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'{{Update|date=June 2011}} {{about|the 2009 typhoon|the 2003 typhoon of the same name|Typhoon Parma (2003)|the 2005 tropical storm of the same name|Tropical Storm Pepeng (2005)}} {{Infobox Hurricane |Name=Typhoon Parma (Pepeng) |Type=super typhoon |Year=2009 |Basin=WPac |Image location=Parma 1 oct 09 0225Z.jpg |Image name=Typhoon Parma at peak intensity on October&nbsp;1 |Formed=September 27, 2009 |Dissipated=October 14, 2009 |10-min winds=100 |1-min winds=135 |Pressure=930 |Damages=617 |Fatalities=500 total |Areas=[[Caroline Islands]], [[Philippines]], [[Taiwan]], [[China]] and [[Vietnam]] |Hurricane season=[[2009 Pacific typhoon season]] }} '''Typhoon Parma''', known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Pepeng''', was the second typhoon to affect the Philippines within the span of a week during September 2009. Typhoon Parma was assigned the name Pepeng by PAGASA when it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility days after [[Typhoon Ketsana]] wreaked havoc on the country. Parma spared the capital and instead lashed the northern part of Luzon island. Parma added to the damage caused by the earlier Typhoon Ketsana, affecting thousands of families on the north, especially on Pangasinan province where the San Roque Dam inadvertently released water to prevent its breach. However, in the first week of October, Parma interacted with the incoming Typhoon Melor on the Pacific (via a [[Fujiwhara interaction]]), rendering it stationary as it made landfall on Southern Taiwan. Days later, the greatly weakened Parma retreated back to Luzon making further landfalls on [[Ilocos Norte]] and [[Cagayan]]. The now severe tropical storm Parma then began to wane its strength as it crossed Luzon island for the second time. It then emerged on the South China Sea as a tropical depression. Parma became one of the deadliest typhoons to hit the Philippines in a decade. ==Meteorological history== {{storm path|Parma 2009 track.png}} [[File:Parma oct 12 2009.jpg|thumb|right|Tropical Storm Parma over Hainan, China on October 12]] During September 26, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor an area of convection that was located about 445&nbsp;km (275&nbsp;mi), to the southeast of Guam.<ref name="STWA 06z">{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.met.fsu.edu/pub/weather/tropical/GuamStuff/2009092706-ABPW.PGTW|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and Southern Pacific Oceans 2009-09-27 06z|date=2009-09-27|publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> The system had an elongated low-level circulation center with convection developing around the center.<ref name="STWA 06z"/> Upper level analysis showed that the system was located in an area of low vertical wind shear and had a good poleward outflow into a tropical upper tropospheric trough.<ref name="STWA 06z"/> During the next day, convection started to consolidate before both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the JTWC initiated advisories on the system, with the JTWC designating it as Tropical Depression 19W. After being classified, the depression remained weak and poorly organized, as it lay close to Tropical Storm 18W. During September 28, as the depression moved away from 18W, the JTWC reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm despite it remaining poorly organized, and acquired the name ''Parma''. Parma started to intensify to a typhoon as it moved closer to the Philippines. On October 1, Parma reached its peak intensity with winds of 250&nbsp;km/h (155&nbsp;mph). Afterwards, Parma started a weakening trend as it moved closer to the Philippines and then made landfall in the country. During its landfall in the [[Philippines]], ''Parma'' began to travel northwest towards China. It suddenly slowed down (due to interactions with [[Typhoon Melor (2009)|Typhoon Melor]]) rendering it stationary. Surprisingly, it began to retreat back to mainland Philippines making a second landfall and weakening to a tropical depression and emerged on the South China Sea. After regaining some strength, it began to travel westward towards [[Vietnam]], dissipating over the country on October 14. ==Preparations== ===Caroline Islands=== {{HurricaneWarnings}} Early on September 28, the [[National Weather Service]] Weather Forecast Office in [[Guam]] using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center placed [[Caroline Islands|Ulithi, Faraulep and Fais]] under tropical storm warnings and declared Tropical storm watches for [[Caroline Islands|Yap and Ngulu]] whilst the depression was moving towards the state of Yap.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5kD9IiTvN|title=NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 1|author=Roger Edson, Derek Williams, Patrick Chan|date=2009-09-28|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> Tropical storm warnings were then declared for Yap and Ngulu later that morning as the depression was moving to the northwest of Faraulep.