Examine individual changes

'{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}} {{Infobox U.S. County |county = Bexar County |state = Texas |type=[[County (United States)|County]] |official_name=Bexar County |seal = |logo=Coat of arms of Bexar County, Texas.svg |founded year = 1836 |founded date = December 20 |seat wl = San Antonio |largest city wl = San Antonio |area_total_sq_mi = 1256 |area_land_sq_mi = 1240 |area_water_sq_mi = 16 |area percentage = 1.3% |census yr = 2010 |pop = 1714773 |density_sq_mi = 1383 |ex image = Bexar county courthouse.jpg |ex image size = 250 |ex image cap = The Bexar County Courthouse in San Antonio |web = www.bexar.org |time zone= Central | district = 15th | district2 = 20th | district3 = 21st | district4 = 23rd | district5 = 28th | named for = [[Presidio San Antonio de Bexar]] }} '''Bexar County''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ɛər}} {{respell|BAIR|'}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|.|ər}} {{respell|BAY|ər}})<ref>http://www.bexar.org/1320/Bexar-County-History</ref> is a [[County (United States)|county]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Texas]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], the population was 1,714,773, and a 2013 estimate put the population at 1,817,610.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/48029.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 8, 2013}}</ref> It is the [[List of the most populous counties in the United States|17th-most populous county in the nation]] and the fourth-most populated in Texas. Its [[county seat]] is [[San Antonio]],<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=May 31, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> the second-most populous city in Texas and the [[List of United States cities by population|seventh-largest city]] in the United States. Bexar County is included in the San Antonio-[[New Braunfels, Texas|New Braunfels]], TX [[Greater San Antonio|metropolitan statistical area]]. Bexar county includes Government Canyon state natural area in northwestern part of the county. ==History== Bexar County was created on December 20, 1836, and encompassed almost the entire western portion of the [[Republic of Texas]]. This included the disputed areas of western New Mexico northward to Wyoming. After statehood, 128 counties were carved out of its area. The county was named for San Antonio de Béxar, one of the 23 Mexican municipalities (administrative divisions) of Texas at the time of its independence. San Antonio de Béxar—originally ''Villa de San Fernando de Béxar''—was the first civil government established by the Spanish in the [[Spanish Texas|province of Texas]]. Specifically, the municipality was created in 1731 when 55 [[Canary Islands|Canary Islanders]] settled near the system of [[Mission (Christian)|missions]] that had been established around the source of the [[San Antonio River]]. The new settlement was named after the ''[[Presidio San Antonio de Bexar|Presidio]]'' San Antonio de Béjar, the Spanish military outpost that protected the missions. The presidio, located at the [[San Pedro Springs]], was founded in 1718 and named for [[Baltasar de Zúñiga, 1st Duke of Arión|Viceroy Balthasar Manuel de Zúñiga y Guzmán Sotomayor y Sarmiento]], second son of the Duke of [[Béjar]] (a town in Spain). The modern City of San Antonio in the U.S. State of Texas also derived its name from San Antonio de Béjar. ==Geography== According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1256|sqmi}}, of which {{cvt|1240|sqmi}} is land and {{cvt|16|sqmi}} (1.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web |url= http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_48.txt |publisher= United States Census Bureau |accessdate=April 19, 2015 |date=August 22, 2012 |title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> Bexar County is in south-central Texas, about 190 miles (305&nbsp;km) west of [[Houston]] and {{cvt|140|miles}} from both the US-Mexican border to the southwest and the [[Gulf of Mexico]] to the southeast. The [[Balcones Fault|Balcones Escarpment]] bisects the county from west to northeast; to the north of the escarpment are the rocky hills, springs and canyons of the [[Texas Hill Country]]. South of the escarpment are [[Texas blackland prairies|Blackland Prairie]] and the South Texas plains. The [[San Antonio River]] rises from springs north of [[Downtown San Antonio]], and flows southward and southeastward through the county. ===Major highways=== Bexar County has a comprehensive "wagon wheel" freeway system, with radial freeways and beltways that encircle Downtown San Antonio, allowing for simplified countywide freeway access, in a manner much like the freeways around Houston or Dallas. San Antonio is unique, however, in that unlike Houston or Dallas, none of these highways are currently tolled. {{div col}} *[[File:I-10.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 10 in Texas|Interstate 10]] *[[File:I-35.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 35 in Texas|Interstate 35]] *[[File:I-37.