Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{ad|date=August 2014}}', 1 => '{{Prose|date=September 2009}}', 2 => '[[Image:US-CommercialService-Logo.svg|150px|thumb|Official Logo of U.S. Commercial Service since 1995]]', 3 => '<!-- Please do not remove or change this Copyvio message until the issue is settled -->', 4 => '{{Nobots}}', 5 => '{{Copyviocore', 6 => '|url=Article history: COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY: THE NEXTWAVE APRIL 2005 / FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL (cites "Source: U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service, U.S. Department of Commerce", is this in turn copied from a US govt work?)', 7 => 'Article lead: https://ustr.gov/trade-topics/trade-toolbox/export-assistance', 8 => '|month = July', 9 => '|day = 13', 10 => '|year = 2015', 11 => '|time = 22:37', 12 => '|timestamp = 20150713223739}}', 13 => '<!-- Do not use the "Copyviocore" template directly; the above line is generated by "subst:Copyvio|url" -->', 14 => false, 15 => false, 16 => 'The '''United States Commercial Service''' ('''CS''') is the trade promotion arm of the U.S. [[Department of Commerce]]'s International Trade Administration, which helps U.S. companies succeed in markets around the world. Led by Acting Director General of the U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service and Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Global Markets Arun M. Kumar and located in 100 offices across the United States and in U.S. embassies and consulates in over 70 countries, the CS global network of trade professionals helps thousands of U.S. companies to export goods and services worth billions of [[US$|dollars]] every year. ', 17 => false, 18 => 'The impact of this work ripples throughout the U.S. economy—broadening and deepening the U.S. exporter base, removing obstacles to the export success of U.S. small- and medium-sized companies, advancing U.S. business interests abroad, attracting inbound investment and supporting job creation in the United States. In 2013, the CS helped in more than 18,000 export transactions in nearly 200 international markets worth billions of dollars. [http://www.trade.gov/cs Further information]', 19 => false, 20 => 'The CS helps small- and medium-sized American businesses increase international sales by providing:', 21 => false, 22 => '* Online and customized market research.', 23 => '* Support for U.S. exhibitors in selected overseas and domestic trade shows to attract qualified business partners.', 24 => '* Fee-based programs to introduce exporters of U.S. products to qualified buyers and distributors.', 25 => '* Individualized trade counseling and advocacy.', 26 => '* Training programs on subjects such as export documentation, export controls, and the basics of exporting.', 27 => false, 28 => 'The U.S. Commercial Service, through its Strategic Corporate Partnership program,<ref>http://www.export.gov/CSPartners/eg_main_017393.asp</ref> has Public Private Partnership agreements with 17 private organizations.', 29 => false, 30 => '==History==', 31 => 'Today's U.S. Commercial Service was foreshadowed in 1897 when the [[United States Department of State]] created the [[Bureau of Foreign Commerce]] and approved for the first time public distribution of diplomatic, consular and commercial reports. Also in 1897, [[U.S. Senator]] [[Albert J. Beveridge]] sounded a theme for the next century: "American factories are making more than the American people can use … fate has written our policy for us — the trade of the world must and shall be ours." Although many today may reject this rhetoric and espouse instead the mutual benefits of trade, the central role of trade in our politics and in our economic prosperity seems beyond question. ', 32 => false, 33 => ''''1903''' The short-lived [[United States Department of Commerce and Labor]] is established, subsuming the State Department's Bureau of Foreign Commerce and the Treasury Department's Bureau of Statistics.', 34 => false, 35 => ''''1911''' The [[Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce]], the predecessor of the [[International Trade Administration]], is created in the [[Department of Commerce and Labor]].', 36 => false, 37 => ''''1913''' The Departments of Commerce and Labor become separate departments.', 38 => false, 39 => ''''1927''' The Foreign Commerce Service is established by Act of Congress (March 3, 1927, [[Foreign and Domestic Commerce Act of 1927]], also called the Hoch Act, 44 Stat. 1394) "for promotion of foreign and domestic commerce." Trade [[commissioner]]s are granted diplomatic status and retitled "commercial attaches".', 40 => false, 41 => ''''1928''' Ms. Addie Viola Smith is appointed [[Trade Commissioner]] of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, assigned to [[Shanghai]]. Smith was the first female Trade Commissioner in the bureau, was paid comparably to her male peers, and received constant commendations on her work and diplomacy. Despite all this, she was still regarded as handicapped because of her gender.', 42 => false, 43 => ''''1939''' President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] abolishes the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and all other non-State Department foreign services. The commercial officers are reabsorbed into State.', 44 => false, 45 => ''''1979''' In June, President [[Jimmy Carter]] signs the "Trade Agreements Act of 1979," which transfers overseas commercial programs from the Department of State to Commerce.', 46 => false, 47 => ''''1980''' '''The Foreign Commercial Service''' is established under the U.S. [[Department of Commerce]]. The name is changed to the '''U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service''' in 1981 in order to emphasize the linkage of domestic and overseas operations under a single organizational purpose.', 48 => false, 49 => ''''1983''' As international trade fairs are privatized, the Commercial Service begins the Certified Trade Fair Program to', 50 => 'provide trade fair participants with a support network, a set of standards and official U.S. endorsement.', 51 => false, 52 => ''''1985''' The Matchmaker, one of the most popular Commercial Service programs, is launched. The program brings', 53 => 'small and medium-sized U.S. exporters into direct contact with foreign importers, resulting in hundreds of sales and contracts.', 54 => false, 55 => ''''1990''' The [[Gold Key Service]], conceived in the late 1980s by the Commercial Service in Paris, becomes widely available to U.S. exporters in 1990. The GKS offers U.S. exporters custom-tailored overseas services. Today, the Gold Key Service is available in 104 countries and averages over 1,000 meetings per year.', 56 => false, 57 => ''''1992''' Funding from the 1992 [[Freedom Support Act]] and USAID helps create [[American Business Center]]s. The ABCs are designed to operate in the developing markets of Russia and the Newly Independent States to stimulate economic growth and create jobs in the U.S.', 58 => false, 59 => ''''1993''' The [[U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership]] is formed. Working with USAID, the Commercial Service launches the', 60 => 'USAEP program to focus U.S. government resources on the quickly growing environmental products and services sector, in which U.S. companies excel.', 61 => false, 62 => ''''1994''' Four pilot [[U.S. Export Assistance Center|U.S Export Assistance Centers]] open in [[Baltimore]], [[Chicago]], [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] and [[Miami]]. Today there are 106 USEACs throughout the nation that offer export counseling, market research, trade events and international finance solutions to U.S. exporters.', 63 => false, 64 => ''''1994''' The first [[Commarcial Center|Commercial Centers]] open in [[São Paulo]] in July, and [[Jakarta]] in November. Later, more centers open in Shanghai and Johannesburg. These facilities offer U.S. firms a place to take advantage of all Commercial Service programs and services, as well as rental office space, computers, fax and phone, and display space.', 65 => false, 66 => ''''1995''' The new Commercial Service's official logo is unveiled. The logo is suggestive of the flag of the United States in', 67 => 'motion. Three oversized stars represent the major components of the Commercial Service: the Office of International Operations; the Office of Domestic Operations; and Global Trade Programs.', 68 => false, 69 => ''''1995''' Commercial Service Teams are created to better leverage internal resources. Today, there are 18 Global Teams. Fourteen represent major industry sectors while four regionally focused teams concentrate on trade promotion in Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Africa/Middle East. The Global Teams network within the Commercial Service to bring together manpower and expertise from around the world to help US companies develop export markets. The 18 teams are as follows:', 70 => false, 71 => 'Aerospace & Defense, ANESA (Africa, Near East, S. Asia), Agribusiness, Asia/Pacific, Automotive & Transportation, Education & Training, Energy, Environmental Technology, Europe, Franchising, Healthcare Technology, Information & Communication Technology, Manufacturing, Publishing, Safety & Security, Textile & Apparel, Travel & Tourism, Trade Americas', 72 => false, 73 => ''''1995''' A [[United States Department of Commerce]] grant issued to the state of Georgia helps develop Commercial Service videoconferencing tools for client use. This service allows U.S. firms, especially those in rural areas, to meet with potential trading partners without the expense of international travel.', 74 => false, 75 => ''''1996''' The Commercial Service opens its first post in [[Hanoi]]. As the globalization phenomenon creates a new trading ethos, the Commercial Service helps U.S. businesses enter this and other developing markets.', 76 => false, 77 => ''''1998''' For the first time, an ambassadorship is offered to a member of the Commercial Service. George Mu, a senior commercial officer, accepts the position of ambassador to [[Côte d'Ivoire]] in 1998.', 78 => false, 79 => ''''1998''' The Commercial Service moves aggressively into the [[Internet]] world when it broadcasts its first webcast, "Mexico and Canada: Doing Business with our Friendly Neighbors." Webcasting becomes a popular method for delivering timely information to Commercial Service clients.', 80 => false, 81 => ''''1998''' The Embassy [[Nairobi]] bombing in August kills many people, and blinds Commercial Service Officer Ellen Bomer.', 82 => false, 83 => ''''1998''' The first [[Export Assistance Center]] located on Native