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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '[[File:18rg 1974 toyota corona torc 2014.jpg|thumb|1974 Toyota 18R-G engine.]]
The '''[[Toyota]] R family''' was a series of [[Inline-four engine|straight-four]] [[gasoline]] engines. Designed for [[Longitudinal engine|longitudinal]] use in such vehicles as the [[Toyota Celica|Celica]] and [[Toyota Hilux|Hilux]] and in production from 1953 through 1997, use faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. [[OHC]] versions featured a chain-driven [[camshaft]], mitigating the danger of internal damage from interference as in belt-driven engines.
==History of the R family==
===R===
[[File:1953 Toyota R Type engine.jpg|thumb|1953 Toyota R engine.]]
The 1.5 L (1,453 cc) '''R''' family was produced from 1953 through 1964, and was originally manufactured at the [[Toyota Honsha plant]].
Bore was 77 mm (3.03 in) and stroke was 78 mm (3.07 in).<ref name="RT20parts">Corona 1500 Parts Catalog, No.53282-67</ref> In common with new engines of the time, it was made from cast iron (both the block and the head), water cooled, used a three bearing crank, 12V electrics and a side mounted gear-driven camshaft controlling [[overhead valve]]s via pushrods in a [[Reverse-flow cylinder head|non-cross flow]] head (exhaust and inlet manifolds being on the same side of the engine).<ref name="RT20parts"/> Induction was by a twin throat down-draft carburettor, the compression ratio was 8.0:1 and the total weight was 155 kg.<ref name="RT20parts"/> An [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''R-LPG''', was produced for the last two years.
The R engine was the Toyota engine used in the 1958 [[Toyota Crown]], the first model to be exported to the United States. ''[[Road & Track]]'' was unimpressed with the engine on its introduction, noting that it idled quietly but was "not capable of very high revolutions per minute."
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| R
| 45 (60) at 4,400 rpm
| 108 (79.5) at 2,600 rpm
| 1953–1964
|
|-
| R-LPG
|
|
| 1962–1964
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1953-1955 [[Toyota Super]]
* 1955-1956 [[Toyota Master]]
* 1955-1958 [[Toyota Crown]]
===2R===
The 1.5 L (1,490 cc) '''2R''' family was produced from 1964 through 1971. It is a square engine, with bore and stroke of 78 millimetres.
Again, an [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''2R-LPG''', was produced alongside the gasoline version. Production had been gradually transferred from the original Honsha plant to the new [[Toyota Kamigo plant]] in 1968.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 2R
| 55 (74) at 5,000 rpm
| 116 (85) at 2,600 rpm
| 1964–1969
|
|-
| 2R-LPG
|
|
| 1964–1969
| LPG
|}
Applications:<ref name="Riken71">{{citation | title = Piston Ring Sets Price List | url = http://grot66.ru/RIKEN+PISTON+RING+SIZE+LIST+18.pdf | page = 71 | volume = 18 | publisher = Riken Corporation |date=November 2008 | location = Tokyo, Japan }}</ref>
* 1964-Jan 1970 [[Toyota Corona]] RT40/RT46V/RT50/RT56
* Feb 1970-Jan 1971 [[Toyota Corona]] RT80/90/86V
* 1968-1971 [[Toyota Mark II]]
* Toyota Bus RH15B
* 1965-1967 [[Toyota Stout]] RK43/RK47
* [[Toyota Toyoace]] PK41
* [[Toyota Hilux]] RN10
===3R===
The 1.9 L (1,897 cc) '''3R''' family was produced from 1959 through 1968.
When introduced it had a 7.7:1 compression ratio. In 1960 the 3R was uprated to 8:1 and the '''3R-B''' version was offered from 1960 through 1968 with the old 7.7:1 compression ratio. The '''3R-C''' was introduced to comply with Californian emissions laws. The '''3R-LPG''' variant was made for the last five years.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (PS)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 3R
| 59 (80) at 4,600 rpm
| 142 (105) at 2,600 rpm
| 1959–1960
| 7.7 CR
|-
| 3R
| 66 (90) at 5,000 rpm
| 142 (105) at 3,400 rpm
| 1960–1968
| 8.0 CR
|-
| 3R-B
| 59 (80) at 4,600 rpm
| 142 (105) at 2,600 rpm
| 1960–1968
| 7.7 CR
|-
| 3R-C
|
|
|
| emissions control - California
|-
| 3R-LPG
|
|
| 1963–1968
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1963–1968 [[Toyota Dyna]]
* 1964–1967 [[Toyota Stout]], originally 85 PS (63 kW)
* 1969–? [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1967–1969 [[Toyota Corona]] (US)
* 1959–1967 [[Toyota Crown]]
* 1959–? [[Toyota Masterline]]
===4R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''4R''' family was produced from 1965 through 1968.
Bore was 80.5 mm and stroke was 78 mm.
Applications:
* 1967 [[Toyota Corona]] (Japan)
===5R===
The 2.0 L (1,994 cc) '''5R''' family was produced from 1968 through 1986.<br />
An [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''5R-LPG''', was produced from 1968 through 1983.
It was a 2-valve [[Overhead valve|OHV]] engine. Cylinder bore was 88 mm (3.46 in) and stroke was 82 mm (3.23 in). <br />
Output was 106 hp (79 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 125 lb·ft (169 N·m) at 3,000 rpm.
Applications:
*[[Toyota Crown]]: third through sixth generation (RS50, RS60/66, RS80/RS100, and RS110). Only with LPG for taxi use in the last two generations.
*[[Toyota Dyna]] RU10
*[[Toyota Stout]] RK101
*[[Toyota Toyoace]] RY20
*Aug 1981-? [[Toyota Corona]] sixth generation (RT131), only LPG with automatic transmission.
===6R===
The 1.7 L (1,707 cc) '''6R''' was produced from 1969 through 1974. Output is 107 hp at 5,300 rpm. The '''6R-B''' was produced those same years, while the natural gas powered '''6R-LPG''' was produced from 1970 through 1973.
;Applications:
* Sep 1970-Jul 1973 [[Toyota Corona#T80|Toyota Corona]] RT84/94
* Jan 1972-Aug 1973 [[Toyota Mark II#X10|Toyota Mark II]] RX16V - {{convert|95|PS|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=toycomm>{{citation | ref = love | script-title=ja:愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。| trans_title = Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow. | language = Japanese | year = 1972 | type = catalog | publisher = Toyota Motor Co. | page = 1 }}</ref>
===7R===
The 1.6 L (1591 cc) '''7R''' was produced from 1968 through 1971 with a twin throat down-draft carburettor.<ref name="RT41parts">Toyota Corona Deluxe, Parts Catalog, No.53212-68</ref><br />
The '''7R-B''' was produced from 1968 through 1969 with dual [[SU carburetor|SU carburettors]] and higher compression.<br />
The '''7R-LPG''' was produced from 1969 through 1970.