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 37]] *[[File:I-410.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 410]] *[[File:US 87.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 87 in Texas|U.S. Route 87]] *[[File:US 90.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 90 in Texas|U.S. Route 90]] *[[File:US 181.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 181]] *[[File:US 281.svg|25px]] [[U.S. Route 281 in Texas|U.S. Route 281]] *[[File:Texas 16.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway 16|State Highway 16]] *[[File:Texas Loop 1604.svg|20px]] [[Texas State Highway Loop 1604|State Highway Loop 1604]] {{div col end}} ===Adjacent counties === *[[Kendall County, Texas|Kendall County]] (north) *[[Comal County, Texas|Comal County]] (north) *[[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe County]] (northeast) *[[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]] (southeast) *[[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa County]] (south) *[[Medina County, Texas|Medina County]] (west) *[[Bandera County, Texas|Bandera County]] (northwest) ===National protected area=== * [[San Antonio Missions National Historical Park]] ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1850= 6052 |1860= 14454 |1870= 16043 |1880= 30470 |1890= 49266 |1900= 69422 |1910= 119676 |1920= 202096 |1930= 292533 |1940= 338176 |1950= 500460 |1960= 687151 |1970= 830460 |1980= 988800 |1990= 1185394 |2000= 1392931 |2010= 1714773 |estyear=2015 |estimate=1897753 |estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2015/CO-EST2015-alldata.html|title=County Totals Dataset: Population, Population Change and Estimated Components of Population Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015|accessdate=July 2, 2016}}</ref> |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title=U.S. Decennial Census |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=April 19, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html |archivedate=May 12, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref><br/>1850–2010<ref>{{cite web|url= http://texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf|title=Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010|publisher=Texas Almanac|accessdate=April 19, 2015}}</ref> 2010–2014<ref name="QF"/> }} As of the [[2010 United States Census]], there were 1,714,773 people residing in the county. Of those, 72.9% were [[White American|White]], 7.5% [[African American|Black or African American]], 2.4% [[Asian American|Asian]], 0.8% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islands American|Pacific Islander]], 12.7% of some other race and 3.5% [[Multiracial American|of two or more races]]. 58.7% were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race). As of the census<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2011-05-14 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov |archivedate=September 11, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref> of 2000, 1,392,931 people, 488,942 households, and 345,681 families were residing in the county. The population density was {{convert|1117|PD/sqmi|/km2}}. There were 521,359 housing units at an average density of 418 per square&nbsp;mile (161/km²). The [[Race (United States Census)|racial]] makeup of the county was 68.86% White, 7.18% Black or African American, 0.80% Native American, 1.61% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 17.80% from other races, and 3.64% from two or more races. About 54.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of 488,942 households, 36.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.50% were married couples living together, 15.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.30% were not families. About 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.33. A [[Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy|Williams Institute]] analysis of [[2010 United States Census|2010 census data]] found there were about 6.2 [[Same-sex relationship|same-sex couples]] per 1,000 households in the county.<ref name=newyorktimes>{{citation |title=Where Same-Sex Couples Live|date=June 26, 2015|accessdate=July 6, 2015|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/27/upshot/supreme-court-gay-marriage-ruling-where-same-sex-couples-live.html?_r=0&abt=0002&abg=0}}</ref> In the county, the population was distributed as 28.50% under the age of 18, 10.70% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 19.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.20 males. The median income for a household was $38,328, and for a family was $43,724. Males had a median income of $30,756 versus $24,920 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,363. About 12.70% of families and 15.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.40% of those under age 18 and 12.20% of those age 65 or over. ==Corrections== The Bexar County jail facilities are at 200 North Comal in downtown [[San Antonio]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bexar.org/bcsheriff/location.htm|title= BCSO Location and Driving Directions|publisher= ''Bexar County''|accessdate= September 14, 2008}}</ref> In late 2012, press reports noted an increase in the number of suicides at the facility. The issue was a topic of debate in the election for sheriff that year. The jail held an average of about 3,800 prisoners in 2012, making it the third-largest in the state until it was decommissioned.