Examine individual changes

'{{about|the signature theme of [[Eon Productions]]' [[James Bond in film|James Bond film series]]|other James Bond music|James Bond music}} {{merge from|James Bond Theme (Moby's Re-Version)|discuss=Talk:James Bond Theme#Proposed merge with James Bond Theme (Moby's Re-Version)|date=June 2015}} [[Image:Monty Norman John Barry - Dr. No OST album cover.jpg|thumb|250px|Cover of the [[Dr. No (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] of the film ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', which premiered the "James Bond Theme" by [[Monty Norman]], performed by [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry & Orchestra]].]] The "'''James Bond Theme'''" is the main signature [[theme music|theme]] of the [[James Bond]] films and has featured in every [[Eon Productions#James Bond series|Eon Productions]] Bond film since ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', released in 1962. The piece has been used as an accompanying [[fanfare]] to the [[gun barrel sequence]] in almost every James Bond film. The "James Bond Theme" has accompanied the opening titles twice, as part of the medley that opens ''Dr. No'' and then again in the opening credits of ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From<span>&nbsp;</span>Russia with Love]]'' (1963). It has been used as music over the end credits for ''Dr. No'', ''[[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]]'' (1965), ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)|On<span>&nbsp;</span>Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' (1969), ''[[The World Is Not Enough]]'' (1999), ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'' (2006), ''[[Quantum of Solace]]'' (2008), and ''[[Skyfall]]'' (2012). The tune uses a [[surf rock]] style guitar riff. At the time of the first film's release, surf rock was a major craze. ==Authorship and origin== [[John Barry]] is the man whom had written the "James Bond Theme" in 1962 and .<ref>http://www.jollinger.com/barry/lawsuit.htm</ref> For ''[[Dr. No (soundtrack)|Dr. No]]'', the tune was [[arrangement|arranged]]<ref name=lawsuit>{{cite web|url=http://www.jollinger.com/barry/lawsuit.htm |title=The John jonty Resource Monty Norman's "James Bond Theme" Lawsuit|accessdate=2008-05-07}}</ref> by [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]], who would later go on to compose the soundtracks for eleven James Bond films. Courts have ruled twice that the theme was written by Monty Norman, despite claims and testimony by Barry that he had actually written the theme. Norman has consequently won two [[libel]] actions against publishers for claiming that Barry wrote the theme, most recently against ''[[The Sunday Times]]'' in 2001. Norman describes the distinctive [[rhythm]] of the guitar in the first few bars of the "James Bond Theme" as "Dum di-di dum dum". He claims that it was inspired by the song "Good Sign Bad Sign" sung by [[India]]n characters in ''[[A House for Mr Biswas]]'', a musical he composed based on a [[novel]] by [[V.S. Naipaul]] set in the Indian community in [[Trinidad]]. Norman showed his manuscript music from ''[[A House for Mr Biswas]]'' in a filmed interview and sang its lyrics. In 2005, Norman released an album called ''[[Completing the Circle]]'' that features "Good Sign Bad Sign", the "James Bond Theme," and a similar sounding song titled "Dum Di-Di Dum Dum." For these songs Norman added lyrics that explain the origin and history of the "James Bond Theme". Though the "James Bond Theme" is identified with John Barry's jazz arrangement, parts of it are heard throughout Monty Norman's score for ''Dr. No'' in non-jazzy guises. Barry's arrangement is repeated ("tracked") in various scenes of the first Bond film. This is consistent with the account given by Barry and some of the film makers, contained in supplementary material on the DVD release of ''Dr. No'': Barry was called in to make an arrangement of Norman's motif after Norman had completed the score. There is no information about the distinctive [[ostinati]], [[countermelodies]], and bridges introduced by Barry that are juxtaposed with Norman's motif in order to flesh out the arrangement. These added musical figures have become as recognizable to listeners as Norman's motif, which is probably responsible for the controversy over the authorship of the "James Bond Theme" as listeners have come to know it. The "James Bond Theme" was recorded on 21 June 1962,<ref name=lawsuit/> using five [[saxophone]]s, nine [[brass instrument|brass]], a solo guitar and a rhythm section.