Examine individual changes

'{{Expand list|date=February 2011}} {{main|History of Montana}} [[File:Map of USA MT.svg|thumb|right|250px|State of Montana]] This is a '''list of notable figures in the history of pre-territorial Montana, [[Montana Territory]] and the state of [[Montana]].''' Individuals listed played significant roles in the exploration and settlement of the region as well as the cultural, economic, military, political, and social development of Montana. Montana is a [[U.S. state|state]] located in the [[Western United States]]. Added to the U.S. in 1803 and shortly thereafter explored by [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark]], the territory was home to numerous [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American peoples]] for millennia. In the mid-19th century the [[Gold rush|discovery of gold]] and other valuable minerals led to successive mining booms. Settlement by farmers and ranchers expanded as railroads raced to build networks of tracks linking Montana to Utah to the south, Minneapolis to the east, and Seattle to the west. Montana produced numerous important politicians from both political parties, as well as entrepreneurs who founded cities and built large mining, timber, cattle and other related industries. Individuals have been placed in the period in which they most contributed to Montana history. ==Pre-territorial period== [[File:Pierre-Jean De Smet - Brady-Handy.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Pierre-Jean De Smet]] * [[William Clark (explorer)]], leader of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] (1804–1806) * [[Meriwether Lewis]], leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) * [[John Mullan (road builder)|Lieutenant John Mullan]], (1830–1909), supervised the building of the first wagon road across the northern Rocky Mountains in 1859–1860 from [[Fort Benton, Montana]] to [[Walla Walla, Washington]], the [[Mullan Road]]. * [[Henry Plummer]], (1832–1864) served as sheriff of [[Bannack, Montana]], from May 24, 1863 until January 10, 1864, when he was hanged without trial by the [[Montana Vigilantes|Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch]] * [[Sacagawea]], Indian guide for Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) * Father [[Pierre-Jean De Smet]] (30 January 1801 – 23 May 1873), also known as Pieter-Jan De Smet, was a Belgian Roman Catholic priest and member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), active in missionary work among the Native Americans of Western Montana in the mid-19th century. ==Montana Territory (1864–1889)== [[File:JohnBozeman.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Portrait of John Bozeman<ref>{{cite book |last=Hebard |first=Grace Raymond |author2=Brininstool, E.A. |title=The Bozeman Trail-Historical Accounts of the Blazing of the Overland Routes into the Northwest, and the Fights with Red Cloud's Warriors – Volume II |publisher=Arthur H. Clark Company |location=Cleveland |year=1922 |nopp=true |page=frontispiece}}</ref>]] The '''Territory of Montana''' was an [[organized incorporated territory of the United States]] that existed from May 28, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted to the [[United States|Union]] as the [[State of Montana]]. This era was characterized by fighting between the Plains Indians and the U.S. Army, large-scale mining operations, large cattle up ranching operations, and the arrival of the railroads. * [[John M. Bozeman]], (1835–1867). In 1863, he and John Jacobs blazed the [[Bozeman Trail]], a cutoff route from the [[Oregon Trail]] in [[Wyoming]] to [[Bannack, Montana]], and guided miners to Virginia City through the [[Gallatin Valley]]. In 1864, he laid out the town of [[Bozeman, Montana]]. [[File:WilliamClagett2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|William H. Clagett]] * [[William Horace Clagett]] (1838–1901) was Montana Territorial Congressman (1871–1872) and introduced the ''Act of Dedication'' bill into Congress that ultimately led to the creation of [[Yellowstone National Park]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden and the Founding of the Yellowstone National Park |location=Washington, D.C |publisher=United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey, U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1973}}</ref> * Lt. Colonel [[George Armstrong Custer]], (1839–1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars. Defeated and killed during the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn]] in Southeast Montana. Custer's defeat made him one of the most famous military figures in American history. * Captain [[Gustavus Cheyney Doane]], (1840–1892) was a U.S. Army Cavalry Captain, explorer, inventor and Civil War soldier who played a prominent role in the exploration of [[Yellowstone]] as a member of the [[Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition]] in 1871.