Examine individual changes

'{{Selfref|"Wikipedia in the news" redirects here. For an overview of Wikipedia mentioned in other media, see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia in the media]].}} '''History of Wikipedia''' concerns [[Wikipedia]], an online [[encyclopedia]] that can be edited by anyone and that aims to provide free encyclopedic information to its readers. It was formally launched on 15 January 2001 by [[Jimmy Wales]] and [[Larry Sanger]] using the concept and technology of a [[wiki]] pioneered by [[Ward Cunningham]]. The earliest known proposal for an online encyclopedia was made by [[Rick Gates]] in 1993.<ref>[http://listserv.uh.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9310d&L=pacs-l&T=0&P=1418 PACS-L Listserv message "The Internet Encyclopedia", Oct 25, 1993]</ref> The concept of an open source web-based online encyclopedia was proposed by [[Richard Stallman]] around 1999. Initially Wikipedia was created as a complement and 'feeder' to the expert-written [[American English|English-language]] encyclopedia project '[[Nupedia]]', in order to provide an additional source of draft articles and ideas. It quickly overtook Nupedia, growing to become a large global project, and originating a wide range of additional reference projects. Today Wikipedia includes over 14 million [[copyleft|freely usable]] articles in hundreds of languages{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} worldwide, and content from millions of contributors. [[File:WPsize.png|thumb| Wikipedia has grown to over three million articles.]] ==History overview== ===Background=== The concept of gathering all of the world's knowledge in a single place goes back to the ancient [[Library of Alexandria]] and [[Pergamon]], but the modern concept of a general purpose, widely distributed, printed [[encyclopedia]] dates from shortly before [[Denis Diderot]] and the 18th century [[encyclopedist]]s. The idea of using automated machinery beyond the [[printing press]] to build a more useful encyclopedia can be traced to librarian [[Charles Ammi Cutter]]'s article "[[wikisource:The Buffalo Public Library in 1983|The Buffalo Public Library in 1983]]" (''[[Library Journal]]'', 1883, p.&nbsp;211–217), [[Paul Otlet]]'s book ''Traité de documentation'' (1934; Otlet also founded the [[Mundaneum]] institution, 1910), [[H. G. Wells]]' book of essays ''[[World Brain]]'' (1938) and [[Vannevar Bush]]'s future vision of the [[microfilm]] based [[Memex]] in ''[[As We May Think]]'' (1945). Another milestone was [[Ted Nelson]]'s [[Project Xanadu]] in 1973. While previous encyclopedias, notably the [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] were book-based, Microsoft's [[Encarta]] published in 1993, was available on CD-ROM, and [[hyperlink]]ed. With the development of the [[world wide web|web]], many people attempted to develop [[Internet encyclopedia project]]s. An early proposal was [[Interpedia]] in 1993 by [[Rick Gates]]<ref>[http://listserv.uh.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9310d&L=pacs-l&T=0&P=1418 PACS-L Listserv message "The Internet Encyclopedia", Oct 25, 1993]</ref>; but this project died before generating any encyclopedic content. [[Free software]] exponent [[Richard Stallman]] described the usefulness of a "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html |title=The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource }}</ref> His published document "aims to lay out what the free encyclopedia needs to do, what sort of freedoms it needs to give the public, and how we can get started on developing it." On 17 January 2001, two days after the start of Wikipedia, the [[Free Software Foundation]]'s [[GNUPedia]] project went online, competing with [[Nupedia]],<ref>[http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=9990&threshold=1&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=502603]</ref> but today the FSF encourages people "to visit and contribute to [Wikipedia]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/ |title=The Free Encyclopedia Project }}</ref> ===Formulation of the concept=== Wikipedia was initially conceived as a feeder project for [[Nupedia]], an earlier (now defunct) project to produce a free online encyclopedia, founded by [[Bomis]], a web-advertising-selling firm owned by [[Jimmy Wales]], [[Tim Shell]] and [[Michael E. Davis]].<ref name="thehive"/><ref name="Jonathan Sidener">{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Sidener |title=Everyone's Encyclopedia |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |publisher=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |date=6 December 2004 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="memoirofwiki"/> Nupedia was founded upon the use of highly qualified volunteer contributors and an elaborate multi-step [[peer review]] process. Despite its mailing-list of interested editors, and the presence of a full-time editor-in-chief, [[Larry Sanger]], a graduate [[philosophy]] student hired by Wales,<ref name="resignation">[http://meta.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=My_resignation--Larry_Sanger&oldid=523212 My resignation: Larry Sanger] (meta.wikimedia.com) - "I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job."</ref> the writing of content was extremely slow with only 12 articles written during the first year.<ref name="memoirofwiki"/> [[Image:Wiki logo Nupedia.jpg|150px|thumb|left|The Wikipedia logo used until late 2001]] [[Image:Wiki logo The Cunctator.png|150px|thumb|left|The logo used from late 2001 until 2003]] [[Image:Wikipedia-logo-en.png|150px|thumb|left|The current logo, used since 2003]] Wales and Sanger discussed various ways to create content more rapidly.<ref name="Jonathan Sidener"/> The idea of a [[wiki]]-based complement originated from a conversation between Larry Sanger and Ben Kovitz.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz">{{cite news |title=Ben Kovitz |url=http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?BenKovitz |publisher=[[WikiWikiWeb]] |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="Glyn Moody">{{cite news |first=Glyn |last=Moody |url=http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,1818630,00.html |title=This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 July 2006 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}-- While casting around for a way to speed up article production, Sanger met with Ben Kovitz, an old friend, in January 2001. Kovitz introduced Sanger to the idea of the wiki, invented in 1995 by Ward Cunningham: web pages that anyone could write and edit. "My first reaction was that this really could be what would solve the problem," Sanger explains, "because the software was already written, and this community of people on WikiWikiWeb" - the first wiki - "had created something like 14,000 pages". Nupedia, by contrast, had produced barely two dozen articles. Sanger took up the idea immediately: "I wrote up a proposal and sent it [to Wales] that evening, and the wiki was then set up for me to work on." But this was not Wikipedia as we know it. "Originally it was the Nupedia Wiki - our idea was to use it as an article incubator for Nupedia. Articles could begin life on this wiki, be developed collaboratively and, when they got to a certain stage of development, be put it into the Nupedia system."</ref><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia">{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Sidener |title=Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060923/news_lz1n23wiki.html |publisher=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |date=23 September 2006 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.}}</ref> Ben Kovitz was a [[computer programmer]] and regular on [[Ward Cunningham]]'s revolutionary wiki "the [[WikiWikiWeb]]". He explained to Sanger what wikis were, at that time a difficult concept to understand, over a dinner on 2 January 2001.<ref name="Ben_Kovitz"/><ref name="Glyn Moody"/><ref name="Origins_of_Wikipedia"/><ref name="the hive"> {{cite news |first=Marshall |last=Poe |title=The Hive |url=http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/3 |publisher=[[The Atlantic Monthly]] |month=September | year=2006 |page=3 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}-- Over tacos that night, Sanger explained his concerns about Nupedia’s lack of progress, the root cause of which was its serial editorial system. As Nupedia was then structured, no stage of the editorial process could proceed before the previous stage was completed. Kovitz brought up the wiki and sketched out “wiki magic,” the mysterious process by which communities with common interests work to improve wiki pages by incremental contributions. If it worked for the rambunctious hacker culture of programming, Kovitz said, it could work for any online collaborative project. The wiki could break the Nupedia bottleneck by permitting volunteers to work simultaneously all over the project. With Kovitz in tow, Sanger rushed back to his apartment and called Wales to share the idea. Over the next few days he wrote a formal proposal for Wales and started a page on Cunningham’s wiki called “WikiPedia.”</ref> Wales first stated, in October 2001, that "Larry had the idea to use Wiki software",<ref name="wikipedia-l-000671"/> though he later claimed in December 2005 that Jeremy Rosenfeld, a [[Bomis]] employee, introduced him to the concept.<ref name="Wired News"> {{cite news |title=Assignment Zero First Take: Wiki Innovators Rethink Openness |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2007/05/assignment_zero_citizendium |publisher=[[Wired News]] |date=3 May 2007 |accessdate=1 November 2007 |quote=}}Wired.com states: "Wales offered the following on-the-record comment in an e-mail to NewAssignment.net editor [and NYU Professor] [[Jay Rosen]] ...'Larry Sanger was my employee working under my direct supervision during the entire process of launching Wikipedia. He was not the originator of the proposal to use a wiki for the encyclopedia project -- that was Jeremy Rosenfeld'."</ref><ref name="cadenhead">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadenhead.org/workbench/news/2828/wikipedia-founder-looks-out-number-1|author=Rogers Cadenhead|accessdate=15 October 2006|title=Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1}}</ref><ref name="rosenfeld">Also stated on Wikipedia, on 2 December 2005 [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&diff=next&oldid=29849184 permanent reference]</ref> Sanger thought a wiki would be a good platform to use, and proposed on the Nupedia [[mailing list]] that a wiki based upon [[UseModWiki]] (then v. 0.90) be set up as a "feeder" project for Nupedia. Under the subject "Let's make a wiki", he wrote: {{cquote|No, this is not an indecent proposal. It's an idea to add a little feature to Nupedia. Jimmy Wales thinks that many people might find the idea objectionable, but I think not. (…) As to Nupedia's use of a wiki, this is the ULTIMATE "open" and simple format for developing content. We have occasionally bandied about ideas for simpler, more open projects to either replace or supplement Nupedia. It seems to me wikis can be implemented practically instantly, need very little maintenance, and in general are very low-risk. They're also a potentially great source for content. So there's little downside, as far as I can determine.}} Wales set one up and put it online on 10 January 2001.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Larry Sanger]]|title=Let's make a wiki|date=10 January 2001|publisher=Nupedia mailing list |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html}}</ref> ===Founding of Wikipedia=== There was considerable resistance on the part of Nupedia's editors and reviewers to the idea of associating Nupedia with a wiki-style website. Sanger suggested giving the new project its own name, ''Wikipedia'', and Wikipedia was soon launched on its own domain, <tt>wikipedia.com</tt>, on 15 January 2001. The [[bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] and [[Server (computing)|server]] (located in San Diego) used for these projects were donated by Bomis. Many current and past [[Bomis]] employees have contributed some content to the encyclopedia: notably [[Tim Shell]], co-founder and current CEO of Bomis, and programmer Jason Richey. The first edits ever made on Wikipedia are believed to be test edits by [[Jimmy Wales|Wales]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2007}} However, the oldest article still preserved is the article [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:UuU&oldid=291430 UuU], created on 16 January 2001, at 21:08 UTC.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia's_oldest_articles Wikipedia:Wikipedia's oldest articles]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> .