Examine individual changes

'@@ -1,553 +1,98 @@ -{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2014}} -{{Infobox company -|name = Paramount Pictures Corporation -|logo = [[File:Paramount Pictures logo (2013).jpg|250px]] -|caption = Logo used as of 2011 -|type = [[Subsidiary]] of [[Viacom]] -|foundation = {{start date and age|1912}} (as [[Famous Players Film Company]]) <br />1914 -|founders = [[W. W. Hodkinson]]<br />[[Adolph Zukor]]<br />[[Jesse L. Lasky]] -|location_city = [[Hollywood, California]] -|location_country = <br />[[U.S]] -|locations = -|area_served = Worldwide -|key_people =[[Brad Grey]]<br /><small>(Chairman and CEO)</small><br />[[Rob Moore (executive)|Rob Moore]]<br /><small>(Vice Chairman) -|industry = Film -|products = Motion pictures -|services = -|revenue = {{increase}} $3.7 billion (2014) -|operating_income = {{increase}} $219 million (2014) -|net_income = -|aum = -|assets = -|equity = -|num_employees = -|parent = [[Famous Players-Lasky]] Corporation<br /><small>({{Start date -|1916}}–{{End date|1927}})</small><br />Independent<br /><small>({{Start date -|1927}}–{{End date|1966}})</small><br />[[Gulf and Western Industries|Gulf+Western]]<br /><small>({{Start date|1966}}–{{End date -|1989}})</small><br />[[Gulf and Western Industries#Paramount Communications Incorporated|Paramount Communications Inc.]]<br /><small>({{Start date|1989}}–{{End date|1995}})</small><br />[[Viacom (original)]] <small>({{Start date|1994}}–{{End date|2005}})</small><br />[[Viacom]] <small>({{Start date|2006}}–present)</small><ref group=note>During this period, two companies named Viacom have owned Paramount. The original owned the studio until 2006, when the new Viacom (spun off from the old one, which was renamed [[CBS Corporation]]) assumed ownership of Paramount.</ref> -|divisions = Current:'''<br>[[Paramount Home Media Distribution]]<br>[[Insurge Pictures]]<br>Paramount Famous Productions<br >[[Paramount Vantage]]<br>[[Paramount Animation]]<br>[[Paramount Television]]<br>[[MTV Films]]<br>[[Nickelodeon Movies]]<br>[[Comedy Central|Comedy Central Films]]<br>[[United International Pictures]] (50%)<br>'''Former:'''<br>Gulf and Western<br>[[Paramount Parks]]<br >[[Paramount Stations Group]] -|subsid =[[Republic Pictures|Melange Pictures, LLC]] -|homepage = {{URL|www.paramount.com}} -|footnotes = -|intl = }} +Paramount Pictures Corporation (commonly known as Paramount Pictures or simply Paramount, and formerly known as Famous Players-Lasky Corporation) is a film studio, television production company and motion picture distributor, consistently ranked as one of the "Big Six" film studios of Hollywood. It is a subsidiary of U.S. media conglomerate Viacom. Paramount is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).[1] It has distributed several successful film series, such as Transformers, Mission: Impossible, the Marvel Cinematic Universe series (2008–11), Indiana Jones (1981–2008), The Godfather, Star Trek, Jack Ryan, Jackass, The Bad News Bears, Beverly Hills Cop, "Crocodile" Dundee, Paranormal Activity, Friday the 13th and G.I. Joe. -'''Paramount Pictures Corporation''' (commonly known as '''Paramount Pictures''' or simply '''Paramount''', and formerly known as '''Famous Players-Lasky Corporation''') is a [[film studio]], [[Production company|television production company]] and [[Film distribution|motion picture distributor]], consistently ranked as one of the [[Major film studios|"Big Six" film studios]] of [[Hollywood]]. It is a subsidiary of U.S. [[media conglomerate]] [[Viacom]]. Paramount is a member of the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA).<ref>{{cite web |title=Motion Picture Association of America – About Us |url=http://www.mpaa.org/about |publisher=MPAA |accessdate=May 27, 2012}}</ref> It has distributed several successful film series, such as ''[[Transformers (film series)|Transformers]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible (film series)|Mission: Impossible]]'', the [[Marvel Cinematic Universe]] series (2008–11), ''[[Indiana Jones (franchise)|Indiana Jones]]'' (1981–2008), ''[[The Godfather (film series)|The Godfather]]'', ''[[Star Trek (film franchise)|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Jack Ryan (film series)|Jack Ryan]]'', ''[[Jackass (TV series)|Jackass]]'', ''[[The Bad News Bears]]'', ''[[Beverly Hills Cop (franchise)|Beverly Hills Cop]]'', ''[["Crocodile" Dundee]]'', ''[[Paranormal Activity (film series)|Paranormal Activity]]'', ''[[Friday the 13th (franchise)|Friday the 13th]]'' and ''[[G.I. Joe (film series)|G.I. Joe]]''. +In 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital-form only.[2] -In 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital-form only.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/01/19/paramount-all-digital-movie-distribution/ |title=Paramount now releases movies only in digital form |first=Jon|last=Fingas |date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> +Paramount Pictures, founded in 1912, is America's oldest running movie studio.[3] -Paramount is America's oldest surviving film studio, founded in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paramount.com/inside-studio/studio/careers |title=Join the Paramount Team! &#124; Paramount Pictures |publisher=Paramount.com |date= |accessdate=2015-08-07}}</ref> +== Paramount Pictures History == -== History == +=== Paramount Logo === -=== 1911–1920: Early history === -Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world after the French studios [[Gaumont Film Company]] (1895) and [[Pathé]] (1896), followed by the [[Nordisk Film]] company (1906), and [[Universal Studios]] (1912).<ref>Richard Abel, ''The Ciné Goes to Town: French Cinema, 1896–1914'', University of California Press, 1994, p. 10, ISBN 0-520-07936-1</ref><!-- never mentions Gaumont only LA studios <ref>{{cite web |title=The Big Five Movie Studios |url=http://www.ealmanac.com/1843/numbers/the-big-five-movies-studios}}</ref> --> It is the last [[major film studio]] still headquartered in the [[Hollywood]] district of [[Los Angeles]]. +The distinctively pyramidal Paramount mountain has been the company's logo since its inception and is the oldest surviving Hollywood film logo. In the sound era, the logo was accompanied by a fanfare called ''[[Paramount_Pictures#Paramount_Song|Why did you cough]]'' after i dont think of you started in august 31 2009 during the happy tree friends episode:let it slide, released in late 1976. The words to the fanfare, originally sung in september 21, 2010 at ms diaz's class in audubon park, in some movies a rhysail is added. -Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company. Hungarian-born founder, [[Adolph Zukor]], who had been an early investor in [[nickelodeon movie theatre|nickelodeons]], saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants.<ref name="TIMWU2010">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iM6sos2U554C&printsec=frontcover |title=The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires - Tim Wu - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-17}}</ref> With partners [[Daniel Frohman]] and [[Charles Frohman]] he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the middle class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time (leading to the slogan "Famous Players in Famous Plays"). By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success. +The motion picture logo has gone through many changes over the years: -That same year, another aspiring producer, [[Jesse L. Lasky]], opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, later known as [[Samuel Goldwyn]]. The Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, [[Cecil B. DeMille]], who would find a suitable location site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film, ''[[The Squaw Man (1914 film)|The Squaw Man]]''. +# It started out as famous players film company in 1914 and this logo was added on wikia by you when your ip address was blocked that time before all 3 of your ip addresses got blocked from editing +# in peter pan(1914) the logo was extremely little +# in the squaw man(1922) the logo was ultra little +# in leap year(1923) the logo was little +# in its the old army game(1924) the logo was medium +# in stage struck(1925) the logo was big +# in manslaughter(1926) the logo was ultra big +# in running wild(1927) the logo was extremely big +# in 1928 came a new logo and was only seen on IT(1928) +# in 1929 came a new logo when mommy was so very sick and you can't go to target and when they took of moose and z and that was the last silent movie +# In 1930 came a new logo and the why did you cough theme started out as was from MGM's [[Singing In The Rain]] and was first seen on [[Applause (1929 film)|Appluase{1929}]] +# in 1937 came a new logo from gullivers travels which had oca, is it a good idea to microwave this and breaking a thing and buying a new one +# in the milky way(1937) the logo has a cow. +# starting 1942 the mountain stays the same and is the wtf boom logo +# in the greatest show on earth(1951) the logo has stars in a circle +# in 1952 came a new logo which was used for color movies in the early 1950's +# in 1953 came a new logo which was either a paramount picture, a paramount release or paramount. the gulf+western text comes in 2 types and is the day z logo +# in 1975 came a new logo with the blue mountain with the print logo +# in 1986 came a new logo with gulf+western company +# in 1989 came a new logo when they had commutations and was the team umizoomi logo +# in 1995 came a new logo when they had Viacom and is usually used in blues clues tapes +# in 2002 came a new logo for their 90 year anniversary +# in 2003 came a new logo as a second logo with different clouds for the 90th anniversary and it happened similar when you deleted your google email user and they had two warner bros 90th anniversary logos by mistake too. +# In 2005 came a new logo with the new viacom byline and first used in BluesRoom:FredsBirthday and you got it with the wrong vhs and it had a old vhs sticker and it had the viacom logo under the paramount just like in your baby videos +# in 2012 came a new logo for their 100th anniversary -[[File:Paramount logo 1914.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder [[William Wadsworth Hodkinson]], from 1917 to 1967.]] +==== bonus logos ==== +# from 1942-1944 they had a volcano mountain +# from 1944-1952 the wtf boom logo was in color -Starting in 1914, both Lasky and Famous Players released their films through a start-up company, Paramount Pictures Corporation, organized early that year by a Utah theatre owner, [[W. W. Hodkinson]], who had bought and merged several smaller firms. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer [[Hobart Bosworth]] had started production of a series of [[Jack London]] movies. Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor; until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation. +=== Paramount Song === -In 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one. The new company Lasky and Zukor founded, '''[[Famous Players-Lasky]] Corporation''', grew quickly, with Lasky and his partners Goldwyn and DeMille running the production side, Hiram Abrams in charge of distribution, and Zukor making great plans. With only the exhibitor-owned [[First National]] as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its "Paramount Pictures" soon dominated the business. - -=== 1921–1930: The rise === -[[File:GrangeLasky-DeMille1913.jpg|thumb|left| Lasky's original studio, a.k.a.: "The Barn"; as it appeared in the mid-1920s. The Taft building, built in 1923, is visible in the background.]] -Because Zukor believed in stars, he signed and developed many of the leading early stars, including [[Mary Pickford]], [[Marguerite Clark]], [[Pauline Frederick]], [[Douglas Fairbanks]], [[Gloria Swanson]], [[Rudolph Valentino]], and [[Wallace Reid]]. With so many important players, Paramount was able to introduce "[[block booking]]", which meant that an exhibitor who wanted a particular star's films had to buy a year's worth of other Paramount productions. