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'{{Other uses}} '''Hallelujah''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|l|uː|j|ə}} {{respell|HAL|ə|LOO|yə}}) is an English [[interjection]]. It is a [[transliteration]] of the original [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word {{lang|he|הַלְּלוּיָהּ}} ([[Modern Hebrew|Modern]] ''halleluya'', [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]] ''halləlûyāh''). Kelley explains that this Hebrew word is composed of two elements: {{lang|he|הַלְּלוּ}} (second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb ''hillel'': an exhortation to "praise" addressed to several people<ref name="Kelley169">Page H. Kelley, ''[[Biblical Hebrew]], an Introductory Grammar'', page 169. Ethics & Public Policy Center, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8028-0598-0.</ref>) and {{lang|he|יָהּ}} (the name of God [[Jah]] or [[Names of God in Judaism#Yah|Yah]]).<ref name=EBHallelujah>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252791/hallelujah Hallelujah, also spelled Alleluia], ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref><ref>Brown-Driver-Briggs (Hebrew and English Lexicon, page 238)</ref><ref>page 403, note on line 1 of Psalm 113, {{Cite book | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | isbn = 978-0-393-06226-7 | last = Alter | first = Robert | title = The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary | date = 2007}}</ref> Most well-known Christian versions of the [[Hebrew Bible]] translate the Hebrew "Hallelujah" (as at {{bibleverse|Psalm|150:1|HE}}) as two Hebrew words, generally rendered as "Praise (ye)" and "the {{LORD}}", but the second word is given as "Yah" in the [[Lexham English Bible]] and [[Young's Literal Translation]], "[[Jah]]" in the [[New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures|New World Translation]], "Jehovah" in the [[American Standard Version]]. Instead of a translation, the transliteration "Hallelujah" is used by [[JPS Tanakh]], [[International Standard Version]], [[Darby Translation]], [[God's Word Translation]], [[Holman Christian Standard Bible]], and [[The Message (Bible)|The Message]]. The Greek-influenced form "Alleluia" appears in [[Wycliffe's Bible]], the [[Knox Version]] and the [[New Jerusalem Bible]]. In the great song of praise to God for his triumph over the [[Whore of Babylon]]<ref name=Woods/> in [[Revelation 19|chapter 19]] of the [[New Testament]] book of [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]], the Greek word ἀλληλούϊα (''allēluia''), a transliteration of the same Hebrew word, appears four times, as an expression of praise rather than an exhortation to praise.<ref name=Mercer>[https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&pg=PA355&dq=hallelujah+Hebrew&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1J8GUbOpIIK7hAfwu4CACQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=hallelujah%20Hebrew&f=false Scott Nash, "Hallelujah" in ''Mercer Dictionary of the Bible''] (Mercer University Press 1990 ISBN 978-0-86554373-7), p. 355</ref> In English translations this is mostly rendered as "Hallelujah",<ref>Variants of "Hallelujah" in this context are "Hallelujah (praise the Lord)" in the [[Amplified Bible]] and "Halleluyah" in [[Complete Jewish Bible]]</ref> but as "Alleluia" in several translations,<ref>[[King James Version]] and its recent revisions, the 21st Century King James Version and the New King James Version, the Douay-Rheims Bible, the Knox Version, the New Jerusalem Bible, the Phillips New Testament, Wycliffe's Bible, and Young's Literal Translation.</ref> while a few have "Praise the Lord",<ref>Contemporary English Version, New Living Translation (LORD)</ref> "Praise God",<ref>Good News Translation</ref> "Praise our God",<ref>Worldwide English (New Testament)</ref> or "Thanks to our God".<ref>New Life Version</ref> Hallelujah is found twice in Psalm 150:6; and the Greek transliteration ἀλληλούϊα appears in the [[Septuagint]] version of these Psalms, in {{bibleverse||Tobit|13:17|NRSV}} and {{bibleverse|3|Maccabees|7:13|NRSV}} and four times in {{bibleverse||Revelation|19}}.<ref name=Mercer/> The word is used in Christian prayer,<ref name=Woods>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Woods|first=F. H. |authorlink= |editor=[[James Hastings]] |encyclopedia=[[Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible|A Dictionary of the Bible]] |title=Hallelujah |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_287.html |accessdate= |year=1902 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons <!-- |volume=2 (Feign-Kinsman) --> |location=New York |page=287 }}</ref> where since the earliest times<ref name=Mercer/> it is used in various ways in [[liturgy|liturgies]],<ref name=alter>{{Cite book | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | isbn = 978-0-393-06226-7 | last = Alter | first = Robert | title = The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary | year = 2007 }}</ref> especially those of the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrVDmaXP6HEC&pg=PA6 Andrew McGowan, "Alleluia" in ''The New Scm Dictionary of Liturgy and Worship''] (Hymns Ancient & Modern 2002 ISBN 978-0-33402883-3), p. 6</ref> both of which use the form "alleluia". ==In the Bible== The term is used 24 times in the [[Hebrew Bible]] (mainly in the book of [[Psalms]], e.g. {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|111–117|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|145–150|HE}}, where it starts and concludes a number of Psalms). It is used four times in [[Greek language|Greek]] transliteration in the Christian [[Book of Revelation]].<ref name=Woods/> In the [[Hebrew Bible]] ''hallelujah'' is actually a two-word phrase, not one word. The first part, ''hallelu'', is the second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb ''hillel''.<ref name="Kelley169"/> However, "hallelujah" means more than simply "praise Jah" or "praise Yah", as the word ''hallel'' in Hebrew means a joyous praise in song, to boast in God. ''Hallel'' could also refer to someone who acts madly or foolishly.