[[Edelweiss_(song)|Edelweiss]]" was created spontaneously, during the final try-outs off-Broadway, when it was realized that Bikel, an experienced folk singer, acting as Captain von Trapp, had no song of his own. Later, many people in theatre audiences claimed they remembered hearing "Edelweiss" as a traditional folk song. In 1964, he played Zoltan Karpathy, the dialect expert, in the film version of ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''. Since his first appearance as [[Tevye]] in the musical ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]'' in 1967, Bikel has performed the role more often than any other actor (more than 2,000 times to date). When an injury required 74-year-old fellow Israeli performer [[Chaim Topol]] (veteran of many productions of the stage show and star of the motion picture of Fiddler on the Roof) to withdraw from a high-budget, much-promoted 2009 North American tour of the musical, Bikel substituted for him in several appearances in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Lifestyle/One-more-fiddle-for-the-road|newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|first=Robert|last=Slater|date=6 February 2013|title=One more fiddle for the road|accessdate=28 September 2014}}</ref> In the 1950s, Bikel produced several albums of Jewish folk songs, as well as ''Songs of a Russian Gypsy'', in 1958. He was a co-founder of the [[Newport Folk Festival]] (together with [[Pete Seeger]], [[Oscar Brand]], and [[George Wein]]) in 1959. In 1962, Bikel became the first singer besides Dylan to perform "[[Blowin' in the Wind]]" in public. Bikel (with business partner [[Herb Cohen]]) opened the first folk music coffeehouse in Los Angeles, ''The Unicorn''. Its popularity led to the two opening a second club, Cosmo Alley, which in addition to folk music presented poets such as [[Maya Angelou]] and comics including [[Lenny Bruce]]. Bikel became increasingly involved with [[civil and political rights|civil rights]] issues and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] causes, and was a [[delegate]] to the [[1968 Democratic Convention]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Hollywood's White House: The American Presidency in Film and History|editor-first=Peter|editor-last=Rollins|publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]]|date=12 September 2010|isbn=0813127920}}</ref> Bikel was a guest star on many popular television shows. He appeared in an episode of the 1954 [[NBC]] [[legal drama]] ''[[Justice (1954 TV series)|Justice]]'' based on cases from the Legal Aid Society of [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ctva.biz/US/Legal/Justice.htm|title=''Justice''|publisher=The Classic TV Archive |deadurl=no |accessdate=24 October 2013}}</ref> He also appeared in the episode entitled "The Faithful Pilgrimage" of CBS's ''[[Appointment with Adventure]]'' [[anthology series]]. The particular episode was written by [[Rod Serling]]. He also appeared in a second episode of ''Appointment with Adventure'' entitled "Return of the Stranger." Later, Bikel guest starred on [[Rod Serling]]'s ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' (episode "[[Four O'Clock]]" as Oliver Crangle). He appeared on episodes of ''[[Wagon Train]]'', ''[[Hawaii Five-O]]'', ''[[Columbo (TV series)|Columbo]]'', ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', ''[[The San Pedro Beach Bums]]'', ''[[Cannon]]'', ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible]]'', ''[[Gunsmoke]]'', ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'', ''[[All in the Family]]'', ''[[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'', ''[[Murder She Wrote]]'' and ''[[Law & Order]]''. He appeared on the game show ''[[Super Password]]'' as a celebrity guest in 1988. In the early 1990s, he appeared on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', in the episode "[[Family (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Family]]", playing [[Sergey Rozhenko]], the Russian-born adoptive father of [[Worf]]. Bikel performed two roles in the ''[[Babylon 5]]'' universe, in 1994 as Rabbi Koslov in the first season episode "[[TKO (Babylon 5)|TKO]]" and in 1998, as [[Ranger (Babylon 5)|Ranger]] leader Lenonn in the TV movie ''[[Babylon 5: In the Beginning]]''. In February 2012, Bikel played the title role in ''[[Visiting Mr. Green]]'' with the Harold Green Jewish Theatre Company in Toronto, Ontario. In May 2013, ''Journey 4 Artists'', a documentary produced