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, but which led the government to pursue it on [[antitrust]] grounds for more than twenty years. - -The driving force behind Paramount's rise was Zukor. Through the teens and twenties, he built the '''Publix Theatres Corporation''', a chain of nearly 2,000 screens, ran two production studios (in [[Astoria, New York]], and [[Hollywood, California]]), and became an early investor in radio, taking a 50% interest in the new [[CBS|Columbia Broadcasting System]] in 1928 (selling it within a few years; this would not be the last time Paramount and CBS crossed paths). - -In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer [[B. P. Schulberg]], an unerring eye for new talent, to run the new West Coast operations. They purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paramount.com/node/7664 |title=1926: THE NEW STUDIO &#124; Paramount Pictures |publisher=Paramount.com |accessdate=October 28, 2011}}</ref> In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name '''Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation'''. Three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became '''Paramount Publix Corporation'''. - -In 1928, Paramount began releasing ''[[Inkwell Imps]],'' animated cartoons produced by [[Max Fleischer|Max]] and [[Dave Fleischer]]'s [[Fleischer Studios]] in New York City. The Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of [[Walt Disney]]. The Paramount newsreel series [[Paramount News]] ran from 1927 to 1957. In 1929 Paramount Released their first musical "[[Innocents of Paris]]." [[Richard A. Whiting]] and [[Leo Robin]] composed the score for the film; [[Maurice Chevalier]] starred and sung the most famous song from the film, "[[Louise (Maurice Chevalier song)|Louise]]". - -==== Publix, Balaban and Katz, Loew's competition, and wonder theaters ==== -By acquiring the successful [[Balaban & Katz]] chain in 1926, Zukor gained the services of [[Barney Balaban]] (who would eventually become Paramount's president in 1936), his brother [[A. J. Balaban]] (who would eventually supervise all stage production nationwide and produce talkie shorts), and their partner Sam Katz (who would run the Paramount-Publix theatre chain in New York City from the thirty-five-story Paramount Theatre Building on [[Times Square]]). - -Balaban and Katz had developed the Wonder Theater concept, first publicized around 1918 in Chicago. The Chicago Theater was created as a very ornate theater and advertised as a "wonder theater." When Publix acquired Balaban, they embarked on a project to expand the wonder theaters, and starting building in New York in 1927. While Balaban and Public were dominant in Chicago, [[Loew's]] was the big player in New York, and did not want the Publix theaters to overshadow theirs. The two companies brokered a non-competition deal for New York and Chicago, and Loew's took over the New York area projects, developing five [[Loew's Wonder Theaters|wonder theaters]]. Publix continued Balaban's wonder theater development in its home area.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Kings Is Dead! Long Live the Kings! |date=March 11, 2007 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/11/realestate/11SCAP.html?pagewanted=all |last=Gray |first=Christopher |accessdate=Dec 9, 2013 |work=The New York Times |department=Real Estate / Streetscapes |location=New York, NY}}</ref> - -=== 1931–1940: Receivership === -Eventually, Zukor shed most of his early partners; the Frohman brothers, Hodkinson and Goldwyn were out by 1917 while Lasky hung on until 1932, when, blamed for the near-collapse of Paramount in the [[Great Depression|Depression]] years, he too was tossed out. Zukor's over-expansion and use of overvalued Paramount stock for purchases led the company into receivership in 1933. A bank-mandated reorganization team, led by [[John D. Hertz|John Hertz]] and [[Otto Kahn]] kept the company intact, and, miraculously, Zukor was kept on. In 1935, Paramount-Publix went bankrupt. In 1936, Barney Balaban became president, and Zukor was bumped up to chairman of the board. In this role, Zukor reorganized the company as '''Paramount Pictures, Inc.''' and was able to successfully bring the studio out of bankruptcy. - -As always, Paramount films continued to emphasize stars; in the 1920s there were Swanson, Valentino, and [[Clara Bow]]. By the 1930s, talkies brought in a range of powerful new draws: [[Miriam Hopkins]], [[Marlene Dietrich]], [[Mae West]], [[W.C. Fields]], [[Jeanette MacDonald]], [[Claudette Colbert]], the [[Marx Brothers]] (whose first two films were shot at Paramount's [[Astoria, New York]], studio), [[Dorothy Lamour]], [[Carole Lombard]], [[Bing Crosby]], band leader [[Shep Fields]], famous Argentine tango singer [[Carlos Gardel]], and [[Gary Cooper]] among them.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eames |first=John Douglas |title=The Paramount story |year=1985 |publisher=Crown |location=New York |isbn=0-517-55348-1 |page=37 |edition=[1st ed.].}}</ref> In this period Paramount can truly be described as a movie factory, turning out sixty to seventy pictures a year. Such were the benefits of having a huge theater chain to fill, and of block booking to persuade other chains to go along. In 1933, [[Mae West]] would also add greatly to Paramount's success with her suggestive movies ''[[She Done Him Wrong]]'' and ''[[I'm No Angel]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/shed.html |title=Filmsite.org |publisher=Filmsite.org |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/imno.html |title=Filmsite.org |publisher=Filmsite.org |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> However, the sex appeal West gave in these movies would also lead to the enforcement of the [[Production Code]], as the newly formed organization the [[Catholic Legion of Decency]] threatened a boycott if it was not enforced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mae-west.org/old/mw.bio.html |title=Mae-West.org |publisher=Mae-West.org |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> - -Paramount cartoons produced by Fleischer Studios continued to be successful, with characters such as [[Betty Boop]] and [[Popeye the Sailor]] becoming widely successful. One Fleischer series, ''[[Screen Songs]]'', featured live-action music stars under contract to Paramount hosting sing-alongs of popular songs. The animation studio would rebound with [[Popeye]], and in 1935, polls showed that Popeye was even more popular than Mickey Mouse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.goldenagecartoons.com/showthread.php?t=2907 |title=Forums.GoldenAgeCartoons.com |publisher=Forums.GoldenAgeCartoons.com |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> After an unsuccessful expansion into feature films, as well as the fact that Max and Dave Fleischer were no longer speaking to one another, Fleischer Studios was acquired by Paramount, which renamed the operation [[Famous Studios]]. That incarnation of the animation studio continued cartoon production until 1967, but has been historically dismissed as having largely failed to maintain the artistic acclaim the Fleischer brothers achieved under their management.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maltin |first=Leonard |title=Of Mice and Magic |year=1987 |origyear=1980 |publisher=Plume |location=New York |page=311}}</ref> - -[[File:ParamountLogo1930s.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and ''[[Popeye]]'' shorts.]] - -=== 1941–1950: United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. === -In 1940, Paramount agreed to a government-instituted consent decree: block booking and "pre-selling" (the practice of collecting up-front money for films not yet in production) would end. Immediately Paramount cut back on production, from seventy-one pictures to a more modest nineteen annually in the war years.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eames |first=John Douglas |title=The Paramount Story |year=1985 |publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc. |location=New York, New York |isbn=0-517-55348-1 |page=115}}</ref> Still, with more new stars like [[Bob Hope]], [[Alan Ladd]], [[Veronica Lake]], [[Paulette Goddard]], and [[Betty Hutton]], and with war-time attendance at astronomical numbers, Paramount and the other integrated studio-theatre combines made more money than ever. At this, the [[Federal Trade Commission]] and the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]] decided to reopen their case against the five integrated studios. Paramount also had a monopoly over [[Detroit]] movie theaters through subsidiary company United Detroit Theaters as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/united-detroit_paramount-history.htm |title=ACTUAL ARTICLE TITLE BELONGS HERE! |publisher=Cobbles.com |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> This led to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] decision [[United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.]] (1948) holding that movie studios could not also own movie theater chains. This decision broke up Adolph Zukor's creation and effectively brought an end to the classic Hollywood [[studio system]]. - -=== 1951–1966: Split and after === -With the separation of production and exhibition forced by the U.S. Supreme Court, Paramount Pictures Inc. was split in two.<ref name="Nelmes">{{cite book |last=Nelmes |first=Jill |title=An Introduction to Film Studies |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |edition=3 |page=16 |isbn=0-415-26268-2}}</ref> Paramount Pictures Corporation was formed to be the production distribution company, with the 1,500-screen theater chain handed to the new [[United Paramount Theaters]] on December 31, 1949. [[Leonard Goldenson]], who had headed the chain since 1938, remained as the new company's president. The Balaban and Katz theatre division was spun off with UPT; its trademark eventually became the property of the Balaban and Katz Historical Foundation. The Foundation has recently acquired ownership of the Famous Players Trademark. Cash-rich and controlling prime downtown real estate, Goldenson began looking for investments. Barred from film-making by prior anti-trust rulings, he acquired the struggling [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television network in February 1953, leading it first to financial health, and eventually, in the mid-1970s, to first place in the national Nielsen ratings, before selling out to [[Capital Cities Communications|Capital Cities]] in 1985 (Capital Cities would eventually sell out, in turn, to [[The Walt Disney Company]] in 1996). United Paramount Theaters was renamed ABC Theaters in 1965 and was sold to businessman Henry Plitt in 1974. The movie theater chain was renamed Plitt Theaters. In 1985, [[Cineplex Odeon Corporation]] merged with Plitt. In later years, Paramount's TV division would develop a strong relationship with ABC, providing many hit series to the network. - -==== The DuMont Network ==== -Paramount Pictures had been an early backer of television, launching experimental stations in 1939 in Los Angeles and Chicago. The Los Angeles station eventually became [[KTLA]], the first commercial station on the West Coast. The Chicago station got a commercial license as WBKB in 1943, but was sold to UPT along with Balaban & Katz in 1948 and was eventually resold to CBS as [[WBBM-TV]]. - -In 1938, Paramount bought a stake in television manufacturer [[DuMont Laboratories]]. Through this stake, it became a minority owner of the [[DuMont Television Network]].