<ref>The Wikipedia Revolution, by Andrew Lih</ref> [[Image:UuU.png|thumb|right|The '''UuU''' edit, the first edit that is still preserved on Wikipedia to this day, as it appears using the ''Nostalgia'' skin.]] The project received many new participants after being mentioned three times on the [[Slashdot]] website,{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}} with two minor mentions in March 2001.<ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/02/1422244&tid=99 Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer] 5 March 2001</ref><ref>[http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/29/2035230&tid=95 Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes] 29 March 2001</ref> It then received a prominent pointer to a story on the community-edited technologies and culture website [[Kuro5hin]] on 25 July.<ref>[http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2001/7/25/103136/121 Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias] 25 July 2001</ref> Between these relatively rapid influxes of traffic, there had been a steady stream of traffic from other sources, especially [[Google]], which alone sent hundreds of new visitors to the site every day. Its first major [[mainstream media]] coverage was in the ''[[New York Times]]'' on 20 September 2001.<ref>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E5D6123BF933A1575AC0A9679C8B63 Fact driven? Collegial? This site wants you]", ''New York Times'', 20 September 2001</ref> The project passed 1,000 articles around 12 February 2001, and 10,000 articles around 7 September. In the first year of its existence, over 20,000 encyclopedia entries were created&mdash;a rate of over 1,500 articles per month. On 30 August 2002, the article count reached 40,000. The rate of growth has more or less steadily increased since the inception of the project, except for a few software- and hardware-induced slow-downs.{{Dubious|date=December 2007}} ===Namespaces and internationalization=== Early in Wikipedia's development, it began to expand internationally, with the creation of new namespaces, each with a distinct set of usernames. The first domain created for a non-English Wikipedia was ''[[German Wikipedia|deutsche.wikipedia.com]]'' (created on 16 March 2001, 01:38 UTC),<ref>[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-March/000049.html Alternative language wikipedias]</ref> followed after a few hours by ''[[Catalan Wikipedia|Catalan.wikipedia.com]]'' (at 13:07 UTC).<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010413083954/catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=history&id=HomePage History of the Catalan Homepage]</ref> The Japanese Wikipedia, started as [[Japanese Wikipedia|nihongo.wikipedia.com]], was created around that period,<ref>[[Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine|The Wayback Machine]]: An early [http://web.archive.org/web/20010420120143/nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?action=browse&id=HomePage&revision=3 Japanese Wikipedia HomePage] (revision #3), dated 20 March 2001 23:00. Accessed 4 November 2008.</ref><ref>An [[Internet Archive]]'s snapshot of English Wikipedia [http://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http://www.wikipedia.com/ HomePage], dated 30 March 2001, showing links to the three first sister projects, "Deutsch (German)", "Catalan", and "Nihongo (Japanese)".</ref> and initially used only [[Romanization of Japanese|Romanized]] Japanese. For about two months Catalan was the one with the most articles in a non-English language,<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_%282001%29 Multilingual monthly statistics]</ref><ref>[http://ca.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=%C3%80bac&oldid=1 First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia]</ref> although statistics of that early period are imprecise.<ref>This [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Multilingual_monthly_statistics_(2001)&oldid=192353617 table], for instance, misses Japanese and German articles such as [http://web.archive.org/web/20010421123743/nihongo.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nihongo_no_funimekusu this one] and [http://web.archive.org/web/20010411030440/deutsche.wikipedia.com/wiki/Nupedia_Deutsch-L_Sektion this one,] both dated 6 April 2001.</ref> The [[French Wikipedia]] was created on or around 11 May 2001,<ref>The [http://fr.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikip%C3%A9dia:Historique_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia_en_fran%C3%A7ais&oldid=34816819 Documentation on the French Wikipedia] mentions the date of 23 March 2001, but this date is not supported by Wikipedia snapshots on the [[Internet Archive]], nor by Jason Richney's letter, which was dated 11 May 2001 (see below).</ref> in a wave of new language versions that also included [[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]], [[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]], [[Esperanto Wikipedia|Esperanto]], [[Hebrew Wikipedia|Hebrew]], [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]], <!--[[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], commenting out: although Japanese Wikipedia was announced together with the others on that email, it already existed under the domain nihongo.wikipedia.com-->[[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]], [[Russian Wikipedia|Russian]], [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]], and [[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]].<ref>[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-May/000116.html Letter of Jason Richey to wikipedia-l mailing list] 11 May 2001</ref> These languages were soon joined by [[Arabic Wikipedia|Arabic]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20011118054300/ar.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?HomePage HomePage from the Internet Archive]</ref> and [[Hungarian Wikipedia|Hungarian]].<ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Announcements_2001#May_2001 Wikipedia:Announcements] May 2001</ref><ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/wiki.phtml?title=International_Wikipedia&action=history International_Wikipedia]</ref> In September 2001, an announcement pledged commitment to the multilingual provision of Wikipedia,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Announcements 2001#September 2001|Wikipedia: Announcements 2001]]</ref> notifying users of an upcoming roll-out of Wikipedias for all major languages, the establishment of core standards, and a push for the translation of core pages for the new wikis. At the end of that year, when international statistics first began to be logged, [[Afrikaans Wikipedia|Afrikaans]], [[Norwegian Wikipedia|Norwegian]], and [[Serbian Wikipedia|Serbian]] versions were announced.<ref>[http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:International_wikipedias_statistics International wikipedias statistics]</ref> In January 2002, 90% of all Wikipedia articles were in English. By January 2004, less than 50% were English, and this internationalization has continued to increase. As of 2007, around 75% of all Wikipedia articles are contained within non-English Wikipedia versions. ===Development=== In March 2002, following the withdrawal of funding by Bomis during the dot-com bust, Larry Sanger left both Nupedia and Wikipedia.<ref name="Stacy Schiff">{{cite news |first=Stacy |last=Schiff |title=Know It All |url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=31 July 2006 |accessdate=25 April 2009}}</ref> By 2004 Sanger and Wales had differences in their views on how best to manage open encyclopedias. Both still supported the open-collaboration concept, but the two differed on how best to handle disruptive editors, specific roles for experts, and the best way to guide the project to success.[[Image:Old Wikipedia.png|thumb|left|A Screenshot from the main page, 28 September 2002.]] Wales, a believer in communal governance and "hands off" executive management, {{Citation needed|date=September 2007}} went on to establish self-governance and [[bottom-up]] self-direction by editors on Wikipedia. He made it clear that he would not be involved in the community's day to day management, but would encourage it to learn to self-manage and find its own best approaches. As of 2007, Wales mostly restricts his own role to occasional input on serious matters, executive activity, advocacy of knowledge, and encouragement of similar reference projects. Sanger says he is an "inclusionist" and is open to almost anything. He proposed that experts still have a place in the Web 2.0 world. He returned briefly to academia, then after joining the [[Digital Universe]] Foundation, went on to found [[Citizendium]], an alternative open encyclopedia which uses real names for contributors in order to reduce disruptive editing, and set in place a role for "gentle expert guidance" to help ensure the accuracy of information. Decisions about article content will be up to the community, but the site will include a statement about "family-friendly content." He has stated that he intends to leave in a few years, when the project and its management are established.<ref name="Nate Anderson"/> ===Organization=== The Wikipedia project has grown rapidly in the course of its life, at several levels. Individual wikis have grown organically through the addition of new articles, new wikis have been added in English and non-English languages, and entire new projects replicating these growth methods in other related areas (news, quotations, reference books and so on) have been founded as well. Respectively, Wikipedia itself has grown, with the creation of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] to act as an umbrella body and the growth of software and policies to address the needs of the editorial community. These are documented below: ==Historical overview by year== :''Articles summarizing each year are held within the Wikipedia project namespace and are linked to below. Additional resources for research are available within the Wikipedia records and archives, and are listed at the end of this article.<!-- DONE THIS WAY SINCE MANY OF THESE LINKS WOULD BE SELFREFS, AND YET WORTHWHILE POINTING OUT THEIR EXISTENCE TO RESEARCHERS--> ===2000=== The [[Nupedia]] project is started with Larry Sanger running the daily operations and formulating many of the initial policies. ===2001=== The ''Wikipedia.com'' and ''Wikipedia.org'' domain names are registered on 12 January 2001<ref>[[Network Solutions]] (2007) ''[http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.com WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.com from Network Solutions]'' Accessed 27 July 2007.</ref> and 13 January 2001,<ref>[[Network Solutions]] (2007) ''[http://www.networksolutions.com/whois/results.jsp?domain=wikipedia.org WHOIS domain registration information results for wikipedia.org from Network Solutions]'' Accessed 27 July 2007.</ref> respectively, with the latter being brought online on 13 January 2001, [http://www.alexa.com/data/details/main?q=&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page according to Alexa]; project formally opens 15 Jan ('[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Day|Wikipedia Day]]'); the first international Wikipedias are created (March-May: French, German, [[Catalan language|Catalan]], Swedish); "Neutral point of view" (NPOV) policy is formally formulated; first [[slashdot effect|slashdotter wave]] arrives 26 July. The first media report about Wikipedia appears in August 2001 coincidentally by the newspaper ''[[Western Mail (Wales)|Wales on Sunday]]''.<ref>[[Western Mail (Wales)|Wales on Sunday]] (26 August 2001) ''Knowledge at your fingertips. Game On : Internet Chat.''(writing, "Both Encarta and Britannica are official publications with well-deserved reputations. But there are other options, such as the homemade encyclopaedias. One is Wikipedia (www. wikipedia. com) which uses clever software to build an encyclopaedia from scratch. Wiki is software installed on a web server that allows anyone to edit any of the pages. At the Wikipedia, anyone can write about any subject they know about. The idea is that over time, enough experts will offer their knowledge for free and build up the world's ultimate hand-built database of knowledge. The disadvantage is that it's still an ongoing project. So far about 8,000 articles have been written and the editors are aiming for 100,000.")</ref> The [[11 September 2001 attacks]] spur the appearance of breaking news stories on the homepage, as well as information boxes linking related articles.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20011010233257/http://www.wikipedia.com/ October, 2001 snapshot of the homepage] shows the "Breaking News" header up top as well as the 11 September 2001 block of articles under "Current events"; the [http://web.archive.org/web/20011010230439/www.wikipedia.com/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack 9/11 page] shows the activist nature of the page, as well as the large number of subtopics created to cover the event.