American Tribal lands opens in [[Ontario, California]]. The [[San Manuel tribe|San Manuel]] tribe sees the EAC as a "future for our children." The partnership with the tribe is one of many efforts to assist underserved groups.', 84 => false, 85 => ''''2000''' The Commercial Service celebrates 20 years of successful U.S. export promotion.', 86 => false, 87 => ''''2000-2004''' Increasing U.S. Exports Through Trade Promotion: from 2000 to 2004 the USFCS helps companies create a yearly average of 11,613 export transactions. Of these successes, 90 percent are generated by small and medium-sized businesses. The USFCS Advocacy Center helps U.S. businesses generate an annual average of $134 million in export sales during this period. New Markets, New Challenges: USFCS responds to the changing global economy by focusing its resources on where U.S. companies want to be now, and where they need to be in the future. New offices are opened in [[Iraq]], China, Central America and sub-Saharan Africa. New One-Stop Shop for Trade Promotion at Commerce: In 2004, the USFCS assumes responsibility for all Commerce Department trade promotion activities. As a result of this reorganization, the USFCS now directs the Advocacy Center; the Trade Information Center; and Business Information Centers for China, the Middle East, the Newly Independent States and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Thanks to this consolidation, the USFCS network is now able to offer U.S. businesses a broader array of information and support services in the emerging markets of today', 88 => false, 89 => '==Gold Key Matching Service==', 90 => 'The Gold Key Matching Service is a fee-based service available to U.S.-based companies to introduce U.S.-made products to potential agents, distributors, [[sales representative]]s, association and government contacts, licensing or joint venture partners, end-users and other strategic business partners in the U.S. company's targeted [[export]] market. Typically the U.S. company makes application through their closest U.S. Export Assistance Center in the United States, which forwards the information about the client company and its products to one of the U.S. Commercial Service offices located in a U.S. [[embassy]] or [[consulate]] outside the United States. There, a commercial specialist, assistant or contractor under the supervision of a U.S. Commercial Service officer will research potential business partners, select the most promising according to such factors as matching [[product line]]s, reputation and country coverage, provide the U.S. company's representative with an appointment schedule of one or more days of one-on-one meetings in the foreign country, and accompany the U.S. representative to the meetings.', 91 => false, 92 => '==District Export Council==', 93 => ''''District Export Councils''' are closely affiliated with the U.S. Commercial Service's U.S. Export Assistance Centers. District Export Councils (DECs) are organizations of leaders from the local business community, appointed by various U.S. Secretaries of Commerce, whose knowledge of international business provides a source of professional advice for local firms. Closely affiliated with the Commerce Department’s Export Assistance Centers and the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service, the 60 DECs throughout the country support the U.S. Government’s export promotion efforts.', 94 => ' ', 95 => 'Currently there are about 1,500 DEC members who volunteer their time and specialized expertise to assist small and medium-sized businesses in their local communities establish or increase export sales, thus promoting our country’s economic growth and creating new and higher-paying jobs for their communities. DEC members also sponsor and participate in numerous trade promotion activities, as well as advocate for effective trade policy positions. In addition, DECs play a major role in the planning and coordination of export activities for their communities. ', 96 => ' ', 97 => '==National District Export Council==', 98 => false, 99 => 'The National District Export Council (NDEC) consists of 16 District Export Council members who have been elected to the NDEC by DEC members from each of the eight U.S. Commercial Service Networks. The mission of the National District Export Council is provide support and guidance for fulfillment of the mission of the DECs, and to facilitate communication between the DECs, between the DECs and the U.S. Department of Commerce, and between the DECs and the international business community and policymakers.', 100 => false, 101 => '==See also==', 102 => '* [[Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights]]', 103 => '* [[Doha Round]]', 104 => '* [[Generalized System of Preferences]]', 105 => '* [[International Trade Administration]]', 106 => '* [[International Trade Commission]]', 107 => '* [[Office of the United States Trade Representative]]', 108 => '* [[World Trade Organization]]', 109 => false, 110 => '==References==', 111 => '{{Reflist}}', 112 => false, 113 => '==External links==', 114 => '*[http://www.buyusa.gov/home/ U.S. Commercial Service homepage]', 115 => false, 116 => '[[Category:Government agencies established in 1927]]', 117 => '[[Category:United States Department of Commerce agencies|Commercial Service]]', 118 => false, 119 => '</div>' ]