Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox person | name = Paul Brousse | image = Paul Brousse.png | alt = | caption = Paul Brousse ca. 1900 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1844|01|23}} | birth_place = [[Montpellier]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1912|04|01|1844|01|23}} | death_place = [[Paris]] | nationality = French | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = }} '''Paul Brousse''' ({{IPA-fr|bʁus|lang}}; January 23, 1844{{spaced ndash}}April 1, 1912) was a [[French people|French]] [[socialist]], leader of the ''possibilistes'' group. He was active in the [[Jura Federation]], a section of the [[International Working Men's Association]] (IWMA), from the northwestern part of [[Switzerland]] and the [[Alsace]]. He helped edit the ''[[Bulletin de la Fédération Jurassienne]]'', along with [[anarchism|anarchist]] [[Peter Kropotkin]]. He was in contact with [[Gustave Brocher]] between 1877 and 1880, who became anarchist under Brousse's influence. Paul Brousse edited two newspapers, one in French and another in German. He helped [[James Guillaume]] publish its bulletin. Paul Brousse studied [[medicine]] and travelled to [[Barcelona]] in his youth. He then joined the IWMA and participated to the Geneva Congress in September 1873, seeing anarchism as the only possible social organization. On March 18, 1877, he took part in [[Bern]] in a demonstration in remembrance of the 1871 [[Paris Commune]], which ended in riots with the police. Paul Brousse was subsequently condemned to one month of prison. On April 15, 1879, he is again sentenced to two months of prison, and then expulsed from Switzerland, for having published an article in ''L'Avant-Garde'' which legitimized the [[propaganda of the deed]] attempts of [[Giovanni Passannante]], [[Juan Oliva Moncasi]], [[Max Hödel]] and [[Karl Nobiling]]. Paul Brousse then returned to France in 1880 and progressively became more reformist. He began to take part in the [[French Workers' Party]] (POF) and then, after a scission, to the [[Federation of the Socialist Workers of France]] (FTSF), which became known as the "[[Possibilism (politics)|possibilists]]". He voted at the August 1886 international congress in London along with [[Jules Guesde]] for the expulsion of the "[[anti-authoritarian]] socialists", as were known the anarchists. The possibilists then joined [[Jean Jaurès]]'s [[French Socialist Party (1902)|French Socialist Party]] in 1902, which fused with others movements in 1905 to create the [[French Section of the Workers' International]] (SFIO). ==Further reading== * ''From anarchism to reformism: a study of the political activities of Paul Brousse 1870-90'', by [[David A. T. Stafford|David Stafford]], Weidenfeld & Nicolson London, 1971. ==External links== *{{commonscatinline|Paul Brousse}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brousse, Paul}} [[Category:1844 births]] [[Category:1912 deaths]] [[Category:People from Montpellier]] [[Category:Politicians from Languedoc-Roussillon]] [[Category:French anarchists]] [[Category:French Workers' Party politicians]] [[Category:Federation of the Socialist Workers of France politicians]] [[Category:French Socialist Party (1902) politicians]] [[Category:French Section of the Workers' International politicians]] [[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic]] [[Category:Members of the International Workingmen's Association]] [[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]]'