</ref> ===2002=== Year 2002 sees: the end of funding from [[Bomis]] and the departure of [[Larry Sanger]]; the [[fork (software development)|forking]] of the [[Spanish Wikipedia]] to establish the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]''; and the creation of the first portable [[Mediawiki]] software (went live 25 Jan){{Dubious|date=June 2009}}. Bots are introduced, Jimmy Wales confirms Wikipedia would never run commercial advertising, and the first sister project ([[Wiktionary]]) and first formal [[Manual of Style]] are launched. A separate board of directors to supervise the project is proposed and initially discussed at [[Meta-Wikipedia]]. ===2003=== Mathematical formulae using [[TeX]] are introduced; English Wikipedia passes 100,000 articles (the next largest, German, passes 10,000); the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] is established; Wikipedia adopts its jigsaw world [[logo]]; and the first Wikipedian social meeting is organized. The basic principles of Wikipedia's {{srlink|Wikipedia:ArbCom|Arbitration system and committee}} (known colloquially as "Arbcom") are developed mostly by {{srlink|User:Florence Devouard|Florence Devouard}}, {{srlink|User:Fred Bauder|Fred Bauder}} and other key early Wikipedians. ===2004=== The worldwide Wikipedia article pool continues to grow rapidly, doubling in size in 12 months, from under 500,000 articles to over 1 million (English Wikipedia was just less than half of these) in over 100 languages. The server farms are moved from [[California]] to [[Florida]]; {{srlink|Wikipedia:Categories|Categories}} and [[CSS]] style configuration sheets are introduced; and the first attempt to block Wikipedia occurs (China, June 2004, duration 2 weeks). Formal election of a board and ArbCom begin - Devouard is the only person elected who was instrumental in ArbCom{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}. She and others begin to criticize balance and focus problems and lead efforts to fill in articles in neglected areas. The first formal projects are proposed to deliberately balance content and seek out [[systemic bias]] arising from Wikipedia's community structure. ===2005=== Multilingual and subject portals are established; the first quarter's formal fundraiser raises almost [[US $]] 100,000 for system upgrades to handle growing demand; Wikipedia becomes the most popular reference website on the Internet according to [[Hitwise]]; China again blocks Wikipedia (October); English Wikipedia passes 750,000 articles. The first Wikipedia scandal occurs, when a well known figure is found to have a vandalized biography which had gone unnoticed for months (the "[[Seigenthaler incident]]"). In the wake of this and other concerns,<ref name="Brandt">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons WP:BLP] started 17 December 2005 with narrative "I started this due to the Daniel Brandt situation". [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons&oldid=31753956]</ref> the first policy and system changes specifically designed to counter this form of abuse are established. These include a new [[m:CheckUser policy|Checkuser]] privilege policy update (checkuser is a Mediawiki tool that assists in [[Sockpuppet (Internet)|sock puppetry]] investigations), a new feature called {{srlink|Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|semi-protection}}, a more strict policy on biographies of living people and tagging of such articles for stricter review, and restriction of new article creation to registered users only. ===2006=== English Wikipedia gains its 1½ millionth article; the first approved Wikipedia article selection is made freely available to download; "Wikipedia" becomes registered as a trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation; The [[congressional staffer edits to Wikipedia|congressional aides biography scandals]] come to public attention: multiple incidents in which congressional staffers and a campaign manager are caught trying to covertly alter Wikipedia biographies, the campaign manager resigns. Jimmy Wales indicates, at Wikimania 2006, that Wikipedia has achieved sufficient volume and calls for an emphasis on quality, perhaps best expressed in the call for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:100%2C000_feature-quality_articles 100,000 feature-quality articles]; A new privilege "oversight" is created allowing specific versions of archived pages with unacceptable content to be marked as non-viewable; Semi-protection against anonymous vandalism, introduced in 2005, proves more popular than anticipated, with over 1,000 pages semi-protected at any given time. Wikipedia is rated as one of the top 2006 global brands.<ref>[http://www.brandchannel.com/start1.asp?fa_id=352 Similar Search Results: Google Wins] 29 January 2007</ref> ===2007=== Wikipedia continues to grow, with some 5 million registered editor accounts;<ref>See the special page: [[Special:Statistics]]: 5,078,036 registered user accounts as at 13 August 2007, excluding anonymous editors who have not created accounts.</ref> the combined Wikipedias in all languages together contain 1.74 billion words in 7.5 million articles in approximately 250 languages;<ref>Source: [[Wikipedia:Size comparisons]] as at 13 August 2007</ref> the English Wikipedia gains a steady 1,700 articles a day,<ref>From around Q3 2006 Wikipedia's growth rate has been approximately linear, source: [[Wikipedia:Statistics]] - new article count by month 2006-2007.</ref> with the wikipedia.org domain name ranked at around the 10th busiest on the Internet (See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Statistics Wikipedia Statistics]); Wikipedia continues to garner visibility in [[:Category:Wikipedia publicity|the press]] and to slowly but steadily [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a court source|gain traction as a tertiary source]] both in serious legal decision-making and as a source of collated information on current events; the [[Essjay controversy]] breaks when a prominent member of Wikipedia is found to have lied about his credentials; [[Citizendium]] launches publicly; a trend develops that the encyclopedia addresses people whose notability stems from being a participant in a news story by adding a redirect from their name to the larger story, rather than creation of a distinct biographical article.<ref>E.g., cases such as [[Crystal Gail Mangum]] and Daniel Brandt.</ref> ===2008=== Various {{srlink|Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects}} in many areas continue to expand and refine article contents within their scope. In April, the 10 millionth Wikipedia article was created and several months later the English Wikipedia exceeded 2.5 million articles. ===2009=== In August 2009, the number of articles in all Wikipedias totalled 14 million.<ref name="wikistats">[http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm "Wikipedia Statistics, Article count (official)"], ''Wikimedia.org'', retrieved 10-14-2009</ref> The English Wikipedia reached 2.8 million articles on 20 March 2009 and 2.9 million articles on 4 June 2009. Three million articles was reached on 17 August 2009 at 04:05 UTC. There are {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} English articles as of 1 January 2010. The Arbitration Committee of the Wikipedia internet encyclopedia {{srlink|WP:ARBSCI|decided in May 2009}} to restrict access to its site from Church of Scientology IP addresses, to prevent self-serving edits by Scientologists.<ref>[[Telegraph]] 30 May 2009 20:30: [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/technology/wikipedia/5408761/Church-of-Scientology-members-banned-from-editing-Wikipedia.html Church of Scientology members banned from editing Wikipedia]</ref><ref name="Huff">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/29/wikipedia-bans-scientolog_n_208967.html|last=Shea|first=Danny|title=Wikipedia Bans Scientology From Site|date=29 May 2009|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=29 May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Metz">{{cite web|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/05/29/wikipedia_bans_scientology/|title=Wikipedia bans Church of Scientology|last=Metz|first=Cade|date=29 May 2009|work=The Register|accessdate=29 May 2009}}</ref> A "host of anti-Scientologist editors" were topic-banned as well.<ref name="Huff" /><ref name="Metz" /> The committee concluded that both sides had "gamed policy" and resorted to "battlefield tactics", with articles on living persons being the "worst casualties".<ref name="Huff" /> A usability study commenced in 2009.<ref>http://usability.wikimedia.org/wiki/UX_and_Usability_Study</ref>{{Clarify|date=October 2009}} ==History by subject area== ===Hardware and software=== {{Main|Mediawiki}} :''The [[software]] that runs Wikipedia, and the [[hardware]], [[server farm]]s and other systems upon which Wikipedia relies.'' * In January 2001, Wikipedia ran on [[UseModWiki]], written in [[Perl]] by [[Clifford Adams]]. The server has run on [[Linux]] to this day, although the original text was stored in files rather than in a database. Articles were named with the [[CamelCase]] convention. * In January 2002, "Phase II" of the wiki software powering Wikipedia was introduced, replacing the older [[UseModWiki]]. Written specifically for the project by [[Magnus Manske]], it included a [[PHP]] [[wiki engine]]. * In July 2002, a [[Rewrite (programming)|major rewrite]] of the software powering Wikipedia went live; dubbed "Phase III", it replaced the older "Phase II" version, and became [[MediaWiki]]. It was written by [[Lee Daniel Crocker]] in response to the increasing demands of the growing project. * In October 2002, Derek Ramsey started to use a "bot", or program, to add a large number of articles about United States towns; these articles were automatically generated from [[U.S. census]] data. Occasionally, similar bots had been used before for other topics. These articles were generally well received, but some users criticized them for their initial uniformity and writing style (for example, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/wiki.phtml?title=La_Grange%2C_Illinois&oldid=2963634 this version] of an original bot-generated town article, and compare to [[La Grange, Illinois|current version]]). * In January 2003, support for mathematical formulas in [[TeX]] was added. The code was contributed by Tomasz Wegrzanowski. * 9 June 2003 - ISBNs in articles now link to Special:Booksources, which fetches its contents from the user-editable page {{srlink|Wikipedia:Book sources|Wikipedia:Book sources}}. Before this, ISBN link targets were coded into the software and new ones were suggested on the {{srlink|Wikipedia:ISBN|Wikipedia:ISBN}} page. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3AISBN&diff=1029062&oldid=1024040 the edit] that changed this. * After 6 December 2003, various system messages shown to Wikipedia users were no longer [[hard coding|hard coded]], allowing Wikipedia {{srlink|WP:ADMIN|administrators}} to modify certain parts of MediaWiki's interface, such as the message shown to blocked users. * On 12 February 2004, server operations were moved from [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], [[California]] to [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2004-February/008418.html | accessdate = 10 February 2007 | title = Server swapping soon}}</ref> * On 29 May 2004, all the various websites were updated to a new version of the [[MediaWiki]] software. * On 30 May 2004, the first instances of "categorization" entries appeared. Category schemes, like Recent Changes and Edit This Page, had existed from the founding of Wikipedia. However, Larry Sanger had viewed the schemes as lists, and even hand-entered articles, whereas the [[categorization]] effort centered on individual categorization entries in each article of the encyclopedia, as part of a larger automatic categorization of the articles of the encyclopedia.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization Wikipedia:Categorization]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> * After 3 June 2004, administrators could edit the ''style'' of the interface by changing the [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] in the monobook stylesheet at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Monobook.css MediaWiki:Monobook.css]. * Also on 30 May 2004, with MediaWiki 1.3, the Template namespace was created, allowing [[transclusion]] of standard texts.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace Wikipedia:Template namespace]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on 17 September 2007.