<ref>George Fohrer. ''Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament'', under הלל. Walter de Gruyter, 1973. ISBN 978-3-11-004572-7.</ref><ref>Joseph Samuel C.F. Frey, ''A Hebrew, Latin, and English dictionary'', 1815, [https://books.google.com/books?id=TVwUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA254 entry for הלל on page 254]</ref> The second part, [[Names of God in Judaism#Yah|Yah]], is a shortened form of [[YHWH]], the name for the Creator.<ref name=Woods/> The name ceased to be pronounced in [[Second Temple Judaism]], by the 3rd century BC due to religious beliefs.<ref>[[Stephen L. Harris|Harris, Stephen L.]] Understanding the Bible: a reader's introduction, 2nd ed. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. page 21.</ref> The correct pronunciation is not known, however, it is sometimes rendered by Christians as "[[Yahweh]]" or "[[Jehovah]]". The [[Septuagint]] translates Yah as Kyrios (the {{LORD}}), because of the Jewish custom of replacing the sacred name with "[[Names of God in Judaism#Adonai|Adonai]]", meaning "the Lord". In {{bibleverse||Psalm|150:6|HE}} the Hebrew reads ''kol han'shamah t'hallel yah;''<ref>All quotes from the Hebrew are taken from ''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]]'', EDITIO FUNDITUS RENOVATA, cooperantibus H. P. Ruger et J. Ziegler ediderunt K. Elliger et W. Rudolph, Textum Masoreticum curavit H. P. Ruger MASORAM ELABORAVIT G. E. WEIL, Editio quinta emendata opera A. Schenker, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.</ref> It appears in the Hebrew Bible as הללו-יה and הללו יה. In {{bibleverse||Psalm|148:1|HE}} the Hebrew says "הללו יה ''hallelu yah"''. The word ''hallelujah'' occurring in the Psalms is therefore a request for a congregation to join in praise toward God. It can be translated as "Praise Yah" or "Praise [[Jah]], you people".<ref name=EBHallelujah/><ref name=alter/><ref name="wt hallelujah">[http://wayback.archive.org/web/20090226045835/http://watchtower.org/e/20040122/article_02.htm "Do You Know God by Name?"] watchtower.org. Retrieved 17 April 2012.</ref> The Greek [[transliteration]], ἀλληλούϊα (''allēlouia'') appears in {{bibleverse||Revelation|19:1–6}}, the great song of praise to God for his triumph over the [[Whore of Babylon]].<ref name=Woods/> It is this usage that [[Charles Jennens]] extracted for the [[Hallelujah Chorus]] in [[Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]''. == Usage by Jews == הַלְּלוּיָהּ appears often in Jewish daily liturgy and liturgy for special occasions. == Usage by Christians == {{Main article|Alleluia}} For most [[Christians]], "Hallelujah" is considered a joyful word of [[praise]] to God, rather than an injunction to praise him. "'''The [[Alleluia (chant)|Alleluia]]'''" refers to a traditional chant, combining the word with verses from the Psalms or other scripture. In the [[Latin Rite]] of the [[Catholic Church]], and in many older [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations, the Alleluia, along with the [[Gloria in excelsis Deo]], is not spoken or sung in liturgy during the season of [[Lent]], instead being replaced by a [[Lenten acclamation]], while in [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Churches]], Alleluia is chanted throughout Lent at the beginning of the [[Matins]] service, replacing the [[Theos Kyrios]], which is considered more joyful. At the Easter service and throughout the [[Pentecostarion]], [[Paschal greeting|Christos anesti]] is used in the place where Hallelujah is chanted in the [[Latin liturgical rites|western rite]]. In [[contemporary worship]] among many Protestants, expressions of "Hallelujah" and "Praise the Lord" are acceptable spontaneous expressions of joy, thanksgiving and praise towards God, requiring no specific prompting or call or direction from those leading times of praise and singing.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RE4aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wykEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7023,223759&dq=spontaneous+hallelujah+praise-the-lord&hl=en At Pipe Organ Pizza, a pipeline for prayers], ''[[Milwaukee Journal]]'', July 12, 1981</ref> In the Book of Revelation Chapter 19 we read " After this I heard what sounded like the loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying: Alleluia! Salvation, glory and might belong to our God, for true and just are his judgments..... A voice coming from the throne said: "Praise our God, all you his servants, and you who revere him, small and great." Then I heard something like the sound of a great multitude or the sound of rushing water or mighty peals of thunder, as they said: Alleluia! The Lord has established his reign, our God, the almighty. Let us rejoice and be glad and give him glory..." == Usage in informal language == In modern English, "Hallelujah" is frequently spoken to express happiness that a thing hoped or waited for has happened.<ref>[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/hallelujah Hallelujah] definition in [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] Dictionary</ref> An example is its use in the song "[[Get Happy (song)|Get Happy]]". == See also == * [[Alleluia]], liturgical chant * [[Alhamdulillah]] (Al-ḥamdu lillaah) (Arabic: الحمد لله), similar Arabic phrase used by [[Muslim]]s and by Arabic-speaking [[Jews]] and [[Christians]] * [[Subhan Allah]] (Subḥaanallaah) (Arabic: سبحان الله), Arabic phrase used by Muslims; cf. ''Shoobho Aloho'' (Aramaic, "Praise God"), used by Eastern Syriac Churches, Maronite, Assyrian, Antiochian Orthodox and Chaldean churches * [[Takbir]] * [[Hallelujah Chorus]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}} == External links == * {{wiktionary-inline}} [[Category:Christian prayer]] [[Category:Hallel]] [[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible]] [[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings]] [[Category:New Testament Hebrew words and phrases]] [[Category:Psalms]]'