<ref>Why have jail suicides soared under Sheriff Ortiz's watch?, by Michael Barajas, SA Current, 17 October 2012</ref> Total Jail’s Capacity: 4,563 detainees.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.inmatecountyjail.com/item/texas-bexar-county-jail/|title= Bexar County Jail}}</ref> [[Sheriff]] Susan Pamerleau, a Republican whose job duties include management of the jail, is the first woman elected to that position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uwyo.edu/uwyo/2013/15-1/giving.html|title=A Lifetime of Dedicated Service: Sheriff Susan Lewellyn Pamerleau, Major General (Ret.)|publisher=[[University of Wyoming]]|date=September 2013|accessdate=October 6, 2015}}</ref> The [[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]] operates the [[Dominguez Unit]], a state jail for men, in an unincorporated section of Bexar County.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/unitdirectory/bx.htm|title= Dominguez (BX)|publisher= ''[[Texas Department of Criminal Justice]]''|accessdate= September 14, 2008}}</ref> ==Libraries== In the fall of 2013, Bexar County opened [[BiblioTech (San Antonio)|BiblioTech - Bexar County's Digital Library]], the nation's first bookless library.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news|url= http://www.dallasnews.com/business/technology/headlines/20140103-nation-s-first-bookless-library-opens-in-san-antonio.ece | title=Nation's first bookless library opens in San Antonio | work=Dallas Morning News|date=January 3, 2014}}</ref> ==Property taxes== In 2016, for the third consecutive year, Bexar County increased the appraised value of businesses and residences. Most will hence find their [[property tax]]es will increase for the year, with higher payments for some beginning as early as November 1. The latest 7.5 percent increase in valuation follows an 11 percent rise in 2015, and a 7 percent jump in 2014. The 2016 total value for all property in the county is approximately $163 billion, or $13 billion more than in 2015. County residents express dismay to Mary Kieke, the deputy chief appraiser. "People are very upset. The tax system is absolutely broken," she said.<ref>Bruce Selcraig, "Property valuations jump again: Most homeowners' taxes also could rise", ''[[San Antonio Express-News]]'', April 29, 2016, pp. 1, A12</ref> ==Communities== ===Cities (multiple counties)=== * [[Elmendorf, Texas|Elmendorf]] (small part in [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]]) * [[Fair Oaks Ranch, Texas|Fair Oaks Ranch]] (partly in [[Kendall County, Texas|Kendall]] and [[Comal County, Texas|Comal]] counties) * [[Lytle, Texas|Lytle]] (mostly in [[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa County]] and a small part in [[Medina County, Texas|Medina County]]) * [[San Antonio]] (county seat) (small parts in [[Medina County, Texas|Medina]] and [[Comal County, Texas|Comal]] counties) * [[Schertz, Texas|Schertz]] (partly in [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe]] and [[Comal County, Texas|Comal]] counties) * [[Selma, Texas|Selma]] (partly in [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe]] and [[Comal County, Texas|Comal]] counties) * [[Universal City, Texas|Universal City]] (small part in [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe County]]) ===Enclave cities within San Antonio=== {{div col}} * [[Alamo Heights, Texas|Alamo Heights]] * [[Balcones Heights, Texas|Balcones Heights]] * [[Castle Hills, Texas|Castle Hills]] * [[Hill Country Village, Texas|Hill Country Village]] * [[Kirby, Texas|Kirby]] * [[Leon Valley, Texas|Leon Valley]] * [[Olmos Park, Texas|Olmos Park]] * [[Shavano Park, Texas|Shavano Park]] * [[Terrell Hills, Texas|Terrell Hills]] {{div col end}} ===Cities=== {{div col}} * [[Converse, Texas|Converse]] * [[Grey Forest, Texas|Grey Forest]] * [[Helotes, Texas|Helotes]] * [[Live Oak, Texas|Live Oak]] * [[Sandy Oaks, Texas|Sandy Oaks]] * [[Somerset, Texas|Somerset]] * [[Von Ormy, Texas|Von Ormy]] * [[Windcrest, Texas|Windcrest]] {{div col end}} ===Towns=== * [[China Grove, Texas|China Grove]] * [[Hollywood Park, Texas|Hollywood Park]] * [[St. Hedwig, Texas|St. Hedwig]] ===Census-designated places=== * [[Cross Mountain, Texas|Cross Mountain]] * [[Lackland AFB]] * [[Macdona, Texas|Macdona]] * [[Randolph AFB]] * [[Scenic Oaks, Texas|Scenic Oaks]] * [[Timberwood Park, Texas|Timberwood Park]] ===Other unincorporated communities=== {{div col}} * [[Adkins, Texas| Adkins]] * [[Atascosa, Texas| Atascosa]] * [[Leon Springs, Texas|Leon Springs]] * [[Losoya, Texas| Losoya]] * [[Martinez, Texas| Martinez]] * [[Sayers, Texas| Sayers]] * [[Stone Oak, Texas|Stone Oak]] {{div col end}} ==Military installations== *[[Brooks City-Base]] (decommissioned) *[[Camp Bullis]] *[[Fort Sam Houston]] *[[Kelly Air Force Base]] (decommissioned) *[[Lackland Air Force Base]] *[[Randolph Air Force Base]] *[[San Antonio Military Medical Center]] == Notable people == <!