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'{{Chinese | pic = Logo of 2015 China Victory Day Parade.png | piccap = Logo of the 2015 China Victory Day Parade. |s=纪念中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年阅兵式 |t=紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70週年閱兵式 |p=jì niàn zhōng guó rén mín kàng rì zhàn zhēng jì shì jiè fǎn fǎ xī sī zhàn zhēng shèng lì 70zhōu nián yuè bīng shì|l = Parade commemorating 70th anniversary of the victories of [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Anti-Japanese War]] of the Chinese people and the [[World War II|World Anti-Fascist War]]}} [[File:2015 China Victory Day Parade (1).jpg|thumb|2015 China Victory Day Parade]] [[File:The military parade in honor of the 70-th anniversary of the end of the Second world war 01.jpg|thumb|2015-9-3 China Victory Day Parade]] {{lead section|time=2016-05-05T05:54:35+00:00|date=May 2016}} The '''2015 China Victory Day parade''' was a [[military parade]] held along [[Changan Avenue]], Beijing, on September 3, 2015 to celebrate the 70th anniversary of [[Victory over Japan Day]] of the Second World War. The commemoration was the first high-profile military parade held to celebrate an occasion other than the [[National Day of the People's Republic of China]]. 12,000 troops of the People's Liberation Army participated in the parade, in addition to over 1,000 troops from 17 different countries. [[Xi Jinping]] inspected the troops. [[Li Keqiang]] was the [[master of ceremonies]]. == Background == {{see also|Second Sino-Japanese War}} The 70th Anniversary of V-day parade marked the first time that China held a military parade other than the National Day, and the first to celebrate the end of WWII.<ref name=20150821guardian>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/21/chinese-second-world-war-parade-xi-jinping|title='Old-school tub-thumping': 12,000 Chinese troops prepare for WW2 parade|author=Tom Phillips|work=The Guardian|date=21 August 2015}}</ref> Since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, China held parades primarily on October 1, the country's national day. The most prominent renditions of the parade were held in 1959, 1984, 1999, and [[60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China|2009]], presided over respectively by then leaders Mao Zedong, [[Deng Xiaoping]], [[Jiang Zemin]], and [[Hu Jintao]]. The 70th anniversary parade was also the first major parade since [[Xi Jinping]] took power as the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]] in November 2012. The prevailing theme was to be "peace and victory".<ref name=20150821guardian/> Xi Jinping had attended the [[2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade]] in May as the guest-of-honour of Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]], and Putin returned the favour at this parade.<ref name=20150703reuters>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/03/us-china-eu-japan-idUSKCN0PD0U520150703|title=European Union leaders unlikely to attend China's World War Two parade, envoy says}}</ref> == Preparations and restrictions == National leadership placed considerable importance on being able to put the best foot forward and do away with distractions. Bloomberg reported that the central government once again intervened in the stock market to ensure stability ahead of the anniversary; there were traffic curfews and closures of public facilities including seven parks and some hospitals.<ref name=20150901bloomberg>{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-01/xi-s-big-military-parade-sets-china-s-spin-machine-in-overdrive|title=Chinese Military Parade Sets Spin Machine into Overdrive|date=1 September 2015|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> [[Line 1, Beijing Subway]], which passes underneath Changan Avenue, was shut down; 256 bus-lines in Beijing were placed under tight transport restrictions from September 2–4.<ref name=20150901bloomberg/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0902/11/B2GNHRHV00014JB6.html|title=北京256条公交线路9月2日至4日采取临时运营措施|language=zh|publisher=人民网（北京）}}</ref> On the day of the parade, hospitals restricted most of their activities beyond emergencies, the stock markets were closed.<ref name=20150901bloomberg/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0831/01/B2AGCJ1500014AED.html|title=北京阅兵当日协和等医院停门诊 急诊24小时开诊|language=zh|publisher=京华时报(北京)}}</ref><ref name=20150902forbes/> Areas in the city centre were placed under martial law, and 850,000 "citizen guards" were deployed to ensure security within the city.