The 7R was similar in displacement and technology to the 4R except the wider 86 mm bore and shorter 68.5 mm stroke of the 7R gave different power characteristics.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Compression
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 7R<ref name="RT41parts"/>
| 63 (85) at 5,500 rpm
| 123 (90) at 3,800 rpm
| 8.5
| 1968–1971
|
|-
| 7R-B<ref name="RT41parts"/>
| 75 (100) at 6,200 rpm
| 133 (98) at 4,200 rpm
| 9.5
| 1968–1969
| Dual SU carburettors
|-
| 7R-LPG
|
|
|
| 1969–1971
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1968-1970 [[Toyota Corona]] (RT41 sedan, RT53 hardtop, RT54 hardtop)
* 1970 [[Toyota Corona]] (RT82 sedan)
* 1968-1970 [[Toyota Mark II#T70|Toyota Corona Mark II]] (RT6x)
* 1968-1971 [[Toyota Mark II#T70|Toyota Corona Mark II Wagon]] (RT76D)<ref>{{citation | title = Wagon: Corona Mark II Wagon | language = Japanese | publisher = Toyota | type = sales sheet }}</ref>
{{anchor|8R-G}}
===8R===
The 1.9 L (1,858 cc) '''8R''' The engine was produced from 1968 through 1973.<br />
Cylinder bore was 85.9 mm (3.38 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in) with a five bearing crank.<br />
It was also available as the '''8R-D''', dual SU '''8R-B''', [[Electronic fuel injection|EFI]] '''8R-E''', Californian-spec '''8R-C''' and [[DOHC]] '''8R-G'''.
It was a major departure for the R family. With a 2-valve [[SOHC]] head, it impressed contemporary reviewers - ''[[Road & Track]]'' praised its quietness and free-revving nature.
The Toyota upped the ante again with the [[DOHC]] (but still 2-valve) '''8R-G''', produced from 1969 through 1972. From 1969 to Feb 1971 it was known as the '''10R''', but along with a removal of the tensioner gear in the interest of quieter operation, it was renamed the 8R-G to reflect the decision that twin-cam engines were henceforth to be identified by a "-G" suffix.<ref name="TC27">{{citation | title = All About the Toyota Twin Cam, 2nd ed. | url = http://www.3sgte.com/page_29.htm | page = 27 | publisher = Toyota Motor Company | year = 1984 | location = Tokyo, Japan }}</ref> 4,931 twin cam engines were built, all installed in the [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] (RT72) 1900 GSS. The 10R/8R-G weighed in at 170 kg and as such was both lighter and more compact than its less powerful predecessor the '''[[#9R|9R]]'''<ref name="twincams">[http://www.3sgte.com/page_8.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 6</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Compression
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 8R
| 81 (108) at 5,500 rpm
| 153 (113) at 3,800 rpm
| 9.0
| 1968–1972
|
|-
| 8R-B
| 82 (110) at 6,000 rpm
| 152 (112) at 4,000 rpm
| 10.0
| 1969–1971
| Dual [[SU carburetor|SU carburettors]]
|-
| 8R-D
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8R-E
|
|
|
|
| EFI
|-
| 8R-C
| 81 (108) at 5,500 rpm
| 174 (128) at 3,600 rpm
| 9.0
|
| Californian emissions controls
|-
| 8R-G
| 104 (140) at 6,400 rpm
| 166 (123) at 5,200 rpm
|
| 1969–1972
| DOHC, dual side-draft carburettors
|}
Applications:
* 1970–1971 [[Toyota Hilux]], 97 HP (72 kW)
* 1971–1973 [[Toyota Corona]] 1900 hardtop
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop GSS (8R-G)
===9R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''9R''' was produced from 1967 through 1968. Bore 80.5 x 78mm stroke
It was essentially a 4R with a [[DOHC]] head designed by Yamaha. The cam lobes activated the valves directly via a bucket over shim arrangement. This same arrangement was used on the 2M, 8R-G, 10R, 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and 3T-GTE engines (all designed by Yamaha).
Output was 110 hp (82 kW) at 6,200 rpm and 101 lb·ft (136 N·m) at 5,000 rpm. It was a 2-valve [[DOHC]] design with two [[Solex]] carburettors and weighed 174 kg. A total of 2,229 9R engines were built.<ref name="twincams"/>
Applications:
* [[Toyota Corona]] RT55 Corona 1600 GT hardtop
===10R===
The twin cam 1.9 L (1,858 cc) '''10R''' was produced from 1967 through Feb 1971, when it was renamed the [[#8R-G|8R-G]]. The later 8R-G version did not receive a timing chain tensioner in an effort to make it more silent.<ref name="TC27"/>
Output was 140 hp (104 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 123 lb·ft (166 N·m) at 5,200 rpm.
Applications:
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT75 Corona Mark II GSS
===12R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''12R''' was produced from 1969 through 1988. It was also built in the Philippines as the '''12R-M''',<ref name="VIM">{{Cite journal | title = Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual | publisher = Toyota Motor Sale Co., Ltd. - Export Parts Department | year = 1984 | id = 97913-84 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> by Toyota's local affiliate [[Delta Motors Corporation]].<br />
Technical Specs (Finnish Owner's Manual from 1973 Corona Mark 1)<br />
- Four cylinder, 4-stroke, OHV <br />
- Bore & stroke: 80.5 × 78.0mm <br />
- Compression ratio: 8,5:1 <br />
- Maximum power: 90 PS/5400rpm SAE
The '''12R-LPG''', was produced from 1969 through 1983.<br />
Technical Specs : 1975 59KW 80HP redline 4,400 rpm
Applications:
* 1971-1978 [[Toyota Corona]]
* 1971-1972 [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1977 [[Toyota Hiace]]
* 1975 [[Toyota Hiace Commercial Camper]]
* 1976 [[Daihatsu Taft]] (F20)
* [[Delta Mini Cruiser]]/Explorer
=== 16R ===
The OHC 1.8 L (1,808 cc) '''16R''' was produced from 1974 through 1980. Power output as mounted in a 1980 [[Toyota Mark II|Mark II]] was {{convert|105|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm, while a twin carburetted version produced {{convert|110|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Automobil Revue '80 | editor1-last = Braunschweig | editor1-first = Robert | editor2-last = Büschi | editor2-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag, AG | page = 504 | location = Berne, Switzerland | volume = 75 | date = March 6, 1980 }}</ref> The '''16R-B''' was produced for the first two years. There was also a '''16R-J''' version for various commercial vehicle applications.
Applications:
* Oct 1975–Feb 1977 [[Toyota Carina#A10|Toyota Carina]] RA10/16
*[[Toyota Mark II|Toyota Mark II Van]] RX37V (16R-J), {{convert|95|PS|kW|abbr=on}}<ref>{{citation | title = New Mark II Van | language = Japanese | publisher = Toyota Motor Co. | work = Brochure |date=December 1976 | page = 16 | url = http://toyota.vo.llnwd.net/o29/toyota/digitalcatalog/60013056A/pageview.html#page_num=16 | accessdate = 2013-01-15 }}</ref>
*[[Toyota Corona]] RT130/137
*[[Toyota HiAce]] RH12/14/17/41 (16R-J)
{{anchor|18R}}
{{anchor|18R-C}}
{{anchor|18R-U}}
{{anchor|18R-E}}
=== 18R ===
The '''18R''' series shared a 2.0 L (1,968 cc) block; cylinder bore was 88.5 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in).