</ref> * On 7 June 2005 at 3:00AM Eastern Standard Time the bulk of the Wikimedia servers were moved to a new facility across the street. All Wikimedia projects were down during this time. ===Look and feel=== :''The external face of Wikipedia, its [[look and feel]], and the Wikipedia [[brand]]ing, as presented to users'' * On 4 April 2002, ''Brilliant Prose'', since renamed to ''Featured Articles'',<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles Wikipedia:Featured articles]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> was moved to the Wikipedia Namespace from the article namespace. * Around 15 October 2003, the current Wikipedia logo was installed. The logo concept was selected by a voting process,<ref name="logovote">{{cite web| url = http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_logo_vote/Finalists| title = International logo vote/Finalists| accessdate = 8 July 2006| work = Meta-Wiki| publisher = Wikimedia}}</ref> which was followed by a revision process to select the best variant. The final selection was created by David Friedland (who edits wikipedia under the username ''"nohat"'') based on a logo design and concept created by Paul Stansifer. * On 22 February 2004, Did You Know (DYK) made [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Did_you_know&oldid=2500457 its first Main Page appearance.] * On 23 February 2004, a coordinated new look for the Main Page appeared [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&oldid=2500386 at 19:46 UTC]. Hand-chosen entries for the Daily Featured Article, Anniversaries, In the News, and Did You Know rounded out the new look. * On 10 January 2005, the multilingual portal at [http://www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org] was set up, replacing a redirect to the English-language Wikipedia. * On 5 February 2005, the {{srlink|Portal:Biology|Portal:Biology}} was created, first "portal" on the English Wikipedia.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biology Portal:Biology]", English Wikipedia. Retrieved on 31 January 2007.</ref> However, the concept was pioneered on the German Wikipedia where [[:de:Portal:Recht|Portal:Recht]] (law studies) was set up in October 2003.<ref>[[:de:Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/2003|Portals on German Wikipedia ordered by date of creation]].</ref> * On 16 July 2005, the English Wikipedia began the practice of including the day's "featured pictures" on the Main Page. * On 19 March 2006, following a vote, the Main Page of the English language Wikipedia featured its first redesign in nearly two years. ===Internal structures=== :''Landmarks in the Wikipedia community, and the development of its organization, [[Wikipedia:Editorial oversight and control|internal structures]], and [[Wikipedia:Policy|policies]].'' * April 2001, Wales formally defines the "neutral point of view",<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010416035757/http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/NeutralPointOfView NeutralPointOfView]</ref> Wikipedia's core non-negotiable editorial policy,<ref>"A few things are absolute and non-negotiable, though. NPOV for example." in [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2003-November/008096.html statement by Jimbo Wales in November 2003] and, [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-April/044379.html in this thread] reconfirmed by [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2006-April/044388.html Jimbo Wales in April 2006] in the context of lawsuits.</ref> a reformulation of the "Lack of Bias" policy outlined by Sanger for Nupedia<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20010331211742/www.nupedia.com/policy.shtml Nupedia.com editorial policy guidelines]. Version 3.31 (16 November 2000). Retrieved 7 September 2007.</ref> in spring or summer 2000, which covered many of the same core principles.<ref>"Nupedia articles are, in terms of their content, to be unbiased. There may be respectable reference works that permit authors to take recognizable stands on controversial issues, but this is not one of them ... "On every issue ... is it very difficult or impossible for the reader to determine what the view is to which the author adheres?" ... for each controversial view discussed, the author of an article (at a bare minimum) mention various opposing views that are taken seriously by any significant minority of experts (or concerned parties) on the subject ... In a final version of the article, every party to the controversy in question must be able to judge that its views have been fairly presented, or as fairly as is possible in a context in which other, opposing views must also be presented as fairly as possible." [http://web.archive.org/web/20010331211742/www.nupedia.com/policy.shtml]</ref> * In September 2001, collaboration by subject matter in {{srlink|Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects}} is introduced.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_proposal</ref> * In February 2002, concerns over the risk of future censorship and commercialization by Bomis Inc (Wikipedia's original host) combined with a lack of guarantee this would not happen, led most participants of the [[:es:|Spanish Wikipedia]] to break away and establish it independently as the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]''.<ref>'[http://enciclopedia.us.es/index.php/Enciclopedia:Por_qu%E9_estamos_aqu%ED_y_no_en_es.wikipedia.org Why we are here and not in Wikipedia]'' (in Spanish, under GFDL)</ref> Following clarification of Wikipedia's status and non-commercial nature later that year, re-merger talks between Enciclopedia Libre and the re-founded Spanish Wikipedia occasionally took place in 2002 and 2003, but no conclusion was reached. As of October 2009, the two continue to coexist as substantial Spanish language reference sources, with around 43,000 articles (EL) and 520,000 articles (Sp.W)<ref>http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:Statistics</ref> respectively. * Also in 2002, policy and style issues were clarified with the creation of the ''Manual of Style'', along with a number of other policies and guidelines.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style&direction=next&oldid=171151 First substantial edit to Wikipedia:Manual of Style], Wikipedia (23 August 2002). Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> * November 2002 - new mailing lists for WikiEN and Announce are set up, as well as other language mailing lists (eg Polish), to reduce the volume of traffic on mailing lists.[http://meta.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_News/2002&oldid=486954] * In July 2003, the rule against editing your [[Wikipedia:autobiography|autobiography]] is introduced.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Autobiography&oldid=1220207</ref> * On 28 October 2003, the first "real" meeting of Wikipedians happened in [[Munich]]. Many cities followed suit, and soon a number of regular Wikipedian get-togethers were established around the world. Several Internet communities, including one on the popular [[blog]] website [[LiveJournal]], have also sprung up since. * From 10 July to 30 August 2004 the {{srlink|Wikipedia:Browse}} and {{srlink|Wikipedia:Browse by overview}} formerly on the Main Page were replaced by links to overviews. On 27 August 2004 the ''Community Portal'' was started,<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_Portal Wikipedia:Community Portal]", Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> to serve as a focus for community efforts. These were previously accomplished on an informal basis, by individual queries of the Recent Changes, in wiki style, as ad-hoc collaborations between like-minded editors. * During September to December 2005 following the [[Seigenthaler controversy]] and other similar concerns,<ref name="Brandt" /> several anti-abuse features and policies were added to Wikipedia. These were: ::* The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CheckUser_Policy policy for "Checkuser"] (a [[MediaWiki]] [[software tool|extension]] to assist detection of abuse via [[sock puppet (Internet)|internet sock-puppetry]]) was established in November 2005.<ref>"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CheckUser_policy CheckUser policy]", [[Meta-Wiki]]. Retrieved on 25 January 2007. Checkuser function had previously existed, but was known as ''Espionage'' -- for example, in the Arbitration Committee [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-09-26/Arbitration_report case of JarlaxleArtemis].</ref> but was viewed more as a system tool at the time, as a result of which there had been no need for a policy covering use on a more routine basis.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-10-17/News_and_notes Checkuser proposal]</ref> ::*Creation of new pages on the English Wikipedia was restricted to editors who had created a user account.<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-05/Page_creation_restrictions Page creation restrictions]", Wikipedia Signpost / English Wikipedia. Retrieved on 31 January 2007.</ref> ::* The introduction and rapid adoption of the policy [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living people]], giving a far tighter quality control and fact-check system to biographical articles related to living people. ::* The "semi-protection" function and policy,<ref>"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-12-26/Semi-protection Semi-protection policy]", Wikipedia Signpost / English Wikipedia. Retrieved on 30 January 2007.</ref> allowing pages to be protected so that only those with an account could edit. * In May 2006, a new "oversight" feature was introduced on the English Wikipedia, allowing a handful of highly trusted users to permanently erase page revisions containing copyright infringements or libelous or personal information from a page's history. Previous to this, page version deletion was laborious, and also deleted versions remained visible to other administrators and could be un-deleted by them. * On 1 January 2007, the subcommunity named [[Wikipedia:Esperanza|Esperanza]] was disbanded by communal consent. Esperanza had begun as an effort to promote "[[Wikipedia:Wikilove|wikilove]]" and a social support network, but had developed its own subculture and private structures.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2007-01-02/Experanza Esperanza organization disbanded after deletion discussion] 2 January 2007</ref><ref name="Ezperanza">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:MFD/EA</ref> Its disbanding was described as the painful but necessary remedy for a project that had allowed editors to "see themselves as Esperanzans first and foremost".<ref name="Ezperanza" /> A number of Esperanza's subprojects were integrated back into Wikipedia as free-standing projects, but most of them are now inactive. When the group was founded in September 2005, there had been concerns expressed that it would eventually be condemned as such.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2005-09-19/Esperanza_group New group aims to promote Wiki-Love] 19 September 2005</ref> * In April 2007 the results of 4 months policy review by a working group of several hundred editors seeking to merge the core Wikipedia policies into one core policy (See: [[Wikipedia:Attribution]]) was polled for community support. The proposal did not gain consensus; a significant view became evident that the existing structure of three strong focused policies covering the respective areas of policy, was frequently seen as more helpful to quality control than one more general merged proposal. ===The Wikimedia Foundation and legal structures=== :''Legal and organizational structure of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], its executive, and its activities as a [[Foundation (nonprofit organization)|foundation]].'' * In August 2002, shortly after Jimmy Wales announced that he would never run commercial [[advertisement]]s on Wikipedia, the [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] of Wikipedia was changed from ''wikipedia.com'' to ''wikipedia.org'' (see: [[.com]] and [[.org]]). * On 20 June 2003, the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] was founded. * Communications committee was [http://meta.wikimedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Communications_committee&oldid=623013 formed] in January 2006 to handle media inquiries and emails received for the foundation and Wikipedia via the newly implemented [[OTRS]] (a ticket handling system). * [[Angela Beesley]] and [[Florence Nibart-Devouard]] were elected to the Board of [[Trustee]]s of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. During this time, Angela was active in editing content and setting policy, such as privacy policy, within the Foundation.<ref name=Riehle>Riehle, Dirk. [http://www.riehle.org/computer-science/research/2006/wikisym-2006-interview.html "How and Why Wikipedia Works: An Interview with Angela Beesley, Elisabeth Bauer, and Kizu Naoko"], ''www.riehle.org'', 2006.</ref> * On 10 January 2006, ''Wikipedia'' became a registered trademark of Wikimedia Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2006-01-16/Trademark_registered&oldid=35499220|title=Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-01-16/Trademark registered|accessdate=14 January 2007|date=16 January 2006|publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> * In July 2006, [[Angela Beesley]] resigned from the board of the [[Wikimedia Foundation]].