and directed by Michele Noble featuring Theodore Bikel, Tamara Brooks, Merima Kljućo and Shura Lipovsky which celebrates the power of music and religious diversity, premiered at Academy Award winning producer, Branko Lustig's 7th Annual Jewish Festival of Tolerance in Zagreb, Croatia. ==Public positions== In 1962 Bikel co-founded [[Actors Federal Credit Union]]. He was president of [[Actors' Equity Association|Actors' Equity]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in which office he supported [[human rights]]. At the 1977 [[AFL–CIO]] Convention, Bikel welcomed the Russian [[dissident]] [[Vladimir Bukovsky]] upon his release from the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="Chenoweth4"/> US President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed him to serve on the National Council for the Arts in 1977 for a six-year term.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} On January 28, 2007, he agreed to serve as chair of the Board of Directors of [[Meretz]] USA (now [[Partners for Progressive Israel]]). He is a member of the High IQ collective [[Mensa International]].<ref name=quiz83>{{cite book|last1=Grosswirth|first1=Marvin|last2=Salny|first2=Abbie F.|title=The Mensa genius quiz|date=23 January 1983|publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing|isbn=978-0-201-05958-8|page=148}}</ref> Bikel has been president of the [[Associated Actors and Artistes of America]] since 1988. ==Published works== His autobiography, ''Theo'', was published in 1995 by [[Harper Collins]], and re-issued in an updated version by the [[University of Wisconsin Press]] in 2002 and 2014. ==Awards and recognition== *1959 [[Academy Award]] nomination for ''Flucht in Ketten'' (The Defiant Ones) *1992 Honorary Doctorate of the [[University of Hartford]] *1997 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Foundation for Jewish Culture *2008 Golden Rathausmann of Vienna (November 27) *2009 [[Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class]] (November 15)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXIV/AB/AB_10542/imfname_251156.pdf|title=Reply to a parliamentary question|language=de|page=1919|format=PDF|accessdate=31 January 2013}}</ref> ==Discography== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} *''Israeli Folk Songs'' (1955), Elektra *''An Actor’s Holiday'' (1958), Elektra *''Folk Songs of Israel'' (1958), Elektra *''A Young Man and a Maid'' (with [[Cynthia Gooding]]) (1958), Elektra *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Folk Songs'' (1958), Elektra *''Songs of a Russian Gypsy'' (1958), Elektra *''Folk Songs from Just about Everywhere'' (with Geula Gill) (1959), Elektra *''More Jewish Folk Songs'' (1959), Elektra *''Bravo Bikel!'' (Live From Carnegie Hall)'' (1959), Elektra *''Songs of Russia Old and New'' (1960), Elektra *''The Sound of Music'' (Original Broadway Cast) (1960), Columbia Records *''From Bondage to Freedom'' (1961), Elektra *''A Harvest of Israeli Folk Songs'' (1962), Elektra *''The Poetry and Prophesy of The Old Testament'' (1962), Elektra *''The Best of Bikel'' (1962), Elektra *''Theodore Bikel on Tour'' (1963), Elektra *''A Folksinger’s Choice'' (1964), Elektra *''The King and I'' (1964), Columbia Records {{col-break}} *''Yiddish Theatre and Folk Songs'' (1967), Elektra *''Songs of the Earth'' (with [[The Pennywhistlers]]) (1967), Elektra *''Theodore Bikel Is Tevye'' (1968), Elektra *''A New Day'' (1970), Reprise Records *''Silent No More'' (Soviet Jewish Underground) (1972), Star Records *''Theodore Bikel for the Young'' (1973), Peter Pan Records *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Holiday Songs'' (1987) *''Yiddish Theatre & Folk Songs'' (CD reissue, 1991), Bainbridge Records *''A Passover Story'' (1991), Western Wind *''A Chanukkah Story'' (1992), Western Wind *''Songs of a Russian Gypsy'' (CD reissue, 1992), Bainbridge Records *''Theodore Bikel Sings Jewish Folk Songs'' (CD reissue, 1992), Bainbridge Records *''Theodore Bikel Sings More Jewish Folk Songs'' (CD reissue, 1992) Bainbridge Records *''Rise up and Fight–Songs of Jewish Partisans'' (1996), Holocaust Museum *''A Taste of Passover'' (1998), Rounder Records *''A Taste of Chanukkah'' (2000), Rounder Records *''In My Own Lifetime'' (2006), Jewish Music Group *''Our Song'' (with [[Alberto Mizrahi]]) (2007), Opus Magica Musica<ref>http://www.bikel.com/music.html</ref><ref>http://digital.library.upenn.edu/webbin/freedman/lookupwork?hr=&what=Theodore%20Bikel%2F%20%20Alberto%20Mizrahi%20%2F%20Our%20Song {{Dead link|date=April 2015}}</ref> {{col-end}} ==Filmography== {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} *''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951) *''[[Moulin Rouge (1952 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' (1952) *''[[Never Let Me Go (1953 film)|Never Let Me Go]]'' (1953) *''[[A Day to Remember (1953 film)|A Day to Remember]]'' (1953) *''[[The Little Kidnappers (1953 film)|The Little Kidnappers]]'' (1953) *''[[The Love Lottery]]'' (1954) *''[[Betrayed (1954 film)|Betrayed]]'' (1954) (uncredited) *''[[The Divided Heart]]'' (1954) *''[[The Young Lovers (1954 film)|The Young Lovers]]'' (1954) *''[[The Colditz Story]]'' (1955) *''[[Above Us the Waves (film)|Above Us the Waves]]'' (1955) *''[[The Vintage]]'' (1957) *''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' (1957) *''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957) *''[[Fräulein (1958 film)|Fräulein]]'' (1958) *''[[I Bury the Living]]'' (1958) *''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' (1958) *''[[I Want to Live!]]'' (1958) *''[[Woman Obsessed]]'' (1959) {{col-break}} *''[[The Angry Hills (film)|The Angry Hills]]'' (1959) *''[[The Blue Angel (1959 film)|The Blue Angel]]'' (1959) *''[[A Dog of Flanders]]'' (1959) *''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964) *''Combat, Mountain Man'' (1964) (TV) *''[[Sands of the Kalahari]]'' (1965) *''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' (1966) *''[[Sweet November (1968 film)|Sweet November]]'' (1968) *''[[My Side of the Mountain (film)|My Side of the Mountain]]'' (1969) *''[[Darker than Amber (film)|Darker than Amber]]'' as Meyer (1970) *''[[200 Motels]]'' (1971) *''[[Victory at Entebbe]]'' (1976) (TV) *''[[List of Columbo episodes#Season 6|Columbo: The Bye-Bye Sky High IQ Murder Case]]'' (1977) (TV) *''[[The Stingiest Man In Town]]'' (1978) (TV) (voice) *''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' (1980) (voice) *''[[See You in the Morning (film)|See You in the Morning]]'' (1989) *''[[The Final Days (film)|The Final Days]]'' (1989) (TV) *''[[Shattered (1991 film)|Shattered]]'' (1991) *''[[Shadow Conspiracy]]'' (1997) *''[[Second Chances]]'' (1998) *''[[Crime and Punishment (2002 Russian film)|Crime and Punishment]]'' (2002) {{col-end}} ==See also== {{Portal|Biography}} *[[List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== *{{IMDb name|0000942}} *{{Amg name|6169}} *[http://www.bikel.com/ Theodore Bikel Official website] *[http://www.sonybmgmasterworks.com/artists/theodorebikel/ Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks] *[http://www.accuracyproject.org/cbe-Bikel,Theo.html Theodore Bikel] at the Internet Accuracy Project *[http://www.jerrywilliams.org/audio/WMEX/wmex05.m3u Part 1 of 2 of interview by Jerry Williams on WMEX Radio in Boston hours after the Kennedy Assassination] *[http://www.jerrywilliams.org/audio/WMEX/wmex06.m3u Part 2 of 2 of interview by Jerry Williams on WMEX Radio in Boston hours after the Kennedy Assassination] *[http://amestrib.com/entertainment/theodore-bikel-still-entertaining Interview with Theodore Bikel] – Ames Tribune, January 24 10, 2015. *http://www.journey4artists.com {{Authority control}} {{Persondata |NAME = Bikel, Theodore |ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |SHORT DESCRIPTION = American actor |DATE OF BIRTH = May 2, 1924 |PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Vienna, Austria]] |DATE OF DEATH = |PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bikel, Theodore}} [[Category:1924 births]] [[Category:20th-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American labor leaders]] [[Category:American male musical theatre actors]] [[Category:American male television actors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American memoirists]] [[Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent]] [[Category:American political activists]] [[Category:Austrian emigrants to Israel]] [[Category:Austrian Jews]] [[Category:Elektra Records artists]] [[Category:Jewish American male actors]] [[Category:Jewish American musicians]] [[Category:Jewish singers]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Israeli emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:Israeli Jews]] [[Category:Male actors from Vienna]] [[Category:Mensans]] [[Category:Musicians from Vienna]] [[Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class]] [[Category:Yiddish singers]]'