Examine individual changes

' '''[[Islam]]''' arrived in [[Kerala]] through [[Arab]] traders during the time of prophet [[Muhammad]](AD 609 - AD 632). Kerala has a very ancient relation with the middle east even during the Pre-Islamic period. Muslim merchants ([[Malik Deenar]]) settled in Kerala by the 8th century AD and introduced [[Islam]]. The [[Cheraman Juma Masjid]] said to be the very first [[mosque]] in india situated in Kodungallur Taluk, in state of [[Kerala]]. According to a tradition, [[Cheraman Perumal]], the last of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera king]]s, became [[Muslim]] and traveled to visit prophet [[Muhammad]] and this event helped the spread of Islam. [[File:Cheraman jumamasjid.JPG|thumb|[[Cheraman Juma Masjid]] at [[Kodungallur]]]] ==Help from Hindu Kings== The [[Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode]] encouraging Muslim traders to settle down in his kingdom to flourish maritime trade perhaps accounts for the relatively high proportion of Muslims in Malabar. The Muslims also manned the Zamorin's navy and were so intensely pro-Zamorin that one of them issued an order to bring up one male member in every fishermen family in his kingdom as a Muslim so as to get sufficient numbers in his navy.<ref>Pg 112, A short survey of Kerala History, [[A. Sreedhara Menon]], Vishwanathan Publishers 2006</ref> There is also a significant Muslim population living in the coastal regions of central and southern Kerala. Historians believe that [[Tipu Sultan]] also help to convert many people to Islam, during his invasion of North Kerala. ==British Period== Prior to the [[independence of India]], the present-day state of Kerala comprised the three areas known as [[Malabar District]], [[Travancore]] and [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Kerala Christians and the Caste System |first=C. J. |last=Fuller |journal=Man |series=New Series |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1976 |pages=53–70 |publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2800388 |accessdate=26 April 2012 |doi=10.2307/2800388 |subscription=yes}}</ref> There had been considerable trade relations between [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and Kerala even before the time of [[Prophets in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. Islam might have been introduced in the region by the [[Arab people|Arab]] traders in the 7th or 8th century AD. Like the [[Cochin Jews|Jews]] and [[Christianity in Kerala|Christians]], the Arabs also settled down at [[Cranganore]] and established a separate colony of their part of the town. According to a tradition, [[Cheraman Perumal]], the last of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera king]]s, became a convert to Islam and [[Hajj|traveled to Mecca]] and this event helped the spread of Islam.<ref name="google2">{{cite book |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC |title=The Legacy of Kerala |first=A. Sreedhara |last=Menon |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala |year=1982 |isbn=978-8-12643-798-6 |accessdate=2012-11-16}}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2014}} [[File:Bahahuddin Usthad at Convocation.jpg|thumbnail|Convocation at the Chemmad Madrassah]] ==Mappila Riots== These conditions found expression in a recurrent form of violent protests known as the [[Malabar Rebellion]].<ref name="google1"/> The Muslim community of Kerala was also influenced by "the wind of change" in the 20th century. Social and religious leaders worked hard for social uplift and moral regeneration in society, exhorting Muslims to give up all un-Islamic practices and to take to Islamic education. They also promoted education of women.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=R7QNGkZKc5wC&vq=Muslim&dq=history+muslims+kerala&source=gbs_navlinks_s |title=Cultural heritage of Kerala - A Sreedhara Menon - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date= |accessdate=2012-11-16}}</ref> [[File:Orphanage (1).jpg|thumbnail|Tirurangadi Muslim Orphanage]] == Communities and denominations == The modern theological orientations amongst the Muslims of Kerala are primarily divided into three; Sunnis, Mujahids (Salafis) and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, though all these belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. The Sunnis referred here are identified by their conventional beliefs and practices and adherence to the Shafi'i madh'hab, while the other two theological orientations, the Mujahids and the Jama'ats, are seen as movements within the Sunni Islam. A minor group of followers may be found with Tablighi Jama'at. Both Sunnis and Salafis again have been split to sub-groups. The Ahmadi community is [[Persecution of Ahmadis|severely persecuted in Pakistan]]. However Indian law regards Ahmadis as Muslims. A landmark ruling by the [[Kerala High Court]] on 8 December 1970 in the case of ''Shihabuddin Imbichi Koya Thangal vs K.P. Ahammed Koya'', citation ''A.I.R. 1971 Ker 206 ''upheld their legal status as Muslims.<ref name=hoque>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/law/2004/03/03/index.htm|title=On right to freedom of religion and the plight of Ahmadiyas|author=Hoque, Ridwanul|publisher=The Daily Star|date=21 March 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1400223/|title=Shihabuddin Imbichi Koya Thangal vs K.P. Ahammed Koya on 8 December, 1970 Kerala High Court}}</ref> Ahmadis were not allowed to sit on the [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]], which is regarded in India as representative of Muslims in the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1073652/religious-violence-hastens-india-s-leap-into-deeper-obscurantism |title=Religious violence hastens India’s leap into deeper obscurantism |date=1 September 2008 |accessdate=2014-12-29 |work=Dawn |last=Naqvi |first=Jawed}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://herald.dawn.com/2013/10/13/is-the-ahmadi-community-just-as-persecuted-in-other-muslim-majority-countries.html|title = IS THE AHMADI COMMUNITY JUST AS PERSECUTED IN OTHER MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRIES?|date = October 13, 2013|accessdate = 2014-12-29|website = Herald.Dawn|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> == See also == *[[Caste system in Kerala]] == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == *{{cite book |title=Matrilineal Kinship |editor1-first=David Murray |editor1-last=Schneider |editor2-first=E. Kathleen |editor2-last=Gough |chapter=Nayars: Central Kerala |first=E. Kathleen |last=Gough |year=1961 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-02529-5 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lfdvTbfilYAC |authorlink=Kathleen Gough}} * Dr. S. Sharaf-ud-din, ''Religion: Islam'', ''[[Malayala Manorama|Malayala Manorama Yearbook 2006]]'', Kottayam (India), 2006 ISSN 0970-9096 {{Islam topics}} {{Asia in topic|Islam in}} {{Islam in India by region}} [[Category:Islam in India by state or territory|Kerala]] [[Category:Islam in Kerala]]'