The 2 valve, SOHC versions were as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 18R<ref name=retro18R>{{cite book |url=http://www.retrojdm.com/LiteratureViewPage.asp?LiteratureID=2&DPI=150&Filename=29,30%20-%206%20Types%20of%20Engine,%203%20Types%20of%20Transmission.jpg |title=Celica brochure |year=1973 |publisher=Toyota Japan}}</ref>
| 78 (105)
| 142–145 (105–107)
| 1971–1981
|
|-
| 18R-C
| 72 (97) at 5500 rpm
| 143–145 (106–107) at 3,600 rpm
| 1971–1981
| emissions control - worldwide (Californian Standards)
|-
| 18R-U
| 75 (100) at 5,500 rpm
| 152 (112) at 3,600 rpm
| 1975–1978
| emissions control - Japan
|-
| 18R-E
| 84 (113) at 5,600 rpm
| 172 (127) at 4,400 rpm
| 1974–1975
| EFI, Japan only
|}
Applications:
* 18R/18R-C/18R-U/18R-E
** 1972 [[Toyota Corona]] ''2000''
** 1972 [[Toyota Corona]] ''2000 MK. II''
** 1972 [[Toyota Celica]] ''2000''
** 197X [[Toyota Cressida]] ''2000''/''Gen1''
* 18R-C
** 1972-1974 [[Toyota Hilux]], 108 hp (80.5 kW)
** 1974-1981 [[Toyota Celica]] ''2000''
{{anchor|18R-G}}
{{anchor|18R-GR}}
{{anchor|18R-GU}}
{{anchor|18R-GE}}
{{anchor|18R-GEU}}
==== 18R-G ====
[[File:18R-GUengine.jpg|thumb|18R-G on an engine stand]]
The 8-valve [[DOHC]] '''18R-G''' and its variations were produced from 1973 to 1982, replacing the [[#8R-G|8R-G]] and providing a performance engine which took advantage of the entire 2-litre limit of Japan's "[[Vehicle size class#Japan|small car]]" class.<ref name="TC27"/> While most 18R-Gs had a head designed and made by [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]], a very few had Toyota heads.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} Yamaha's tuning-fork logo can be seen on the Yamaha heads. Except for the head and related timing components, most parts were shared or interchangeable with the SOHC 18R. Combustion chambers were hemispheric.
[[File:18rg.jpg|thumb|18R-G in an engine bay]]
In 1975, air injection was added to the Japan-market '''18R-GR''' for improved emissions. This used Solex carburettors.<ref name="TC27"/> A [[fuel injected]] and catalyzed Japan-market version, the '''18R-GEU''', was produced from 1978 through 1982. There was also a catalyzed carburetted version, the '''18R-GU'''.
Competition versions of the 18R-G and -GE include those used in rally Celicas of the period, one of which finished second in the 1977 [[RAC Rally]]. These had four-valve heads and were called '''152E''', they were of 89 x 80 mm bore and stroke and 1,995 or 1,998 cc (depending on the source).<ref name=TC1>[http://www.3sgte.com/page_27.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 25</ref> The Group 4 rally version of the 152E had two twin-choke carburettors, and developed {{convert|240|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9,000 rpm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i58.photobucket.com/albums/g250/71TA22/Stuff/RA40Rally-1.jpg |title=Toyota RA40 Celica, Modified 18R engine |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref> Higher tuned engines developed as much as {{convert|300|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9,200 rpm. German racing team [[Schnitzer Motorsport|Schnitzer]] also developed a [[Toyota Celica LB Turbo|turbocharged silhouette racing version]] of the Celica,<ref name="TC1"/> to take on the [[Porsche 935]]. With a KKK <!-- a defunct German automotive parts company, not the Ku Klux Klan --> turbocharger, the Group 5 Celica developed {{convert|560|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} but reliability was less than satisfactory.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bigger Than Life: The Schnitzer Celica | url = http://speedhunters.com/archive/2009/02/19/retrospective-gt-gt-bigger-than-life-the-schnitzer-celica-turbo.aspx | author = Chong, Rod | publisher = Speedhunters.com | date = 2009-02-19 | accessdate = 2011-01-31 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Code
! colspan=3 | Power
! colspan=4 | Torque
! rowspan=2 | Years
! colspan=2 | Weight
! rowspan=2 | Comments
|-
! PS
! kW
! at rpm
! kg·m
! N·m
! lb·ft
! at rpm
! kg
! lb
|-
| 18R-G<ref name="twincams"/><ref name=retro18R/>
| {{convert|145|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 6,400
| {{convert|18.0|kgm|Nm lbft|0|disp=table}}
| 5,200
| 1972–1981
| {{convert|170|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
|
|-
| 18R-GR<ref name="twincams"/>
| {{convert|140|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 6,400
| {{convert|17.2|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1973–1975
|
|
| low compression for regular fuel
|-
| 18R-GU<ref name="twincams"/>
| {{convert|130|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 5,800
| {{convert|16.5|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1975–1978
| {{convert|182|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
| emissions control - Japan.
|-
| 18R-GEU<ref>[http://www.3sgte.com/page_9.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 7</ref>
| {{convert|135|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 5,800
| {{convert|17.5|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1978–1982
| {{convert|166|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
| EFI, emissions control (Japan).
|}
Applications:
* 1973-1981 [[Toyota Celica]] GT 2000
* 1982-1983 [[Toyota Celica]] GT 2000 (RA63)
* 1974-1983 [[Toyota Carina]] GT 2000
* 1978-1983 [[Toyota Camry|Toyota Celica Camry]] GT 2000
* 1973-1982 [[Toyota Corona]] GT 2000
===19R===
The 2-valve [[SOHC]] 2.0 L (1,968 cc) '''19R''' was produced from 1974 through 1977. Cylinder bore was {{convert|88.5|mm|1|abbr=on}} and stroke was {{convert|80.0|mm|1|abbr=on}}. Its dimensions are the same as of the 18R, but it featured [[Toyota TTC|TTC-V]], Toyota's licensed version of Honda's [[CVCC]] [[Stratified charge engine|stratified charge]] combustion system. Output is {{convert|80|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The 19R was a short-lived experiment by Toyota, and was only offered in Japanese market cars.
Applications:
* 1974-1977 [[Toyota Carina|Carina RA13/RA31]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Toyota Carina A12 | url = http://www.toyotaoldies.de/gala12.html | first = Alexander | last = Hajek | work = [http://www.toyotaoldies.de/ Toyota Oldies] | accessdate = 2012-10-03 }}</ref><ref name=Catvol23>{{cite journal | ref = JAMA23 | journal = 自動車ガイドブック [Automobile Guide Book] | language = Japanese | volume = 23 | year = 1976/1977 | date = 1976-10-20 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | location = Japan | page = 99 | id = 0053-760023-3400 }}</ref>
* 1974-1977 [[Toyota Corona#T100|Corona RT103/RT123]]
===20R===
The two-valve [[SOHC]] 2.2 L (2189 cc) '''20R''' was produced from 1975 through 1980. Cylinder bore was 88.4 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in). Aluminum alloy heads were used.
Initial output was 96 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm (90 hp in [[California]]) and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 2,800 rpm. Power was down slightly from 1978 through 1979 at 95 hp (71 kW) at 4800 rpm and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm. The final version, from 1979 through 1980, was down again at 90 hp (67 kW) at 4800 rpm (still at 95 hp in Canada) and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm.
Applications:
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Celica]] (U.S. Version)
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Corona]] (U.S. Version)
* [[Toyota Stout#RK110|Toyota Stout]] (RK110/111)
* [[Toyota Coaster]] (RB11)<ref name=Catvol25>{{cite journal | ref = JAMA25 | journal = 自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book] | language = Japanese | volume = 25 | year = 1978/1979 | date = 1978-10-10 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | location = Japan | page = 295 | id = 0053-780025-3400 }}</ref>
===21R===
The 2-valve [[SOHC]] 2.0 L (1,972 cc) '''21R''' was produced from 1978 through 1987.<br /> Cylinder bore was 84 mm (3.31 in) and stroke was 89 mm (3.5 in).
Output in 1978, constrained by emissions, was 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 116 lb·ft (157 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Air injection and emissions equipment for the '''21R-C''' (1982–1985) dropped power down to 90 hp (67 kW) at 5,000 rpm. The air-injected Japanese version, the '''21R-U''', produced 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 3,600 rpm but dropped to 101 hp (75 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 114 lb·ft (154 N·m) at 4,000 rpm in 1986.
