Examine individual changes

''''Data curation''' is a broad term used to indicate processes and activities related to the organization and integration of [[data]] collected from various sources, annotation of the data, and publication and presentation of the data such that the value of the data is maintained over time, and the data remains available for reuse and preservation. Data curation includes "all the processes needed for principled and [[Data governance|controlled data]] creation, maintenance, and [[Data management|management]], together with the capacity to add value to data".<ref>[[Renée J. Miller]], [http://comad.in/comad2014/Proceedings/Keynote2.pdf “Big Data Curation”] in 20th International Conference on Management of Data (COMAD) 2014, Hyderabad, India, December 17–19, 2014</ref> In science, data curation may indicate the process of extraction of important information from scientific texts, such as research articles by experts, to be converted into an electronic format, such as an entry of a biological database.<ref>[http://biocreative.sourceforge.net/biocreative_glossary.html Bio creative Glossary]. Retrieved on 3 October 2016.</ref> In the modern era of [[big data]] the curation of data has become more prominent, particularly for [[software]] processing high volume and complex data systems.<ref name="haofda">{{cite book |title=Handbook of Data Intensive Computing |last=Furht |first=Borko |author2=Armando Escalante |year=2011 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781461414155 |page=32 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=gsk6XpZgGYwC |accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> The term is also used in historical uses and the humanities,<ref name="dicuhu">{{cite book |title=Digital Curation in the Digital Humanities: Preserving and Promoting Archival and Special Collections |last=Sabharwal |first=Arjun |year=2015 |publisher=Chandos Publishing |isbn=9780081001783 |page=60 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=GpiKBAAAQBAJ |accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> where increasing cultural and scholarly data from [[digital humanities]] projects requires the expertise and analytical practices of data curation.<ref>"An Introduction to Humanities Data Curation" by Julia Flanders and Trevor Muñoz http://guide.dhcuration.org/intro/</ref> In broad terms, curation means a range of activities and processes done to create, manage, maintain, and [[Data validation|validate]] a [[Data element|component]].<ref>[http://www.pilin.net.au/Project_Documents/Glossary.htm Pilin Glossary].</ref> == Definition and practice == Data curation is typically [[user (system)|user]] initiated and maintains [[metadata]] rather than the database itself.<ref name="deanop"/> According to the [[University of Illinois]]' Graduate School of Library and Information Science, "Data curation is the active and on-going management of data through its lifecycle of interest and usefulness to scholarship, science, and education; curation activities enable data discovery and retrieval, maintain quality, add value, and provide for re-use over time."<ref name=cragin>{{cite journal|last=Cragin|first=Melissa|author2=Heidorn, P. Bryan |author3=Palmer, Carole L. |author4= Smith, Linda C. |title=An Educational Program on Data Curation|journal=ALA Science & Technology Section Conference|year=2007|url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/3493|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> The data curation workflow is distinct from [[data quality]] management, [[Information privacy|data protection]], [[Information Lifecycle Management|lifecycle management]] and [[Extract, transform, load|data movement]].<ref name="deanop">{{cite book |title=Designing and Operating a Data Reservoir |last=Chessell |first=Mandy |author2=Nigel L Jones |author3=Jay Limburn |author4=David Radley |author5=Kevin Shank |year=2015 |publisher=IBM Redbooks |isbn=9780837440668 |page=111-113 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=-BWrCQAAQBAJ |accessdate=2 October 2016}}</ref> Deep background on data libraries appeared in a 1982 issue of the Illinois journal, ''Library Trends.''<ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/2142/7218 Heim, Kathleen M. (editor), ''Library Trends 30 (3) Winter 1982: Data Libraries for the Social Sciences.'' Graduate School of Library and Information Science. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.]</ref> For historical background on the data archive movement, see "Social Scientific Information Needs for Numeric Data: The Evolution of the International Data Archive Infrastructure."<ref>Kathleen M. Heim, "Social Scientific Information Needs for Numeric Data: The Evolution of the International Data Archive Infrastructure." in ''Collection Management'' 9 (Spring 1987): 1-53.</ref> The exact curation process undertaken within any organisation depends on the volume of data, how much noise the data contains and what the expected future use of the data means to its dissemination.<ref name="haofda"/> This term is sometimes used in context of [[biological databases]], where specific biological information is firstly obtained from a range of research articles and then stored within a specific category of database. For instance, information about anti-depressant drugs can be obtained from various sources and, after checking whether they are available as a database or not, they are saved under a drug's database's anti-depressive category. Enterprises are also utilizing data curation within their operational and strategic processes to ensure data quality and accuracy.<ref>E. Curry, A. Freitas, and S. O’Riáin, [http://3roundstones.com/led_book/led-curry-et-al.html “The Role of Community-Driven Data Curation for Enterprises,”] in Linking Enterprise Data, D. Wood, Ed. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010, pp. 25-47. ISBN 978-1-4419-7664-2</ref><ref>A. Freitas, E. Curry, [https://www.insight-centre.org/sites/default/files/publications/newhorizons_online.pdf “Big Data Curation,”] in New Horizons for a Data-Driven Economy, Springer (Open Access), 2015.</ref> == Projects and studies == The Dissemination Information Packages (DIPS) for Information Reuse (DIPIR) project is studying research data produced and used by quantitative social scientists, archaeologists, and zoologists. The intended audience is researchers who use secondary data and the digital curators, digital repository managers, data center staff, and others who collect, manage, and store digital information.<ref>Dissemination Information Packages for Information Reuse (DIPIR) project http://www.oclc.org/research/themes/user-studies/dipir.html</ref> ==See also== {{Portal|Computing|Literature}} * [[Biocurator]] * [[Data archaeology]] * [[Data degradation]] * [[Data format management]] * [[Data stewardship]] * [[Informationist]], an individual with extensive industry expertise, acute familiarity with organizational structures and processes, deep domain level information mastery and information systems technical savvy ==References== {{Reflist|2}} ==External links== * Curation of ecological and environmental data: [http://www.dataone.org/ DataONE] * Data management tools and services spanning multiple scientific disciplines: [http://www.dataconservancy.org/ DataConservancy] {{data}} [[Category:Bioinformatics]] [[Category:Information science]]'