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lindner|first=Christoph |title=The James Bond phenomenon: a critical reader|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=2003|ISBN=978-0-7190-6541-5 |page=124}}</ref> The guitar [[Ostinato#Riff|riff]] heard in the original recording of the theme was played by [[Vic Flick]] on a 1939 English Clifford Essex Paragon Deluxe guitar plugged into a [[Vox (musical equipment)|Vox]] AC15 amplifier. He was paid a one-off fee of £6 for recording the famous James Bond Theme riff. John Scott played the saxophone.<ref name=lawsuit/> ==Use in the James Bond films== Within the Bond films themselves, many different arrangements of the theme have been used, often reflecting the musical tastes of the specific times. The [[electric guitar]] version of the theme is most associated with the [[Sean Connery]] era although it was also used in some [[Roger Moore]] films, in [[Timothy Dalton]]'s final film ''[[Licence to Kill]]'' and in the Bond films starring [[Pierce Brosnan]] with scores composed by [[David Arnold]]. For every Bond movie which John Barry scored, he orchestrated a slightly different version of the Bond theme, as can be heard during the [[gun barrel sequence]]. These specialised Bond themes often reflected the style and locations featured in the movie, and the actor playing Bond. The "James Bond Theme" and its variations found in the movies are played during many different types of scenes. Early in the series, the theme provided background music to Connery's entrances. It was not until ''Goldfinger'' that John Barry began to use the theme as an action cue. Since then, the primary use of the "James Bond Theme" has been with action scenes. ===Sean Connery (1962—1967, 1971)=== The first appearance of the "James Bond Theme" was in ''Dr. No''. There it was used as part of the actual gunbarrel and main title sequence. In ''From Russia with Love'', the "James Bond Theme" in not only the gunbarrel pre-title sequence, but as part of the main title theme and appears in the track "James Bond with Bongos". It is a slower, jazzier, somewhat punchier rendition than the original orchestration. The original Barry arrangement from ''Dr. No'' is heard during a check of Bond's room for listening devices. In ''Goldfinger'', the "James Bond Theme" can be heard on the soundtrack in "Bond Back in Action Again" (gunbarrel and pre-title sequence). The "James Bond Theme" for this movie is heavily influenced by the brassy, jazzy theme song sung by [[Shirley Bassey]]. ''Thunderball'' featured a full orchestral version of the theme in the track "Chateau Flight". Another full orchestral version was intended for the end titles of the film. ''You Only Live Twice'' featured a funereal orchestration with Bond's "burial" at sea sequence in Hong Kong harbour. With the return of Sean Connery in ''Diamonds Are Forever'', the guitar made a comeback along with a full orchestral version during a hovercraft sequence. On the [[Diamonds Are Forever (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] this track is named "Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd/Bond to Holland." ===George Lazenby (1969)=== The [[George Lazenby]] film ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' used a unique high-pitched arrangement with the melody played on a [[Moog synthesizer]]. The cue is called "This Never Happened to the Other Fella" and a similar recording was used over the film's end credits. The film has a downbeat ending and the explosive burst of the "James Bond Theme" at the film's very end suggests Bond will return in spite of the situation he finds himself in at the climax of this movie. ===Roger Moore (1973—1985)=== When [[Roger Moore]] came to the role, the "James Bond Theme" became a string orchestra driven piece. The brief quote of the theme in the pre-credits music of ''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'', titled "Bond 77", featured a disco sound, reflecting a style of music which