Applications:
* 1978-1982 [[Toyota Carina#A40|Toyota Carina]] RA46-A, RA56-A
* 1978-1981 [[Toyota Celica#A40|Toyota Celica]] RA46-B
* 1981-1983 [[Toyota Celica#A60|Toyota Celica]] RA60-B
* 1978-1983 [[Toyota Corona#T133|Toyota Corona]] RT133
* 1978-1981 [[Toyota Cressida#X40|Toyota Cressida/Chaser]] RX40, RX41, RX60
* 1979-198? [[Toyota HiAce]] Wagon RH23G
===22R===<!-- This section is linked from [[Toyota Celica]] -->
The 8-valve [[SOHC]] 2.4 L (2,366 cc) '''22R''' was produced from 1981 through 1997. <br />
Cylinder bore was 91.9 mm (3.62 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in).
Initial output was 97 hp (72 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 129 lb·ft (174 N·m) at 2,800 rpm. <br />
By 1990 the 22R was producing 108 hp (81 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 138 lb·ft (187 N·m) at 3,400 rpm.
[[File:1989ToyotaHiluxSURF4x4-engine.jpg|thumb|22R-E engine fitted in a 1989 [[Toyota Hilux Surf|Hilux Surf]]]]
The first [[fuel injected]] '''22R-E''' engines appeared in August 1982. <br />
Output of these engines is commonly rated at 105 hp (78 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 137 lb·ft (185 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
In 1985, the engine was significantly reworked, output was up to 114 hp (84 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 140 lb·ft (190 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Many parts from the newer '''22R-E''' are not compatible with those from the older pre-1985 engine. Non-compatible parts include the cylinder head, block, pistons and many of the associated parts such as the timing chain and cover, and water and oil pumps (although the oil pump internals are the same).
These changes also affected the 22R, therefore one can consider the 85-95 22R-E as a fuel injected version of the 85-90 22R with only minor differences, if any.
Toyota swapped the dual-row timing chain used in older engines for a single-row chain with plastic guides in 1983. This system reduced drag on the engine, but is occasionally problematic. Every 80,000 to 140,000 miles, the chain will sometimes stretch to the point that the hydraulic-operated chain tensioner cannot take up any more slack. When this happens, the timing chain impacts the solid-plastic driver's side chain guide, breaking it within a few hundred miles of driving and creating a noticeable chattering sound in the front of the engine, especially when cold. If the engine continues to be operated after the guide breaks, the chain will stretch rapidly (an unfortunate characteristic of single row chains).
The loose chain will cause inaccurate ignition timing, which usually results in noticeably rough running. In continued operation, the chain can jump a tooth on the drive sprocket or break entirely, with either case resulting in engine damage from valve/piston collisions. Also, the stretched chain will slap against the side of the timing cover, due to the broken guide, wear through the cover and into the coolant passage behind the water pump. This will cause coolant to drain into the crankcase/oil pan, possibly causing damage to internal engine components such as bearings, crankshaft and valve train, as well as damage caused by overheating due to the lack of coolant (since it has drained into the engine oil). The condition can also render a misdiagnosis of a head gasket failure when, in fact, the head gasket may still be good. The best fix is to buy an aftermarket timing-chain kit (with steel-backed guides) and a new timing cover; 'patching' the hole in a worn timing cover is strongly discouraged.
The [[turbocharged]] '''22R-TE''' (sold from late 1985 through 1988) produced 135 hp (101 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 173 lb·ft (234 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
These engines are extremely well known for their durability, decent fuel efficiency and good low to mid range torque.
However, its weakness is high-end power. The '''22R''' has a large displacement and a strong block, but its comparatively long stroke and restrictive head limit its use in high revving applications. Thus, the Toyota [[Toyota R engine#18R-G|18R-G]], [[Toyota T engine#2T-G|2T-G]], [[Toyota 4A-GE|4A-GE]] and [[Toyota S engine#3S-GE|3S-GE]] 4-cylinder engines are better suited for performance applications.
A popular modification to the 22R is to use a 20R head. This head has smaller combustion chambers, giving a higher compression ratio, which then allows more power to be developed. The 20R head also flows better than the 22R head, which improves high RPM power. The 20R head is a simple bolt-on modification for the pre-1985 block, but also requires the use of the 20R intake manifold, making it impossible to use with the 22RE EFI system.<ref name="toysport">{{cite web|url=http://www.toysport.com/technical%20information/22r_tech_notes.htm|title=Toysport - 22R Tech Notes|accessdate=2009-10-07|year=2000}}</ref> For blocks 1985 and onwards, further modifications are required.<ref name="lcengineering20r22r">{{cite web|url=http://www.lcengineering.com/LCTechPages/techpages/eng17.html|title=LC Engineering - Using a 20R Head on an 85-95 22RE Block|accessdate=2009-10-07|year=2004}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 22R
| 72 (97) at 4,800 rpm
| 174 (129) & 2,800 rpm
| 1981–1990
| carb, dual row timing chain ('81-'82)
carb, single row timing chain ('83-'90)
|-
| 22R
| 81 (108) at 5,000 rpm
| 187 (138) & 3,400 rpm
| 1990–1995
|
|-
| 22R-E
| 78 (105) at 4,800 rpm
| 185 (137) & 2,800 rpm
| 1983–1984
| EFI, single row timing chain
|-
| 22R-E
| 84 (114) at 4,800 rpm
| 190 (140) & 3,600 rpm
| 1985–1997
| EFI, single row timing chain
|-
| 22R-TE
| 101 (135) at 4,800 rpm
| 234 (173) & 2,800 rpm
| 1986–1988
| turbocharged, single row timing chain
|}
Applications:
* 22R
** 1981 [[Toyota Corona]]
** 1981-1988 [[Toyota Hilux]]
** 1981-1984 [[Toyota Celica]]
** 1991 [[Toyota Cressida]]
** 1981-1995 [[Toyota Pickup]]
** 1984 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
* 22R-E
** 1985-1995 [[Toyota Hilux]]
** 1983-1985 [[Toyota Celica]]
** 1983-1987 [[Toyota Corona#T140|Toyota Corona]] RT142
** 1984-1995 [[Toyota Pickup]]
** 1985-1995 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
** 1989-1997 [[Volkswagen Taro]]
* 22R-TE
** late 1985-1988 [[Toyota Hilux]], 135 hp (101 kW)
** 1986-1987 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
{{commons category|Toyota R engines}}
* [[List of Toyota engines]]
* [http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/22r_tech_notes.htm 22R Tech Notes] (Toysport)
* [http://www.toyoland.com/engines/20R.html Toyota 20R engines: details and photos] (Toyoland)
[[Category:Toyota engines|R]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '[[File:18rg 1974 toyota corona torc 2014.jpg|thumb|1974 Toyota 18R-G engine.]]
The '''[[Toyota]] R family''' was a series of [[Inline-four engine|straight-four]] [[gasoline]] engines. Designed for [[Longitudinal engine|longitudinal]] use in such vehicles as the [[Toyota Celica|Celica]] and [[Toyota Hilux|Hilux]] and in production from 1953 through 1997, use faded out as many of Toyota's mainstream models moved to front-wheel drive. [[OHC]] versions featured a chain-driven [[camshaft]], mitigating the danger of internal damage from interference as in belt-driven engines.
==History of the R family==
===R===
[[File:1953 Toyota R Type engine.jpg|thumb|1953 Toyota R engine.]]
