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'{{Infobox Former Country |native_name = إمارة غرﻧﺎﻃﺔ</br>''Imarat Gharnāṭah'' |conventional_long_name = Emirate of Granada |common_name = Granada |continent = Europe |status = [[Vassal]] of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] |region = Spain |country = Spain |government_type = Monarchy |year_start = 1228 |year_end = 1492 |national_motto = ''Wa lā gāliba illā-llāh'' <small>{{ar icon}}<br />(There is no conqueror but Allah)</small> |p1 = Almohad dynasty |flag_p1 = Flag of Morocco 1147 1269.svg |s1 = Crown of Castile |flag_s1 = Bandera de la Corona de Castilla y Leon.svg |image_flag = Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg |flag_type = Flag |flag = Flag of Spain |image_coat = COA of Nasrid dynasty kingdom of Grenade (1013-1492).svg |image_map = Reino de Granada.svg |image_map_caption= Size of the Nasrid Kingdom |common_languages = [[Arabic]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino]] |capital = [[Granada]] |religion = [[Islam]] ([[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], [[Judaism]]) |stat_area1 = }} {{History of al-Andalus}} The '''Emirate of Granada''' was established in [[1228]], after the [[Almohad dynasty]] was defeated by the Christians at the [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]]. The Almohad prince Idris had left Iberia to take the Almohad leadership, then ambitious Ibn al-Ahmar established the longest lasting Muslim dynasty on the Iberian peninsula - the Nasrids. With the [[Reconquista]] in full swing after the conquest of Cordoba in 1236, the Nasrids aligned themselves with [[Ferdinand III of Castile]], officially becoming a tributary state in 1238. The state officially became the Kingdom of Granada in 1238. The Nasrid [[emir]]s and kings were responsible for building most of the palaces in the [[Alhambra]]. The ''[[taifa]]'' became a vassal state of the Christian kingdom of Castile for the next 250 years. The Nasrid emirs and kings paid tribute to the Christian kings and collaborated with them in their battle against rebellious Muslims under Christian rule. Initially the kingdom of Granada linked the commercial routes from Europe with those of the [[Maghreb]]. The kingdom constantly shrank due to repeated Castilian invasions however, and by 1492, Granada controlled only a small territory on the Mediterranean coast. [[Arabic language|Arabic]] was the official language, and was the mother tongue of the majority of the population. Granada was held as a vassal to Castile over many decades, and provided trade links to the Muslim world, particularly the gold trade with the sub-saharan areas south of [[Africa]]. The [[Nasrid dynasty|Nasrids]] provided troops for Castile and was a source of [[mercenary fighter]]s from [[North Africa]]. However, [[Portugal]] discovered direct African trade routes by sailing around the coast of West Africa. Thus Granada became less and less important for Castile, and with the union of Castile and Aragon in 1479, those kingdoms set their sights on annexing Granada and Navarre. The [[Granada War]] began in [[1482]]. On [[January 2]], [[1492]], the last Muslim leader, [[Muhammad XII of Granada|Muhammad XII]], known as Boabdil to the Spanish, surrendered complete control of Granada, to [[Ferdinand V of Spain|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Spain|Isabella]], ''[[Los Reyes Católicos]]'' ("The Catholic Monarchs"), after the city was besieged. ==See also== *[[Nasrid dynasty]] *[[Romance of Abenamar]] == References == * {{Cite Book|title=The Alhambra. Vol 1. From the Ninth Century to Yusuf I (1354)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|year=1997|isbn=0-86356-466-6}} * {{Cite Book|title=The Alhambra. Vol. 2. (1354 - 1391)|first=Antonio|last=Fernández Puertas|publisher=Saqi Books|isbn=0-86356-467-4}} * {{Cite Book|title=Islamic Spain 1250 to 1500|first=Leonard Patrick|last=Harvey|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1992|isbn=0-226-31962-8}} * {{Cite Book|title=A History of Islamic Spain|first=W. Montgomery|last=Watt|authorlink=William Montgomery Watt|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=1965|isbn=0-7486-0847-8}} * {{Cite Book|first=Rachel|last=Arié|title=L’Espagne musulmane au Temps des Nasrides (1232–1492)|publisher=De Boccard|year=1990|edition=2nd|isbn= 2-7018-0052-8|language=french}} * {{Cite Book|last=Bueno|first=Francisco|title=Los Reyes de la Alhambra. Entre la historia y la leyenda|publisher=Miguel Sánchez|year=2004|isbn=84-7169-082-9|language=Spanish}} * {{Cite Book|last=Cortés Peña|first=Antonio Luis|first2=Bernard |last2=Vincent|title=Historia de Granada. 4 vols.|publisher=Editorial Don Quijote|year=1983-1987|language=Spanish}} == External links == *{{es icon}} [http://www.liceus.com/cgi-bin/gba/4010.asp Al-Ándalus III: el Sultanato De Granada (1232-1492) y Una Breve Reseña Sobre la Alhambra] *{{es icon}} R.H. Shamsuddín Elía, Historia de Al-Andalus, Boletín N° 53 -08/2006 [http://www.islamyal-andalus.org/control/noticia.php?id=1142 ''Al-Ándalus III: El Sultanato De Granada (1232-1492)''] *{{es icon}} Nicolás Homar Vives, [http://www.homar.org/genealog/iv_europa_i/ibe18a.htm Genealogy of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada] *{{fr icon}} [http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_musulmanes/Espagne.htm Genealogy of the muslim dynasties in Spain] *{{ar icon}} [http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=211 {{lang|ar|بنو نصر/النصريون/بنو الأحمر في غرناطة}}] ''Les Nasrides, Les Banû al-Ahmar à Grenade'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Emirate Of Granada}} [[Category:1492 disestablishments]] [[Category:States and territories established in 1228]] [[Category:Al-Andalus]] [[ar:مملكة غرناطة]] [[az:Bəni-Ahmər dövləti]] [[ca:Emirat de Gharnata]] [[de:Königreich Granada]] [[es:Reino de Granada]] [[eu:Granadako Erresuma]] [[fr:Royaume de Grenade]] [[ko:그라나다 왕국]] [[it:Sultanato di Granada]] [[he:ממלכת גרנדה]] [[la:Regnum Granatae]] [[mk:Емиратство Гранада]] [[nl:Koninkrijk Granada]] [[pl:Emirat Grenady]] [[pt:Reino de Granada]] [[ru:Гранадский эмират]] [[simple:Emirate of Granada]] [[sk:Granadský sultanát]] [[tr:Gırnata Emirliği]]'