<ref name=20150821guardian/> The city authorities sent in trained macaques and falcons to make sure the skies over central Beijing were free of birds that would [[bird strike|put the flypast at risk]]. The trained macaque monkeys climbed trees and dismantled birds nests in advance of the parade. Hot air balloons and hang gliders were equally barred from the city; those residing along Changan Avenue were forbidden from opening their windows during the lock-down period.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20150902-beijing-pulls-out-all-stops-to-ensure-perfect-parade/|title=Beijing pulls out all stops to ensure perfect V-Day parade|work=EJ Insight|date=2 September 2015}}</ref> Domestic satellite televisions were restricted from playing entertainment programs between September 1–5. [[China Central Television]] ceased the broadcasting of all entertainment programming, only playing films and TV series about the Second World War.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} Xi Jinping decreed the creation of two new public holidays targeted at Japan, the first being September 3 - [[Victory over Japan Day]], officially named The 70th anniversary of Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese War and the World Anti-Fascist War Victory Commemoration Day.<ref name=20150820beast>http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/08/20/the-secret-seaside-resort-where-china-s-leaders-plot-world-domination.html</ref> The second one was declared for December 13, marking the Japanese takeover of Nanjing, China's then capital under the Nationalists and the [[Nanking Massacre]] that followed, which resulted in many Chinese deaths by Japanese military personnel garrisoned in the city.<ref name=20150820beast/> The [[CY Leung administration]] in Hong Kong argued for a holiday to facilitate participation in commemorative events, thus it tabled the "Special Holiday (3 September 2015) Ordinance" – designating the day as a one-off holiday – for debate in the [[Legislative Council of Hong Kong]] (LegCo) in July. The act passed despite strong resistance and more than 90 amendments from one legislator.<ref name=20150904harbourtimes/> [[File:2015 Air pollution in Beijing.svg|400px|thumb|right|Air pollution was reduced during the parade]] To reduce air pollution and ensure blue skies for the parade, half of Beijing's cars were barred from the streets and nearly 10,000 industrial firms in Beijing and in areas near and far – Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Henan – suspended or cut production starting on August 20 to cut down on emissions.<ref name=20150821guardian/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-08/17/c_134527293.htm|title=China moves to ensure clean air for military parade|agency=Xinhua News Agency}}</ref> The factory shut-downs and road closures gave rise to rare instance of clean air, where PM2.5 measurements were below 50, and the lack of traffic jams, and these were welcomed by residents of the capital.<ref name=20150904ejinsight/> Observers noted that the umbrella, which [[Umbrella Movement|became iconic]] in China-controlled Hong Kong during the [[2014 Hong Kong protests|protests in 2014]], were nowhere to be seen despite the blazing heat although commonly used as a shield against the sun in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20150904-some-sidelights-from-chinas-grand-military-parade/|title=China's grand military parade: Some sidelights|work=EJ Insight|date=4 September 2015}}</ref> == Leaders in attendance == ===Chinese leaders=== [[Xi Jinping]], the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of China]], [[President of the People's Republic of China]], and [[Chairman of the Central Military Commission]] was the central figure of the day's events. Premier [[Li Keqiang]] was the master of ceremonies for the parade, breaking convention from its two previous renditions of the parade, which were both hosted by the Communist Party Secretary of Beijing ([[Jia Qinglin]] in 1999 and [[Liu Qi (politician)|Liu Qi]] in 2009). General [[Song Puxuan]], Commander of the [[Beijing Military Region]], greeted Xi in front of Tiananmen at the start of the parade during the inspection segment, declaring the readiness of the troops for the marchpast. Atop [[Tiananmen]], Xi Jinping wore a [[Mao suit]], as was customary for leaders inspecting troops at military parades; his wife ( there is no 'first lady' in China ) [[Peng Liyuan]] wore a red dress.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/09/B2J1KLTB0001124J.html|title=习近平着中山装 彭丽媛着红裙亮相}}</ref> The remaining political figures wore business suits. Xi delivered the keynote address at the parade with a surprise announcement of a plan to cut 300,000 personnel from the Chinese military.