The 1.5 L (1,453 cc) '''R''' family was produced from 1953 through 1964, and was originally manufactured at the [[Toyota Honsha plant]].
Bore was 77 mm (3.03 in) and stroke was 78 mm (3.07 in).<ref name="RT20parts">Corona 1500 Parts Catalog, No.53282-67</ref> In common with new engines of the time, it was made from cast iron (both the block and the head), water cooled, used a three bearing crank, 12V electrics and a side mounted gear-driven camshaft controlling [[overhead valve]]s via pushrods in a [[Reverse-flow cylinder head|non-cross flow]] head (exhaust and inlet manifolds being on the same side of the engine).<ref name="RT20parts"/> Induction was by a twin throat down-draft carburettor, the compression ratio was 8.0:1 and the total weight was 155 kg.<ref name="RT20parts"/> An [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''R-LPG''', was produced for the last two years.
The R engine was the Toyota engine used in the 1958 [[Toyota Crown]], the first model to be exported to the United States. ''[[Road & Track]]'' was unimpressed with the engine on its introduction, noting that it idled quietly but was "not capable of very high revolutions per minute."
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| R
| 45 (60) at 4,400 rpm
| 108 (79.5) at 2,600 rpm
| 1953–1964
|
|-
| R-LPG
|
|
| 1962–1964
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1953-1955 [[Toyota Super]]
* 1955-1956 [[Toyota Master]]
* 1955-1958 [[Toyota Crown]]
===2R===
The 1.5 L (1,490 cc) '''2R''' family was produced from 1964 through 1971. It is a square engine, with bore and stroke of 78 millimetres.
Again, an [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''2R-LPG''', was produced alongside the gasoline version. Production had been gradually transferred from the original Honsha plant to the new [[Toyota Kamigo plant]] in 1968.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 2R
| 55 (74) at 5,000 rpm
| 116 (85) at 2,600 rpm
| 1964–1969
|
|-
| 2R-LPG
|
|
| 1964–1969
| LPG
|}
Applications:<ref name="Riken71">{{citation | title = Piston Ring Sets Price List | url = http://grot66.ru/RIKEN+PISTON+RING+SIZE+LIST+18.pdf | page = 71 | volume = 18 | publisher = Riken Corporation |date=November 2008 | location = Tokyo, Japan }}</ref>
* 1964-Jan 1970 [[Toyota Corona]] RT40/RT46V/RT50/RT56
* Feb 1970-Jan 1971 [[Toyota Corona]] RT80/90/86V
* 1968-1971 [[Toyota Mark II]]
* Toyota Bus RH15B
* 1965-1967 [[Toyota Stout]] RK43/RK47
* [[Toyota Toyoace]] PK41
* [[Toyota Hilux]] RN10
===3R===
The 1.9 L (1,897 cc) '''3R''' family was produced from 1959 through 1968.
When introduced it had a 7.7:1 compression ratio. In 1960 the 3R was uprated to 8:1 and the '''3R-B''' version was offered from 1960 through 1968 with the old 7.7:1 compression ratio. The '''3R-C''' was introduced to comply with Californian emissions laws. The '''3R-LPG''' variant was made for the last five years.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (PS)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 3R
| 59 (80) at 4,600 rpm
| 142 (105) at 2,600 rpm
| 1959–1960
| 7.7 CR
|-
| 3R
| 66 (90) at 5,000 rpm
| 142 (105) at 3,400 rpm
| 1960–1968
| 8.0 CR
|-
| 3R-B
| 59 (80) at 4,600 rpm
| 142 (105) at 2,600 rpm
| 1960–1968
| 7.7 CR
|-
| 3R-C
|
|
|
| emissions control - California
|-
| 3R-LPG
|
|
| 1963–1968
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1963–1968 [[Toyota Dyna]]
* 1964–1967 [[Toyota Stout]], originally 85 PS (63 kW)
* 1969–? [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1967–1969 [[Toyota Corona]] (US)
* 1959–1967 [[Toyota Crown]]
* 1959–? [[Toyota Masterline]]
===4R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''4R''' family was produced from 1965 through 1968.
Bore was 80.5 mm and stroke was 78 mm.
Applications:
* 1967 [[Toyota Corona]] (Japan)
===5R===
The 2.0 L (1,994 cc) '''5R''' family was produced from 1968 through 1986.<br />
An [[Autogas|LPG]] version, the '''5R-LPG''', was produced from 1968 through 1983.
It was a 2-valve [[Overhead valve|OHV]] engine. Cylinder bore was 88 mm (3.46 in) and stroke was 82 mm (3.23 in). <br />
Output was 106 hp (79 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 125 lb·ft (169 N·m) at 3,000 rpm.
Applications:
*[[Toyota Crown]]: third through sixth generation (RS50, RS60/66, RS80/RS100, and RS110). Only with LPG for taxi use in the last two generations.
*[[Toyota Dyna]] RU10
*[[Toyota Stout]] RK101
*[[Toyota Toyoace]] RY20
*Aug 1981-? [[Toyota Corona]] sixth generation (RT131), only LPG with automatic transmission.
===6R===
The 1.7 L (1,707 cc) '''6R''' was produced from 1969 through 1974. Output is 107 hp at 5,300 rpm. The '''6R-B''' was produced those same years, while the natural gas powered '''6R-LPG''' was produced from 1970 through 1973.
;Applications:
* Sep 1970-Jul 1973 [[Toyota Corona#T80|Toyota Corona]] RT84/94
* Jan 1972-Aug 1973 [[Toyota Mark II#X10|Toyota Mark II]] RX16V - {{convert|95|PS|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=toycomm>{{citation | ref = love | script-title=ja:愛される車づくり。トヨタはあすにいどみます。| trans_title = Lovable car manufacture. Toyota dares to defy tomorrow. | language = Japanese | year = 1972 | type = catalog | publisher = Toyota Motor Co. | page = 1 }}</ref>
===7R===
The 1.6 L (1591 cc) '''7R''' was produced from 1968 through 1971 with a twin throat down-draft carburettor.<ref name="RT41parts">Toyota Corona Deluxe, Parts Catalog, No.53212-68</ref><br />
The '''7R-B''' was produced from 1968 through 1969 with dual [[SU carburetor|SU carburettors]] and higher compression.<br />
The '''7R-LPG''' was produced from 1969 through 1970.
The 7R was similar in displacement and technology to the 4R except the wider 86 mm bore and shorter 68.5 mm stroke of the 7R gave different power characteristics.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Compression
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 7R<ref name="RT41parts"/>
| 63 (85) at 5,500 rpm
| 123 (90) at 3,800 rpm
| 8.5
| 1968–1971
|
|-
| 7R-B<ref name="RT41parts"/>
| 75 (100) at 6,200 rpm
| 133 (98) at 4,200 rpm
| 9.5
| 1968–1969
| Dual SU carburettors
|-
| 7R-LPG
|
|
|
| 1969–1971
| LPG
|}
Applications:
* 1968-1970 [[Toyota Corona]] (RT41 sedan, RT53 hardtop, RT54 hardtop)
* 1970 [[Toyota Corona]] (RT82 sedan)
* 1968-1970 [[Toyota Mark II#T70|Toyota Corona Mark II]] (RT6x)
* 1968-1971 [[Toyota Mark II#T70|Toyota Corona Mark II Wagon]] (RT76D)<ref>{{citation | title = Wagon: Corona Mark II Wagon | language = Japanese | publisher = Toyota | type = sales sheet }}</ref>
{{anchor|8R-G}}
===8R===
The 1.9 L (1,858 cc) '''8R''' The engine was produced from 1968 through 1973.<br />
Cylinder bore was 85.9 mm (3.38 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in) with a five bearing crank.<br />
It was also available as the '''8R-D''', dual SU '''8R-B''', [[Electronic fuel injection|EFI]] '''8R-E''', Californian-spec '''8R-C''' and [[DOHC]] '''8R-G'''.