<ref name="BonneyPartI">{{cite book |last=Bonney |first=Orrin H. |author2=Bonney, Lorraine |title=Battle Drums and Geysers-The Life And Journals Of Lt. Gustavus Cheyney Doane, Soldier And Explorer Of The Yellowstone And Snake River Regions |publisher=Swallow Press |location=Chicago |year=1970 |pages=3–158}}</ref> * [[Nathaniel P. Langford]], member of the [[Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition]] to [[Yellowstone]] in 1871 and [[Virginia City, Montana]] [[vigilante]]. * General [[Nelson A. Miles]] (1839–1925) was an American soldier who served in the [[American Civil War]], [[Indian Wars]], and the [[Spanish–American War]]. His command was responsible for the capture of [[Chief Joseph]] in the [[Bear Paw Mountains]] that concluded the [[Nez Perce War]] of 1877. * [[Thomas C. Power]] (1839–1923) was a pioneer businessman and politician who lived in Fort Benton from 1867–1876 and then in Helena. He built a mercantile empire with [[T.C. Power and Bro]]thers and served a term as one of [[List of United States Senators from Montana|Montana's first U.S. Senators]] from 1890–1895. * [[Wilbur F. Sanders]], (1834–1905) frontier lawyer, founding member of the Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch and first U.S. Senator from the state of Montana. * [[Granville Stuart]], (1834–1918) was a pioneer, gold prospector, businessman, civic leader, author, cattleman and diplomat who played a prominent role in the early history of Montana Territory and the state of Montana.<ref name="Milner">{{cite book |last=Milner |first=Clyde A. |author2=O'Conner, Carol A. |title=As Big As The West-The Pioneer Life of Granville Stuart |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-19-512709-6}}</ref> * [[James Stuart (Montana)|James Stuart]], (1832–1873; brother of Granville) was a gold prospector, pioneer, businessman, explorer and Indian agent who played a prominent role in the settlement of [[Montana Territory]].<ref name="BonneyPartI" /> * [[Henry D. Washburn]], Surveyor General of Montana Territory and leader of the [[Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition]] to [[Yellowstone]] in 1871. * [[Lester S. Willson]], (1839–1919) [[U.S. Civil War]] officer and merchant and politician from [[Bozeman, Montana]]. ==Montana statehood to World War II (1889&ndash;1945)== * [[Evelyn Cameron]] (1868–1928) was a [[Terry, Montana]] based [[photographer]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Lucey |first=Donna M. |title=Photographing Montana 1894-1928: The Life and Work of Evelyn Cameron |publisher=Mountain Press Publishing |location=Missoula, Montana |year=2001 |isbn=0-87842-425-3 }}</ref> * [[William Andrews Clark]], Sr. (1839–1925) was an American politician and entrepreneur, involved with mining, banking and railroads. He known as one of the three "[[Copper Kings]]" of [[Butte, Montana]] and was also a U.S. Senator from Montana. * [[Marcus Daly]], (1841–1900) was an Irish-born American businessman known as one of the three "[[Copper Kings]]" of [[Butte, Montana]]. * [[Paris Gibson]], (1830–1920), was an entrepreneur and Montana politician who founded [[Great Falls, Montana]]. * [[George Bird Grinnell]] (1849–1938) was an [[anthropologist]], [[historian]], [[natural history|naturalist]], and writer who was instrumental in the establishment of [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]]. * [[James Jerome Hill]], (1838–1916), was a [[Canadian-American]] railroad executive based in St. Paul, Minnesota. He headed a group of lines especiall the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]], which served Montana and a substantial area of the Upper [[midwestern United States|Midwest]], the northern [[Great Plains]], and [[Pacific Northwest]]. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as '''The Empire Builder.''' * [[Joseph Kinsey Howard]], (1906–1951) was a journalist and historian who wrote about the history, culture, and economic circumstances of Montana and the West. Howard's landmark 1943 book, ''Montana: High, Wide, and Handsome'' is an animated account of Montana history that has influenced later generations of historians. * [[Charles Marion Russell]], (1864 &ndash; 1926) was an [[artist]] of the [[American Old West|Old American West]]. Russell created more than 2,000 paintings of cowboys, Indians, and landscapes set in Montana in addition to bronze sculptures. Known as 'the cowboy artist',<ref>http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=8351 Retrieved 22-07-2009</ref> Russell was also a storyteller and author. The [[C. M. Russell Museum Complex]] located in [[Great Falls, Montana]] houses more than 2,000 Russell artworks, personal objects, and artifacts. * [[Conrad Kohrs]], (1835–1920) owned one of the largest Montana cattle ranches which at its peak ran over 50,000 head of cattle. * [[Harvey Logan]] (1867–1904), also known as '''Kid Curry''', was a notorious Montana [[outlaw]] and [[gunfighter|gunman]] who ran with [[Butch Cassidy]] and the [[Sundance Kid]]'s infamous [[Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch|Wild Bunch]] gang. He killed at least nine law enforcement officers in five different shootings, and another two men in other instances, and was involved in several shootouts with posses and civilians during his outlaw days. [[File:Rankin-Jeannette-170227.