<ref name="Hess1">{{cite book |last=Hess |first=Gary Newton |title=An Historical Study of the DuMont Television Network |publisher=Arno Press |location=New York |year=1979 |page=91 |isbn=0-405-11758-2}}</ref> Also Paramount launched its own network, [[Paramount Television Network]], in 1948 through its television unit, Television Productions, Inc.<ref name="Schatz">{{cite book |last=Schatz |first=Thomas |title=Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s |publisher=University of California Press |year=1999 |page=433 |isbn=0-520-22130-3}}</ref> - -Paramount management planned to acquire additional [[owned-and-operated station]]s ("O&Os"); the company applied to the FCC for additional stations in San Francisco, Detroit, and Boston.<ref name="Browne">{{cite book |last=Browne |first=Nick |title=American Television: New Directions in History and Theory |publisher=Routledge |year=1994 |page=32 |isbn=3-7186-0563-5 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=yuU72DJI97UC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=%22Paramount+Pictures%22%2B%22FCC%22%2B%22San+Francisco%22&q=%22Paramount%20Pictures%22%2B%22FCC%22%2B%22San%20Francisco%22 |accessdate=April 9, 2010}}</ref> The FCC, however, denied Paramount's applications. A few years earlier, the federal regulator had placed a five-station cap on all television networks: no network was allowed to own more than five [[VHF]] television stations. Paramount was hampered by its minority stake in the DuMont Television Network. Although both DuMont and Paramount executives stated that the companies were separate, the FCC ruled that Paramount's partial ownership of DuMont meant that DuMont and Paramount were in theory branches of the same company. Since DuMont owned three television stations and Paramount owned two, the federal agency ruled neither network could acquire additional television stations. The FCC requested that Paramount relinquish its stake in DuMont, but Paramount refused.<ref name="Browne" /> According to television historian William Boddy, "Paramount's checkered anti-trust history" helped convince the FCC that Paramount controlled DuMont.<ref name="Boddy">{{cite book |last=Boddy |first=William |title=Fifties Television: the Industry and Its Critics |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=1992 |page=56 |isbn=0-252-06299-X}}</ref> Both DuMont and Paramount Television Network suffered as a result, with neither company able to acquire five O&Os. Meanwhile, CBS, ABC, and NBC had each acquired the maximum of five stations by the mid-1950s.<ref name="BrooksandMarsh">{{cite book |last=Brooks |first=Tim |author2=Marsh, Earle |title=The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–present |publisher=Ballantine |location=New York |year=2007 |edition=9th |page=xiii |isbn=978-0-345-49773-4}}</ref> - -When ABC accepted a merger offer from UPT in 1953, DuMont quickly realized that ABC now had more resources than it could possibly hope to match. It quickly reached an agreement in principle to merge with ABC.<ref name="Bergmann5">Bergmann, Ted; Skutch, Ira (2002). ''The DuMont Television Network: What Happened?'', pp. 79-83. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8108-4270-X.</ref> - -In 1951, Paramount bought a stake in [[Telemeter (pay television)|International Telemeter]], an experimental pay TV service which operated with a coin inserted into a box. The service began operating in Palm Springs, California on November 27, 1953, but due to pressure from the FCC, the service ended on May 15, 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Telemeter: Coin Operated TV |url=http://www.tvobscurities.com/articles/cointv/ |publisher=TVObscurities.com |accessdate=June 9, 2012}}</ref> - -With the loss of the theater chain, Paramount Pictures went into a decline, cutting studio-backed production, releasing its contract players, and making production deals with independents. By the mid-1950s, all the great names were gone; only C.B. DeMille, associated with Paramount since 1913, kept making pictures in the grand old style. Despite Paramount's losses, DeMille would, however, give the studio some relief and create his most successful film at Paramount, a 1956 [[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|remake]] of his 1923 film ''[[The Ten Commandments (1923 film)|The Ten Commandments]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmsite.org/tenc.html |title=Filmsite.org |publisher=Filmsite.org |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> DeMille died in 1959. Like some other studios, Paramount saw little value in its film library, and sold 764 of its pre-1948 films to [[MCA Inc.]] (known today as [[Universal Studios|Universal Studios Inc.]]) in February 1958.<ref>McDougal, Dennis (2001). ''The Last Mogul: Lew Wasserman, MCA, and the Hidden History of Hollywood'' (pp. 231-232). [[Da Capo Press]].</ref> - -=== 1966–1970: Early Gulf+Western era === -[[File:Paramount Pictures (Gulf+Western) logo.jpg|250px|thumb|left|Paramount's logo from 1953–1975. The [[Gulf and Western Industries|Gulf+Western]] byline was introduced following the company's purchase of Paramount. The variant shown here was used in the first three [[Indiana Jones]] films, the first of which was released in 1981.]] -By the early 1960s, Paramount's future was doubtful. The high-risk movie business was wobbly; the theater chain was long gone; investments in DuMont and in early pay-television came to nothing; and the end of the Golden Age of Hollywood, even the flagship Paramount building in Times Square was sold to raise cash, as was KTLA (sold to [[Gene Autry]] in 1964 for a then-phenomenal $12.5&nbsp;million). Founding father Adolph Zukor (born in 1873) was still chairman emeritus; he referred to chairman Barney Balaban (born 1888) as "the boy." Such aged leadership was incapable of keeping up with the changing times, and in 1966, a sinking Paramount was sold to [[Charles Bluhdorn]]'s industrial conglomerate, [[Gulf and Western Industries|Gulf + Western Industries Corporation]]. Bluhdorn immediately put his stamp on the studio, installing a virtually unknown producer named [[Robert Evans (producer)|Robert Evans]] as head of production. Despite some rough times, Evans held the job for eight years, restoring Paramount's reputation for commercial success with ''[[The Odd Couple (film)|The Odd Couple]]'', ''[[Rosemary's Baby (film)|Rosemary's Baby]]'', ''[[Love Story (1970 film)|Love Story]]'', ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[Chinatown (1974 film)|Chinatown]]'', and ''[[3 Days of the Condor]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Evans |first=Robert |title=The kid stays in the picture |year=2006 |publisher=Phoenix Books |location=Beverly Hills, Calif. |isbn=1-59777-525-8 |pages=xii |edition=1st New Millennium printing.}}</ref> - -Gulf + Western Industries also bought the neighboring [[Desilu Productions|Desilu]] television studio (once the lot of [[RKO Pictures]]) from [[Lucille Ball]] in 1967. Using some of Desilu's established shows such as ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible]]'', and ''[[Mannix]]'' as a foot in the door at the networks, the newly reincorporated [[Paramount Television]] eventually became known as a specialist in half-hour situation comedies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dick |first=Bernard F. |title=Engulfed : the death of Paramount Pictures and the birth of corporate Hollywood |year=2001 |publisher=Univ. Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, Ky. |isbn=0-8131-2202-3}}</ref> - -=== 1971–1980: CIC formation and high-concept era === -In 1970, Paramount teamed with [[Universal Studios]] to form [[Cinema International Corporation]], a new company that would distribute films by the two studios outside the United States. [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] would become a partner in the mid-1970s. Both Paramount and CIC entered the video market with Paramount Home Video (now [[Paramount Home Media Distribution|Paramount Home Entertainment]]) and [[CIC Video]], respectively. - -Robert Evans abandoned his position as head of production in 1974; his successor, [[Richard Sylbert]], proved to be too literary and too tasteful for Gulf + Western's Bluhdorn. By 1976, a new, television-trained team was in place headed by [[Barry Diller]] and his "Killer-Dillers", as they were called by admirers or "Dillettes" as they were called by detractors. These associates, made up of [[Michael Eisner]], [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]], [[Dawn Steel]] and [[Don Simpson]] would each go on and head up major movie studios of their own later in their careers. - -[[File:Paramount Pictures print logo (1968).svg|thumb|right|250px|Paramount's print logo with the Viacom byline. This logo has been used since 1994, with minor variations. The new byline was introduced in 2010.]] -The Paramount specialty was now simpler. "[[High concept]]" pictures such as ''[[Saturday Night Fever]]'' and ''[[Grease (film)|Grease]]'' hit big, hit hard and hit fast all over the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmsite.org/80sintro.html |title=Film History of the 1980s |publisher=Filmsite.org |date=1986-09-08 |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> and Diller's television background led him to propose one of his longest-standing ideas to the board: [[Paramount Television Service]], a [[Fourth television network|fourth commercial network]]. Paramount Pictures purchased the [[Hughes Television Network]] (HTN) including its satellite time in planning for PTVS in 1976. Paramount sold HTN to Madison Square Garden in 1979.<ref name=ap>{{cite news |title=Cohen Buys Hughes TV Network for 3rd Time |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74495632.html |accessdate=May 30, 2012 |agency=Associated Press |date=June 9, 2003}}</ref> But Diller believed strongly in the concept, and so took his fourth-network idea with him when he moved to [[20th Century Fox]] in 1984, where Fox's then freshly installed proprietor, [[Rupert Murdoch]] was a more interested listener. Meanwhile, concentrating on hot films, Paramount was met with critical success with the release of ''[[The Godfather]]'', based on the popular novel.<ref>{{cite book |last=Eames |first=John Douglas |title=The Paramount Story |year=1985 |publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc. |location=New York, New York |isbn=0-517-55348-1 |page=287}}</ref> - -However, the television division would be playing catch-up for over a decade after Diller's departure in 1984 before launching its own television network – [[UPN]] – in 1995. Lasting eleven years before being merged with [[The WB]] network to become [[The CW]] in 2006, UPN would feature many of the shows it originally produced for other networks, and would take numerous gambles on series such as ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'' and ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'' that would have otherwise either gone direct-to-cable or become [[Broadcast syndication|first-run syndication]] to independent stations across the country (as ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'' and ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' were). - -Paramount Pictures was not connected to either [[Paramount Records]] (1910s-1935) or [[ABC Records|ABC-Paramount Records]] (1955–66) until it purchased the rights to use the name (but not the latter's catalog) in the late 1960s. The [[Paramount Records (1969)|Paramount]] name was used for soundtrack albums and some pop re-issues from the [[Dot Records]] catalog which Paramount had acquired in 1958. By 1970, Dot had become an all-country label<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bsnpubs.com/dot/paramount.html |title=ACTUAL ARTICLE TITLE BELONGS HERE! |publisher=BSNpubs.com |date=October 12, 2006 |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> and in 1974, Paramount sold all of its record holdings to [[ABC Records]], which in turn was sold to [[MCA Inc.