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/enwiki/api/15/0903/10/B2J49NTL0001124J.html|title=习近平宣布裁军30万|language=zh|publisher=中国网(北京)}}</ref> The other members of the [[Politburo Standing Committee]], [[Zhang Dejiang]], [[Yu Zhengsheng]], [[Liu Yunshan]], [[Wang Qishan]], and [[Zhang Gaoli]], watched the parade on top of Tiananmen Gate. Former paramount leaders [[Jiang Zemin]] and [[Hu Jintao]]; former Premiers [[Li Peng]], [[Zhu Rongji]] and [[Wen Jiabao]]; and other former senior leaders [[Li Ruihuan]], [[Wu Bangguo]], [[Jia Qinglin]], [[Li Lanqing]], [[Song Ping]], [[Zeng Qinghong]], [[Wu Guanzheng]], [[Li Changchun]], [[Luo Gan]], and [[He Guoqiang]], also attended the parade at Tiananmen. This meant that all former members of the Standing Committee who were in good standing with the party and alive at the time of the parade attended the event; they sat in strict [[orders of precedence in the People's Republic of China|protocol sequence]] to the right of the members of the incumbent Politburo Standing Committee.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/09/B2J2PTKO000146BE.html|title=http://news.163.com/15/0903/09/B2J2PTKO000146BE.html|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref> Hong Kong Special Administration Region chief executive [[Leung Chun-ying]] also led a 300-person group at the parade, and Macau Chief Executive [[Fernando Chui]] also attended.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/enwiki/api/15/0902/08/B2GDE2G20001124J.html|title=梁振英率300人代表团出席阅兵 名单包含反对派|language=zh|publisher=观察者网(上海)}}</ref> ===International leaders=== Current leaders and diplomats in attendance: {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * Chairman [[:fr:Abdelkader Bensalah|Abdelkader Bensalah]] of Algeria * Vice President [[Amado Boudou]] of Argentina * President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] of Belarus * Chairman of the Presidency [[Dragan Čović]] of Bosnia and Herzegovina * Minister of Defence [[Jaques Wagner]] of Brazil * King [[Norodom Sihamoni]] of Cambodia * First Vice President [[Miguel Díaz-Canel]] of Cuba * President [[Miloš Zeman]] of Czech Republic * President [[Joseph Kabila]] of Democratic Republic of Congo * President [[Taur Matan Ruak]] of East Timor * President [[Hailemariam Desalegn]] of Ethiopia * Member of the Politburo Presidium [[Choe Ryong-hae]] of North Korea * President [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] of Egypt * Prime Minister [[Hailemariam Desalegn]] of Ethiopia * Foreign Minister [[Laurent Fabius]] of France * President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]] of [[Kazakhstan]] * President [[Almazbek Atambayev]] of Kyrgyzstan * President [[Choummaly Sayasone]] of Laos * President [[Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj]] of Mongolia * President [[Thein Sein]] of Myanmar * President [[Mamnoon Hussain]] of Pakistan * [[Marshal of the Sejm]] (speaker) [[Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska]] of Poland * Governor General [[Michael Ogio]] of Papua New Guinea * President [[Park Geun-hye]] of South Korea * President [[Vladimir Putin]] of Russia * President [[Tomislav Nikolić]] of Serbia * Captain Regent [[Gianfranco Terenzi]] of San Marino * President [[Jacob Zuma]] of South Africa * President [[Omar al-Bashir]] of Sudan * Deputy chair of Thai junta [[Prawit Wongsuwan]] of Thailand * President [[Emomali Rahmon]] of Tajikistan * President [[Taur Matan Ruak]] of East Timor * President [[Islam Karimov]] of Uzbekistan * Ambassador [[Max Baucus]] of United States of America * Prime Minister [[Sato Kilman]] of Vanuatu * President [[Nicolás Maduro]] of Venezuela * President [[Trương Tấn Sang]] of Vietnam }} Leaders international organizations in attendance: *Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]] of United Nations *Director-General [[Irina Bokova]] of [[UNESCO]] *President [[Peter Maurer]] of [[ICRC]] Former leaders in attendance: * Former Chancellor [[Gerhard Schroeder]] of Germany * Former Prime Minister [[Tony Blair]] of United Kingdom * Former President [[Joseph Estrada]] of the [[Philippines]] * Former Vice President and Premier [[Lien Chan]] of the [[Republic of China]] Former Philippine President [[Joseph Estrada]] attended the parade, not as a representative of his country but as part of his duties as [[Mayor of Manila]]. Estrada cited the fact that [[Manila]] and Beijing were [[sister cities]] as his reason for attending the event.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Calleja|first1=Niña|title=PH to China: Walk the talk, bridge gap|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/128083/ph-to-china-walk-the-talk-bridge-gap|accessdate=4 September 2015|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=4 September 2015}}</ref> == Criticisms == Taiwan's [[Mainland Affairs Council]], President [[Ma Ying-jeou]] and his [[Kuomintang]] objected to the event and what they see as the Communist Party usurping credit for leading the Chinese defence against Japan during World War II.