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5k7gvwfCq|title=NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 3|author=Paul Lee|date=2009-09-28|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> These warnings stayed in effect until early the next day when they canceled the warnings for Faraulep, Fais and Ulithi after the depression had intensified into a named storm, and had passed by the islands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5k8SONTdA|title=NWS Guam Tropical Depression 19W Advisory 5|author=Roger Edson, Derek Williams, Mcelroy|date=2009-09-28|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5kEVQV3H8|title=NWS Guam Tropical Storm Parma (19W) Advisory 5A|author=Derek Williams, Roger Edson, Mcelroy|date=2009-09-28|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5k8ofY4oe|title=NWS Guam Tropical Storm Parma (19W) Advisory 6|author=Derek Williams, Charles Guard|date=2009-09-28|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> NWS Guam then placed [[Caroline Islands|Koror and Kayangel]] under a tropical storm watch later that day before cancelling all warnings early on September 30.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5kEVQV3H8|title=NWS Guam Typhoon 19W (Parma) Advisory 8|author=Dan Mundell|date=2009-09-29|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5kAIa2RIF|title=NWS Guam Typhoon 19W (Parma) Advisory 10|author=Roger Edson, Derek Williams|date=2009-09-30|work=[[National Weather Service|National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Guam]]|publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> ===Philippines=== {{Costliest Philippine typhoons|align=left}} The [[National Disaster Coordinating Council]] (NDCC) advised all local lol government officials across Luzon to evacuate people if needed to ensure their safety. In addition to the NDCC, they gave out relief goods and other necessities. President [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]] also requested PAGASA to monitor the super typhoon every two hours and update its website.<ref>[http://ph.news.yahoo.com/abs/20091001/tph-update-pepeng-could-be-super-typhoon-8061bf7.html 'Pepeng could be super-typhoon']. ABS-CBN. October 1, 2009.</ref> Also, the [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration]] (PAGASA) advised all areas with public storm signals to be alerted against storm surges, landslides, and flash floods. The [[Philippine Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] placed the entire country under red alert, meaning that the agency would monitor the whole country, especially Northern and Central Luzon. All ferry stations with routes from [[Luzon]] to [[Visayas]] and vice versa suspended operations, and fishermen were advised not to go to sea to avoid turbulent waves.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/video/48556/qtv-pagasa-update-on-typhoon-pepeng QTV: Pagasa update on typhoon 'Pepeng']. GMA News. October 1, 2009.</ref> As preparations continued, different dams were opened and large amounts of water freed to avoid the overflowing of dams. In [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]], the [[Magat Dam]] released a large amount of water. Its water was projected to pass through [[Cagayan River]], forcing locals along the river to evacuate. The [[Angat Dam]] in [[Bulacan]] also released large amounts of water, flooding the towns of [[Calumpit]] and [[Hagonoy, Bulacan|Hagonoy]]. Local officials took evacuated people living in the area. Five barangays in [[Nueva Ecija]] were already flooded due to water from [[Pantabangan Dam]], which released 250 cubic meters per second from 1 pm on October 1, 05:00 (UTC) to 1 am on October 2, 17:00 (UTC). Local officials also took charge to evacuate people. In [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], the [[Caliraya Dam]] released water as a precaution against Parma's heavy rains, even though Laguna would not be directly affected by the super typhoon.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/video/48598/saksi-magat-dam-releases-water-evacuation-along-cagayan-river Saksi: Magat dam releases water; evacuation along Cagayan river]. GMA News. October 2, 2009.</ref> On the morning of October 2, President Gloria Macapagal&nbsp;— Arroyo declared the whole country under a state of calamity. In [[Metro Manila]], billboards were rolled down due to strong winds that were anticipated. Air travel, cargo ships, and other water transport throughout the Islands were suspended.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173642/16-flights-canceled-as-manila-braces-for-pepeng 26 domestic flights canceled as Manila braces for ‘Pepeng’]. GMA News. October 2, 2009.</ref> The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) suspended classes for regions 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 and CAR.