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'{{Infobox building | name = Rietveld Schröder House | native_name = ''{{lang|nl|Rietveld Schröderhuis}}'' | image = Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-20.JPG | caption = The exterior of the Rietveld Schröder House | former_names = | alternate_names = | map_type = | building_type = | architectural_style = ''[[De Stijl]]'' | structural_system = | cost = | location = [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[Netherlands]] | client = | owner = | current_tenants = | landlord = | coordinates = {{coord|52|5|7|N|5|8|50|E|display=inline,title|region:NL_type:landmark_scale:10000}} | altitude = | start_date = | completion_date = {{end date|1924}} | inauguration_date = | demolition_date = | height = | diameter = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = | floor_area = | main_contractor = | architect = [[Gerrit Rietveld]] | structural_engineer = | services_engineer = | civil_engineer = | other_designers = | quantity_surveyor = | embedded = {{designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) | designation1_date = [[List of World Heritage Sites by year of inscription#2000 (24th session)|2000]] <small>(24th [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small> | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = i, ii | designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/965 965] | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = [[Netherlands]] | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]] }} | awards = | designations = | references = }} The '''Rietveld Schröder House''' ({{lang-nl|Rietveld Schröderhuis}}) (also known as the '''Schröder House''') in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] was built in 1924 by Dutch [[architect]] [[Gerrit Rietveld]] for Mrs. [[Truus Schröder-Schräder]]<ref name=mr>{{cite Monumentenregister|monumentID=18329|name=Rietveld Schröder huis|accessdate=9 February 2012}}</ref> and her three children. She commissioned the house to be designed preferably without walls. Rietveld worked side by side with Schröder-Schräder to create the house. He sketched the first possible design for the building; Schröder-Schrader was not pleased. She envisioned a house that was free from association and could create a connection between the inside and outside. The house is one of the best known examples of ''[[De Stijl]]''-architecture and arguably the only true ''De Stijl'' building. Mrs. Schröder lived in the house until her death in 1985. The house was restored by [[Bertus Mulder]] and now is a museum open for visits, run by the [[Centraal Museum]]. It is a listed monument since 1976<ref name=mr/> and [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] since 2000.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) | work = World Heritage Centre | publisher = [[UNESCO]] | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/965/ | accessdate = 2007-05-06 }}</ref> ==Architecture== The Rietveld Schröder House constitutes both inside and outside a radical break with all [[architecture]] before it. The two-story house is situated in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], at the end of a [[Terraced house|terrace]], but it makes no attempt to relate to its neighbouring buildings (although it shares an exterior wall with the last house in the terrace). It faces a motorway built in the 1960s. [[Image:Schroderhuis maquette.jpg|thumb|left|[[Maquette]], ca 1985]] Inside there is no static accumulation of rooms, but a dynamic, changeable open zone.<ref>Alfirevic Djordje, Simonovic-Alfirevic Sanja. ''[https://www.academia.edu/30239295/Open-plan_in_Housing_Architecture_Origin_Development_and_Design_Approaches_for_Spatial_Integration_Otvoreni_plan_u_stambenoj_arhitekturi_Poreklo_razvoj_i_pristupi_prostornom_integrisanju_ Open-plan in Housing Architecture: Origin, Development and Design Approaches for Spatial Integration / Otvoreni plan u stambenoj arhitekturi: Poreklo, razvoj i pristupi prostornom integrisanju]''. Arhitektura i urbanizam (Belgrade), No.43 (2016), pp.&nbsp;45–60.</ref> The ground floor can still be termed traditional; ranged around a central staircase are kitchen and three sit/bedrooms. The living area upstairs, stated as being an attic to satisfy the fire regulations of the planning authorities, in fact forms a large open zone except for a separate [[toilet]] and a [[bathroom]]. Rietveld wanted to leave the upper level as it was. Mrs Schröder, however, felt that as living space it should be usable in either form, open or subdivided. This was achieved with a system of sliding and revolving panels. Mrs Schröder used these panels to open up the space of the second floor to allow more of an open area for her and her 3 children, leaving the option still of closing or separating the rooms when desired. When entirely partitioned in, the living level comprises three bedrooms, bathroom and living room. In-between this and the open state is a wide variety of possible permutations, each providing its own spatial experience. [[File:Casa Rietveld Schröder 11.jpg|thumb|The "invisible corner"]] The [[facade]]s are a collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from, and seem to glide past, one another. This enabled the provision of several [[balcony|balconies]]. Like Rietveld's [[Red and Blue Chair]], each component has its own form, position and [[colour]]. Colours were chosen as to strengthen the plasticity of the facades; surfaces in white and shades of grey, black window and doorframes, and a number of linear elements in [[primary colour]]s. There is little distinction between interior and exterior space. The rectilinear lines and planes flow from outside to inside, with the same colour palette and surfaces. Even the windows are hinged so that they can only open 90 degrees to the wall, preserving strict design standards about intersecting planes, and further blurring the delineation of inside and out. ==Construction== Initially, Rietveld wanted to construct the house out of concrete. It turned out that it would be too expensive to do that on such a small building. The foundations and the balconies were the only parts of the building that were made out of concrete. The walls were made of brick and plaster. The window frames and doors were made from wood as well as the floors, which were supported by wooden beams. To support the building, steel girders with wire mesh were used. {{cn|date=October 2015}} ==World Heritage Site== The World Heritage Committee inscribed the Rietveld Schröder House on the [[UNESCO]] list of [[World Heritage Site]]s on 2 December 2000, during the 24th session in [[Cairns]], [[Australia]]. The committee decided to apply criterion i and ii, and said about the house:<ref>{{cite web | title = Nomination file | work = World Heritage Centre | publisher = [[UNESCO]] | url = http://whc.unesco.org/p_dynamic/sites/passfile.cfm?filename=965&filetype=pdf&category=nominations | format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-05-06 }}</ref> {{quote|The Rietveld Schröderhuis in Utrecht is an icon of the Modern Movement in architecture and an outstanding expression of human creative genius in its purity of ideas and concepts as developed by the ''De Stijl'' movement. (...) With its radical approach to design and the use of space, the Rietveld Schröderhuis occupies a seminal position in the development of architecture in the modern age.}} ==Commemorations== The house was honored in two euro coins issued by the Royal Dutch Mint in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | title = Two new Netherlands Euro coins depicting Rietveld Schröder House | work = Allnumis | publisher = [[Allnumis.com]] | url = http://news.allnumis.com/two-new-netherlands-euro-coins-depicting-rietveld-schroder-house.html | accessdate = 8 June 2013 }}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery> Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-7.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-15.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-1.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-13.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-14.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-3.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-4.JPG Image:Rietveld Schröderhuis HayKranen-6.JPG </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Rietveld Schröder House}} {{Rijksmonument|18329}} *[http://centraalmuseum.nl/en/visit/locations/rietveld-schroder-house/ Rietveld Schröder House] *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/965 Rietveld Schröder House] at the UNESCO World Heritage Centre *[http://www.roland-collection.com/rolandcollection/section/17/502B.htm Video tour of Schroder House] *[http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/schroder/index.htm Galinsky page, with photos] *[http://cuicui.be/rietveld-schroder-house/ Visit site in 360° panophotography] {{World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rietveld Schroder House}} [[Category:Houses completed in 1924]] [[Category:De Stijl]] [[Category:Houses in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Museums in Utrecht (city)]] [[Category:Rijksmonuments in Utrecht (city)]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Modernist architecture in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Architecture museums in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Historic house museums in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Gerrit Rietveld buildings]]'