<ref name=20150905chinatimes>http://www.chinapost.com.tw/editorial/taiwan-issues/2015/09/05/445029/Lien-Chan.htm</ref><ref name=20150828straits>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wwii-parade-beijing-reaches-out-to-kmt-veterans|title=WWII parade: Beijing reaches out to KMT veterans|date=28 August 2015|work=The Straits Times}}</ref> However, former Chairman of the Kuomintang [[Lien Chan]] also attended the parade, ostensibly in his personal capacity, sparking controversy at home.<ref name=20150905chinatimes/><ref name=20150828straits/> Whilst [[Tsai Ing-wen]], leader of the Taiwanese opposition, criticised Lian for failing to represent the views of the majority of Taiwanese, observers noted that Lien had considerable business interests on the mainland he sought to protect, likewise the Kuomintang also had interests on the mainland.<ref>[http://www.storm.mg/article/63953 連戰參加中國閱兵 蔡英文：和台灣人民的觀感背道而馳]，风传媒.</ref><ref>[http://www.setn.com/News.aspx?PageGroupID=6&NewsID=92974 連戰閱兵是煙霧彈？名嘴爆：是為了國民黨在中國的黨營事業]，三立新闻网.</ref><ref>[http://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=92914&PageGroupID=6 天塌下來都要去！連戰不怕罵 赴陸閱兵為保家族企業？]，三立新闻网.</ref> Hong Kong commentator Frank Ching added that Lien Chan's presence at the ceremony undermined the KMT, as China appeared to erase the role of the Nationalists in defending China.<ref name=20150908ejinsight>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20150908-how-china-tried-to-rewrite-history-with-military-parade/|title=How China tried to rewrite history with military parade|work=EJ Insight|date=8 September 2015}}</ref> Other pundits said that the main object of the parade was to rewrite history and elevate the Communist Party's position in ending the war.<ref name=20150902forbes>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/russellflannery/2015/09/02/mainland-hong-kong-stock-markets-shut-for-v-day-holiday/|title=Mainland, Hong Kong Stock Markets Shut For V-Day Holiday|author=Russell Flannery|work=Forbes}}</ref><ref name=20150904harbourtimes>{{cite web|url=http://harbourtimes.com/2015/09/04/hks-wartime-past-still-matters-alternate-histories/|title=HK's Wartime past still matters: Alternate histories - Hong Kong - Politics, Policy, Government & Diplomacy|work=Harbour Times|date=4 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=20150908ejinsight/> [[Kyodo News Agency]] cited a US department of State spokesman that United States objected the President of Sudan Bashir to attend the parade in the news conference held on August 31, 2015. He stated that China should consider about the international society's worry as a UN security concil member with inviting or assisting someone who is wanted under the document of warrant signed by ICC.<ref>{{cite web|title=美国国务院竟反对中国邀请苏丹总统出席抗战阅兵|url=http://www.guancha.cn/america/2015_09_01_332634_s.shtml|website=观察者}}</ref> == Parade groups == Some 12,000 troops marched along Changan Avenue up to Tiananmen for inspection by [[paramount leader]] [[Xi Jinping]] and the two living former leaders.<ref name=20150904ejinsight>{{cite web|url=http://www.ejinsight.com/20150904-chinas-military-parade-reveals-what-people-really-want/|title=China's military parade reveals what people really want|work=EJ Insight|date=4 September 2015}}</ref> Each squad was led by at least one major general or lieutenant general in active service. 56 generals participated in total, including six lieutenant generals: [[Bai Jianjun]], deputy commander of the [[Beijing Military Region]], [[Tian Zhong]], deputy commander of the [[PLA Navy]], [[Chen Dong (general)|Chen Dong]], deputy commander of the [[PLA Air Force]], [[Wu Guohua]], deputy commander of the [[Second Artillery Force]], and [[Pan Changjie]], deputy commander of the [[People's Armed Police]]. [[Zheng Qunliang]], another deputy commander of the Air Force, commanded the fighter jet squad in air. This is the first time in PRC history that military parade battalions were led by officers ranked as high as lieutenant general.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2015-09-03/1153838387.html |script-title=zh:六位受阅中将首亮相 三人由总参调任 |work=Sina |date=2015-09-03 |language=Chinese}}</ref> === Veterans === Surviving soldiers from the Second World War joined the parade first time. They had fought under various commands, including the [[New Fourth Army]], the [[National Revolutionary Army]], and the [[Eighth Route Army]], with most over 90 years old now. Some of the passed warriors' widows marched in place of their late husbands.