|MCA]] (now [[Universal Music Group]]) in 1979.<ref>https://books.google.ca/books?isbn=1471611868</ref><ref>https://books.google.ca/books?isbn=1471632903</ref> - -=== 1980–1994: Continuous success === - -Paramount's successful run of pictures extended into the 1980s and 1990s, generating hits like ''[[Airplane!]]'', ''[[American Gigolo]]'', ''[[Ordinary People]]'', ''[[An Officer and a Gentleman]]'', ''[[Flashdance]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Footloose (1984 film)|Footloose]]'', ''[[Pretty in Pink]]'', ''[[Top Gun]]'', ''[["Crocodile" Dundee]]'', ''[[Fatal Attraction]]'', ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]'', the ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' [[slasher film|slasher]] series, as well as ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' and its sequels. Other examples are the ''[[Star Trek]]'' series and a string of films starring comedian [[Eddie Murphy]] like ''[[Trading Places]]'', ''[[Coming to America]]'', and ''[[Beverly Hills Cop]]'' and its sequels. While the emphasis was decidedly on the commercial, there were occasional less commercial but more artistic and intellectual efforts like ''[[I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can]]'', ''[[Atlantic City (1980 film)|Atlantic City]]'', ''[[Reds (film)|Reds]]'', ''[[Witness (1985 film)|Witness]]'', ''[[Children of a Lesser God]]'' and ''[[The Accused (1988 film)|The Accused]]''. During this period, responsibility for running the studio passed from Eisner and Katzenberg to [[Frank Mancuso, Sr.]] (1984) and [[Ned Tanen]] (1984) to [[Stanley R. Jaffe]] (1991) and [[Sherry Lansing]] (1992). More so than most, Paramount's slate of films included many remakes and television spinoffs; while sometimes commercially successful, there have been few compelling films of the kind that once made Paramount the industry leader. - -In August 25, 1983, fire struck the Paramount Studios. Two or three sound stages and four outdoor sets were destroyed, but the rest of the Studios were still intact.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fire destroys sets, stages at Paramount |date=August 26, 1983 |page=18 |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9S8aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uiQEAAAAIBAJ&dq=paramount%20fire%20cheers%20star-trek&pg=6670%2C8783024 |newspaper=[[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|Times-News]] |location=Hendersonville, North Carolina |accessdate=August 17, 2012|agency=[[Associated Press]] |author=John Antczak}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fire destroys Paramount sound stages |date=August 26, 1983 |page=8 |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CJszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nDIHAAAAIBAJ&dq=paramount%20studios%20fire%20cheers%20star-trek&pg=3449%2C6550609 |agency=[[United Press International]] |newspaper=[[Lodi News-Sentinel]] |location=Lodi, California |accessdate=August 17, 2012}}</ref> - -When Charles Bluhdorn died unexpectedly, his successor Martin Davis dumped all of G+W's industrial, mining, and sugar-growing subsidiaries and refocused the company, renaming it [[Gulf and Western Industries|Paramount Communications]] in 1989. With the influx of cash from the sale of G+W's industrial properties in the mid-1980s, Paramount bought a string of television stations and [[KECO Entertainment]]'s theme park operations, renaming them [[Paramount Parks]]. These parks included [[California's Great America|Paramount's Great America]], [[Canada's Wonderland|Paramount Canada's Wonderland]], [[Carowinds|Paramount's Carowinds]], [[Kings Dominion|Paramount's Kings Dominion]], and [[Kings Island|Paramount's Kings Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visitkingsisland.com/media-center/park-history |title=Park History &#124; Kings Island, Mason OH |publisher=Visitkingsisland.com |date= |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> - -In 1993, [[Sumner Redstone]]'s entertainment conglomerate [[Viacom (1971–2005)|Viacom]] made a bid for a merger with Paramount Communications; this quickly escalated into a bidding war with [[Barry Diller]]'s [[QVC]]. But Viacom prevailed, ultimately paying $10&nbsp;billion for the Paramount holdings. Viacom and Paramount had planned to merge as early as 1989.<ref>{{cite news |last=Delugach |first=Al |title=Viacom, Gulf & Western Discuss Merger |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-05-06/business/fi-2144_1_five-television-and-eight-western-deal-sumner-m-redstone |accessdate=May 30, 2012 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=May 6, 1989}}</ref> - -Paramount is the last major film studio located in Hollywood proper. When Paramount moved to its present home in 1927, it was in the heart of the film community. Since then, former next-door neighbor [[RKO Pictures|RKO]] closed up shop in 1957; [[Warner Bros.]] (whose old Sunset Boulevard studio was sold to Paramount in 1949 as a home for [[KTLA]]) moved to [[Burbank, Los Angeles County, California|Burbank]] in 1930; [[Columbia Pictures|Columbia]] joined Warners in Burbank in 1973 then moved again to [[Culver City, California|Culver City]] in 1989; and the Pickford-Fairbanks-Goldwyn-United Artists lot, after a lively history, has been turned into a [[post-production]] and music-scoring facility for Warners, known simply as "The Lot". For a time the semi-industrial neighborhood around Paramount was in decline, but has now come back. The recently refurbished studio has come to symbolize Hollywood for many visitors, and its studio tour is a popular attraction. - -=== 1994–2004: Dolgen/Lansing and "old" Viacom era === -During this time period, Paramount Pictures went under the guidance of Jonathan Dolgen, chairman and [[Sherry Lansing]], president.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1994-03-17/business/fi-35287_1_sony-pictures |title=Viacom to Name Jonathan Dolgen New Paramount Studio Head : Hollywood: The Sony Pictures executive will oversee movie and TV operations in a deal that is expected to be announced today. - latimes |publisher=Articles.latimes.com |date=1994-03-18 |accessdate=2015-08-08 |first=Alan |last=Citron}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sherrylansingfoundation.org/page.php?whPage=lansing.php |title=The Sherry Lansing Foundation |publisher=The Sherry Lansing Foundation |date= |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> During their administration over Paramount, the studio had an extremely successful period of films with two of Paramount's ten highest grossing films being produced during this period.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/studio/chart/?view=company&view2=allrovis&studio=paramount.htm |title=ACTUAL ARTICLE TITLE BELONGS HERE! |publisher=BoxOfficeMojo.com |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> The most successful of these films, ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'', a joint production with [[20th Century Fox]], became the highest grossing film up to that time, grossing over $1.8&nbsp;billion worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm |title=ACTUAL ARTICLE TITLE BELONGS HERE! |publisher=BoxOfficeMojo.com |date=March 15, 1998 |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> Also during this time, three Paramount Pictures films won the [[Academy Award]] for Best Picture; ''Titanic, Braveheart'', and ''Forrest Gump''. - -Paramount's most important property, however, was ''Star Trek''. Studio executives had begun to call it "the franchise" in the 1980s due to its reliable revenue, and other studios envied its "untouchable and unduplicatable" success. By 1998 ''Star Trek'' TV shows, movies, books, videotapes, and licensing provided so much of the studio's profit that "it is not possible to spend any reasonable amount of time at Paramount and not be aware of [its] presence"; filming for ''Star Trek: Voyager'' and ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'' required up to nine of the largest of the studio's 36 [[sound stage]]s.<ref name="meehan2005">{{cite book |title=Why TV is not our fault: television programming, viewers, and who's really in control |author=Meehan, Eileen R. |year=2005 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=93 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SEtw4yGRjwUC&lpg=PA93&dq=%22star%20trek%22%20%22the%20franchise%22%20paramount&pg=PA93#v=onepage&q=%22star%20trek%22%20%22the%20franchise%22%20paramount&f=false |isbn=0-7425-2486-8}}</ref><ref name="poe1998">{{cite book |title=A Vision of the Future |author=Poe, Stephen Edward |year=1998 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=0-671-53481-5}}</ref>{{rp|49–50,54}} - -In 1995, Viacom and [[Chris-Craft Industries]]' [[United Television]] launched [[United Paramount Network]] (UPN) with ''Star Trek: Voyager'' as its flagship series, fulfilling Barry Diller's plan for a Paramount network from 25 years earlier. In 1999, Viacom bought out United Television's interests, and handed responsibility for the start-up network to the newly acquired [[CBS]] unit, which Viacom bought in 1999 – an ironic confluence of events as Paramount had once invested in CBS, and Viacom had once been the syndication arm of CBS as well.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hoynes |first=David Croteau, William |title=The business of media : corporate media and the public interest |year=2006 |publisher=Pine Forge |location=Thousand Oaks |isbn=1-4129-1315-2 |edition=2nd |authorlink=The Viacom-CBS merger |page=85 |chapter=3}}</ref> During this period the studio acquired some 30 TV stations to support the UPN network as well acquiring and merging in the assets of Republic Pictures, Spelling Television and Viacom Television, almost doubling the size of the studio's TV library. The TV division produced the dominant prime time show for the decade in ''Frasier'' as well as such long running hits as NCIS and ''Becker'' and the dominant prime time magazine show ''Entertainment Tonight.'' - -During this period, Paramount and its related subsidiaries and affiliates, operating under the name "Viacom Entertainment Group" also included the fourth largest group of theme parks in the United States and Canada which in addition to traditional rides and attractions launched numerous successful location based entertainment units including a long running "Star Trek" attraction at the Las Vegas Hilton. Famous Music – the company's celebrated music publishing arm almost doubled in size and developed artists including Pink, Bush, Green Day as well as catalog favorites including Duke Ellington and Henry Mancini. The Paramount/Viacom licensing group under the leadership of [[Tom McGrath]] created the "Cheers" franchise bars and restaurants and a chain of restaurants borrowing from the studio's Academy Award winning film "Forrest Gump" – ''The Bubba Gump Shrimp Company''. Through the combined efforts of Famous Music and the studio over ten "Broadway" musicals were created including Irving Berlin's ''White Christmas'', ''Footloose, Saturday Night Fever'', Andrew Lloyd Weber's ''Sunset Boulevard'' among others. The Company's international arm, United International Pictures (UIP), was the dominant distributor internationally for ten straight years representing Paramount, Universal and MGM. Simon and Schuster became part of the Viacom Entertainment Group emerging as the US' dominant trade book publisher. - -In 2002, Paramount, [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Distribution]], [[20th Century Fox]], [[Sony Pictures Entertainment|Sony Pictures]], [[Universal Studios]], and [[Warner Bros.]] formed the [[Digital Cinema Initiatives]]. Operating under a waiver form the anti-trust law, the studios combined under the leadership of Paramount Chief Operating Officer [[Tom McGrath]] to develop technical standards for the eventual introduction of digital film projection – replacing the now 100 year old film technology.