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/video/48620/qtv-ched-suspends-classes-in-region-1-2-3-4a-4b-5-and-car QTV: CHED suspends classes in Region 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 5 and CAR]. GMA News. October 2, 2009.</ref> In [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]], the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) evacuated a massive 100,000 residents that live near the Laguna lake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173652/evacuation-of-100000-residents-near-laguna-lake-recommended |title=Evacuation of 100,000 residents near Laguna lake recommended |publisher=Gmanews.tv |date=2009-10-02 |accessdate=2013-02-06}}</ref> ===Taiwan=== Following the devastating impacts of [[Typhoon Morakot]] in August, residents in southern Taiwan were weary upon hearing of a new typhoon approaching the region. By October&nbsp;3, residents of six villages in the hard hit county of Kaohsiung began evacuating.<ref>{{cite web|author=Agence France-Presse|publisher=''The Age''|date=October 6, 2009|accessdate=April 5, 2010|title=Taiwan braces for Typhoon Parma|url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/taiwan-braces-for-typhoon-parma-20091003-gh0z.html}}</ref> The following day, the Central Weather Bureau issued a land warning for the Hengchun Peninsula as Parma moved over the northern Philippines. Residents in the region were advised to prepare for heavy rains and high winds in relation to the storm.<ref>{{cite web|author=Central News Agency|publisher=''Taiwan News''|date=October 4, 2009|accessdate=April 5, 2010|title=Weather bureau issues land warning for Typhoon Parma|url=http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1073614&lang=eng_news&cate_img=logo_taiwan&cate_rss=TAIWAN_eng}}</ref> At least 55 international flights from Taiwanese airports were cancelled or delayed due to Typhoon Parma as it stalled in the Bashih Channel.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=October 4, 2009|accessdate=April 5, 2010|title=Typhoon Parma approaches Taiwan|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/10/20091047369776125.html}}</ref> On October&nbsp;5, mandatory evacuations were put in place for portions of southern Taiwan, leading to roughly 6,000 residents leaving the area for shelter. Emergency officials deployed 200 elite soldiers to the region to assist in the evacuation and placed 35,000 more on standby for relief operations.<ref>{{cite web|author=Associated France-Presse|publisher=''Independent Online''|date=October 5, 2009|accessdate=April 5, 2010|title= Typhoon Parma: Taiwan evacuates over 6 000 |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=126&art_id=nw20091005063406944C859167}}</ref> ==Impact== ===Caroline Islands=== {| class="navbox" style="float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; width:20em;" |+ <big>'''Typhoon Parma casualties in the Philippines'''</big> |- style="padding: 0; margin: 0" |colspan="6" style="padding: 0; margin: 0"| {| class="collapsible" style="margin: 0 auto; width:100%" !colspan="3"| [[National Disaster Coordinating Council|NDCC]] death tally<ref name="NDCC update">{{cite web|url=http://210.185.184.53/ndccWeb/images/ndccWeb/ndcc_update/TS_Ondoy_and_TY_Pepeng/ndcc%20update%20sitrep%20no.%2040%20ts%20ondoy%20%26%20typhoon%20pepeng%20as%20of%2024%20oct%202009%2C%206am.pdf|title=Situation Report: Ondoy|accessdate=2009-09-29}}</ref> |- style="font-size:80%" !Region ! Deaths |- |align="left"|[[Ilocos Region|Region I]] | style="text-align:center;"|95 |- |align="left"|[[Cordillera Administrative Region|CAR]] | style="text-align:center;"|346 |- |align="left"|[[Central Luzon|Region III]] | style="text-align:center;"|19 |- |align="left"|[[CALABARZON|Region IV-A]] | style="text-align:center;"|1 |- |align="left"|[[Bicol Region|Region V]] | style="text-align:center;"|4 |- |align="left"|'''Total''' | style="text-align:center;"|'''465''' |- style="padding: 0; margin: 0" |colspan="6" style="padding: 0; margin: 0"| {| class="collapsible" style="margin: 0 auto; width:100%" |- !colspan="3"| Damages<ref name="NDCC update"/> |- style="font-size:80%" ! !Amount |- |align="left"| Agriculture |align="left"| [[Philippine peso|PhP]]5,106,746,713.93<br>([[US dollars|$]]108,538,654.92) |- |align="left"| Infrastructure |align="left"| [[Philippine peso|PhP]]14,516,879,535.98<br>([[US dollars|$]]308,541,541.68) |- |align="left"| Private |align="left"| [[Philippine peso|PhP]]2,770,000<br>([[US dollars|$]]58,873.54) |- |align="left"| '''Total damages'''<ref>'''Total damages''' figure includes agriculture, infrastructure, casualties, etc. damages.