<ref name=WFpressrelease>[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/Angela_Beesley_resigns_from_Wikimedia_Foundation_board "Angela Beesley resigns from Wikimedia Foundation board"], Wikimedia Foundation press release, 7 July 2006.</ref> * In June 2006, Brad Patrick was hired to be the first executive director of the Foundation. He resigned in January 2007, and was later replaced by Sue Gardner (June 2007). * In October 2006, [[Florence Nibart-Devouard]] became chair of the board of Wikimedia Foundation. ===Projects and landmarks=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Statistics}} :''Sister projects, and landmarks related to articles, user base, and other statistics.'' * 16 January 2001, the first recorded edit of Wikipedia at [[Wikipedia:UuU|UuU]], although it is [[Wikipedia:UuU|suspected]] there were earlier edits. * In December 2002, the first sister project, [[Wiktionary]], was created; aiming to produce a [[dictionary]] and [[thesaurus]] of the words in all languages. It uses the same software as Wikipedia. * On 22 January 2003, the English Wikipedia was again [[slashdot effect|slashdotted]] after having reached the '''100,000''' article milestone with the [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]], New Zealand article. Two days later, the German language Wikipedia, the largest non-English version, passed the 10,000 article mark. * On 20 June 2003, the same day that the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] was founded, "[[Wikiquote]]" was created. A month later, "[[Wikibooks]]" was launched. "[[Wikisource]]" was set up towards the end of the year. * In January 2004, Wikipedia passed the '''200,000''' article milestone in English with the article on [[Neil Warnock]], and reached 450,000 articles for both English and non-English wikis. The next month, the combined article count of the English and non-English wikis reached 500,000. * On 20 April 2004, the article count of the English wiki reached '''250,000'''. * On 7 July 2004, the article count of the English wiki reached '''300,000'''. * On 20 September 2004, Wikipedia reached one million articles in over 105 languages, and received a flurry of related attention in the press.<ref>[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/PR-1mil-US One million Wikipedia articles]</ref> The one millionth article was published in the [[Hebrew language]] Wikipedia, and discusses the [[flag of Kazakhstan]]. * On 20 November 2004, the article count of the English Wikipedia reached '''400,000'''. * On 18 March 2005, Wikipedia passed the '''500,000''' article milestone in English, with [[Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union]] being announced in a press release as the landmark article.<ref>[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/500k_English_articles Wikipedia Publishes 500,000th English Article]</ref> * In May 2005, Wikipedia became the most popular reference website on the Internet according to traffic monitoring company [[Hitwise]], relegating [[Dictionary.com]] to second place. * On 29 September 2005, the English Wikipedia passed the '''750,000''' article mark. * On 1 March 2006, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,000,000''' article mark, with [[Jordanhill railway station]] being announced on the Main Page as the milestone article<ref name="milestone_articles">While this article was announced as the milestone on the Main Page, multiple articles qualified due to the continuous creation and deletion of pages on the site.</ref> * On 8 June 2006, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,000''' featured article mark, with [[Iranian peoples]].<ref>Wikimedia Foundation: [http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Press_releases/English_Wikipedia_Announces_Thousandth_Featured_Article English Wikipedia Announces Thousandth Featured Article]</ref> * On 15 August 2006 the Wikimedia Foundation launches [[Wikiversity]].<ref>[http://wikimania2006.wikimedia.org/wiki/Opening_Plenary_%28transcript%29#Wikiversity_.2826:35.29 Welcome speech], Jimbo Wales, Wikimania 2006 ([http://www.supload.com/listen?s=SI0OG2vN04i audio])</ref> * On 24 November 2006, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''1,500,000''' article mark, with [[Kanab ambersnail]] being announced on the Main Page as the milestone article.<ref name="milestone_articles">{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}</ref> * On 4 April 2007, the first CD selection in English was published as a free download (see [[2006 Wikipedia CD Selection]]).<ref>[http://fixedreference.org/2006-Wikipedia-CD-Selection A Schools Global Citizen Resource from SOS Children]</ref> * On 9 September 2007, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''2,000,000''' article mark. '''[[El Hormiguero]]''', an article which covers a Spanish TV comedy show, is accepted by consensus as the 2,000,000th article. * On 12 August 2008, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''2,500,000''' article mark. * On 17 August 2009, the English language Wikipedia passed the '''3,000,000''' article mark, with [[Beate Eriksen]] being announced on the Main Page as the milestone article ===Funding=== * One of the first{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} fundraisers was held from 18 February 2005 to 1 March 2005, raising $94,000, which was $21,000 more than expected.<ref>"[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Fund_drives/2005/Q1 Fund drives/2005/Q1]", [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Retrieved on 25 January 2007.</ref> * On 6 January 2006, the Q4 2005 fundraiser concluded, raising a total of just over $390,000.<ref>"[http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Fund_drives/2005/Q4 Fund drives/2005/Q4]", [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Retrieved on 25 January 2007.</ref> * In June 2007 it was announced that the German Wikipedia will be receiving state funding.<ref>[http://www.heise.de/english/newsticker/news/91733 German Wikipedia receives state funding] 26 June 2007</ref> ===External impact=== * In 2007, Wikipedia is deemed fit to be used as a major source by the [[UK Intellectual Property Office]] in the [[Formula One]] trademark case ruling.<ref>In deciding [http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tm/t-decisionmaking/t-challenge/t-challenge-decision-results/o16907.pdf the trademark of F1 racing], the [[UK Intellectual Property Office]] considered both the reliability of Wikipedia, and its usefulness as a reliable source of evidence: : "Wikipedia has sometimes suffered from the self-editing that is intrinsic to it, giving rise at times to potentially [[libel]]lous statements. However, inherently, I cannot see that what is in Wikipedia is any less likely to be true than what is published in a book or on the websites of news organisations. [Formula One's lawyer] did not express any concerns about the Wikipedia evidence [presented by the plaintiff]. I consider that the evidence from Wikipedia can be taken at face value." The case turned substantively upon evidence cited from Wikipedia in 2006 as to the usage and interpretation of the term "F1".</ref> * Over time Wikipedia gains recognition amongst other traditional media as a "key source" for some current new events such as the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]] and related [[tsunami]], the biographies of [[2008 Presidential election]] candidates,<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/16/AR2007091601699.html?hpid=topnews On Wikipedia, Debating 2008 Hopefuls' Every Facet], Washington Post, 17 September 2007; Page A01 -- "...at the same time, it's hard to find a more up-to-date, detailed, thorough article on [[Barack Obama|Obama]] than Wikipedia's. As of Friday, Obama's article -- more than 22 pages long, with 15 sections covering his personal and professional life -- had a reference list of 167 sources."</ref> and the 2007 [[Virginia Tech massacre]]. The latter article was accessed 750,000 times in two days, with newspapers published local to the shootings adding that "Wikipedia has emerged as the clearinghouse for detailed information on the event."<ref>Source: [http://www.cyberjournalist.net/news/004178.php Wikipedia emerges as key source for Virginia Tech shootings] - ''cyberjournalist.net'' citing the ''[[New York Times]]'' [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/23/technology/23link.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin], stating: "Even ''[[The Roanoke Times]]'', which is published near [[Blacksburg, Virginia|Blacksburg, Va.]], where the university is located, noted on Thursday that Wikipedia 'has emerged as the clearinghouse for detailed information on the event'."</ref> * On 21 February, Noam Cohen of the ''New York Times'' publishes [http://www.uh.edu/ednews/2007/nytimes/200702/20070221wikipedia.html A History Department Bans Citing Wikipedia as a Research Source] * On 27 February, An article in [[The Harvard Crimson]] newspaper reported that some of the professors at [[Harvard University]] do include Wikipedia in their syllabi, but that there is a split in their perception of using Wikipedia.<ref>Child, Maxwell L.,[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=517305 "Professors Split on Wiki Debate"], The Harvard Crimson, by: Maxwell L. Child, Monday, 26 February 2007.</ref> ====Effect of biographical articles==== Because Wikipedia biographies are often updated as soon as new information comes to light, they are often used as a reference source on the lives of [[:Category:Living people|notable people]]. This has led to attempts to manipulate and falsify Wikipedia articles for promotional or defamatory purposes (see [[#Controversies|Controversies]]). It has also led to novel uses of the biographical material provided. Some notable people's lives are being affected by their Wikipedia biography. * November 2005: The [[Seigenthaler controversy]]. Someone, who later admitted that he wanted to make a joke, wrote into the article that journalist John Seigenthaler had been involved in the Kennedy murder of 1963. * December 2006: German comedian "[[:de:Atze Schröder|Atze Schröder]]", who does not want his real name published, sued Arne Klempert, secretary of [[Wikimedia Deutschland]], because of the Wikipedia article. Then the artist drew back his complaint, but wanted his attorney's costs to be paid by Klempert. Trial decided that the artist had to cover those costs by himself.<ref>"Atze muss zahlen", Klemperts blog "recent changes" on 27 June 2007: http://recentchanges.de/blog/2007/06/atze-muss-zahlen/.</ref> * 16 February 2007: Turkish historian [[Taner Akçam]] was briefly detained upon arrival at [[Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport]] because of false information on his biography that he was a terrorist.<ref name=Independent>[http://news.independent.co.uk/fisk/article2469270.ece "Caught in the deadly web of the internet"], Robert Fisk, ''[[The Independent]]'', 21 April 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2007.</ref><ref name=CBC>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/tech/wikipedia2.html "A question of authority"], by Paul Jay, 22 June 2007, ''[[CBC News]]''. Retrieved 24 July 2007.</ref> * September 2008: Changes or "manipulations" at the [[Sarah Palin]] article in English Wikipedia have been noticed by the media. * November 2008: Germany's Left Party politician [[Lutz Heilmann]] believed that some remarks in "his" article caused damage to his reputation. He succeeded in getting a court order to make Wikimedia Deutschland stop linking from its page ''www.wikipedia.de'' to German Wikipedia ''de.wikipedia.org''. The result was a huge national support for Wikipedia, more donations to Wikimedia Deutschland, a rise from several dozen page views of "Lutz Heilmann" daily to half a million the two days after, and after a couple of days Heilmann asked the court to withdraw the court order. * December 2008: Wikimedia Nederland, the Dutch chapter, won a preliminary injunction. An entrepreneur was linked in "his" article with the criminal [[Willem Holleeder]] and wanted the article deleted. The judge in [[Utrecht (province)|Utrecht]] did not follow him but believed the chapter that it has no influence on the content of Dutch Wikipedia.<ref>[http://nl.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Nederland_wint_kort_geding_Sijthoff/en News release of Vereniging Wikimedia Nederland], retrieved 10 December 2008.</ref> ===Controversies=== {{Wikinews|U.K. National Portrait Gallery threatens U.S. citizen with legal action over Wikimedia images}} * January 2005: The fake charity QuakeAID, in the month following the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]], attempted to promote itself on its Wikipedia page. * October 2005: [[Alan Mcilwraith]] was exposed as a fake war hero with a Wikipedia page. * November 2005: The [[Seigenthaler controversy]] caused Brian Chase to resign from his employment, after his identity was ascertained by Daniel Brandt of Wikipedia Watch. Following this, the scientific journal ''[[Nature]]'' undertook a [[peer review]]ed study to test articles in Wikipedia against their equivalents in ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', and concluded they are comparable in terms of accuracy.