<ref name="dcimovies.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.dcimovies.com/ |title=Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI) November&nbsp;20, 2008 ERRATA TO DCI DIGITAL CINEMA SYSTEM SPECIFICATION, VERSION 1.2 |publisher=Dcimovies.com |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> DCI was created "to establish and document voluntary specifications for an open architecture for digital cinema that ensures a uniform and high level of technical performance, reliability and quality control."<ref name="dcimovies.com" /> McGrath also headed up Paramount's initiative for the creation and launch of the Blu-ray DVD. - -=== 2005: Dissolution of the Viacom Entertainment Group and Paramount === -In 2005, Viacom announced the spinoff of CBS into a separate public entity. As part of this spinoff, the Entertainment Group that was led by Dolgen, Lansing and McGrath, was dissolved and Paramount broken up into its separate assets. Famous Music, part of the company since its founding by Jesse Lasky, was sold to Sony Music. The UPN network and its TV stations were transferred to CBS. Paramount itself was broken into two parts and the television production and assets were stripped and made part of CBS. The [[Paramount Parks|theme parks]] group was sold to [[Cedar Fair]] in 2006 and renamed the parks by taking out the "Paramount's" prefix. Simon and Schuster also became part of CBS. The company's three chains of movie theaters were divested – [[Famous Players]] Theaters, the dominant theater circuit in Canada was sold to its competitor [[Cineplex Odeon]]. UCI which dominated the international theater markets consisting of 1,300+ screens in 11 countries was sold to buyout firm Terra Firma. Mann Theaters was slowly divested screen by screen with the world famous "Graumann's Chinese Theater" being sold to a consortium led by Eli Samaha. - -The resulting company, approximately 20% of its former size coalesced in 2006 under the leadership of its new CEO, Brad Grey who held the same title as Sherry Lansing despite the much smaller size of the business under his leadership. - -=== 2005–present: Paramount today === - -==== CBS Corporation/Viacom split ==== -[[File:Paramountpicturesmelrosegate.jpg|thumb|Paramount Pictures' studio lot in Hollywood (Melrose Gate entrance)]] -Reflecting in part the troubles of the broadcasting business, in 2005 Viacom wrote off over $18&nbsp;billion from its radio acquisitions and, early that year, announced that it would split itself in two. The split was completed in January 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Viacom's Big Bath |author=[[John M. Higgins|Higgins, John M]] |url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/156315-Viacom_s_Big_Bath.php |newspaper=Broadcasting&Cable |date=February 27, 2005 |accessdate=April 13, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=CBS Viacom Formally Split |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-500395_162-1176111.html |publisher=CBS News |date=February 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 13, 2013}}</ref> - -With the announcement of the split of Viacom, Dolgen and Lansing were replaced by former television executives Brad Grey and Gail Berman.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hollywood Pioneer Lansing Is Poised to Exit Paramount |author=Eller, Claudia |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/nov/02/business/fi-paramount2 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=November 2, 2004 |accessdate=April 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Another Exec Quits Viacom in Shake-Up |author=Hofmeister, Sallie; Eller, Claudia |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2004/jun/03/business/fi-dolgen3 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=June 3, 2004 |accessdate=April 17, 2013}}</ref> The Viacom Inc. board split the company into CBS Corporation and a separate company under the Viacom name. The board scheduled the division for the first quarter of 2006. Under the plan, CBS Corp. would comprise CBS and UPN networks, Viacom Television Stations Group, Infinity Broadcasting, Viacom Outdoor, Paramount Television, KingWorld, Showtime, Simon and Schuster, Paramount Parks, and CBS News. The revamped Viacom would include "[[MTV]], [[VH1]], [[Nickelodeon]], [[BET]] and several other cable networks as well as the Paramount movie studio".<ref>{{cite news |title=Viacom Makes Split Official |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-201_162-701875.html |publisher=CBS News |date=February 11, 2009 |accessdate=April 28, 2013}}</ref> Paramount's home entertainment unit continues to distribute the Paramount TV library through [[CBS Home Entertainment|CBS DVD]], as both Viacom and CBS Corporation are controlled by [[Sumner Redstone]]'s [[National Amusements]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.denverpost.com/search/ci_5164430 |title=Redstones settle feud over family business |first=Greg|last=Griffin |date=February 6, 2007 |work=[[The Denver Post]]}}</ref> - -In 2009, CBS stopped using the Paramount name in its series and changed the name of the production arm to [[CBS Television Studios]], eliminating the Paramount name from television, to distance itself from the latter. - -==== DreamWorks purchased ==== -On December 11, 2005, The Paramount Motion Pictures Group announced that it had purchased [[DreamWorks]] SKG (which was co-founded by former Paramount executive [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]]) in a deal worth $1.6&nbsp;billion. The announcement was made by [[Brad Grey]], chairman and CEO of Paramount Pictures who noted that enhancing Paramount's pipeline of pictures is a "key strategic objective in restoring Paramount's stature as a leader in filmed entertainment."<ref>{{cite news |title=Paramount-Dreamworks deal finalised |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2006-02-02/paramount-dreamworks-deal-finalised/790778 |publisher=ABC News |date=February 3, 2006 |accessdate=April 27, 2013}}</ref> The agreement does not include [[DreamWorks Animation]] SKG Inc., the most profitable part of the company that went public the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paramount Pictures Buys Dreamworks |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,178401,00.html |newspaper=foxnews.com/ Associated Press |date=December 12, 2005 |accessdate=April 14, 2013}}</ref> - -On October 6, 2008, DreamWorks executives announced that they were leaving Paramount and relaunching an independent DreamWorks. The DreamWorks trademarks remained with DreamWorks Animation when that company was spun off before the Paramount purchase, and DreamWorks Animation transferred the license to the name to the new company.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/06/business/media/06dreamworks.html?ref=business |title=DreamWorks Executives Sever Ties With Paramount to Form a New Company |first=Michael|last=Cieply |work=The New York Times |date=October 6, 2008}}</ref> - -==== UIP, Famous Music, and Digital Entertainment ==== -In 2007, Paramount sold another one of its "heritage" units, [[Famous Music]], to [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing]] (best known for publishing many songs by [[The Beatles]], and for being co-owned by [[Michael Jackson]]), ending a nearly-eight-decade run as a division of Paramount, being the studio's music publishing arm since the period when the entire company went by the name "Famous Players."<ref>{{cite book |last=Garrett |first=edited by Charles Hiroshi |title=The Grove Dictionary of American Music |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-531428-1 |edition=Second}}</ref> - -In early 2008, Paramount partnered with Los Angeles-based developer [[FanRocket]] to make short scenes taken from its film library available to users on Facebook. The application, called VooZoo, allows users to send movie clips to other Facebook users and to post clips on their profile pages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nakashima |first=Ryan |url=http://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/2008-03-11-3376706485_x.htm |title=Facebook app lets users send movie clips |work=USA Today |date=March 11, 2008 |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> Paramount engineered a similar deal with [[Makena Technologies]] to allow users of [[MTV|vMTV]] and [[There.com]] to view and send movie clips.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lang |first=Derrik J. |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/2008-04-03-2435038588_x.htm |title=Paramount to open virtual movie vault |work=USA Today |date=April 3, 2008 |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> - -In March 2010, Paramount founded [[Insurge Pictures]], an independent distributor of "micro budget" films. The distributor planned ten movies with budgets of $100,000 each.<ref name=ip>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/hollywood_studio_boosts_micro-budget_movies/ |title=Hollywood Studio to Back Micro-Budget Movies |publisher=Indiewire.com |accessdate=October 28, 2011}}</ref> The first release was ''[[The Devil Inside (film)|The Devil Inside]]'', a movie with a budget of about US$1 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Daniel S Levine |url=http://thecelebritycafe.com/feature/devil-inside-makes-its-budget-back-midnight-screenings-making-2-million-01-07-2012 |title=‘The Devil Inside’ makes its budget back in midnight screenings, making $2 million |publisher=TheCelebrityCafe.com |date= |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> In March 2015, following waning box office returns, Paramount shuttered Insurge Pictures and moved its operations to the main studio. - -In July 2011, in the wake of critical and box office success of the animated feature, ''[[Rango (2011 film)|Rango]]'', and the departure of DreamWorks Animation upon completion of their distribution contract in 2012, Paramount announced the formation of a new division, devoted to the creation of animated productions.<ref name=pa>{{cite news |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2011/07/06/paramount-pictures-animation/ |title=Riding high off the success of 'Rango,' Paramount Pictures to launch in-house animation division |first=Aly|last=Semigran |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=July 6, 2011}}</ref> It marks Paramount's return to having its own animated division for the first time since 1967, when Paramount Cartoon Studios shut down (it was formerly [[Famous Studios]] until 1956).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cartoonresearch.com/paramount.html |title=The Lost Popeye Titles |publisher=Cartoonresearch.com |date=1941-05-24 |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> - -In December 2013, [[The Walt Disney Studios (division)|The Walt Disney Studios]] (via its [[The Walt Disney Company|parent company]]'s purchase of [[Lucasfilm|LucasFilm, Ltd.]] a year earlier<ref name="Schou">{{cite web|url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2012/12/21/walt-disney-completes-lucasfilm-acquisition|title=Mickey meets 'Star Wars': Walt Disney Co. completes acquisition of Lucasfilm|last=Schou|first=Solvej|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 21, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2012}}</ref>) purchased Paramount's remaining distribution and marketing rights to future ''Indiana Jones'' films, while Paramount will continue to distribute the first four films for Disney, and will receive "financial participation" from any additional films.