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Jeanette Rankin, February 1917, just before becoming the first woman in Congress]] * [[Jeannette Pickering Rankin]], (1880–1973) was the first woman in the [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]], elected statewide in 1916 and again in 1940. A lifelong [[pacifist]], she voted against the entry of the United States into both [[World War I]] and [[World War II]], the only member of Congress to vote against the latter. To date, she is the only woman to be elected to Congress from [[Montana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://womenincongress.house.gov/member-profiles/profile.html?intID=202 |title=Women in Congress-Jeannette Rankin |accessdate=2010-09-08}}</ref> * [[James Willard Schultz]], or ''Apikuni'', (1859–1947) was a noted author, explorer, [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]] guide, and historian of the [[Blackfoot Indians]].<ref name=Hanna>{{cite book |last=Hanna |first=Warren L. |title=Stars over Montana-Men Who Made Glacier National Park History |publisher=Glacier Natural History Association |location= West Glacier, MT |year=1988 |oclc=19568576|chapter=James Willard Schultz-The Pikuni Storyteller|pages=95–111}}</ref> Schultz is most noted for his prolific stories about Blackfoot life and his contributions to the naming of prominent features in Glacier National Park. * [[John Frank Stevens]] (1853–1943) was an [[engineer]] who built the [[Great Northern Railway (U.S.)|Great Northern Railway]] and the first [[European American]] to discover the [[Marias Pass]] over the [[Continental Divide]] in 1889. ==Modern Montana (1945–2000)== * [[George F. Grant]], (1906–2008) was an [[fisherman|angler]], author and conservationist from [[Butte, Montana]]. He was active for many years on the [[Big Hole River]].<ref>{{cite web |title=George Francis Grant (1906–2008): fly tyer, environmentalist, founder |url=http://ecorover.blogspot.com/2008/12/george-francis-grant-1906-2008-fly-tyer.html |accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref> In 1988 Grant established the Big Hole Foundation to focus conservation efforts on the river he had saved through his earlier conservation activities. * [[A. B. Guthrie, Jr.]], (1901–1991) was a [[novelist]], [[historian]], and [[literature|literary]] historian who won the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for [[fiction]] in 1950 for his ''[[The Way West]]'' dealing with the [[Oregon Trail]] and the development of Montana. * [[Mike Mansfield|Michael Joseph Mansfield]], (1903–2001) was a politician and the longest-serving [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Majority Leader of the United States Senate]], serving from 1961 to 1977. Mansfield represented the state of Montana throughout his political career. * [[Lee Metcalf]] (1911–1978) was a politician from the Democratic Party who represented Montana in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1953–1961 and the U.S. Senate from 1961–1978. He was a noted supporter of [[Environmentalism|environmental]] and liberal social legislation during his time in Congress. * [[James E. Murray]] (1876–1961) was a [[United States Senate|United States Senator]], and a leader of the [[History of the Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. He served in the United States Senate from 1934 until 1961. * [[Kenneth Ross Toole]], (1920–1981) was an [[historian]], [[author]], and [[educator]] who specialized in the history of [[Montana]]. Perhaps the best-known and most influential of the state's 20th-century historians, Toole served as director of the state's historical society, authored several noted volumes of state history and social commentary, and was a popular professor at the [[University of Montana]] for 16 years. ==Montana (21st century)== * [[Max Baucus]], (1941–present) is a politician and was the longest serving [[U.S. Senator]] from Montana (1978 to 2014). He is currently the U.S. Ambassador to China. * [[Brian Schweitzer]], (1955–present) was an international [[agronomist]] and soil scientist and served as the 23rd [[Governor of Montana]] from 2005–2013. Schweitzer became the Chairman of the [[Stillwater Mining Company]] in 2013 and is also a political commentator. ==See also== *[[Montana in the American Civil War]] *[[Territorial evolution of Montana]] ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{Montana}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Notable Figures In Montana History}} [[Category:History of Montana| ]] [[Category:Lists of people by association|Montana History]] [[Category:Montana-related lists|People in history]] FUCKING RETARD'