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051212/full/438900a.html Internet encyclopaedias go head to head]</ref><ref>[http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051212/multimedia/438900a_m1.html The (Nature) peer review]</ref> ''Britannica'' rejected their methodology and their conclusion.<ref>Britannica: [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf Fatally Flawed. Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal Nature] (PDF)</ref> ''Nature'' refused to make any apologies, asserting instead the reliability of its study and a rejection of the criticisms.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html ''Nature's'' responses to Encyclopaedia Britannica], ''Nature'' (23 March 2006). Retrieved on 25 January 2007.</ref> (For studies like this, see [[Reliability of Wikipedia]]. For traffic impact see [[#Wikipedia history in images|Wikipedia history in images]]) * Early-to-mid 2006: The [[congressional staffer edits to Wikipedia|congressional aides biography scandals]] came to public attention, in which several political aides were caught trying to influence the Wikipedia biographies of several politicians to remove undesirable information (including pejorative statements quoted, or broken campaign promises), add favorable information or "glowing" tributes, or replace the article in part or whole by staff authored biographies. The staff of at least five politicians were implicated: [[Marty Meehan]], [[Norm Coleman]], [[Conrad Burns]], [[Joe Biden]], [[Gil Gutknecht]].<ref>See for example: [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060130-6079.html this article] on the scandal. The activities documented were: {| class="wikitable" ! Politician ! Editing undertaken ! Sources |- | [[Marty Meehan]] | Replacement with staff-written biography | [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060130-6079.html Congressional staffers edit boss's bio on Wikipedia] |- | [[Norm Coleman]] | Rewrite to make more favorable, claimed to be "correcting errors") | {{cite journal | first = | last = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | month = | title =Web site's entry on Coleman revised Aide confirms his staff edited biography, questions Wikipedia's accuracy | journal =St. Paul Pioneer Press(Associated Press) | volume = | issue = | pages = | id = | url =http://www.twincities.com/mld/pioneerpress/news/local/13750990.htm }} |- | [[Conrad Burns]]<br />Montana | Removal of quoted pejorative statements the Senator had made, and replacing them with "glowing tributes" as "the voice of the farmer") | {{cite web |url=http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/articles/2006/02/09/news/wikipedia.txt |title=Burns' office may have tampered with Wikipedia entry |publisher=[[Bozeman Daily Chronicle]] |author=Williams, Walt |date=1 January 2007 |accessdate=13 February 2007}} |- | [[Joe Biden]] | Removal of unfavorable information | [http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060130-6079.html Congressional staffers edit boss's bio on Wikipedia] |- | [[Gil Gutknecht]] | Staff rewrite and removal of information evidencing broken campaign promise. (Multiple attempts) | On 16 August 2006, the ''Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune'' reported that the office of Representative [[Gil Gutknecht]] tried twice — on 24 July 2006 and 14 August 2006 — to remove a 128-word section in the Wikipedia article on him, replacing it with a more flattering 315-word entry taken from his official congressional biography. Most of the removed text was about the 12-year term-limit Gutknecht imposed on himself in 1995 (Gutknecht [[election|ran]] for re-election in 2006, breaking his promise). A spokesman for Gutknecht did not dispute that his office tried to change his Wikipedia entry, but questioned the reliability of the encyclopedia. ([http://www.startribune.com/587/story/618899.html "Gutknecht joins Wikipedia tweakers"], ''Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune'', 16 August 2006, accessed 17 August 2006) {{Failed verification|date=February 2007}}. Multiple attempts, first using a [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gil_Gutknecht&diff=65633218&oldid=65024590 named account], then an [http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gil_Gutknecht&diff=69644632&oldid=69638576 anonymous IP account]. |- |}</ref> In a separate but similar incident the campaign manager for [[Cathy Cox]], [[Morton Brilliant]], resigned after being found to have added negative information to the Wikipedia entries of political opponents.<ref>Information included the mention of an opponent's son's arrest in a fatal drunk driving accident, and the allegation of questionable business practices of another [http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002958137_campaign28m.html]. See article [[Morton Brilliant]] for detailed citations.</ref> Following media publicity, the incidents tapered off around August 2006. * July 2006: [[Joshua Gardner]] was exposed as a fake Duke of Cleveland with a Wikipedia page. * January 2007: English-language Wikipedians in [[Qatar]] were briefly blocked from editing, following a spate of vandalism, by an administrator who did not realize that the country's internet traffic is routed through a single [[IP address]]. Multiple media sources promptly declared that Wikipedia was banning Qatar from the site.<ref>[http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196800476 "Wikipedia Founder Refutes Claims That It Banned Qatar"] by Thomas Claburn, ''[[InformationWeek]], 2 January 2007</ref> * On 23 January 2007, a [[Microsoft]] employee offered to pay [[Rick Jelliffe]] to review and change certain Wikipedia articles regarding an open-source document standard which was rival to a Microsoft format.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16775981/ |title=Microsoft offers cash for Wikipedia edit |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |author=Bergstein, Brian |date=23 January 2007 |accessdate=1 February 2007 }}</ref> * In February 2007, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine issued a rare editorial correction that a prominent [[English Wikipedia]] editor and administrator known as "Essjay", had invented a persona using fictitious credentials.<ref name="New Yorker">{{cite web | url = http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060731fa_fact | title = Annals of Information: Know It All: Can Wikipedia conquer expertise? | accessdate = 16 April 2007 | last = Schiff | first = Stacy | authorlink = Stacy Schiff | date = 24 July 2006 | publisher = [[The New Yorker]] }} </ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite web | url = http://technology.guardian.co.uk/weekly/story/0,,2028328,00.html | title = Read me first | accessdate = 16 April 2007 | last = Finkelstein | first = Seth | date = 8 March 2007 | work = Technology | publisher = [[The Guardian]] | archiveurl = | archivedate = }} </ref> The editor, [[Essjay controversy|Ryan Jordan]], became a [[Wikia]] employee in January 2007 and divulged his real name; this was noticed by Daniel Brandt of Wikipedia Watch, and communicated to the original article author. (See: [[Essjay controversy]]) * February 2007: [[Fuzzy Zoeller]] sued a Miami firm because defamatory information was added to his Wikipedia biography in an anonymous edit that came from their network. * 16 February 2007: Turkish historian [[Taner Akçam]] was briefly detained upon arrival at a Canadian airport because of false information on his biography indicating that he was a terrorist. * In June 2007, an anonymous user [[Chris Benoit murder-suicide#Wikipedia controversy|posted hoax information]] that, by coincidence, foreshadowed the [[Chris Benoit murder-suicide]], hours before the bodies were found by investigators. The discovery of the edit attracted widespread media attention and was first covered in sister site [[Wikinews:Death of Nancy Benoit rumour posted on Wikipedia hours prior to body being found|Wikinews]]. * In October 2007, in their obituaries of recently-deceased TV theme composer [[Ronnie Hazlehurst]], many British media organisations reported that he had co-written the [[S Club 7]] song "[[Reach (S Club 7 song)|Reach]]". In fact, he hadn't, and it was discovered that this information had been sourced from a hoax edit to Hazlehurst's Wikipedia article.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/10/03/wikipedia_obituary_cut_and_paste/ Braindead obituarists hoaxed by Wikipedia] Andrew Orlowski, [[The Register]], 3 October 2007</ref> * In February 2007,<ref>Docket number L-001169-07 in Monmouth Court, New Jersey. Records may be searched [http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/acms/disc/CV0227W0E.ASP here].</ref> Barbara Bauer, a literary agent, sued Wikimedia for defamation and causing harm to her business, the [[Barbara Bauer Literary Agency]].<ref>[http://www.eff.org/cases/bauer-v-glatzer Bauer v. Wikimedia et al. | Electronic Frontier Foundation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In ''Bauer v. Glatzer'', Bauer claimed that information on Wikipedia critical of her abilities as a literary agent caused this harm. The [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] defended Wikipedia<ref>[http://www.eff.org/press/archives/2008/05/02 EFF and Sheppard Mullin Defend Wikipedia in Defamation Case | Electronic Frontier Foundation<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and moved to dismiss the case on 2 May 2008.<ref>http://www.eff.org/files/filenode/wikimedia/motiontoquashmemo-wikimedia.pdf</ref> The case against the Wikimedia Foundation was dismissed on 1 July 2008.<ref>http://www.citmedialaw.org/threats/bauer-v-wikimedia</ref> * On 14 July 2009, the National Portrait Gallery issued a cease and desist letter for alleged breach of copyright, against a Wikipedia editor who downloaded more than 3,000 high-resolution images from the NPG website, and placed them on [[Wikimedia Commons]].<ref>Maev Kennedy [http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jul/14/national-portrait-gallery-wikipedia-row Legal row over National Portrait Gallery images placed on Wikipedia] ''The Guardian'' 14 July 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.bjp-online.com/public/showPage.html?page=865802 National Portrait Gallery receives support from BAPLA in its legal fight against Wikipedia]</ref><ref>BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8151989.stm Gallery in Wikipedia legal threat]</ref><ref>[http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?National_Portrait_Gallery_sues_Wikipedia&in_article_id=702647&in_page_id=34 National Portrait Gallery sues Wikipedia]</ref><ref>BBC [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8156268.stm Wikipedia painting row escalates] 17 July 2009</ref> See [[National Portrait Gallery copyright conflicts]] for more. ===Notable forks and derivatives=== See {{srlink|Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks|this page}} for a partial list of Wikipedia mirrors and forks. No list of sites utilizing the software is maintained. A significant number of sites utilize the [[MediaWiki]] software and concept, popularized by [[Wikipedia]]. Specialized foreign language forks using the Wikipedia concept include [[Enciclopedia Libre]] (Spanish), ''Wikiweise'' (German), [[WikiZnanie]] (Russian), [[Susning.nu]] (Swedish), and [[Baidu Baike]] (Chinese). Some of these (such as ''Enciclopedia Libre'') use [[GFDL]] or compatible licenses as used by Wikipedia, leading to exchange of material with their respective language Wikipedias. In 2006, [[Larry Sanger]] founded [[Citizendium]], based upon a modified version of [[MediaWiki]].<ref name="Jason Z Cohen">{{cite news |first=Jason Z |last=Cohen |title=Citizendium's Larry Sanger: Experts Make It Better |url=http://www.linuxinsider.com/rsstory/61983.html?welcome=1205003304&welcome=1205003861&wlc=1234584689&wlc=1235641480 |work=LinuxInsider |publisher=ECT News Network |date=3 March 2008 |accessdate=8 March 2008}}</ref> The site aims to improve on the Wikipedia model with "gentle expert oversight", among other things.