Examine individual changes

'[[File:Gran calavera eléctrica2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|"Gran calavera eléctrica" by [[José Guadalupe Posada]], Mexico, 1900–1913]] [[Image:IslandSalvationBotanicaPiety.jpg|thumb|Island of Salvation Botanica, Piety Street, [[Bywater, New Orleans]]]] [[File:Darrel Mortimer and his Biggest Tattooed Chillum, San Francisco 2009.jpg|thumb|Darrel Mortimer holding 8' tattooed bamboo [[chillum (pipe)|chillum]]; photograph by Sally Larsen, 2009]] [[File:BayouStJohnHeartMarkTires.jpg|thumb|House in [[New Orleans]]]] <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Lok virsa logo.JPG|thumb|Logo of the Folk Art Museum '''[[Lok Virsa Museum|Lok Virsa]]''' in [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]].]] --> [[Image:Primstav 2.jpg|thumb|Detail of 17th century [[calendar]] stick carved with national coat of arms, a common motif in [[Norway|Norwegian]] folk art.]] '''Folk art''' encompasses art produced from an [[indigenous peoples|indigenous culture]] or by [[peasants]] or other laboring [[tradespeople]]. In contrast to [[fine art]], folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic.<ref name=bullfinch>West, Shearer (general editor), ''The Bullfinch Guide to Art History'', page 440, Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, United Kingdom, 1996. ISBN 0-8212-2137-X</ref> Folk Art is characterized by a naïve style, in which traditional rules of [[body proportions|proportion]] and [[perspective (graphical)|perspective]] are not employed. As a phenomenon that can chronicle a move towards civilization yet rapidly diminish with modernity, industrialization, or outside influence, the nature of folk art is specific to its particular culture. The varied geographical and temporal prevalence and diversity of folk art make it difficult to describe as a whole, though some patterns have been demonstrated. ==Characteristics== Characteristically folk art is not influenced by [[art movements|movements]] in [[academic art|academic]] or fine art circles, and, in many cases, folk art excludes works executed by professional artists and sold as "high art" or "fine art" to the society's art patrons.<ref name="bullfinch"/> On the other hand, many 18th- and 19th-century American folk art painters made their living by their work, including itinerant portrait painters, some of whom produced large bodies of work.<ref>Bishop, Robert and Weissman, Judith Reiter. ''The Knopf Collectors' Guides to American Antiques: Folk Art''. Folk art are simple,direct, and mostly always colorful. Knopf. 1983</ref> Terms that might overlap with folk art are naïve art, [[tribal art]], primitive art, popular art, outsider art, [[traditional art]], [[tramp art]] and working-class art/blue-collar art. As one might expect, these terms can have multiple and even controversial connotations but are often used interchangeably with the term "folk art". Folk art expresses cultural identity by conveying shared community values and aesthetics. It encompasses a range of utilitarian and decorative media, including cloth, wood, paper, clay, metal and more. If traditional materials are inaccessible, new materials are often substituted, resulting in contemporary expressions of traditional folk art forms. Folk art reflects traditional art forms of diverse community groups — ethnic, tribal, religious, occupational, geographical, age- or gender-based — who identify with each other and society at large. Folk artists traditionally learn skills and techniques through apprenticeships in informal community settings, though they may also be formally educated. Folk art are simple, direct, and mostly always colorful. ==Antique folk art== Antique folk art is distinguished from traditional art in that, while collected today based mostly on its artistic merit, it was never intended to be 'art for art’s sake' at the time of its creation. Examples include: weathervanes, old store signs and carved figures, itinerant portraits, carousel horses, fire buckets, painted game boards, cast iron doorstops and many other similar lines of highly collectible "whimsical" antiques. ==Contemporary folk art== [[File:655 wrightwood address on wall in Chicago.jpg|thumb|right|200px|a folk art wall in [[Chicago|Lincoln Park, Chicago]]]] Many folk art traditions like [[quilting]], ornamental [[picture framing]], and [[duck decoy (model)|decoy carving]] continue to thrive, while new forms constantly emerge. Contemporary folk artists are frequently self-taught as their work is often developed in isolation or in small communities across the country.<ref>[http://americanart.si.edu/treasures/1fa/index.html Slide show of 73 works of folk art with brief descriptions] Smithsonian American Art Museum. Retrieved July 6, 2011</ref> The [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]] houses over 70 such artists; for example, [[Elito Circa]], a famous and internationally recognized folk artist, developed his own styles without professional training or guidance from the masters. ==Influence on mainstream art== Folk artworks, styles and motifs have inspired various artists. For example, [[Pablo Picasso]] was inspired by African tribal sculptures and masks, while [[Natalia Goncharova]] and others were inspired by traditional [[Russians|Russian]] [[popular prints]] called [[lubok]]s.<ref>[http://www.hatii.arts.gla.ac.uk/MultimediaStudentProjects/00-01/9705226m/mmcourse/project/gonch.project/biography.htm ''Goncharova Biography''], Hatii, retrieved 19/2/2012</ref> In music, [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s seminal ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' was inspired by pagan religious rites. ==See also== {{Portal|Visual Arts}} {{columns-list|3| *[[Alebrije]] *[[African folk art]] *[[American Folk Art Museum]] *[[Chillum (pipe)|Chillum]] *[[Chinese folk art]] *[[Ex-voto]] *[[Guy Cobb]] *[[John William "Uncle Jack" Dey]] *[[Juliana R. Force]] *[[Kuthiyottam]] *[[Latin American Retablos]] *[[Ljuskrona]] *[[Lubok]] *[[Madhubani painting]] *[[Mingei]] (Japanese folk art movement) *[[Museum folklore]] *[[Naïve art]] *[[Nakshi Kantha]] *[[Nose art]] *[[North Malabar]] *[[Outsider art]] *[[Phad painting]] *[[Pakistani vehicle art]] *[[Pasaquan]] *[[Rural crafts]] *[[Theyyam]] *[[Thidambu Nritham]] *[[Tribal art]] *[[Warli|Warli painting]] *[[Whirligig]] *[[Yakshagana]] *[[Czech folklore]] }} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Folk art}} *[http://www.cioff.org CIOFF: International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts] {{DEFAULTSORT:Folk Art}} [[Category:Decorative arts]] [[Category:Southern art]] [[Category:Art genres]] [[Category:Folk art| ]]'