<ref name=VarDisney>{{cite news |last=Kroll |first=Justin |title=Disney Acquires Rights to Future 'Indiana Jones' Movies |url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/disney-acquires-indiana-jones-rights-from-paramount-1200927216/# |accessdate=December 6, 2013 |newspaper=Variety |date=December 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=LATDisney>{{cite news |last=Faughnder |first=Ryan |title=Disney acquires control of future 'Indiana Jones' movies |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-disney-acquires-future-indiana-jones-rights-paramount-20131206,0,4071440.story |accessdate=December 7, 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=THRDisney>{{cite news |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |title=Disney Takes Control of 'Indiana Jones' Franchise for Future Films |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-takes-control-indiana-jones-663704 |accessdate=December 7, 2013 |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=December 6, 2013}}</ref> - -== Investments == - -=== DreamWorks === -In 2006, Paramount became the parent of DreamWorks SKG. Soros Strategic Partners and Dune Entertainment II soon afterwards acquired controlling interest in the live-action films released through September 16, 2005, the latest film in this package was ''[[Just Like Heaven (film)|Just Like Heaven]]''. The remaining live-action films through March 2006 remained under direct Paramount control. - -However, Paramount does own distribution (and other ancillary) rights to the Soros/Dune films. - -On February 8, 2010, Viacom repurchased Soros' controlling stake in the pre-2005 DreamWorks Pictures library for around $400 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fixmer|first=Andy|title=Viacom Acquires Soros Stake in Films for $400 Million (Update3)|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a5_oOCdFObtM|accessdate=February 7, 2013|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=February 11, 2010}}</ref> - -Even as DreamWorks switches distribution of live-action films that are not part of existing franchises to [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]], Paramount will continue to own the films released before the merger, and the films that Paramount themselves distributed (including [[sequel]] rights; such films as ''[[Little Fockers]]'' will be distributed by Paramount and [[DreamWorks]], since it is a [[sequel]] to an existing [[DreamWorks]] film – in this case, ''[[Meet the Parents]]'' and ''[[Meet the Fockers]]'', though Paramount will only own international rights to this title, whereas [[Universal Studios]] will handle domestic distribution<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=meetthefockerssequel.htm |title=Box Office Mojo |publisher=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=October 28, 2011}}</ref>). - -As for the [[DreamWorks Animation]] library, Paramount owned distribution rights to the pre-2013 library, and their previous distribution deal to future DWA titles expired at the end of 2012 with the last Paramount-distributed feature, ''[[Rise of the Guardians]]''. [[20th Century Fox]] now handles distribution on future titles beginning with ''[[The Croods]]'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2012/08/exclusive-dreamworks-animation-to-fox/ |title=Dreamworks Animation to Fox for new 5-Year Distribution Deal |publisher=Deadline |date=August 20, 2012 |accessdate=September 25, 2012}}</ref> though Paramount's rights to distribute every film released by [[DreamWorks Animation]] before 2013 will expire 16 years after each film's initial theatrical release date. However, in July 2014, [[DreamWorks Animation]] purchased Paramount's distribution rights to the pre-2013 library with DreamWorks Animation's current distributor [[20th Century Fox]] to distribute the library.<ref>{{cite news|first=Alexandra|last=Cheney |url=http://variety.com/2014/biz/news/dreamworks-animation-q2-earnings-fall-short-of-estimates-1201271262/ |title=DreamWorks Animation Q2 Earnings Fall Short of Estimates, SEC Investigation Revealed |publisher=Variety |date=2014-07-29 |accessdate=2015-08-08}}</ref> - -=== The CBS library === -Independent company Hollywood Classics now represents Paramount in the theatrical distribution of all the films produced by the various motion picture divisions of [[CBS]] over the years, as a result of the Viacom/CBS merger. - -Paramount (via [[CBS Home Entertainment]]) has outright video distribution to the aforementioned CBS library with few exceptions-for example, the original ''[[The Twilight Zone|Twilight Zone]]'' DVDs are handled by [[Image Entertainment]]. Until 2009, the video rights to ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' were with original theatrical distributor [[Warner Bros.]], under license from CBS (the video license to that film has now reverted to CBS Home Entertainment under Paramount). - -The CBS-produced/owned films, unlike other films in Paramount's library, are still distributed by CBS Television Distribution on TV, and not by Trifecta Entertainment & Media, because CBS (or a subdivision) is the copyright holder for these films. - -== Units == - -=== Subsidiaries === -* Paramount Licensing, Inc. -* [[Paramount Home Media Distribution]] - -=== Divisions === -* [[Paramount Digital Entertainment]] -* Paramount Pictures International -* Paramount Studio Group – physical studio and post production -** The Studios at Paramount – production facilities & lot -** Paramount on Location – production support facilities throughout North America including New York, Vancouver, and Atlanta -** Worldwide Technical Operations – archives, restoration and preservation programs, the mastering and distribution fulfillment services, on-lot post production facilities management -*[[Paramount Television]] (revived in March 2013. Old Paramount Television is now [[CBS Television Studios]]) -* Worldwide Television Distribution -* [[Paramount Famous Productions]], direct-to-video -* Paramount Parks & Resorts, licensing and design for parks and resorts<ref>{{cite web |title=Divisions |url=http://www.paramount.com/studio/divisions |publisher=paramount.com |accessdate=July 17, 2012}}</ref> -* Paramount Motion Picture Group -* Paramount Pictures -** '''[[Viacom Media Networks]] branded labels:''' -*** [[MTV Films]] -*** [[Nickelodeon Movies]] -** [[Insurge Pictures]], micro-budget film (March 2015-)<ref name=ip /> -** [[Paramount Animation]] (2011–present)<ref name=pa /> -** [[Paramount Vantage]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Brad Grey |url=http://www.paramount.com/inside-studio/studio/executives/meet-executives/brad-grey |work=Inside the Studio >At the Studio >Executives >Executives |publisher=Paramount Picture Corporation |accessdate=February 7, 2013}}</ref> -* [[Republic Pictures]] - -=== Joint ventures === -* [[Epix (TV channel)]] -* [[United International Pictures]] - -=== Former divisions, subsidiaries, and joint ventures === -* [[Paramount Television]] Group (now [[CBS Television Studios]]) -** Paramount Network Television -*** [[Big Ticket Entertainment]] (semi-in-name-only since 2006, only shows running is ''[[Judge Judy]]'' and [[Hot Bench]]'') -*** [[Spelling Television]] (in-name-only since 2006) -*** [[Viacom Productions]] (folded into PNT in 2004) -*** Wilshire Court Productions (shut down in 2003) -** [[Paramount Domestic Television]], now [[CBS Television Distribution]] -*** Folded [[Viacom Enterprises]] in 1995, [[Rysher Entertainment]] in 1999, and [[Worldvision Enterprises]] in 2000 -*** RTV News, Inc., producer of ''[[Real TV]]'' and ''[[Maximum Exposure]]'' -** [[UPN|United Paramount Network (UPN)]] – formerly a joint venture with [[United Television]], now part of the CBS/Time Warner joint venture [[The CW Television Network]] -** [[Paramount Stations Group]] (now [[CBS Television Stations]]) -** [[USA Network]]s (also including what is now called [[Syfy]]) – Paramount owned a stake starting in 1982, 50% owner (with [[Universal Studios]]) from 1987 until 1997, when Paramount/Viacom sold their stake to Universal (now part of [[NBCUniversal]]) -** Paramount International Television (now [[CBS Studios International]]) -* [[Paramount Parks]] (Purchased by [[Cedar Fair Entertainment Company]] in 2006) -* [[DreamWorks|DW Studios, LLC]] (also DW Pictures) – defunct, holding film library and rights, principal officers left to recreate DreamWorks as an independent company -** DW Funding LLC – DreamWorks live-action library (pre-09/16/2005; DW Funding, LLC) sold to Soros Strategic Partners and Dune Entertainment II and purchased back in 2010<ref>{{cite news |last=Fixmer |first=Andy |title=Viacom Acquires Soros Stake in Films for $400 Million (Update3) |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a5_oOCdFObtM |accessdate=February 7, 2013 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |date=February 11, 2010}}</ref> - -=== Other interests === -In March 2012, Paramount licensed their name and logo to a luxury hotel investment group which subsequently named the company Paramount Hotels and Resorts. The investors plan to build 50 hotels throughout the world based on the themes of Hollywood and the California lifestyle. Among the features are private screening rooms and the Paramount library available in the hotel rooms. On April 2013, Paramount Hotels and Dubai-based [[DAMAC Properties]] announced the building of the first resort: "DAMAC Towers by Paramount," in They bought 50% stake in India based PVR cinemas [[Dubai]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-14/paramount-hotels-resorts-plans-50-hollywood-themed-properties.html |title=Paramount Hotels & Resorts Plans 50 Hollywood-Themed Properties |first=Zainab|last=Fattah |date=May 14, 2012 |work=Bloomberg}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://travel.cnn.com/paramounts-first-movie-themed-resort-planned-dubai-288176 |title=Paramount's first resort under development in Dubai - CNN Travel |publisher=CNN}}</ref> - -== Production deals == -:'''Active''' -* [[Bad Robot Productions|Bad Robot]] (2006—) -* [[Di Bonaventura Pictures]] (2003-) -* Disruption Entertainment (2011-) -* [[Fake Empire Productions]] (2011-) -* [[Jerry Bruckheimer Films]]<ref name=lat>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=Daniel |title=Jerry Bruckheimer looks at Paramount reboot |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-et-ct-bruckheimer-paramount-deal-20131207,0,130045.story |accessdate=December 9, 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 7, 2013}}</ref> (1983-1990; 2014-) -* [[The Montecito Picture Company]] -* [[Platinum Dunes]] -* [[Plan B Entertainment]] (2005-) -* [[Skydance Productions]] (2011-)<ref name=thr>{{cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Jay A. |title=The State of the Studio Deals: Who's Doing What Where |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/studio-deals-disney-dreamworks-fox-paramount-254269 |accessdate=July 16, 2012 |newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter |date=October 27, 2011 |page=1 |author2=Borys Kit |author3=Pamela McClintock}}</ref> (2010-) -:'''Former''' -* [[Cruise/Wagner Productions]] (-2011) -* [[Gary Sanchez Productions]] (-2011)<ref name=thr/> -* [[DreamWorks Animation]] (2006-2012) -* [[Marvel Studios]] (2008-2011)<ref name=lat/><ref>{{cite news|first=Kim|last=Masters|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-distribute-marvels-avengers-iron-31061|title=Disney to Distribute Marvel's 'The Avengers,' 'Iron Man 3'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=October 18, 2010|accessdate=October 18, 2010| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20140103024206/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-distribute-marvels-avengers-iron-31061 | archivedate = January 3, 2014| deadurl=no}}</ref> - -== Logo == -[[File:DarioCampanile.Paramount.