<ref name="Nate Anderson">{{cite news |first=Nate |last=Anderson |title=Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia |url=http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars |publisher=[[Ars Technica]] |date=25 February 2007 |accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Caroline McCarthy">{{cite news |first=Caroline |last=McCarthy |title=Citizendium: Wikipedia co-founder Sanger's Wikipedia rival |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17939_109-9680301-2.html |publisher=[[CNET News]] |date=23 January 2007 |accessdate=5 April 2007}}</ref> (see also [[Nupedia]]). ===Publication on other media=== The [[German Wikipedia]] was the first to be partly published also using other media (rather than online on the internet), including releases on CD in November 2004<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.digitale-bibliothek.de/scripts/ts.dll?s=1&id=E0016306&mp=/art/1266/&sc=Wikipedia.htm |title=Wikipedia, Die freie Enzyklopädie |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2007 }}</ref> and more extended versions on CDs or DVD in April 2005 and December 2006. In December 2005, the publisher Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, a sister company of Directmedia, published a 139 page book explaining Wikipedia, its history and policies, which was accompanied by a 7.5 GB DVD containing 300,000 articles and 100,000 images from the German Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/result.xhtml?url=/newsticker/meldung/67137&words=Wikipedia%20DVD |title=Neue Wikipedia-DVD im Handel und zum Download |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2007 }}</ref> Originally, Directmedia also announced plans to print the [[German Wikipedia]] in its entirety, in 100 volumes of 800 pages each. Publication was due to begin in October 2006, and finish in 2010. In March 2006, however, this project was called off.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/71231 |title=Wikipedia wird noch nicht gedruckt |language=German |accessdate=25 April 2007 }}</ref> In September 2008, [[Bertelsmann]] published a 1000 pages volume with a selection of popular German Wikipedia articles. Bertelsmann paid voluntarily 1 Euro per sold copy to [[Wikimedia Deutschland]].<ref>[http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/71231 Titelinformationen], Bertelsmann site. Retrieved 7 October 2008.</ref> The first CD version containing a selection of articles from the [[English Wikipedia]] was published in April 2006 by [[SchoolsWP:SOSChildren|SOS Children]] as the ''[[2006 Wikipedia CD Selection]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/charity-news/education-cd.htm |publisher=[[SchoolsWP:SOSChildren|SOS Children]] |date=4 June 2006 |title=SOS Children releases 2006 Wikipedia CD Selection |accessdate=25 April 2007 }}</ref> In April 2007, "Wikipedia Version 0.5", a CD containing around 2000 articles selected from the online encyclopedia was published by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] and Linterweb. The selection of articles included was based on both the quality of the online version and the importance of the topic to be included. This CD version was created as a test-case in preparation for a DVD version including far more articles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikipediaondvd.com/site.php |title=Wikipedia 0.5 available on a CD-ROM |accessdate=25 April 2007 |month=April | year=2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tweakers.net/nieuws/47253/Wikipedia-maakt-cd-voor-internetlozen.html |title=Wikipedia maakt cd voor internetlozen |language=Dutch |accessdate=25 April 2007 |date=25 April 2007 |publisher=[[tweakers.net]]}}</ref> The CD version can be purchased online, downloaded as a [[Disk image|DVD image file]] or [[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Torrent Project/Version 0.5|Torrent file]], or accessed online at the project's [http://wikipediaondvd.com/nav/art/d/w.html website]. A free software project has also been launched to make a static version of Wikipedia available for use on [[iPod]]s. The "Encyclopodia" project was started around March 2006 and can currently be used on 1st to 4th generation iPods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopodia.sourceforge.net/en/index.html Encyclopodia site |title=Encyclopodia – the encyclopedia on your iPod |publisher=[[Sourceforge]] |accessdate=25 April 2007 }}</ref> ===Lawsuits=== In limited ways, the Wikimedia Foundation is protected by [[Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act]]. In the defamation action [[Bauer et al. v. Glatzer et al.]], it was held that Wikimedia had no case to answer due to the provisions of this section.<ref>[http://m.app.com/news.jsp?key=81411 Judge tosses Matawan literary agent's defamation lawsuit against Wikipedia - Asbury Park Press]</ref> A similar law in France caused a lawsuit to be dismissed in October 2007.<ref>[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-11-05/French lawsuit]] 5 November 2007</ref> ==Other notable occurrences== ===Early roles of Wales and Sanger=== <!-- THE SECTION TITLE IS LINKED FROM ELSEWHERE INCLUDING THE JIMMY WALES AND LARRY SANGER ARTICLES --> {{Redirect|Wikipedia:Founder|the Wikipedia user group|WP:User access levels#Founder}} Both [[Jimmy Wales|Wales]] and [[Larry Sanger|Sanger]] played important roles in the early stages of Wikipedia. Sanger initially brought the wiki concept to Wales and suggested it be applied to Nupedia and then, after some initial skepticism, Wales agreed to try it.<ref name="Glyn Moody"/> To Wales is ascribed the broader idea of an encyclopedia to which non-experts could contribute, i.e. Wikipedia; Sanger wrote, "To be clear, the idea of an open source, collaborative encyclopedia, open to contribution by ordinary people, was ''entirely'' Jimmy's, not mine" (emphasis in original text). He also wrote, "Jimmy, of course, deserves enormous credit for investing in and guiding Wikipedia."<ref name="memoirofwiki">"[http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&tid=95&tid=149&tid=9 The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir - Part I]" and "[http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 Part II]", [[Slashdot]], April 2005. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.<small> "The actual development of this encyclopedia was the task he gave me to work on. So I arrived in San Diego in early February, 2000, to get to work. One of the first things I asked Jimmy is how free a rein I had in designing the project. What were my constraints, and in what areas was I free to exercise my own creativity? He replied, as I clearly recall, that most of the decisions should be mine; and in most respects, as a manager, Jimmy was indeed very hands-off. Nevertheless, I always did consult with him about important decisions, and moreover, I wanted his advice. Now, Jimmy was quite clear that he wanted the project to be in principle open to everyone to develop, just as open source software is (to an extent). Beyond this, however, I believe I was given a pretty free rein. So I spent the first month or so thinking very broadly about different possibilities." &mdash;Larry Sanger.</small></ref> Wales stated in October 2001 that "Larry had the idea to use Wiki software."<ref name="wikipedia-l-000671"> {{cite news |first=Jimmy |last=Wales |url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000671.html |title=LinkBacks? |date=30 October 2001 |format=Email |work=wikipedia-l archives |publisher=[[Bomis]] |date=30 October 2001 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}</ref> Sanger coined the portmanteau "Wikipedia" as the project name.<ref name="memoirofwiki"/> In review, Larry Sanger conceived of a wiki-based encyclopedia as a strategic solution to Nupedia's inefficiency problems.<ref name="co-founders"/> In terms of project roles, Sanger spearheaded and pursued the project as its leader in its first year, and did most of the early work in formulating policies (including "[[Ignore all rules]]"<ref name="Ignore_all_rules">{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Rules To Consider |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20010416035716/www.wikipedia.com/wiki/RulesToConsider |work=Ignore all rules |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |date= |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}</ref> and "Neutral point of view"<ref name="Stacy Schiff"/>) and building up the community.<ref name="co-founders"/> Upon departure in March 2002, Sanger emphasized the main issue was purely the cessation of Bomis' funding for his role, which was not viable part-time, and his changing personal priorities,<ref name="resignation"/>; however, by 2004, the two had drifted apart and Sanger became more critical. Two weeks after the launch of Citizendium, Sanger criticized Wikipedia, describing the latter as "broken beyond repair."<ref name="Wikipedia 'broken beyond repair' says co-founder">{{cite news |first=Iain |last=Thomson |title=Wikipedia 'broken beyond repair' says co-founder |url=http://www.iwr.co.uk/information-world-review/news/2187709/wikipedia-broken-beyond-repair |publisher=[[Information World Review]] |date=13 April 2007 |accessdate=15 April 2007 }}</ref> In 2002 Sanger parted ways with Wikipedia; by 2005 Wales began to dispute Sanger's role in the project, three years after Sanger left the project.<ref name="Dan_Mitchell"> {{cite news |first=Dan |last=Mitchell |title=Insider Editing at Wikipedia |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/24/technology/24online.ready.html?ex=1293080400&en=431aff478b00239e&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 December 2005 |accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Evan Hansen">{{cite news |last=Hansen |first=Evan |title=Wikipedia Founder Edits Own Bio |url=http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,69880,00.html |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Wired News]] |date=19 December 2005 |accessdate=25 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="Seth Finkelstein">{{cite news |first=Seth |last=Finkelstein |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/feb/12/wiki-answers-wikia |title=What's in a name? Everything, when you're talking wiki value |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=12 February 2009 |accessdate=12 February 2009}}</ref> Wales claims to be the founder of Wikipedia,<ref name="Dan_Mitchell"> {{cite news |first=Dan |last=Mitchell |title=Insider Editing at Wikipedia |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/24/technology/24online.ready.html?ex=1293080400&en=431aff478b00239e&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 December 2005 |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quotes=}}</ref> however, as explained by Brian Bergstein of the Associated Press, "Sanger has long been cited as a co-founder."<ref name="co-founders"/> There is evidence that Sanger was called co-founder, along with Wales, as early as 2001, and he is referred to as such in early Wikipedia press releases and Wikipedia articles, and in a September 2001 ''The New York Times'' article for which both were interviewed.<ref name="sanger-NYTimes">{{cite news |author=Peter Meyers |title=Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9800E5D6123BF933A1575AC0A9679C8B63&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fSubjects%2fC%2fComputer%20Software |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 September 2001 |accessdate=18 April 2007 |quote=<small>It's kind of surprising that you could just open up a site and let people work," said Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia's co-founder and the chief executive of Bomis, a San Diego search engine company that donates the computer resources for the project. "There's kind of this real social pressure to not argue about things." Instead, he said, "there's a general consensus among all of the really busy volunteers about what an encyclopedia article needs to be like.</small>}}</ref> Wales later disputed this, stating, "He used to work for me [...] I don't agree with calling him a co-founder, but he likes the title."<ref name="James Niccolai">James Niccolai, [http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/index.cfm?newsid=7177 Wikipedia taking on the vandals in Germany], [[PC Advisor]], 26 September 2006.</ref> There is no evidence from before January 2004 of Wales disputing Sanger's status as co-founder,<ref>Bishop, Todd. (26 January 2004) [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]. ''[http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/158020_msftnotebook26.html Microsoft Notebook: Wiki pioneer planted the seed and watched it grow.]'' Section: Business; Page D1.</ref> indeed, Wales identified himself as "co-founder" as late as August 2002.<ref name="Yahoo!">{{cite news |first=Jimmy |last=Wales |url=http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/xodp/message/1720 |title=3apes open content web directory |work=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Tech Groups forum post]] |publisher=[[WebCite]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5fhXjrexf |date=6 August 2002 |accessdate=3 April 2009 |archivedate=1 April 2009 |quote=<small>I'm Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Nupedia and Wikipedia, the open content encyclopedias.