was very popular at the time. Likewise, in ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'', the James Bond theme was featured in a Funk-inspired version of the tune reflecting the music of Blaxploitation films popular at the time. "The Spy Who Loved Me" returned briefly to using the surf-rock guitar associated with the theme from the early days. The tune has been inserted into many of the films' soundtracks at various places as part of an action sequence. In the last Bond films of Roger Moore, the melody of the theme was played on strings. One unusual instance occurred in ''[[Octopussy]]'', when Bond's contact, who is disguised as a [[snake charmer]] played a few notes of the tune for Roger Moore's James Bond, presumably as a pre-arranged identification signal; an example of [[Diegesis#Film sound and music|diegetic music]]. ===Timothy Dalton (1987—1989)=== Timothy Dalton's first film ''[[The Living Daylights]]'', which was the last Bond film scored by Barry, used a symphonic version with the melody played on strings. This version of the Bond theme is notable for its introduction of sequenced electronic rhythm tracks overdubbed with the orchestra - at the time, a relatively new innovation. In ''[[Licence to Kill]]'', the Bond theme was arranged by [[Michael Kamen]] using [[rock music|rock]] drums to symbolize a harder and more violent Bond. This gunbarrel is the first one since ''Dr. No'' not starting with the Bond theme but orchestral hits though the surf guitar makes returns soon after. ===Pierce Brosnan (1995—2002)=== The [[James Bond gunbarrel sequence|gunbarrel]] of the Pierce Brosnan film ''[[GoldenEye]]'' opened with a synthesized arrangement by [[Éric Serra]] which plays the guitar riff on (almost indistinct) kettle drums. A more traditional rendition by [[John Altman (composer)|John Altman]] is heard in the film during the tank chase in St. Petersburg. This version of the "James Bond Theme" is not included in the ''GoldenEye'' soundtrack. [[David Arnold]]'s gunbarrel arrangements in ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[The World Is Not Enough]]'' dropped the guitar melody line, jumping straight from the tune's opening to its concluding bars. An electronic rhythm was added to the gunbarrel of ''The World Is Not Enough''. The typical Bond guitar line can be heard during some action scenes. The ''[[Die Another Day]]'' gunbarrel recalls the version of ''From Russia with Love'' but with a more [[techno]]-influenced rhythm. It also contains the guitar riff of the "James Bond Theme". ===Daniel Craig (since 2006)=== Craig's first James Bond film, ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'', does not feature the "James Bond Theme" in its entirety until the very end of the movie during a climactic scene. In ''Casino Royale'', the main notes of the song "[[You Know My Name]]" are played throughout the film as a substitute for the "James Bond Theme". A new recording of the classic theme, titled "The Name's Bond…James Bond",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.ign.com/articles/743/743130p1.html |title=Casino Royale Soundtrack Tracklisting Revealed|accessdate=2010-01-27}}</ref> only plays during the end credits to signal the beginning of the character's new arc as the 21st century version of James Bond. Although that is the first time the theme is played in its entirety, the first bars of the song (the chord progression) appeared as a slow background music in seven moments throughout the movie: after Bond's conversation with M (during his flight), after winning the Aston Martin, when he makes his first appearance in a tuxedo (accompanied by a few bars of the bridge), after he has survived the poisoned martini, when he wins the final match at the Casino Royale, when Bond is following Vesper and one last time when Bond speaks with M on the phone. In the end of ''[[Quantum of Solace]]'', the theme appears with Craig's new official gunbarrel sequence, unusually shown at the end of the film. The theme here is very similar to the classic style it took in ''Casino Royale''. The theme appears sparingly throughout the score itself, never in an immediately recognisable variation. David Arnold said in an interview on the DVD extras for ''Tomorrow Never Dies'' that hearing the "James Bond