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'{{Infobox settlement | name = Coastal Andhra | native_name = కోస్తా ఆంధ్ర | native_name_lang = te | other_name = Kostaa Andhra | nickname = | settlement_type = [[List of regions of India|Region of Andhra Pradesh]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = India Coastal Andhra locator map.svg | map_caption = Map of India with Andhra highlighted in red | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/andhrapradesh-factsheet.htm|title=Andhra Pradesh Fact Sheet|work=mapsofindia.com}}</ref> | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] | demographics1_title2 = Others | demographics1_info2 = | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +05:30 | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = Largest city | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Visakhapatnam]] | website = | footnotes = }} [[File:Coastal-districts1.png|thumb|Coastal Andhra Region at the time of formation of new Andhra Pradesh on June 02 2014]] [[File:Evening scenic view in peddipalem village of Visakhapatnam District.jpg|thumb|right|Evening scenic view in peddipalem village of [[Visakhapatnam District]]]] [[Image:Konaseema greenery 1.JPG|thumb|right|Lush green farms in East [[godavari]]]] '''Coastal Andhra''' ({{IAST|Kōstā āndhra}}), is a region in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. This region was part of [[Madras State]] before 1953 and [[Andhra State]] from 1953 to 1956. According to the 2011 census, it has an area of {{convert|92906|sqkm}} which is 57.99% of the total state area and a population of 34,193,868 which is 69.20% of [[Andhra Pradesh]] state population. This area includes the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh between the [[Eastern Ghats]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]], from the northern border with [[Odisha]] to south of the delta of the [[Krishna River]]. Coastal Andhra has rich agricultural land, owing to the delta of the [[Godavari]] and [[Krishna river]]s. The prosperity of Coastal Andhra can be attributed to its rich agricultural land and an abundant water supply from these two rivers. Rice grown in [[paddy field]]s is the main crop, with [[pulses]] and [[coconut]]s also being important. The fishing industry is also important to the region. ==History== [[File:Jain Tirthankara Image at Rockcut Caves of Ghanikonda in Ramatheertham.jpg|thumb|Jain [[Tirthankara]] Image at Rockcut Caves of Ghanikonda in [[Ramatheertham]]]] The state of Andhra emerged to a political power during the reign of Maurya Dynasty. [[Megasthenes]] mentioned that Andhra was a flourishing empire of the Satavahana's from the times before christ. Coastal Andhra was also ruled by the famous [[Chalukyas]] in between the period of the 7th Century and the 10th Century CE. This period was followed by the reign of many other dynasties such as the Cholas, the Kakatiyas as well as the Vijayanagar Empire. [[File:Antarvedi temple on the banks of Godavari in Andhra pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Antarvedi]] temple on the banks of [[Godavari]] in Andhra pradesh]] According to 11th century inscriptions, coastal Andhra is bounded by Mahendragiri mountains (in north-eastern border with [[Gajapati district]] of [[Orissa]]), [[Kalahasti]] temple (in [[Chittoor district]] near the border of [[Nellore district]]), [[Srisailam]] temple (in [[Kurnool district]] near the border of [[Mahbubnagar district]] and [[Prakasham district]]).<ref name="google">{{cite book|author=Austin Cynthia Talbot Assistant Professor of History and Asian Studies University of Texas|title=Precolonial India in Practice : Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&pg=PA36|date=23 August 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803123-9|pages=36–}}</ref> ==Geography== Coastal Andhra is located to the east of Telangana and Rayalaseema regions bordered by [[Odisha]] to the North and [[Rayalseema]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] to the south and Telangana to the west. The coastal line of this region is the second largest in India, extending 960&nbsp;km. The Gajapati and Ganjam districts of [[Odisha]] were granted to the French East India Company around 1752. Later they were transferred by the French to the British. Nellore, which extends as far as Ongole Taluk, was later received from the Nawab of Arcot, under an establishment. Some parts of present-day Nellore and Chitoor were in the hands of Venkatagiri Rajas. The British made an arrangement with the Raja of Venkatagiri in 1802 to claim power in those territories also. ===Diversity=== Currently, Coastal Andhra comprises nine districts. Coastal Andhra is rich in cultural and linguistic identities throughout the region. Coastal Andhra hosts six dialects of Telugu: Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Godavari, Krishna, Ongole and Nellore. Parts