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0902/02/B2FOO75J00014JB6.html|title=日籍八路军等40余名日本老兵抵京参加纪念活动|language=zh|publisher=环球时报-环球网(北京)}}</ref> Besides Chinese soldiers, some surviving airmen of [[American Air Force]] who had fought alongside Chinese forces also joined the veterans column. This group rode in open-top buses at the head of the parade and was escorted by the People's Armed Police Motorcycle Escort Squadron. ===Marchpast columns=== ;Colour party The [[color guard]] consisted of 207 men and women from the [[Beijing Military Region]] [[Beijing Capital Garrison Honor Guard Battalion]] escorting the [[Colours, standards and guidons#People.27s Republic of China|national military colours]]. This marked the first occasion that female service personnel formed part of the [[honor guard]] during a national parade, their first public presentation was during the May state visit of the President of Turkmenistan in Beijing, where for the first time they used the Type 56 ceremonial rifle. ;Representative companies from CPC units of the Second Sino-Japanese War The Communist Party of China's hero squads consisted of detachments that could trace their lineage to units that participated in the war, these included the "Langya Mountain Five Hero Squad" (狼牙山五壮士), "[[Battle of Pingxingguan|Battle of Pingxingguan Hero Squad]]",<ref>{{cite news|url=http://v.163.com/zixun/VB1DM9C42/VB1LCQOTI.html|title="平型关大战突击连"英模部队方队亮相}}</ref> and the "[[Hundred Regiments Offensive|Hundred Regiments Offensive Hero Squad]]", representative detachments from each [[PLA military region|Chinese military region]] participated in the parade led by soldiers carrying standards used by the predecessor units. These represented the following CPC formations during the conflict: * Eighth Route Army * New Fourth Army * [[Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army]] * Southern China guerrilla organizations under CPC control ;People's Armed Police A detachment of the Beijing Division represented the [[People's Armed Police]], the unit chosen had previously been a PLA one and can trace its lineage, through the [[114th Division (People's Republic of China)|114th Division]] of the [[38th Group Army|38th Army]], to regiments that fought during the war. ;Foreign contingents Groups from 17 countries were sent to take part in the military parade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J70IES00014JB6.html|title=17个外军参阅部队走过北京天安门|language=zh|publisher=中国新闻网(北京)}}</ref> Marching in alphabetical order these were: {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| #Afghanistan #Belarus - [[Honor Guard Battalion Minsk Garrison]] #Cambodia #Cuba #Egypt #Fiji #Kazakhstan - Republican Guard #Kyrgyzstan #Laos #Mexico - Cadets of the service academies of the [[Mexican Armed Forces]] #Mongolia - Honor Guard Battalion of the [[Mongolian Armed Forces]] #Pakistan #Serbia - [[Serbian Army Guard]] #Tajikistan #Vanuatu #Venezuela - Color Guard from the [[Military Academy of the Bolivarian Army]] #Russia - 1st Honor Guard Company, [[154th Preobrazhensky Independent Commandant's Regiment]], [[Western Military District]] }} ===Mobile column === [[File:The military parade in honor of the 70-th anniversary of the end of the Second world war 02.jpg|thumb|2015-9-3 China Victory Day Parade]] ;Type 99 A2 Main Battle Tank A group of the latest model of China's Type 99 main battle tank. The A2 marks the last iteration of the Type 99 as its replacement is nearing finalisation. ;Amphibious squad On parade where the infantry fighting vehicle (ZBD-05A) and fire support variants (ZTD-05) of the [[People's Liberation Army Marine Corps]] [[ZBD2000]] vehicle, with an ability to plane when waterborne these are the fastest amphibious armoured fighting vehicles in the world. ;Mechanised infantry combat vehicle squad ZBD-04A infantry fighting vehicle, troop carrying partner to the Type 99 MBT ;Air-mobile infantry fighting vehicle squad The ZBD-03 IFV is a light airmobile infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) and the most mobile IFV of China's People's Liberation Army, was displayed for the first time in the parade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J78S6V000146BE.html|title=解放军机动性最强步战车首次亮相|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref> Anti-tank missile and Light Assault Vehicles variants.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/12/B2JDISBH0001124J.html|title=9·3阅兵：轻型突击车方队接受检阅|language=zh|publisher=中国新闻网(北京)}}</ref> came afterward. ;Anti-tank guided missile squad Self-propelled [[HJ-10|Red Arrow 10]] [[anti-tank guided missile]] vehicles, they have an anti-helicopter capability, with fire and forget or man-in-the-loop operation. ;Self-propelled artillery squad A group of PLZ-05A (1×155MM Howitzer) and PGZ-07 (2×35×228MM Oerlikon KDA guns) self-propelled guns, often nicknamed the "God of War" considering that they are the biggest guns in the Chinese military.