</small>}}</ref> Today, Wales emphasizes this employer-employee relation and the fact that he was therefore the ultimate authority, to assert that this makes him the "sole founder," and Sanger cites earlier versions of Wikipedia pages (2004, 2006) and press releases (2002–2004), to demonstrate that media coverage articles from the time of his involvement routinely represent them as co-founders.<ref name="co-founders">{{cite news |first=Brian |last=Bergstein |title=Sanger says he co-started Wikipedia |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17798723/ |work=[[msnbc.com]] |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 March 2007 |accessdate=28 March 2007 |quote=<small>The nascent Web encyclopedia Citizendium springs from Larry Sanger, a philosophy Ph.D. who counts himself as a co-founder of Wikipedia, the site he now hopes to usurp. The claim doesn't seem particularly controversial - Sanger has long been cited as a co-founder. Yet the other founder, Jimmy Wales, isn't happy about it.</small>}}<small> — Brian Bergstein.</small></ref><ref name="sanger-NYTimes"/><ref name="Sanger-Technology Review"> {{cite news |first=Judy |last=Heim |url=http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/12586/ |title=Free the Encyclopedias! |publisher=[[Technology Review]] |date=4 September 2001 |accessdate=25 March 2007 }}</ref><ref name="SangerLinks"> {{cite news |first=Larry |last=Sanger |url=http://www.larrysanger.org/roleinwp.html |title=My role in Wikipedia (links) |work=larrysanger.org |publisher=Larry Sanger |accessdate=25 March 2007 |quote=}}</ref> ===Blocking of Wikipedia=== Wikipedia has been blocked on some occasions by national authorities. To date these have related to the People's Republic of China, [[Iran]], [[Syria]], [[Pakistan]]<ref>http://blogcritics.org/scitech/article/pakistan-blocks-wikipedia/</ref><ref>http://karachi.metblogs.com/2006/03/31/wikipedia-blocked-in-pakistan-for-seven-hours/</ref>, [[Thailand]], [[Tunisia]], the United Kingdom and [[Uzbekistan]]. ====People's Republic of China (multiple occasions)==== {{Main|Blocking of Wikipedia by the People's Republic of China}} The People's Republic of China and [[internet service provider]]s in mainland China have adopted a [[Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China|practice of blocking]] contentious Web sites and Wikimedia sites have been blocked multiple times in its history, sometimes all articles, and sometimes selectively by topic, region, language version, or ISP. Notable blocks include: # June 2004: Access to the [[Chinese Wikipedia]] from Beijing blocked on the fifteenth anniversary of the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]. Possibly related to this, on 31 May an article from the IDG News Service was published, discussing the Chinese Wikipedia's treatment of the protests.<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,116323,00.asp Chinese Build Free Net Encyclopedia]</ref> # September 2004: A second and less serious outage. Access to Wikipedia was erratic or unavailable to some users in mainland China &mdash; this block was not comprehensive and some users in mainland China were never affected. The exact reason for the block is unknown, but it may have been linked with the closing down of [[YTHT BBS]], a popular [[Peking University]]-based BBS that was shut down a few weeks earlier for hosting overtly radical political discussions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} # October 2005 to around mid October 2006: For the first few days the English Wikipedia seems to have been unblocked in most provinces in China, while users were still unable to access the Chinese version in certain provinces, varying by ISP. By November, both versions seemed to be accessible in all provinces and by all ISPs. The end of the block coincided with the Chinese Wikipedia's 100,000th article milestone.<ref>[http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2006/10/16/chart-wikipedia-access-in-china/ Chart: Wikipedia access in China]</ref><ref>[http://www.andrewlih.com/blog/2006/11/10/chinese-wikipedia-now-fully-unblocked/ Chinese Wikipedia now fully unblocked?]</ref><ref>[http://asia.cnet.com/reviews/blog/fluorescentparadise/0,39059288,61965876,00.htm Friend in high place unblocks Wikipedia, Fortune Magazine]</ref> The first block had an effect on the vitality of Chinese [[Wikipedia]], which [http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesWikipediaZH.htm suffered sharp dips in various indicators] such as the number of new users, the number of new articles, and the number of edits. In some cases, it took anywhere from six to twelve months in order to recover to the levels of May 2004. On 31 July 2008, the [[BBC]] reported that the Chinese Wikipedia had been unblocked that day in China; it had still been blocked the previous day. This came within the context of foreign journalists arriving in Beijing to report on the upcoming [[2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]], and websites such as the Chinese edition of the BBC were being unblocked following talks between the [[International Olympic Committee]] and the Games' Chinese organisers.<ref name="bbc unblocked in china"/> ====Syria==== Access to [[Arabic Wikipedia]] was blocked between 30 April 2008 and 13 February 2009 . (Other languages were accessible). ====Thailand==== Wikipedia's article on Thailand's King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] has been blocked by most Thai ISPs since October 2008 due to [[lèse majesté]] concerns. ====Tunisia==== Wikimedia website was blocked for a few days in [[Tunisia]] (23 November 2006 - 27 November 2006). ====Pakistan==== According to local bloggers and Internet community in Pakistan, access to Wikipedia was restricted for several hours in March 2006. ====United Kingdom==== {{Main|Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia}} On 5 December 2008, users in the United Kingdom were affected by a block of a page ([[Virgin Killer]]) and associated picture ([[:Image:Virgin Killer.jpg]]), following a claim that the image was "potentially illegal" under the [[Protection of Children Act 1978]]. An estimated 95% of British users were affected by the block, which was put in place on the recommendation of the [[Internet Watch Foundation]].<ref name="ap article blocked in uk"/> The IWF's recommendation was rescinded on 9 December 2008.<ref name="internet watch foundation statement"/> ====Uzbekistan==== Access to Uzbek Wikipedia was blocked in Uzbekistan on 10 January 2008;{{fact|date=December 2009}} the block was lifted 5 March 2008. This was the second time Wikipedia had been blocked in Uzbekistan; the first case was in 2007. ==See also== * [[History of wikis]] *''[[The Wikipedia Revolution]]'' ==References== {{Reflist|2|refs= <ref name="thehive">{{cite news | last = Poe | first = Marshall | authorlink = Marshall Poe | title = The Hive | work = The Atlantic Monthly | date = September 2006 | url = http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200609/wikipedia/ | accessdate = 2007-03-25 | quote = <small>Wales and Sanger created the first Nupedia wiki on 10 January 2001. The initial purpose was to get the public to add entries that would then be “fed into the Nupedia process” of authorization. Most of Nupedia’s expert volunteers, however, wanted nothing to do with this, so Sanger decided to launch a separate site called “Wikipedia.” Neither Sanger nor Wales looked on Wikipedia as anything more than a lark. This is evident in Sanger’s flip announcement of Wikipedia to the Nupedia discussion list. “Humor me,” he wrote. “Go there and add a little article. It will take all of five or ten minutes.” And, to Sanger’s surprise, go they did. Within a few days, Wikipedia outstripped Nupedia in terms of quantity, if not quality, and a small community developed. In late January, Sanger created a Wikipedia discussion list (Wikipedia-L) to facilitate discussion of the project.</small>}}</ref><!-- --><!-- <ref name="irish times interview nov 2009">{{cite news | last = McCann | first = Fiona | title = 'I wasn’t sure if anyone would use it' | work = The Irish Times | date = 2009-11-27 | page = 23 | url = http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2009/1127/1224259543540.html | accessdate = 2009-12-04}}</ref> --><!-- --><ref name="bbc unblocked in china">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7535280.stm "Beijing unblocks BBC Chinese site"], BBC, 31 July 2008</ref><!-- --><ref name="ap article blocked in uk">{{cite news | last = Satter | first = Raphael G. | title = Wikipedia article blocked in U.K. for nude photo of a girl | publisher = Associated Press | date = 2008-12-07 | url = http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/20081207/wikipedia-article-blocked-in-uk-over-child-photo.htm | accessdate = 2008-12-07}}</ref><!-- --><ref name="internet watch foundation statement">{{cite web | title = IWF statement regarding Wikipedia webpage | publisher = Internet Watch Foundation | date = 2008-12-09 | url = http://www.iwf.org.uk/media/news.archive-2008.251.htm | accessdate=2008-12-10}}</ref> }} ==External links== ===Wikipedia records and archives=== :''Wikipedia's project files contain a large quantity of reference and archive material. Useful resources on Wikipedia history within Wikipedia are: ;Historical summaries :{{Selfref|1=[[:Category:Wikipedia years]] - historical events by year<br />[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia's oldest articles]]<br />[[:meta:History of Wikipedia|History of Wikipedia]] - from the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meta Wikipedia:Meta]<br />[[Wikipedia:Historic debates]]<br />[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia records]]<br />[[meta:Wikimedia News]] - news and milestones index from all Wikipedias<br />[[Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots]]}} ;Size and statistics :{{Selfref|1=[http://stats.wikimedia.org stats.wikimedia.org] - the Mediawiki Foundation's main interface for all project statistics, including the various and combined Wikipedia's.[[Wikipedia:Milestones]]<br />[[Wikipedia:Statistics]]<br />[[Wikipedia:Size of Wikipedia]]}} ;Discussion and debate archives :{{Selfref|1=[[Wikipedia:Announcements]]}} :{{Selfref|1=[[Wikipedia:Mailing lists]]}} :{{Selfref|1=[[Wikipedia:Announcement archive]]}} ;Other :{{Selfref|1=[[Wikipedia:CamelCase and Wikipedia]]<br />[http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org Nostalgia Wikipedia] - a snapshot of Wikipedia from 20 December 2001, running the current version of MediaWiki for security reasons but using a skin that looks like the software of the time.<br />[http://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=User:Larry_Sanger/Origins_of_Wikipedia&oldid=39843351 Larry Sanger about the origins of Wikipedia]<br />[[Wikipedia:Volunteer Fire Department]] - handling of major editorial influx. Disbanded when no longer needed (2004)<br />[[Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day]] - mediawiki software goes live into production}} ===Third party=== * [http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource] &mdash; Free Software Foundation endorsement of Nupedia (later updated to include Wikipedia) 1999. * [http://web.archive.org/web/20010303221706/www.wikipedia.com/wiki/HomePage Even older Wikipedia snapshot] - 28 February 2001 * [http://web.archive.org/web/20010331173908/http%3A//www.wikipedia.com/ Early Wikipedia snapshot] - 30 March 2001 * [http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html New York Times on Wikipedia, September 2001] * [[Larry Sanger]], [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213&from=rss The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir] and [http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/19/1746205&tid=95 Part II] [[Slashdot]] (18 April 2005 - 19 April 2005) * Giles, Jim, [http://www.nature.com/news/2005/051212/pf/438900a_pf.html Internet encyclopaedias go head to head], [[Nature (journal)|''Nature'']] comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica, 14 December 2005 * [http://corporate.britannica.com/britannica_nature_response.pdf Fatally Flawed: Refuting the recent study on encyclopedic accuracy by the journal ''Nature''], [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] Inc., March 2006 * [http://www.nature.com/nature/britannica/index.html ''Nature's'' responses to Encyclopaedia Britannica], ''Nature'', 23 March 2006 {{Wikipediahistory}} {{Wikipedias}} {{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Wikipedia}} [[Category:History of Wikipedia| ]] [[Category:Internet censorship|Wikipedia, blocking of]] {{use dmy dates}} [[ar:تاريخ ويكيبيديا]] [[be-x-old:Гісторыя Вікіпэдыі]] [[cv:Википеди кун-çулĕ]] [[da:Den danske Wikipedias historie]] [[es:Historia de Wikipedia]] [[fr:Histoire de Wikipédia]] [[hr:Povijest Wikipedije]] [[it:Storia di Wikipedia]] [[lt:Vikipedijos istorija]] [[hu:A Wikipédia története]] [[ms:Sejarah Wikipedia]] [[nl:Geschiedenis van Wikipedia]] [[pt:História da Wikipédia]] [[ru:История Википедии]] [[sr:Историја Википедије]] [[sv:Wikipedias historia]] [[te:వికీపీడియా చరిత్ర]] [[zh:维基百科历史]]'