of this region are ruled by different rulers, leading to diversity within the region. Coastal Andhra in turn can be divided into Northern Region (Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam districts), Central Region (East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna and Guntur districts) and Southern Region (Prakasam and Nellore districts). Methods of food preparations, level of spice and compositions vary from each sub region. ==Demographics== The total area of the region is 92,906&nbsp;km² with a population of 34,193,868 as per 2011 census. The literacy rate stands at 63%. The main languages spoken is [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by majority. Other languages spoken are Hindi, English and Tamil are other languages.<ref>http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/1%20ADMINISTRATIVE%20AND%20GEOGRAPHICAL%20PROFILE.pdf</ref> ==Cultural and diversity== Coastal Andhra hosts six dialects of Telugu: Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Godavari, Krishna, Ongole and Nellore. Parts of this region are ruled by different rulers, leading to diversity within the region. And unique dialect of [[Dakhni]]/[[urdu]] spoken by local Muslim population that still holds much of old [[urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] vocabulary. ===Dance=== Classical dance in Andhra may be performed by both men and women; though women tend to learn it more commonly. [[Kuchipudi]] is the state's best-known classical dance form. It was born in the [[Kuchipudi]] village, of Krishna district, which is in the center of coastal Andhra. ===Cuisine=== Rice is the staple food in the Kosta cuisine and is usually consumed with a variety of curries and lentil soups or broths. Cuisine of Coastal Andhra is influenced by Sea Food varieties. Godavari and Krishna districts have numerous varieties of foods, which are famous through the state. Food varieties in some parts of Nellore and Prakasam are influenced by Rayalaseema. And delicacies of Muslim cuisine of local population throughout the region. ==Politics== Coastal Andhra contains nine districts:<ref name="Districts of Coastal Andhra">{{cite web | url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/andhrapradesh/districts/ | title=Districts of Coastal Andhra | publisher=mapsofindia | date=19 April 2014}}</ref> [[Srikakulam District|Srikakulam]], [[Vizianagaram District|Vizianagaram]], [[Visakhapatnam District|Visakhapatnam]], [[East Godavari]], [[West Godavari]], [[Krishna District|Krishna]], [[Guntur District|Guntur]], [[Prakasam District|Prakasam]] and [[Nellore District|Nellore]]. Chief Ministers from the region are: * [[Tanguturi Prakasam|Tanguturi Prakasam Panthulu]] - 1st Chief Minister of Andhra State ([[Prakasam district|Prakasam]]). * [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]] - 2nd Chief Minister of Andhra State ([[Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district|Nellore]]). * [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]] - 3rd Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]). * [[Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy]] - 8th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]). * [[N.T.Rama Rao]] - 10th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Krishna district|Krishna]]). * [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]] - 11th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]). * [[Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy]] - 12th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district|Nellore]]). * [[Konijeti Rosaiah|K.Rosaiah]] - 15th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh ([[Guntur District|Guntur]]). ==Major cities and towns in the region== [[File:Vizagcity.jpg|thumb|right|Overview of Visakhapatnam city]] * [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]], [[Rajahmundry]], [[Kakinada]], [[Nellore]], [[Vizianagaram]], [[Eluru]], [[Ongole]] * Other major towns in the region are [[Machilipatnam]], [[Gudivada]], [[Tenali]], [[Tadepalligudem]], [[Bhimavaram]], [[Amalapuram]], [[Srikakulam]], [[Narasaraopet]], [[Chilakaluripet]], [[Kandukur]], [[Palasa]] and [[Chirala]]. ==Tourism== ===Buddhist hub=== [[File:Gurubhaktulakonda Buddhist Monastery Remnants at Ramatheertham.jpg|thumb|Gurubhaktulakonda [[Buddhist]] Monastery Remnants at [[Ramatheertham]]]] Coastal Andhra is one of the major Buddhist hub's in India after the [[Gangetic plain]]s in [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]]. Many Remnants from large [[monasteries]] to small [[stupas]] are found in this region from [[Srikakulam district]] in the North to [[Nellore district]] in the south. The major Buddhist Remnant sites in this region are as [[Salihundam]], [[Ramatheertham]], [[Thotlakonda]], [[Bavikonda]], [[Bojjannakonda]], Kummarilova,<ref>{{cite web|author=B.V.S. Bhaskar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/buddhist-site-found-near-tuni/article2898357.ece |title=Buddhist site found near Tuni |publisher=The Hindu |date=2012-02-16 |accessdate=2013-07-29}}</ref> Kodavali,<ref>{{cite web|author=K.N. Murali Sankar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/asi-gets-tough-with-encroachers/article2669627.ece |title=ASI gets tough with encroachers |publisher=The Hindu |date=2011-11-29 |accessdate=2013-07-29}}</ref> [[Amaravathi village, Guntur district|Amaravati]], [[Bhattiprolu]] etc. [[File:Boats at Bhimili beach Visakhapatnam District.JPG|thumb|Boats at Bhimili ([[Bheemunipatnam]]) beach in [[Visakhapatnam District]]]] ===Rivers, Lakes and Wetlands=== [[File:Kolleru Lake at dusk.