-- Note: · Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability. · The article must mention how they are associated with Bexar County, whether born, raised, or residing. · The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited. · Alphabetical by last name please. · All others will be deleted. --> *[[David Berchelmann]], judge of two state district courts in Bexar County and the [[Texas Court of Criminal Appeals]], lawyer in his native San Antonio *[[Carol Burnett]], comedian and actress, was born and grew up in San Antonio *[[Joan Crawford]], actress, was born in San Antonio *[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], 34th President of the United States; stationed at [[Fort Sam Houston]] in 1916<ref>{{Cite book|first=Stephen|last=Ambrose|title=Eisenhower: (vol. 1) Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect (1893–1952)|location=New York|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|year=1983|p=56}}</ref> *[[Al Freeman, Jr.]], was born in San Antonio; he became an actor, known for [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] soap opera ''[[One Life to Live]]'', and ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'' *[[Rick Galindo]], Republican member of the [[Texas House of Representatives]] from District 117 in Bexar County *[[Twice (band)|Mina Myoui]], singer/dancer for South Korean group [[Twice (band)|Twice]], raised in Kobe, Japan. *[[Cyndi Taylor Krier]], first woman and first Republican to be elected to the [[Texas Senate]] from Bexar County (1985–1993), and first woman and first Republican to be appointed as a Bexar County administrative judge (1993 to 2001) *[[Art Martinez de Vara]], mayor, historian and publisher *[[Tom Rickhoff]], state court, appeals court, and probate court judge from San Antonio<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tomrickhoff.blogspot.com/2009/08/judge-rickhoffs-bio.html |title=Judge Rickhoff's Bio |publisher= tomrickhoff.blogspot.com |date=August 5, 2009 |access-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref> *[[James Robertson Nowlin]], United States District Judge for the Western District of Texas; one of the first two Republicans since Reconstruction to represent Bexar County in the Texas House of Representatives *[[Ciro D. Rodriguez]], member of Congress, previously 28th District, Texas, now 23rd District, Texas *[[Michelle Rodriguez]], actress, [[James Cameron]]'s ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' *[[Robert Rodríguez]], director of ''[[Spy Kids]]'', ''[[Desperado (film)|Desperado]]'', and ''[[Sin City (film)|Sin City]]'' *[[Joe Sage]], one of the first two Republicans since Reconstruction, with James Robertson Nowlin, to represent Bexar County in the Texas House of Representatives *[[Alan Schoolcraft]], former Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives *[[Percy Sutton]], former [[Manhattan Borough President]], and civil rights attorney; clients included [[Malcolm X]], and the owner of the [[Apollo Theater]] in [[Harlem]] and several radio stations *[[Carlos I. Uresti]], member of the Texas Senate from the 19th District *[[Kevin Patrick Yeary]], judge of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, effective 2015; assistant district attorney for Bexar County, 1998-2014 {{further|Notables of San Antonio, Texas}} ==See also== *[[List of museums in Central Texas]] *[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} * Stephens, A. Ray, and William M. Holmes, ''Historical Atlas of Texas.'' University of Oklahoma Press, 1989. ISBN 0-8061-2307-9 ==External links== *[http://www.bexar.org/ Bexar County government] * {{Handbook of Texas|id=hcb07|name=Bexar County}} *[http://texasalmanac.com/topics/government/bexar-county Bexar County] from the [[Texas Almanac]] *[http://txbexar.eppygen.org/ Bexar County] from the TXGenWeb Project *[http://bexarcojail.com Bexar County Jail Information] * [http://texashistory.unt.edu/search/?q=%22United+States+-+Texas+-+Bexar+County%22&t=dc.coverage Historic Bexar County materials], hosted by the [http://texashistory.unt.edu/ Portal to Texas History.] {{Geographic Location |Centre = Bexar County, Texas |North = [[Kendall County, Texas|Kendall County]] and [[Comal County, Texas|Comal County]] |Northeast = [[Guadalupe County, Texas|Guadalupe County]] |East = |Southeast = [[Wilson County, Texas|Wilson County]] |South = [[Atascosa County, Texas|Atascosa County]] |Southwest = |West = [[Medina County, Texas|Medina County]] |Northwest = [[Bandera County, Texas|Bandera County]] }} {{Bexar County, Texas}} {{Greater San Antonio}} {{Texas counties}} {{Texas}} {{coord|29.45|-98.52|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-TX_source:UScensus1990}} [[Category:Texas counties]] [[Category:Bexar County, Texas| ]] [[Category:1836 establishments in the Republic of Texas]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1836]] [[Category:San Antonio metropolitan area]]'