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Artist Dario Campanile poses with a picture Paramount commissioned him to paint for its 75th anniversary in 1987. The company later used the painting as a basis for its new logo introduced later that year.]] - -[[File:Paramount Pictures logo (2002).jpg|right|250px|thumb|For its 90th anniversary, Paramount adopted the logo shown here. In 2012, it was used in tandem with the current one. This picture shows the 2010 modification of the logo to include [[Viacom]]'s new byline introduced in 2006. The first movie to use the new Viacom byline was ''[[Iron Man 2]]''.]] - -The distinctively pyramidal Paramount mountain has been the company's logo since its inception and is the oldest surviving Hollywood film logo. In the sound era, the logo was accompanied by a fanfare called ''[[Paramount on Parade]]'' after the film of the same name, released in 1930. The words to the fanfare, originally sung in the 1930 film, were "Proud of the crowd that will never be loud, it's Paramount on Parade." - -Legend has it that the mountain is based on a doodle made by [[W. W. Hodkinson]] during a meeting with [[Adolph Zukor]]. It is said to be based on the memories of his childhood in [[Utah]]. Some claim that Utah's [[Ben Lomond Mountain (Utah)|Ben Lomond]] is the mountain Hodkinson doodled, and that Peru's [[Artesonraju]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150268/artesonraju.html |title=Artesonraju – Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering |publisher=SummitPost |accessdate=January 7, 2010}}</ref> is the mountain in the live-action logo, while others claim that the Italian side of [[Monte Viso|Monviso]] inspired the logo. Some editions of the logo bear a striking resemblance to the [[Pfeifferhorn]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.summitpost.org/trip-report/466312/wasatch-alpine-classic-north-ridge-pfeifferhorn-photo-trip-report-november-2008.html |title=Wasatch Alpine Classic |work=Summit Post |accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> another [[Wasatch Range]] peak. - -The motion picture logo has gone through many changes over the years: -* The logo began as a somewhat indistinct charcoal rendering of the mountain ringed with superimposed stars. The logo originally had twenty-four stars, as a tribute to the then current system of contracts for actors, since Paramount had twenty-four stars signed at the time. -* In movies of the late 1920s and early 1930s, the number of stars encircling the mountain sometimes varied. As an example, twenty-five stars are seen in the logo displayed at the end of the [[Marx Brothers]] film ''[[The Cocoanuts]]'' (1929), and twenty-three are visible at the beginning of ''[[Horse Feathers]]'' (1932). -* Starting in 1934 and lasting until 1943, opening Paramount logos that appeared before color cartoons would have a byline at the bottom of the mountain. This was due to Max Fleischer's stereoptical process which placed animated cels in front of three-dimensional backgrounds. From 1934 to 1937, it read "PATENT PENDING FOR SPECIAL PROCESSES USED IN THIS PRODUCTION". Once Max Fleischer received his patent for the process in 1937, the opening byline read "STEREOPTICAL PROCESS AND APPARATUS PATENT NO. 2054414", and was even used on cartoons that did not utilize the process. In addition, starting in 1936, the ending logo would have the byline "in TECHNICOLOR", although some of the late 40's cartoons were produced in either Polacolor or Cinecolor. -* Many of the George Pal Puppetoons of the 1940s would utilize the Paramount "Pie" logo in the opening and ending title cards. -* From 1943 to 1957, the Popeye cartoons would open with the Paramount logo, then a spinning star where such character popped out of. The same effect was used for the Little Lulu and Little Audrey cartoons. For the Noveltoons, the Paramount logo is seen on a jack-in-the-box which pops out and reveals the name of the series, in this case, "Noveltoons". When Paramount started producing feature films in Vistavision in the mid-50's, the logos and credits on new cartoons were "sandwiched" to ensure they would fit on widescreens. -* In 1951, the logo was redesigned as a [[matte painting]] created by [[Jan Domela]]. -* A newer, more realistic-looking logo debuted in 1953 for Paramount films made in 3D. It was reworked in early-to-mid 1954 for Paramount films made in [[widescreen]] process [[VistaVision]]. The text ''VistaVision – Motion Picture High Fidelity'' was often imposed over the Paramount logo briefly before dissolving into the [[title sequence]]. In early 1968, the text "A Paramount Picture/Release" was shortened to "Paramount", and the byline ''A Gulf+Western Company'' appeared on the bottom. The logo was given yet another modification in 1974, with the number of stars being reduced to 22, and the Paramount text and Gulf+Western byline appearing in different fonts. -* A stylized version of the mountain was featured in Cecil B. DeMille's ''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]''. The mountain retained its conical shape but with a red granite tone and a more angular summit under a red clouded sky to suggest the appearance of Mount Sinai for this single motion picture. Its circle of stars faded in with the announcement: "Paramount Presents – A [[Cecil B. DeMille]] Production." -* In September 1975, the logo was simplified in a shade of blue, adopting the modified design of the 1968 print logo, which was in use for many decades afterward. -* The studio launched an entirely new logo in December 1986 with [[computer-generated imagery]] of a lake and stars. This version of the Paramount logo was designed by Dario Campanile and animated by Apogee, Inc; for this logo, the stars would move across the screen into the arc shape instead of it being superimposed over the mountain as it was before. The first film to use this logo was ''[[The Golden Child]]'', released on December 12, 1986, and the last film to use this logo was ''[[Crossroads (2002 film)|Crossroads]]'', released on February 15, 2002; the last releases overall to use this logo were the VHS compilations ''[[Rugrats]] Mysteries'' and ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]: Bikini Bottom Bash'', both released on January 28, 2003, although it does appear on some pressings of the VHS release of ''[[Blue's Clues]]: Blue's Big Band'', released on February 4, 2003.<ref name="closinglogos.com">http://www.closinglogos.com/page/Paramount+Pictures</ref> When Gulf + Western became Paramount Communications, and continuing until 2002, the Paramount logo would appear first followed by the underline and the byline beneath it. The Viacom variation of the logo has been a particular staple of logo plastering for the studio's films whenever they were released on video or aired on television in the early stages of that company's ownership of the studio.<ref name="closinglogos.com"/> An enhanced version of this logo debuted on June 30, 1999 with ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut]]''. -* In March 2002, an updated logo was introduced in which shooting stars would fall from a night sky to form the arc while the Paramount logo would fly into place between them. An enhanced version of this logo debuted with ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' on May 7, 2010. The south col area of [[Mount Everest]] became the primary basis. The music is accompanied by ''Paramount on Parade''. -* On December 16, 2011, an updated logo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deadline.com/2011/12/paramount-unveils-100th-anniversary-logo/ |title=Paramount Unveils New Logo As Part Of 100th Anniversary Celebration |publisher=Deadline |date=2011-12-14 |accessdate=2015-06-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/mission-impossible-ghost-protocol-paramount-anniversary-logo-273798 |title=Hollywood Reporter – Paramount Pictures Release 100th Anniversary Logo |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=December 14, 2011 |accessdate=March 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-unveils-new-logo-in-celebration-of-the-studio%27s-100th-anniversary |title=Press Release – Paramount Pictures Unveils New Logo in Celebration of the Studio's 100th Anniversary |publisher=Paramount.com |accessdate=March 31, 2012}}</ref> was introduced with animation done by Devastudios, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.devastudios.com/ |title=Devastudios – Paramount Pictures |publisher=Devastudios.com |accessdate=March 31, 2012}}</ref> The new logo includes a surrounding mountain range and the sun shining in the background. [[Michael Giacchino]] composed the logo's new fanfare. +why did you cough is the theme to paramount pictures -== Visiting Paramount == -Those wishing to visit Paramount can take studio tours, which are offered seven days a week. Reservations are required, and can be made by visiting the tour website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paramountstudiotour.com/ |title=Paramount Pictures Studio Tour - Hollywood - Movie Studio Tours |publisher=Paramountstudiotour.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-17}}</ref> The tour offers a behind-the-scenes look at the current operations of the studio, and what can be seen varies day to day. Most of the buildings on the tour are named for historical Paramount executives or the artists that worked at Paramount over the years. Many of the stars' dressing rooms have been converted into working offices. The stages where ''[[Samson and Delilah (1949 film)|Samson and Delilah]], [[Sunset Boulevard (film)|Sunset Blvd.]]'', ''[[White Christmas (film)|White Christmas]]'', ''[[Rear Window]]'', ''[[Sabrina (1954 film)|Sabrina]]'', ''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)|Breakfast at Tiffany's]]'', and many other classic films were shot are still in use today. The studio's backlot set, "New York Street", features numerous blocks of facades that depict a number of New York locales: "Washington Square", (where some scenes in ''[[The Heiress]]'', starring [[Olivia de Havilland]], were shot) "Brooklyn", "Financial District", and others. Led by a guide on a golf cart, the tour takes approximately two hours. +==== Lyrics ==== +cough cough cough cough -==Film Library== -A few years after the ruling of the United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc. case in 1948, Music Corporation of America (MCA) approached Paramount offering $50 million for 750 sound feature films released prior to December 1, 1949 with payment to be spread over a period of several years. Paramount saw this as a bargain since the fleeting movie studio saw very little value in its library at the time. To address any anti-trust concerns, MCA set up EMKA, Ltd. as a dummy corporation to sell these films to television. EMKA's/Universal Pictures library includes the five Paramount Marx Brothers films, most of the Bob Hope-Bing Crosby Road to... pictures, and other classics such as Trouble in Paradise, Shanghai Express, She Done Him Wrong, Sullivan's Travels, The Palm Beach Story, For Whom The Bell Tolls, Double Indemnity, The Lost Weekend and The Heiress. +why did you cough -==Highest-grossing films== -{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto; margin:auto;" -|+Highest-grossing films -|- -! Rank!! Title !! Year !! Domestic gross !! Notes -|- -! 1 -| ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]''* -| [[1997 in film|1997]] -| $658,672,302 -| Distributed internationally by [[20th Century Fox]]. -|- -! 2 -| ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]'' -| [[2009 in film|2009]] -| $402,111,870 -|| Distributed internationally by [[DreamWorks Pictures]]. -|- -! 3 -| ''[[Transformers: Dark of the Moon]]'' -| [[2011 in film|2011]] -| $352,390,543 -|| -|- -! 