Examine individual changes

'{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} [[File:Gustav Metzger, Manchester International Festival 2009 (3693540702).jpg|thumb|upright|Gustav Metzger in 2009.]] '''Gustav Metzger''' (born 10 April 1926) is an artist and political activist who developed the concept of [[Auto-Destructive Art]] and the [[Art Strike]]. Together with John Sharkey, he initiated the [[Destruction in Art Symposium]] in 1966. Metzger is recognised for his protests in the political and artistic realms.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} ==Early life and education== He was born to [[Polish-Jewish]] parents in [[Nuremberg]], Germany in 1926 and came to Britain in 1939 as a [[refugee]] under the auspices of the [[Kindertransport|Refugee Children Movement]]. He has been [[Stateless person|stateless]] since the 1940s. He received a grant from the UK Jewish community to study at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in [[Antwerp]] between 1948 and 1949. It is with an experience of twentieth century society's destructive capabilities that led Metzger to a concentrated 'formulation of what destruction is and what it might be in relation to art.'<ref name="ReferenceA">Pioneers in Art and Science: Metzger (film), [[Ken McMullen (film director)]] 2004</ref> ==Career== His experience of twentieth century society's destructive capabilities led Metzger to a concentrated 'formulation of what destruction is and what it might be in relation to art.'<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He is known as a leading exponent of the [[Auto-Destructive Art]]<ref>Alan Liu, (2004) The Laws of Cool, University of Chicago Press, pp. 330–331.</ref> and the [[Art Strike]] movements. He was also active in the [[Committee of 100 (United Kingdom)|Committee of 100]] - a 'named' member<ref> ''Peace News'', 15 September 1961, p 9</ref> - and took part in their early anti-nuclear base campaigns of [[direct action]] and [[Military occupation|occupation]]. In 1959 he published the first auto-destructive manifesto ''Auto-Destructive Art''.<ref>Kristine Stiles & Peter Selz, ''Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art: A Sourcebook of Artists' Writings'' (Second Edition, Revised and Expanded by Kristine Stiles) University of California Press 2012, pp. 470–471</ref> This was given as a lecture to the Architecture Association in 1964, which was taken over by students as an artistic '[[Happening]]'. In 1962 he participated in the Festival of Misfits organised by members of the [[Fluxus]] group, at Gallery One, London. His proposal to exhibit the front pages of the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' covering the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] was rejected by the organisers [[Robert Filliou]] and [[Daniel Spoerri]]. In 2005 he selected [[EASTinternational]] which he proclaimed to be "The art exhibition without the art.".<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2005/06/28/visual_arts_east_2005_feature.shtml BBC news website]</ref> Throughout the 60 years that Metzger has been producing politically engaged works, he has incorporated materials ranging from trash to old newspapers, liquid crystals to industrial materials, and even acid. "<ref name="artinfo.com">Hanamirian, Jocelyn. "[http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/32397/gustav-metzger/ Gustav Metzger at the Serpentine Gallery London]." ''[[Modern Painters (magazine)|Modern Painters]]'', September 2009.</ref> From 29 September to 8 November 2009 the [[Serpentine Gallery]] in London featured the most extensive exhibition ever in the UK of his work. Exhibits included the installation ''Flailing Trees'', 15 upturned willow trees embedded in a block of concrete, symbolising a world turned upside down by [[global warming]]. He felt that artists are especially threatened, because so many rely on nature as a big inspiration. Metzger stated that "artists have a special part to play in opposing extinction, if only on a theoretical, intellectual basis." "<ref name="artinfo.com"/> Metzger has continued to make challenging art works around the world. He currently lives and works in East London. ==Works== ===Public Demonstration of Auto-Destructive Art=== This was originally made in 1960 and remade as ''Recreation of First Public Demonstration of Auto-Destructive Art'' in 2004.<ref name="tate.org.uk">[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=89527 Recreation of First Public Demonstration of Auto-Destructive Art], [[Tate Online]], retrieved 30 August 2006.