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kolleru]] Lake at dusk]] Andhra Pradesh contains 259 coastal wetlands, covering an area of 18,552&nbsp;km².,<ref>Wetlands of India report, ISRO</ref> out of which 88 are manmade. Lakes [[Kolleru Lake|Kolleru]] and [[Pulicat Lake|Pulicat]] are the two major lakes in Coastal Andhra. Kolleru, a natural sweet-water lake, is situated in the West Godavari district and serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for the two rivers. The lake is also an important habitat for up to 50,000 resident and migratory birds. The lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India's Wildlife Protection Act, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international [[Ramsar Convention]]. [[Pulicat Lake|Pulicat]] is the largest salt water lake in the country, located in [[Nellore]] and spreads between Andhra Pradesh and [[Tamil Nadu]]. This is one of the famous attractions in south India. In this region, the river Akhanda [[Godavari River|Godavari]] splits into several [[distributary]] branches, including the Gouthami, Vasishta, Vainatheya, and Vruddha Gouthami, before emptying into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. ==Transportation== * The [[East Coast Railway]] (ECoR) serves [[Srikakulam]], [[Vizianagaram District]], and part of [[Visakhapatnam]] district including [[Visakhapatnam City]]. [[Vijayawada]] is the one of the busiest railway junctions in [[India]] serving many express trains. * There are many bases for the trains to start from this region like [[Visakhapatnam railway station|Visakhapatnam]], [[Kakinada Port railway station|Kakinada Port]], [[Kakinada Town Junction]], [[Narsapuram]], [[Machilipatnam railway station|Machilipatnam]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Guntur]], [[Repalle]]. * The airports in this region are [[Visakhapatnam Airport]] which is an International Airport. Two Domestic Airports at [[Vijayawada Airport]] and [[Rajahmundry Airport]]. * [[Visakhapatnam Port]], [[Kakinada Port]] are the major ports in Coastal Andhra. The state of Andhra Pradesh is the second maritime state (after [[Gujarat]]) in terms of cargo handled.<ref>{{cite news|author1=P.Manoj|title=Dugarajapatnam in Andhra Pradesh to have new major port|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/bOhk7gMjTCGnUqamWzNYAM/Dugarajapatnam-in-Andhra-Pradesh-to-have-new-major-port.html|accessdate=26 July 2014|work=Live Mint and The Wall Street Journal|date=10 May 2013}}</ref> [[Visakhapatnam Port]] is the one of the largest cargo handling ports in the country.<ref name="IBTimes">{{cite news|author1=Rama Mohan|title=AP to Set up Maritime Board to Develop Ports|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ap-set-maritime-board-develop-ports-604320|accessdate=26 July 2014|work=ibtimes.co.in|publisher=International Business Times, India|date=13 July 2014}}</ref> * [[Krishnapatnam Port]] at [[Nellore]] and [[Gangavaram Port]] are major private ports and there are two minor ports at [[Machilipatnam Port]] and [[Nizampatnam Port]] in Guntur.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} ==Notable Personalities== '''Telugu literature, arts and cinema''' * [[Nannayya]] * [[Tikkana]] * [[Gurajada Apparao]] * [[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]] * [[Devulapalli Venkata Krishna Sastri]] * [[Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Chowdary]] * [[Gurram Jashuva]] * [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] * [[Ghantasala (singer)]] * [[Pingali Venkayya]] * [[Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao]] * [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] * [[Chiranjeevi]] ==See also== * [http://manarayalaseema.hpage.com Mana Rayalaseema] * [[Konaseema Floods]] * [[Uttarandhra]] * [[Coromandel Coast]] * [[Telangana]] * [[Rayalaseema]] ==References== '''Notes''' {{Reflist}} {{refimprove|date=December 2011}} ==External links== {{commons category|Coastal Andhra|position=left}} {{Clear}} {{Andhra Pradesh}} {{Godavari basin}} {{coord missing|Andhra Pradesh}} [[Category:Coastal Andhra| ]] [[Category:Coromandel Coast]] [[Category:Regions of Andhra Pradesh]] [[Category:Proposed states and territories of India]]'