4 -| ''[[Forrest Gump (1994 film)|Forrest Gump]]''* -| [[1994 in film|1994]] -| $330,252,182 -| -|- -! 5 -| ''[[Shrek the Third]]'' -| [[2007 in film|2007]] -| $322,719,944 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 6 -| ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]'' -| [[2007 in film|2007]] -| $319,246,193 -| Distributed internationally by [[DreamWorks Pictures]]. -|- -! 7 -| ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'' -| [[2008 in film|2008]] -| $318,412,101 -| Distribution only; produced by [[Marvel Studios]]. Distribution rights were transferred to the [[The Walt Disney Studios (division)|Walt Disney Studios]] in 2013.<ref name=ParMarvel>{{cite news|last=Tadena|first=Nathalie|title=Disney Acquires Distribution Rights to Four Marvel Films From Paramount|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20130702-709529.html|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=July 2, 2013}}</ref> -|- -! 8 -| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' -| [[2008 in film|2008]] -| $317,101,119 -| -|- -! 9 -| ''[[Iron Man 2]]'' -| [[2010 in film|2010]] -| $312,433,331 -| Distribution only; produced by Marvel Studios. Distribution rights were transferred to the Walt Disney Studios in 2013.<ref name=ParMarvel/> -|- -! 10 -| ''[[Star Trek (2009 film)|Star Trek]]'' -| [[2009 in film|2009]] -| $257,730,019 -| -|- -! 11 -| ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''* -| [[1981 in film|1981]] -| $248,159,971 -| Later retitled ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark''. -|- -! 12 -| ''[[Transformers: Age of Extinction]]'' -| [[2014 in film|2014]] -| $245,439,076 -|| -|- -! 13 -| ''[[Shrek Forever After]]'' -| [[2010 in film|2010]] -| $238,736,787 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 14 -| ''[[Beverly Hills Cop]]'' -| [[1984 in film|1984]] -| $234,760,478 -| -|- -! 15 -| ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' -| [[2005 in film|2005]] -| $234,280,354 -| Distributed internationally by [[DreamWorks Pictures]]. -|- -! 16 -| ''[[Star Trek Into Darkness]]'' -| [[2013 in film|2013]] -| $228,778,661 -| -|- -! 17 -| ''[[Ghost (1990 film)|Ghost]]'' -| [[1990 in film|1990]] -| $217,631,306 -| -|- -! 18 -| ''[[How to Train Your Dragon]]'' -| [[2010 in film|2010]] -| $217,581,231 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 19 -| ''[[Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted]]'' -| [[2012 in film|2012]] -| $216,391,482 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 20 -| ''[[Kung Fu Panda]]'' -| [[2008 in film|2008]] -| $215,434,591 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 21 -| ''[[Mission: Impossible II]]'' -| [[2000 in film|2000]] -| $215,409,889 -| -|- -! 22 -| ''[[Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol]]'' -| [[2011 in film|2011]] -| $209,397,903 -| -|- -! 23 -| ''[[World War Z (film)|World War Z]]'' -| [[2013 in film|2013]] -| $202,359,711 -| -|- -! 24 -| ''[[Monsters vs. Aliens]]'' -| [[2009 in film|2009]] -| $198,351,526 -| Distribution only. Owned and produced by [[DreamWorks Animation]]. -|- -! 25 -| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' -| [[1989 in film|1989]] -| $197,171,806 -| -|} +why did you cough -* Includes theatrical reissue(s). +cough cough cough cough cough cough -== Film series == -{| class="wikitable sortable" -|- -! Title -! Release date -! Notes -|- -| ''[[The War of the Worlds (1953 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' || 1953-2005 || co-production with [[George Pal]], [[Amblin Entertainment]], and [[DreamWorks Pictures]] -|- -| ''[[The Godfather (film series)|The Godfather]]'' || 1972–1990 || -|- -| ''[[The Bad News Bears]]'' || 1976–2005 || -|- -| ''[[Star Trek (film franchise)|Star Trek]]'' || 1979–present || -|- -| ''[[Friday the 13th (franchise)|Friday the 13th]]'' || 1980–1989; 2009–present || co-production with [[New Line Cinema]] -|- -| ''[[Indiana Jones (franchise)|Indiana Jones]]'' || 1981–2008 || co-production with [[Lucasfilm]] -|- -| ''[[Beverly Hills Cop (film series)|Beverly Hills Cop]]'' || 1984–present || -|- -| ''[["Crocodile" Dundee]]'' || 1986–2001 || -|- -| ''[[Jack Ryan (film series)|Jack Ryan]]'' || 1990–present || -|- -| ''[[The Addams Family]]'' || 1991-1993 || co-production with [[Orion Pictures]] -|- -| ''[[Mission: Impossible (film series)|Mission: Impossible]]'' || 1996–present || -|- -| ''[[Rugrats (film series)|Rugrats]]'' || 1998–2003 || co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[Klasky Csupo]] -|- -| ''[[Jackass (TV series)|Jackass]]'' || 2000–present || co-production with [[MTV Films]] and [[Dickhouse Productions]] -|- -| ''[[Tomb Raider#Films|Lara Croft Tomb Raider]]'' || 2001–present || co-production with [[Mutual Film Company]], [[BBC Films]], and [[Warner Bros.]] -|- -| ''[[Zoolander]]'' || 2001–present || co-production with [[Village Roadshow Pictures]] -|- -| ''[[The Wild Thornberrys]]'' || 2002–2003 || co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[Klasky Csupo]] -|- -| ''[[Anchorman (film)|Anchorman]]'' || 2004–present || originally distributed by [[DreamWorks Pictures]] until 2008 -|- -| ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' movies || 2004–present || co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]] and [[United Plankton Pictures]] -|- -| ''[[Transformers (film series)|Transformers]]'' || 2007–present || co-production with [[Hasbro]], [[di Bonaventura Pictures]] and [[DreamWorks Pictures]] -|- -| ''[[Paranormal Activity (film series)|Paranormal Activity]]'' || 2007–2015 || -|- -| ''[[Marvel Cinematic Universe]]'' || 2008–2011 || co-production with [[Marvel Studios]]; Paramount's logo appeared in ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' and ''[[Iron Man 3]]'' promotional materials and merchandise, despite being distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Stewart |first=Andrew |title=Paramount's Super Payoff for 'Iron Man 3′ |url=http://variety.com/2013/film/news/iron-man-3-paramount-disney-1200479325/ |accessdate=July 27, 2013 |newspaper=Variety |date=May 10, 2013}}</ref> -|- -| ''[[G.I. Joe (film series)|G.I. Joe]]'' || 2009–present || co-production with [[Hasbro]], [[Skydance Productions]] and [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]]; formerly [[Spyglass Entertainment]] -|- -| ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' || 2011–present || co-production with [[Nickelodeon Movies]], [[Columbia Pictures]], [[The Kennedy/Marshall Company]], [[WingNut Films]] and [[Amblin Entertainment]] -|- -| ''[[Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (film series)|Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles]]'' || 2014–present || -|- -| ''[[Terminator (franchise)|Terminator]]'' || 2015–present || co-production with [[Skydance Productions]] -|} +why did you cough cough cough cough -== See also == -{{Portal|Film in the United States|Companies|Greater Los Angeles}} -* [[DreamWorks]] -* [[List of Paramount executives]] -* [[List of Paramount Pictures films]] -* [[List of television series produced by Paramount Television]] +cough cough cough cough -== Notes == -<references group="note" /> +why did you cough -== References == -{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} +==== Trivia ==== +sometimes there is a rhysail in the lyrics -== Further reading == -* [[A. Scott Berg|Berg, A. Scott]]. ''Goldwyn''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989. -* DeMille, Cecil B. ''Autobiography''. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1959. -* Dick, Bernard F. ''Engulfed: the death of Paramount Pictures and the birth of corporate Hollywood''. Lexington, Kentucky: University of Press Kentucky Scholarly, 2001. -* Eames, John Douglas, with additional text by Robert Abele. ''The Paramount Story: The Complete History of the Studio and Its Films''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002. -* [[Robert Evans (producer)|Evans, Robert]]. ''[[The Kid Stays in the Picture]]''. New York: Hyperion Press, 1994. -* [[Neal Gabler|Gabler, Neal]]. ''[[An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood]]''. New York: Crown Publishers, 1988. -* Lasky, Jesse L. with Don Weldon, ''I Blow My Own Horn''. Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1957. -* Mordden, Ethan. ''The Hollywood Studios''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988. -* Schatz, Thomas. ''The Genius of the System.'' New York: Pantheon, 1988. -* Sklar, Robert. ''Movie-Made America''. New York: Vintage, 1989. -* Zukor, Adolph, with Dale Kramer. ''The Public Is Never Wrong: The Autobiography of Adolph Zukor.'' New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1953. +==== Videography ==== -== External links == -{{Commons category|Paramount Pictures}} -* {{Official website}} -* {{URL|www.insurgepictures.com|Insurge Pictures}} division. -* {{IMDb company|0023400|Paramount Pictures}} -* {{MHL catalog |68287}} -* [http://archives.nypl.org/the/22683 Leo Morgan Paramount Publix and Strand Theatre materials, 1926-1947], held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, [[New York Public Library for the Performing Arts]] -{{Film Studio}} -{{Viacom}} -{{Fleischer Studios}} -{{Famous Studios}} +# race for your life charlie brown trailer +# starting over +# airplane trailer +# hot pursuit +# fatal attraction +# crocidille dundee +# pet sementary +# black rain +# almost an angel +# waynes world +# event horizon +# grease(sometimes) +# mission impossible 2 trailer +# mean girls +# the spongebob movie:sponge out of water -{{Authority control}} +=== Paramount Photos === -[[Category:Paramount Pictures| ]] -[[Category:Viacom subsidiaries]] -[[Category:Film production companies of the United States]] -[[Category:Companies established in 1912]] -[[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles, California]] -[[Category:Landmarks in California]] -[[Category:Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average]] -[[Category:Film distributors of the United States]] +<gallery> +Famous Players Film Company.jpg|This is a logo owned by Paramount Pictures for Famous Players Film Company. Further details: Corporate logo of The Famous Players Film Company +Paramount Pictures logo, 1915.png|The logo used from 1914 to 1915. +Paramount logo 1914.jpg|Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder [[William Wadsworth Hodkinson]], from 1921 to 1927. +ParamountLogo1930s.JPG|The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and Popeye shorts. +Paramount Pictures logo.png|The 1952-1954 logo. +Paramount Pictures (Gulf+Western) logo.jpg|Paramount's logo from 1953–1975. The [[Gulf and Western Industries|Gulf+Western]] byline was introduced following the company's purchase of Paramount. The variant shown here was used in the first three [[Indiana Jones]] films, released in 1968. +File:DarioCampanile.Paramount.jpg|Artist Dario Campanile poses with a picture Paramount commissioned him to paint for its 75th anniversary in 1987. this painting was also used for the commications logo and the viacom logo. the last film to use this painting was teletubbies:naughty noo noo. +File:Paramount Pictures logo (2002).jpg|For its 90th anniversary, Paramount adopted the logo shown here. the first movie to use this logo was jimmy neurton: bow genius(2001) In 2012, it was used in tandem with the current one. This picture shows the 2010 modification of the logo to include [[Viacom]]'s new byline introduced in 2006. The first movie to use the new Viacom byline was Blues Room Freds Birthday and it had the missing blues clues epsiode:the fairly tale ball and it was blocked by viacom and when you got it it had the wrong vhs and it had a old vhs sticker, 2000 reprint and it had the viacom logo under the paramount logo just like in your baby videos +File:Paramount Pictures logo (2013).jpg|This logo was used since 2012 +</gallery> '