</ref> ===Demonstration at the South Bank, London, 1961=== ===Acid action painting=== {{cquote|''Acid action painting''. Height 7 ft, Length 12' 6". Depth 6 ft. Materials: nylon, hydrochloric acid, metal. Technique. 3 nylon canvases coloured white black red are arranged behind each other, in this order. Acid is painted, flung and sprayed onto the nylon which corrodes at point of contact within 15 seconds.|author=Gustav Metzger<ref name="UCSBClassNotes">[http://transcriptions.english.ucsb.edu/archive/courses/liu/english25/materials/class5notes.html Aesthetic Ideology in the Information Age], USCB, retrieved 31 August 2006</ref>}} ===Construction with glass=== {{cquote|''Construction with glass''. Height 13 ft. Width 9' 6". Materials. Glass, metal, adhesive tape. Technique. The glass sheets suspended by adhesive tape fall onto the concrete ground in a pre-arranged sequence.|author=Gustav Metzger<ref name="UCSBClassNotes" />}} ===Liquid Crystal Environment=== ''Liquid Crystal Environment'' was originally made in 1965 and remade in 2005.<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=89531 Liquid Crystal Environment], [[Tate Online]], retrieved 30 August 2006.</ref> ===Historic Photographs=== This ongoing series of work consists of enlarged [[newspaper|press]] photographs of catastrophic events of the 20th century presented to the viewer using confrontational and experiential methods.<ref name="JonesAFfHSUCL">Jones, A. [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/forum-for-holocaust-studies/metzger.html Introduction to the Historic Photographs of Gustav Metzger], Forum for Holocaust Studies, [[University College London]], retrieved 30 August 2006.</ref> ===Recreation of First Public Demonstration of Auto-Destructive Art=== This was a recreation of the [[#Public Demonstration of Auto-Destructive Art|original demonstration]] made in 1960.<ref name="tate.org.uk"/> An integral piece of the installation at the [[Tate Britain]], a bag containing rubbish, was erroneously disposed by a cleaner on 30 June 2004.<ref name="Guardian2004HADAWGDTS">Jones, S. 2004. [http://arts.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,11711,1292094,00.html How auto-destructive art work got destroyed too soon ], The Guardian, retrieved 31 August 2006.</ref> Metzger declared the piece ruined and created a new bag as a replacement. ===Flailing Trees=== Originally conceived for Manchester Peace Garden and commissioned by Manchester International Festival in 2009, this work consists of uprooted trees inverted into a concrete block in a powerful environmental memorandum of man's destructive capabilities and violation of Nature.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/interactive/2009/jun/30/gustav-metzger-manchester-festival|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=8 November 2011 | location=London|first=Christopher|last=Thomond|title=Art and design,Art (visual arts only),Manchester international festival,Exhibitions,Environment,Culture,Sculpture (Art and design),Installation (Art and design)|date=30 June 2009}}</ref> ==Influences== The painter [[David Bomberg]], the leading light of the [[Borough Group]], taught Metzger and was influential in his development.<ref name="JonesAFfHSUCL" /> ==Legacy== Around the same time, he was lecturing at [[Ealing Art College]], where one of his students was rock musician [[Pete Townshend]], who later cited Metzger's concepts as an influence for his famous guitar-smashing during performances of [[The Who]]. He has also influenced the self-eating [[computer virus]] works by the [[digital artist]] [[Joseph Nechvatal]].<ref>Alan Liu, (2004) The Laws of Cool, University of Chicago Press, pp. 331–336 & 485–486.</ref> ==See also== * [[Anti-art]] * [[Auto-Destructive Art]] * [[Destruction in Art Symposium]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Metzger, Gustav | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Artist and political activist | DATE OF BIRTH = 1926-04-10 | PLACE OF BIRTH = Nuremberg, Germany | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Metzger, Gustav}} [[Category:1926 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Nuremberg]] [[Category:Fluxus]] [[Category:Stateless people]] [[Category:Postmodern artists]] [[Category:Conceptual artists]] [[Category:Contemporary painters]] [[Category:Kindertransport refugees]] [[Category:German expatriates in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Borough Group]] [[Category:German Jews]] [[Category:English activists]] [[Category:English anti–nuclear weapons activists]] [[Category:Jewish activists]] [[Category:English people of Polish-Jewish descent]] [[Category:British people of Jewish descent]] [[Category:English contemporary artists]] [[Category:British contemporary artists]]'