It was a major departure for the R family. With a 2-valve [[SOHC]] head, it impressed contemporary reviewers - ''[[Road & Track]]'' praised its quietness and free-revving nature.
The Toyota upped the ante again with the [[DOHC]] (but still 2-valve) '''8R-G''', produced from 1969 through 1972. From 1969 to Feb 1971 it was known as the '''10R''', but along with a removal of the tensioner gear in the interest of quieter operation, it was renamed the 8R-G to reflect the decision that twin-cam engines were henceforth to be identified by a "-G" suffix.<ref name="TC27">{{citation | title = All About the Toyota Twin Cam, 2nd ed. | url = http://www.3sgte.com/page_29.htm | page = 27 | publisher = Toyota Motor Company | year = 1984 | location = Tokyo, Japan }}</ref> 4,931 twin cam engines were built, all installed in the [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] (RT72) 1900 GSS. The 10R/8R-G weighed in at 170 kg and as such was both lighter and more compact than its less powerful predecessor the '''[[#9R|9R]]'''<ref name="twincams">[http://www.3sgte.com/page_8.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 6</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Compression
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 8R
| 81 (108) at 5,500 rpm
| 153 (113) at 3,800 rpm
| 9.0
| 1968–1972
|
|-
| 8R-B
| 82 (110) at 6,000 rpm
| 152 (112) at 4,000 rpm
| 10.0
| 1969–1971
| Dual [[SU carburetor|SU carburettors]]
|-
| 8R-D
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 8R-E
|
|
|
|
| EFI
|-
| 8R-C
| 81 (108) at 5,500 rpm
| 174 (128) at 3,600 rpm
| 9.0
|
| Californian emissions controls
|-
| 8R-G
| 104 (140) at 6,400 rpm
| 166 (123) at 5,200 rpm
|
| 1969–1972
| DOHC, dual side-draft carburettors
|}
Applications:
* 1970–1971 [[Toyota Hilux]], 97 HP (72 kW)
* 1971–1973 [[Toyota Corona]] 1900 hardtop
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT72 Corona Mark II 1900 hardtop GSS (8R-G)
===9R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''9R''' was produced from 1967 through 1968. Bore 80.5 x 78mm stroke
It was essentially a 4R with a [[DOHC]] head designed by Yamaha. The cam lobes activated the valves directly via a bucket over shim arrangement. This same arrangement was used on the 2M, 8R-G, 10R, 18R-G, 2T-G, 4A-GE and 3T-GTE engines (all designed by Yamaha).
Output was 110 hp (82 kW) at 6,200 rpm and 101 lb·ft (136 N·m) at 5,000 rpm. It was a 2-valve [[DOHC]] design with two [[Solex]] carburettors and weighed 174 kg. A total of 2,229 9R engines were built.<ref name="twincams"/>
Applications:
* [[Toyota Corona]] RT55 Corona 1600 GT hardtop
===10R===
The twin cam 1.9 L (1,858 cc) '''10R''' was produced from 1967 through Feb 1971, when it was renamed the [[#8R-G|8R-G]]. The later 8R-G version did not receive a timing chain tensioner in an effort to make it more silent.<ref name="TC27"/>
Output was 140 hp (104 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 123 lb·ft (166 N·m) at 5,200 rpm.
Applications:
* [[Toyota Corona Mark II]] RT75 Corona Mark II GSS
===12R===
The 1.6 L (1587 cc) '''12R''' was produced from 1969 through 1988. It was also built in the Philippines as the '''12R-M''',<ref name="VIM">{{Cite journal | title = Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual | publisher = Toyota Motor Sale Co., Ltd. - Export Parts Department | year = 1984 | id = 97913-84 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> by Toyota's local affiliate [[Delta Motors Corporation]].<br />
Technical Specs (Finnish Owner's Manual from 1973 Corona Mark 1)<br />
- Four cylinder, 4-stroke, OHV <br />
- Bore & stroke: 80.5 × 78.0mm <br />
- Compression ratio: 8,5:1 <br />
- Maximum power: 90 PS/5400rpm SAE
The '''12R-LPG''', was produced from 1969 through 1983.<br />
Technical Specs : 1975 59KW 80HP redline 4,400 rpm
Applications:
* 1971-1978 [[Toyota Corona]]
* 1971-1972 [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1977 [[Toyota Hiace]]
* 1975 [[Toyota Hiace Commercial Camper]]
* 1976 [[Daihatsu Taft]] (F20)
* [[Delta Mini Cruiser]]/Explorer
=== 16R ===
The OHC 1.8 L (1,808 cc) '''16R''' was produced from 1974 through 1980. Power output as mounted in a 1980 [[Toyota Mark II|Mark II]] was {{convert|105|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 5,600 rpm, while a twin carburetted version produced {{convert|110|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Automobil Revue '80 | editor1-last = Braunschweig | editor1-first = Robert | editor2-last = Büschi | editor2-first = Hans-Ulrich | publisher = Hallwag, AG | page = 504 | location = Berne, Switzerland | volume = 75 | date = March 6, 1980 }}</ref> The '''16R-B''' was produced for the first two years. There was also a '''16R-J''' version for various commercial vehicle applications.
Applications:
* Oct 1975–Feb 1977 [[Toyota Carina#A10|Toyota Carina]] RA10/16
*[[Toyota Mark II|Toyota Mark II Van]] RX37V (16R-J), {{convert|95|PS|kW|abbr=on}}<ref>{{citation | title = New Mark II Van | language = Japanese | publisher = Toyota Motor Co. | work = Brochure |date=December 1976 | page = 16 | url = http://toyota.vo.llnwd.net/o29/toyota/digitalcatalog/60013056A/pageview.html#page_num=16 | accessdate = 2013-01-15 }}</ref>
*[[Toyota Corona]] RT130/137
*[[Toyota HiAce]] RH12/14/17/41 (16R-J)
{{anchor|18R}}
{{anchor|18R-C}}
{{anchor|18R-U}}
{{anchor|18R-E}}
=== 18R ===
The '''18R''' series shared a 2.0 L (1,968 cc) block; cylinder bore was 88.5 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 80 mm (3.15 in).