</ref> |align="left"| '''[[Philippine peso|PhP]]19,626,396,249.91'''<br>([[US dollars|$]]417,139,070.14) |} |} |} While it was a Tropical Storm, Parma passed to the south of the westernmost state of [[Yap]], battering the east coast of the main island with torrential rain and winds of up to 95&nbsp;km/h (60&nbsp;mph). As a result, Continental Micronesia cancelled its scheduled passenger flight to Guam, while the governor of Yap ordered that government employees stay at home and that residents take all precautions that were possible while placing Yap under the highest state of storm alerts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=49413|title=Tropical storm passes Yap in FSM|date=2009-09-30|publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]]|accessdate=2009-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=49396|title=Yap hit by intense weather system|date=2009-09-29|publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]]|accessdate=2009-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=49389|title=Yap in FSM threatened by tropical storm|date=2009-09-29|publisher=[[Radio New Zealand]]|accessdate=2009-10-02}}</ref> ===Philippines=== [[File:ParmaMelor AMO TMO 2009279 lrg.jpg|thumb|Severe Tropical Storm Parma [[Fujiwhara effect|interacting]] with [[Typhoon Melor (2009)|Typhoon Melor]] on October 7, 2009.]] Even though Parma was a poopy head still too far to make its landfall in northern Philippines, various transportation was suspended before the super typhoon draw near. In [[Catanduanes]], where the first signal warning no.3 was raised, the province's power and communications were cut. Fallen trees were already in the main roads. About 30,000 families were evacuated. In addition also to the [[Bicol Region|Bicol]] region, more than 2,000 passengers were stranded in ferry stations.<ref>[http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173671/isabela-aurora-bicol-region-begin-evacuations Isabela, Aurora, Bicol region begin evacuations]. GMA News. October 2, 2009.</ref> 39 provinces including Metro Manila were put to signal warnings, with each place experienced massive rainfall with strong winds. Parma made its landfall at Northeastern Cagayan at 3:00pm PST/07:00 (UTC). In [[Cagayan]], at least 6,036 people in 39 barangays (villages) were affected, while P20.33 million worth of agricultural produce were destroyed. Also, in the Chico River was swelled due to the typhoon, making the Maguilling Overflow Bridge along the Cagayan-Apayao Road impassable. The Maharlika Highway in Ilagan, Isabela to Cagayan became hardly passable due to the trees and electric posts that fell when Pepeng battered the area. Total power interruption also crippled the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao, and the northern towns of Isabela. In Kalinga, landslides were reported on roads linking the provincial capital, Tabuk, to upland towns. In Zambales, at least 2,100 families were evacuated as Pepeng brought heavy rains causing the Bucao River to swell. The Carael section of the Zambales highway became impassable due to rising floodwaters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173750/pepeng-plunges-ne-luzon-into-darkness-4-people-killed |title=‘Pepeng’ downs power and cell services in NE Luzon |publisher=GMANews.TV |date=2009-10-03 |accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> Due to heavy downpour, the [[San Roque Dam (Philippines)|San Roque Dam]] in Eastern [[Pangasinan]] and Pantabangan Dam in [[Nueva Ecija]] was forced to release huge amount of water. It caused major flooding in [[Tarlac]] which is their neighbouring province and also caused flooding Eastern and Central Pangasinan as well as Nueva Ecija. In [[Metro Manila]] the area is still experienced torrential rains and strong winds. Floodwaters continue to rise in some areas in Metro Manila and [[Calabarzon]]. In [[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]], [[Muntinlupa]], and [[Taguig]], in [[Taytay, Rizal|Taytay]] town in Rizal province, and in the towns of [[Biñan]] and [[San Pedro, Laguna|San Pedro]] in [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] province, the flood is not subsiding. The [[Laguna de Bay]] is breaking a 90-year record in meters of water, which threatens to submerge more areas in Metro Manila.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanews.tv/story/173742/floodwaters-continue-to-rise-in-metro-manila-calabarzon-areas |title=Floodwaters continue to rise in Metro Manila, Calabarzon areas |publisher=GMANews.TV |date=2009-10-03 |accessdate=2009-10-09}}</ref> In [[Benguet]], a landslide killed at least 200 as Tropical Depression Parma continues to bring rain across northern [[Luzon]].<ref>[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/10/09/09/100-reported-killed-cordillera-landslides (''ABS-CBN News'')]</ref> Due to severe flooding, [[Leptospirosis]] became a problem that affected many. In Pasig City General Hospital alone, 30 people have been taken in for diagnosis. The [[Department of Health]] announced that there is a [[Leptospirosis]] outbreak in [[Marikina]]. ===Taiwan=== Torrential rainfall fell across southern Taiwan as Typhoon Parma stalled south of the island. In some areas, more than {{convert|500|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell, resulting in floods up to {{convert|.