Theme" is what he expects to hear as an audience member in action scenes and yet his scores for ''Casino Royale'' and ''Quantum of Solace'' only use it during the end credits. The opening to ''[[Skyfall]]'' includes the theme as part of the harmony to [[Adele|Adele's]] vocals and is used as the chord progression, including a faint surf guitar riff. Also, similar to ''Quantum of Solace'', the gunbarrel sequence is shown at the end of ''Skyfall''. The theme that plays along with the sequence and into the end credits is David Arnold's ''Casino Royale'' track "The Name's Bond…James Bond". Despite this, the film's score was composed by [[Thomas Newman]], who also incorporated the "James Bond Theme" throughout the entire film. ==Cover versions== Over 70 [[cover versions]] of the "James Bond Theme" have been recorded by artists such as: {{Col-begin}} {{Col-3}} * [[Barry Adamson]] * [[The Art of Noise]] * [[John Barry (composer)|John Barry]] * [[Ray Barretto]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[bond (band)|bond]] * [[Biddu]] * [[Stanley Black]] * [[Al Caiola]] * [[Glen Campbell]] * [[Cannibal Corpse]] * [[Frank Chacksfield]] * [[Crazy Frog]]-named The Crazybond * [[Danny Davis (country musician)|Danny Davis]] * [[Fanfare Ciocărlia]] * [[Ferrante and Teicher]] * [[Richard Fortus]] * [[The Four Esquires]] (vocal version) * [[Leroy Holmes]] {{Col-3}} * [[Johnny and the Hurricanes]] * [[George Martin|George Martin Orchestra]] * [[Ray Martin (orchestra leader)|Ray Martin]] * [[Hank Marvin]] * [[Meco]] * [[Moby]] * [[Hugo Montenegro]] * [[Franck Pourcel]] * [[Pendulum (band)|Pendulum]] * [[Perez Prado]] * [[Poets of the Fall]] * [[The Selecter]] * [[Roland Shaw (bandleader)|Roland Shaw]] * [[The Skatalites]] * [[Ed Starink]] * [[Billy Strange]] * [[The Ventures]] * [[Si Zentner]] * [[John Zorn]] *{{col-3}} [[Image: Drno453.jpg|right|thumb|1963 cover version by Al Caiola]] *{{Col-end}} ==Video games== * An original cover recording for the "James Bond Theme" was also created by [[Richard Fortus]] as [[downloadable content]] for the video game ''[[Guitar Hero World Tour]]'' (a case of corporate synergy, as ''Guitar Hero'' publisher [[Activision]] also holds the license to produce games based on the James Bond franchise).<ref>{{cite web | url =http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-03-2009/0004981873&EDATE | title = Guitar Hero(R) Catalog Expands With New Music From Rock 'n' Roll Icons Queen and Jimi Hendrix This Month | date = 2009-03-03 | accessdate = 2009-03-06 | publisher = [[PR Newswire]]}}</ref> Fortus later played the tune live with [[Guns N' Roses]] during their [[Up Close and Personal Tour (Guns N' Roses)|2012 tour]].<ref>[http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-at-night/2012/02/guns-n-roses-concert-review-up-close-and-personal-tour-live-at-house-of-blues-chicago-sunday-21912-with-setlist/ ref]</ref> * In ''[[Street Fighter III]]'', the characters of Yun and Yang have stage music that very closely resembles the James Bond theme, called ''Crowded Street''. * The player can receive a unique weapon known as the "Mysterious Magnum" from the Lonesome Drifter in ''[[Fallout: New Vegas]]''. Upon drawing the weapon, a Bond Theme-esque guitar riff plays, and upon holstering the weapon, a final note plays. * The opening gunbarrel sequence for the [[Nintendo 64]] game ''[[GoldenEye_007_(1997_video_game)|GoldenEye 007]]'' uses a rock-influenced version of the theme. * An electrified version of the theme is played in the credits of the ''GoldenEye 007'' game for the Wii * An 8-bit recording of the song was used on James Bond's inaugural video game, ''[[James Bond 007 (1983 video game)|James Bond 007]]''. 10 years after that game's released, [[Sega]] recorded another 8-bit version for [[Game Gear]]/[[Master System]] and the first 16-bit version for [[Mega Drive|Sega Genesis]] of the tune for ''[[James Bond 007: The Duel]]'' (known as 007 Shitou -007死闘- in [[Japan]].) * In the video game [[Skyblazer]], 2 tracks plays a similar theme of James Bond in levels "Cliffs Of Peril" and "Tower Of The Tarolisk". ==See also== * [[Outline of James Bond]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{James Bond music}} [[Category:Songs from James Bond films]] [[Category:1962 songs]] [[Category:Instrumentals]]'