The 2 valve, SOHC versions were as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 18R<ref name=retro18R>{{cite book |url=http://www.retrojdm.com/LiteratureViewPage.asp?LiteratureID=2&DPI=150&Filename=29,30%20-%206%20Types%20of%20Engine,%203%20Types%20of%20Transmission.jpg |title=Celica brochure |year=1973 |publisher=Toyota Japan}}</ref>
| 78 (105)
| 142–145 (105–107)
| 1971–1981
|
|-
| 18R-C
| 72 (97) at 5500 rpm
| 143–145 (106–107) at 3,600 rpm
| 1971–1981
| emissions control - worldwide (Californian Standards)
|-
| 18R-U
| 75 (100) at 5,500 rpm
| 152 (112) at 3,600 rpm
| 1975–1978
| emissions control - Japan
|-
| 18R-E
| 84 (113) at 5,600 rpm
| 172 (127) at 4,400 rpm
| 1974–1975
| EFI, Japan only
|}
Applications:
* 18R/18R-C/18R-U/18R-E
** 1972 [[Toyota Corona]] ''2000''
** 1972 [[Toyota Corona]] ''2000 MK. II''
** 1972 [[Toyota Celica]] ''2000''
** 197X [[Toyota Cressida]] ''2000''/''Gen1''
* 18R-C
** 1972-1974 [[Toyota Hilux]], 108 hp (80.5 kW)
** 1974-1981 [[Toyota Celica]] ''2000''
{{anchor|18R-G}}
{{anchor|18R-GR}}
{{anchor|18R-GU}}
{{anchor|18R-GE}}
{{anchor|18R-GEU}}
==== 18R-G ====
[[File:18R-GUengine.jpg|thumb|18R-G on an engine stand]]
The 8-valve [[DOHC]] '''18R-G''' and its variations were produced from 1973 to 1982, replacing the [[#8R-G|8R-G]] and providing a performance engine which took advantage of the entire 2-litre limit of Japan's "[[Vehicle size class#Japan|small car]]" class.<ref name="TC27"/> While most 18R-Gs had a head designed and made by [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]], a very few had Toyota heads.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} Yamaha's tuning-fork logo can be seen on the Yamaha heads. Except for the head and related timing components, most parts were shared or interchangeable with the SOHC 18R. Combustion chambers were hemispheric.
[[File:18rg.jpg|thumb|18R-G in an engine bay]]
In 1975, air injection was added to the Japan-market '''18R-GR''' for improved emissions. This used Solex carburettors.<ref name="TC27"/> A [[fuel injected]] and catalyzed Japan-market version, the '''18R-GEU''', was produced from 1978 through 1982. There was also a catalyzed carburetted version, the '''18R-GU'''.
Competition versions of the 18R-G and -GE include those used in rally Celicas of the period, one of which finished second in the 1977 [[RAC Rally]]. These had four-valve heads and were called '''152E''', they were of 89 x 80 mm bore and stroke and 1,995 or 1,998 cc (depending on the source).<ref name=TC1>[http://www.3sgte.com/page_27.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 25</ref> The Group 4 rally version of the 152E had two twin-choke carburettors, and developed {{convert|240|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9,000 rpm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://i58.photobucket.com/albums/g250/71TA22/Stuff/RA40Rally-1.jpg |title=Toyota RA40 Celica, Modified 18R engine |date= |accessdate=2011-11-08}}</ref> Higher tuned engines developed as much as {{convert|300|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 9,200 rpm. German racing team [[Schnitzer Motorsport|Schnitzer]] also developed a [[Toyota Celica LB Turbo|turbocharged silhouette racing version]] of the Celica,<ref name="TC1"/> to take on the [[Porsche 935]]. With a KKK <!-- a defunct German automotive parts company, not the Ku Klux Klan --> turbocharger, the Group 5 Celica developed {{convert|560|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} but reliability was less than satisfactory.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bigger Than Life: The Schnitzer Celica | url = http://speedhunters.com/archive/2009/02/19/retrospective-gt-gt-bigger-than-life-the-schnitzer-celica-turbo.aspx | author = Chong, Rod | publisher = Speedhunters.com | date = 2009-02-19 | accessdate = 2011-01-31 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Code
! colspan=3 | Power
! colspan=4 | Torque
! rowspan=2 | Years
! colspan=2 | Weight
! rowspan=2 | Comments
|-
! PS
! kW
! at rpm
! kg·m
! N·m
! lb·ft
! at rpm
! kg
! lb
|-
| 18R-G<ref name="twincams"/><ref name=retro18R/>
| {{convert|145|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 6,400
| {{convert|18.0|kgm|Nm lbft|0|disp=table}}
| 5,200
| 1972–1981
| {{convert|170|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
|
|-
| 18R-GR<ref name="twincams"/>
| {{convert|140|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 6,400
| {{convert|17.2|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1973–1975
|
|
| low compression for regular fuel
|-
| 18R-GU<ref name="twincams"/>
| {{convert|130|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 5,800
| {{convert|16.5|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1975–1978
| {{convert|182|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
| emissions control - Japan.
|-
| 18R-GEU<ref>[http://www.3sgte.com/page_9.htm ''Toyota Twin Cam''], p. 7</ref>
| {{convert|135|PS|kW|0|disp=table}}
| 5,800
| {{convert|17.5|kgm|Nm lbft|disp=table}}
| 4,800
| 1978–1982
| {{convert|166|kg|lb|0|disp=table}}
| EFI, emissions control (Japan).
|}
Applications:
* 1973-1981 [[Toyota Celica]] GT 2000
* 1982-1983 [[Toyota Celica]] GT 2000 (RA63)
* 1974-1983 [[Toyota Carina]] GT 2000
* 1978-1983 [[Toyota Camry|Toyota Celica Camry]] GT 2000
* 1973-1982 [[Toyota Corona]] GT 2000
===19R===
The 2-valve [[SOHC]] 2.0 L (1,968 cc) '''19R''' was produced from 1974 through 1977. Cylinder bore was {{convert|88.5|mm|1|abbr=on}} and stroke was {{convert|80.0|mm|1|abbr=on}}. Its dimensions are the same as of the 18R, but it featured [[Toyota TTC|TTC-V]], Toyota's licensed version of Honda's [[CVCC]] [[Stratified charge engine|stratified charge]] combustion system. Output is {{convert|80|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The 19R was a short-lived experiment by Toyota, and was only offered in Japanese market cars.
Applications:
* 1974-1977 [[Toyota Carina|Carina RA13/RA31]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Toyota Carina A12 | url = http://www.toyotaoldies.de/gala12.html | first = Alexander | last = Hajek | work = [http://www.toyotaoldies.de/ Toyota Oldies] | accessdate = 2012-10-03 }}</ref><ref name=Catvol23>{{cite journal | ref = JAMA23 | journal = 自動車ガイドブック [Automobile Guide Book] | language = Japanese | volume = 23 | year = 1976/1977 | date = 1976-10-20 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | location = Japan | page = 99 | id = 0053-760023-3400 }}</ref>
* 1974-1977 [[Toyota Corona#T100|Corona RT103/RT123]]
===20R===
The two-valve [[SOHC]] 2.2 L (2189 cc) '''20R''' was produced from 1975 through 1980. Cylinder bore was 88.4 mm (3.48 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in). Aluminum alloy heads were used.
Initial output was 96 hp (72 kW) at 4800 rpm (90 hp in [[California]]) and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 2,800 rpm. Power was down slightly from 1978 through 1979 at 95 hp (71 kW) at 4800 rpm and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm. The final version, from 1979 through 1980, was down again at 90 hp (67 kW) at 4800 rpm (still at 95 hp in Canada) and 122 lb·ft (165 N·m) at 2400 rpm.
Applications:
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Hilux]]
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Celica]] (U.S. Version)
* 1975-1980 [[Toyota Corona]] (U.S. Version)
* [[Toyota Stout#RK110|Toyota Stout]] (RK110/111)
* [[Toyota Coaster]] (RB11)<ref name=Catvol25>{{cite journal | ref = JAMA25 | journal = 自動車ガイドブック [Japanese Motor Vehicles Guide Book] | language = Japanese | volume = 25 | year = 1978/1979 | date = 1978-10-10 | publisher = [[Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association]] | location = Japan | page = 295 | id = 0053-780025-3400 }}</ref>
===21R===
The 2-valve [[SOHC]] 2.0 L (1,972 cc) '''21R''' was produced from 1978 through 1987.<br /> Cylinder bore was 84 mm (3.31 in) and stroke was 89 mm (3.5 in).