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep. These floods prompted emergency evacuations in hundreds of villages throughout Taiwan. After {{convert|200|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell in Yilan County, emergency officials enacted the first mandatory evacuation in northern Taiwan, relocating hundreds of residents. Several landslides were reported in mountainous regions, mainly in southern parts of the island. Military convoys loaded with sandbags traveled to rising rivers to help reinforce them and prevent them from overflowing their banks. As a result of the continuous rainfall and cloud cover, temperatures across Taiwan fell below average.<ref>{{cite web|author=Staff Writer|publisher=''The China Post''|date=October 5, 2009|accessdate=April 5, 2010|title=Typhoon Parma lingers|url=http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2009/10/05/227297/Typhoon-Parma.htm}}</ref> Off the coast of Taiwan, a ship carrying 14 people sank after being battered by rough seas produced by Typhoon Parma. One person was confirmed dead, three were rescued and ten others were listed as missing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20091005-171954.html |title=Ship sinks off Taiwan; 1 dead, 10 missing |publisher=News.asiaone.com |date=2009-10-05 |accessdate=2013-02-06}}</ref> ===China=== Off the cost of Hainan Island, a ship carrying nine people capsized. Three people were confirmed to have drowned, five were rescued and one other remains missing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upiasia.com/Top_News/International/2009/10/13/3-fishermen-die-in-storm-related-incident/UPI-84151255408566/ |title=Asia News - South Asia News - Latest headlines – News, Photos, Videos |publisher=UPIAsia.com |date=2012-07-22 |accessdate=2013-02-06}}</ref> ===Vietnam=== Typhoon Parma made its final landfall near Hai Phong on October 15 after causing damage to [[Bạch Long Vĩ|Bach Long Vi island]] where 62 fishing boats were sunk. No deaths were reported.<ref>http://www.vietnamnet.vn/xahoi/200910/Hon-100-tau-thuyen-bi-chim-hu-hong-do-bao-so-10-873780/</ref> ==Retirement== Due to the large number of fatalities and damage caused by the storm, the names ''Parma'' and ''Pepeng'' were later retired. The committee selected the name ''In-fa'' to replace "Parma" on the Western Pacific basin name lists beginning in 2011. For the PAGASA, on 2012, the name chosen to replace "Pepeng" was ''Paolo'' for the [[Typhoon Wutip (2013)|2013 season]]. ==See also== * [[2009 Pacific typhoon season]] * [[Typhoons in the Philippines]] * [[Effects of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season in the Philippines]] * [[Timeline of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season]] * [[Typhoon Ketsana|Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy, 2009)]], a typhoon that hit Central Luzon just one week before Parma, which killed even more than Parma * [[Typhoon Haiyan|Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda, 2013)]], deadliest tropical cyclone to strike the Philippines in the 21st Century * [[Typhoon Bopha|Typhoon Bopha (Pablo, 2012)]] * [[Tropical Storm Washi|Tropical Storm Washi (Sendong, 2011)]] * [[Typhoon Megi (2010)|Typhoon Megi (Juan, 2010)]] * [[Typhoon Durian|Typhoon Durian (Reming, 2006)]] * [[Typhoon Xangsane (2006)|Typhoon Xangsane (Milenyo, 2006)]] * [[Tropical Depression Winnie|Tropical Depression Winnie, 2004]] * [[Tropical Storm Thelma|Tropical Storm Thelma (Uring, 1991)]], second deadliest tropical cyclone to strike the Philippines * [[Typhoon Krosa (2013)|Typhoon Krosa (Vinta, 2013)]] * [[Typhoon Usagi (2013)|Typhoon Usagi (Odette, 2013)]] * [[Typhoon Son-Tinh (2012)]] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Typhoon Parma (2009)}} {{Wikinewspar2|Philippines braces for next storm|Typhoon Parma threatens Taiwan|Typhoon Parma spares Philippines capital}} *RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center **[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0917.pdf Best Track Data] of Typhoon Parma (0917) {{ja}} **[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T0917.png Best Track Data (Graphics)] of Typhoon Parma (0917) **[http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html Best Track Data (Text)] *[http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2009/2009s-bwp/bwp192009.txt JTWC Best Track Data] of Super Typhoon 19W (Parma) *[http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc09/WPAC/19W.PARMA/ 19W.PARMA] from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory {{Retired Pacific typhoon names}} {{Retired Philippine typhoon names}} {{2009 Pacific typhoon season buttons}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Parma (2009)}} [[Category:2009 Pacific typhoon season]] [[Category:2009 in Vietnam]] [[Category:Typhoons in China]] [[Category:Typhoons in Taiwan]] [[Category:Typhoons in Vietnam]] [[Category:2009 disasters in the Philippines|Pepeng]] [[Category:Typhoons in the Philippines|Pepeng]] [[Category:Typhoons]] [[Category:Retired Pacific typhoons]] [[Category:Retired Philippine typhoon names]] [[Category:2009 in China]] [[Category:2009 in Taiwan]]'