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J7CKCS000146BE.html|title=履带自行火炮方队受阅 为中国军队中最大火炮|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J7UONQ00014JB6.html|title=履带自行火炮方队接受检阅|language=zh|publisher=中国新闻网(北京)}}</ref> ;Wheeled amphibious fire support vehicle ;Wheeled fast light patrol/attack vehicle ;Wheeled anti-terrorism attack vehicle ;Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun squad ;The missile squad [[DF-21D]], the world's first [[ASBM|Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile]], was on display in the parade. They came immediately after the [[DF-15]] and [[DF-16]] missiles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/13/B2JE4MFS0001124J.html|title=常规导弹第一方队受阅 东风15乙和东16导弹亮相|language=zh|publisher=中国青年网(北京)}}</ref> The [[DF-41]], reportedly China's newest ICBM, was not shown in the parade. ===Flypast=== [[File:J-10 jet with two HY-6 aerial refueling tankers - 2015 China Victory Day Parade 2.jpg|thumb|The [[Xian H-6|H-6]] and [[Chengdu J-10|J-10]] were flying in this parade.]] [[File:Twenty helicopters form a numeric "70" - 2015 China Victory Day Parade.jpg|thumb|Formation Flying in "70" formation]] ;Fighter jet squad The squad included 1 [[KJ-2000]] and 8 [[Chengdu J-10|J-10]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J8ELBG000146BE.html|title=领队机梯队飞过天安门 八道彩烟绚丽夺目|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref> They were first displayed in 2009 China's National Day Parade. China's newest early warning plane, the KJ-500, was displayed for the first time in this parade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/14/B2JIVDST0001124J.html|title=中国预警机家族新成员空警-500首次亮相|language=zh|publisher=南方都市报(深圳)}}</ref> The [[Xian H-6|H-6K]] was debuted as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J8IERD000146BE.html|title=国产新型轰炸机首次亮相胜利日大阅兵|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref> 5×Shenyang J-15, a carrier-based fighter jet, was also debuted in this parade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/11/B2J8NUC500014JB5.html|title=中国自主研制歼15舰载机首秀阅兵场|agency=Xinhua News Agency|language=zh}}</ref> China's most advanced fighter jet, the J-20, was not shown in the parade. ;Helicopter Squad 8×WZ-10 (7) and 12×WZ-19 (0) helicopters formed the number "70" in the sky at 10:20 to mark the 70 years since the Victory over the Japanese.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0903/10/B2J68CK400014JB6.html|title=20架参阅直升机空中组成"70"纪念数字|language=zh|publisher=人民网(北京)}}</ref> ==After the parade== The Parade began at 10:09 and ended at 11:40.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.163.com/special/yuebing_zhibo/|title=抗战胜利70周年大阅兵}}</ref> After the parade, Xi Jinping held a reception of the visiting international dignitaries. China's [[Ministry of National Defense]] spokesman Yang Yujun said that the cuts to the size of the military would include personnel not trained for battle. According to his opinion, China will emulate the command system of the United States by simplifying its management structure. China's one-star general Xu Guangyu also said that the China's [[People's Armed Police]] will be reformed similarly to the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] of the United States. For historical reasons, China's military structure emphasizes the army and land forces. China plans to, like the United States, which keeps its army:navy:air force ratio at 4:3:3, focus more on other branches of the military. However, because China borders significantly more nations, the army ratio will not be as low as in the United States, with a new ratio of 2:1:1 planned. This means that of the 2 million force, there will be 1 million army personnel, 500,000 naval personnel and 500,000 air force personnel.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.163.com/15/0904/14/B2M3HU6I0001124J.html|title=少将徐光裕谈裁军:武警或整编为国民警卫队|language=zh|publisher=观察者网(上海)}}</ref> == References == {{reflist|2}} == External links == {{commons category|2015 China Victory Day Parade}} *[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2015-01/27/content_19418728.htm Farce to fuss over China's military parade] *[http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2015-08/14/content_6631932.htm Eight Highlights in China's V-Day Military Parade] *[http://english.cntv.cn/special/70th_anniv_victoryday/index.shtml 2015 China's Victory Day Parade from CCTV] {{Xi Jinping}} [[Category:Second Sino-Japanese War]] [[Category:Events in Beijing]] [[Category:Military parades]] [[Category:Aftermath of World War II]] [[Category:Parades in China]] [[Category:2015 in China]] [[Category:Public holidays in China]] [[Category:Military history of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:2015 in military history]] [[Category:China–Japan relations]]'