Output in 1978, constrained by emissions, was 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 116 lb·ft (157 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Air injection and emissions equipment for the '''21R-C''' (1982–1985) dropped power down to 90 hp (67 kW) at 5,000 rpm. The air-injected Japanese version, the '''21R-U''', produced 105 hp (78 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 120 lb·ft (162 N·m) at 3,600 rpm but dropped to 101 hp (75 kW) at 5,400 rpm and 114 lb·ft (154 N·m) at 4,000 rpm in 1986.
Applications:
* 1978-1982 [[Toyota Carina#A40|Toyota Carina]] RA46-A, RA56-A
* 1978-1981 [[Toyota Celica#A40|Toyota Celica]] RA46-B
* 1981-1983 [[Toyota Celica#A60|Toyota Celica]] RA60-B
* 1978-1983 [[Toyota Corona#T133|Toyota Corona]] RT133
* 1978-1981 [[Toyota Cressida#X40|Toyota Cressida/Chaser]] RX40, RX41, RX60
* 1979-198? [[Toyota HiAce]] Wagon RH23G
===22R===<!-- This section is linked from [[Toyota Celica]] -->
The 8-valve [[SOHC]] 2.4 L (2,366 cc) '''22R''' was produced from 1981 through 1997. <br />
Cylinder bore was 91.9 mm (3.62 in) and stroke was 88.9 mm (3.5 in).
Initial output was 97 hp (72 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 129 lb·ft (174 N·m) at 2,800 rpm. <br />
By 1990 the 22R was producing 108 hp (81 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 138 lb·ft (187 N·m) at 3,400 rpm.
[[File:1989ToyotaHiluxSURF4x4-engine.jpg|thumb|22R-E engine fitted in a 1989 [[Toyota Hilux Surf|Hilux Surf]]]]
The first [[fuel injected]] '''22R-E''' engines appeared in August 1982. <br />
Output of these engines is commonly rated at 105 hp (78 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 137 lb·ft (185 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
In 1985, the engine was significantly reworked, output was up to 114 hp (84 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 140 lb·ft (190 N·m) at 3,600 rpm. Many parts from the newer '''22R-E''' are not compatible with those from the older pre-1985 engine. Non-compatible parts include the cylinder head, block, pistons and many of the associated parts such as the timing chain and cover, and water and oil pumps (although the oil pump internals are the same).
These changes also affected the 22R, therefore one can consider the 85-95 22R-E as a fuel injected version of the 85-90 22R with only minor differences, if any.
Toyota swapped the dual-row timing chain used in older engines for a single-row chain with plastic guides in 1983. This system reduced drag on the engine, but is occasionally problematic. Every 80,000 to 140,000 miles, the chain will sometimes stretch to the point that the hydraulic-operated chain tensioner cannot take up any more slack. When this happens, the timing chain impacts the solid-plastic driver's side chain guide, breaking it within a few hundred miles of driving and creating a noticeable chattering sound in the front of the engine, especially when cold. If the engine continues to be operated after the guide breaks, the chain will stretch rapidly (an unfortunate characteristic of single row chains).
The loose chain will cause inaccurate ignition timing, which usually results in noticeably rough running. In continued operation, the chain can jump a tooth on the drive sprocket or break entirely, with either case resulting in engine damage from valve/piston collisions. Also, the stretched chain will slap against the side of the timing cover, due to the broken guide, wear through the cover and into the coolant passage behind the water pump. This will cause coolant to drain into the crankcase/oil pan, possibly causing damage to internal engine components such as bearings, crankshaft and valve train, as well as damage caused by overheating due to the lack of coolant (since it has drained into the engine oil). The condition can also render a misdiagnosis of a head gasket failure when, in fact, the head gasket may still be good. The best fix is to buy an aftermarket timing-chain kit (with steel-backed guides) and a new timing cover; 'patching' the hole in a worn timing cover is strongly discouraged.
The [[turbocharged]] '''22R-TE''' (sold from late 1985 through 1988) produced 135 hp (101 kW) at 4,800 rpm and 173 lb·ft (234 N·m) at 2,800 rpm.
These engines are extremely well known for their durability, decent fuel efficiency and good low to mid range torque.
However, its weakness is high-end power. The '''22R''' has a large displacement and a strong block, but its comparatively long stroke and restrictive head limit its use in high revving applications. Thus, the Toyota [[Toyota R engine#18R-G|18R-G]], [[Toyota T engine#2T-G|2T-G]], [[Toyota 4A-GE|4A-GE]] and [[Toyota S engine#3S-GE|3S-GE]] 4-cylinder engines are better suited for performance applications.
A popular modification to the 22R is to use a 20R head. This head has smaller combustion chambers, giving a higher compression ratio, which then allows more power to be developed. The 20R head also flows better than the 22R head, which improves high RPM power. The 20R head is a simple bolt-on modification for the pre-1985 block, but also requires the use of the 20R intake manifold, making it impossible to use with the 22RE EFI system.<ref name="toysport">{{cite web|url=http://www.toysport.com/technical%20information/22r_tech_notes.htm|title=Toysport - 22R Tech Notes|accessdate=2009-10-07|year=2000}}</ref> For blocks 1985 and onwards, further modifications are required.<ref name="lcengineering20r22r">{{cite web|url=http://www.lcengineering.com/LCTechPages/techpages/eng17.html|title=LC Engineering - Using a 20R Head on an 85-95 22RE Block|accessdate=2009-10-07|year=2004}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Code
! Power kW (hp)
! Torque N·m (lb·ft)
! Years
! Comments
|-
| 22R
| 72 (97) at 4,800 rpm
| 174 (129) & 2,800 rpm
| 1981–1990
| carb, dual row timing chain ('81-'82)
carb, single row timing chain ('83-'90)
|-
| 22R
| 81 (108) at 5,000 rpm
| 187 (138) & 3,400 rpm
| 1990–1995
|
|-
| 22R-E
| 78 (105) at 4,800 rpm
| 185 (137) & 2,800 rpm
| 1983–1984
| EFI, single row timing chain
|-
| 22R-E
| 84 (114) at 4,800 rpm
| 190 (140) & 3,600 rpm
| 1985–1997
| EFI, single row timing chain
|-
| 22R-TE
| 101 (135) at 4,800 rpm
| 234 (173) & 2,800 rpm
| 1986–1988
| turbocharged, single row timing chain
|}
Applications:
* 22R
** 1981 [[Toyota Corona]]
** 1981-1988 [[Toyota Hilux]]
** 1981-1984 [[Toyota Celica]]
** 1991 [[Toyota Cressida]]
** 1981-1995 [[Toyota Pickup]]
** 1984 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
* 22R-E
** 1985-1995 [[Toyota Hilux]]
** 1983-1985 [[Toyota Celica]]
** 1983-1987 [[Toyota Corona#T140|Toyota Corona]] RT142
** 1984-1995 [[Toyota Pickup]]
** 1985-1995 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
** 1989-1997 [[Volkswagen Taro]]
* 22R-TE
** late 1985-1988 [[Toyota Hilux]], 135 hp (101 kW)
** 1986-1987 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
==me==
{{me}}
==See also==
{{commons category|Toyota R engines}}
* [[List of Toyota engines]]
* [http://www.toysport.com/Technical%20Information/22r_tech_notes.htm 22R Tech Notes] (Toysport)
* [http://www.toyoland.com/engines/20R.html Toyota 20R engines: details and photos] (Toyoland)
[[Category:Toyota engines|R]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -563,6 +563,6 @@
** 1986-1987 [[Toyota 4Runner]]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
+==me==
+{{me}}
==See also==
' |
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Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
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Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1440577340 |