Examine individual changes

'[[Image:Hungarians in Slovakia 2.jpg|thumb|400px|Hungarians in Slovakia (census 2001) {{legend|#C75450|50-100%}} {{legend|#FFFF07|10-50%}} {{legend|#94C1E2|0-10%}}]] [[Image:Hungarians in Slovakia by local percentage.png|thumb|Hungarians in Slovakia according to their local share of the population (census 1991). Almost half of the Hungarians of Slovakia live in settlements with Hungarian majority over 80%.]] [[Image:Janos Esterhazy.jpg‎|thumb|[[János Esterházy]] - martyr of the Slovakian Hungarians - politician, count]] '''[[Hungarians]] in [[Slovakia]]''' are the largest ethnic minority of the country, numbering 520,528 people or 9.7% of population (2001 census). They are concentrated mostly in the southern part of the country, near the border with [[Hungary]]. Averaged on district level, they form the majority in two districts: [[Komárno District|Komárno]] (''Komáromi járás'') and [[Dunajská Streda District|Dunajská Streda]] (''Dunaszerdahelyi járás''). == History == {{see also|Slovakization}} === Origins of the Hungarian minority in Czechoslovakia === [[Image:Magyarorszag 1920.png|thumb|right|300px|Map showing the border changes after the [[Treaty of Trianon]]. As a result, Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory, about two-thirds of its inhabitants under the treaty and 3.3 million out of 10 million ethnic Hungarians.<ref name="Macartney37">{{cite book|last=Macartney|first =C.A.|authorlink=|title=Hungary and her successors - The Treaty of Trianon and Its Consequences 1919-1937|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= East on the Danube: Hungary's Tragic Century|publisher=''The New York Times''|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B07E3D91531F93AA3575BC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2|date=2003-08-09|accessdate=2008-03-15}}</ref>]] After the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian army in 1918, the winning ''entente'' powers imposed the [[Treaty of Trianon]] on Hungary in 1920, at the Paris Peace Conference. In consideration of the strategic and economic interests of their new ally Czechoslovakia, the victorious allies set the Czechoslovakian-Hungarian border further south than the Slovak-Hungarian language border. Consequently, the newly created state annexed areas that were overwhelmingly ethnic Hungarian.<ref name="gramma">[http://www.gramma.sk/en/hunginslov/history.php 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> When Czechoslovakia was established, many Slovak-language schools were established in Slovak lands, while some Hungarian-language schools in chiefly Hungarian regions remained Hungarian and some German schools in largely German regions remained German. The Hungarians, for example, had 31 kindergartens, 806 elementary schools, 46 secondary schools, and 576 Hungarian libraries at schools in the 1930s. A Department of [[Hungarian literature]] was created at the [[Charles University of Prague]]. The number of Hungarian elementary schools increased from 720 in 1923/1924 to the above number 806.<ref name="marko">Marko, Martinický: ''Slovensko-maďarské vzťahy''. 1995</ref> The Hungarian University in Bratislava/Pozsony was closed after the Czechoslovak occupation of the town. === Population statistics before and immediately after the end of World War I === According to the 1910 census conducted in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], there were 884,309 ethnic Hungarians, constituting 30.2% of the population, in what is now Slovakia. The Czechoslovak census of 1930 recorded 571,952 Hungarians. (In the 2001 census, by contrast, the percentage of ethnic Hungarians in Slovakia was 9.7%, a decrease of two thirds.) [[Image:Kosice - St. Elisabeth Cathedral 2.JPG|thumb|St. Elisabeth Cathedral]] [[Image:Betliar Front.jpg|thumb|Betliar - [[Andrássy]] Castle]] All censuses from the period are disputed, and some give conflicting data. For example, according to the Czechoslovak censuses, 15-20% of the population in Košice was Hungarian. During the parliamentary elections, however, the ethnic Hungarian parties received 35-45% of the total votes (excluding those Hungarians who voted for the Communists or the Social Democrats)<ref>[http://www.foruminst.sk/publ/nostratempora/9/nostratempora9_4resz.pdf kovacs-4.qxd<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. The fact that a high percentage of bilingual, mixed "Slovak-Hungarian" persons could claim both Slovak and Hungarian ethnicity complicated matters. Some authors interpreted the difference between the 1910 census and the 1930 census as follows: the decrease between 1918 and 1924 of 106,000 people was due to those who were expelled from Czechoslovakia or fled to Hungary after World War I, when the state authorities refused to grant Czechoslovak citizenship to a disproportionate number of Hungarians. Later, when they added '[[Jewish]]' as a separate ethnicity, there was an apparent decrease in the number and percentage of Hungarians (some of whom were Jews and self-identified as such.)<ref name="gramma"/> Slovak sources acknowledge that many Hungarian teachers and civil clerks were forced to leave Czechoslovakia or left for Hungary voluntarily. The numbers are confusing but the censuses do show a rapid decline in the number of Hungarians. Two famous examples of people forced to leave were the families of [[Béla Hamvas]]<ref>[http://www.hamvasbela.org HamvasBéla.org<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> and [[Albert Szent-Györgyi]]). The numerous refugees (including even more from the newly created [[Romania]]) necessitated the construction of new housing projects in [[Budapest]] (Mária-Valéria telep, Pongrácz-telep), which gave shelter to refugees numbering at least in the ten-thousands.<ref>[http://mek.oszk.hu/02100/02185/html/228.html Magyarország a XX. században / Szociálpolitika<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> === The aftermath of World War II === In 1945, at the end of [[World War II]], Czechoslovakia was recreated. Some politicians intended to completely remove the ethnic German and Hungarian minorities from the territory of Czechoslovakia via expulsion or [[ethnic cleansing]]. Many citizens considered both minorities collectively to be "[[war criminals]]", because representatives from those two minorities had supported redrawing the borders of Czechoslovakia before World War II, via the [[Munich Agreement]] and the first [[Vienna Award]].<ref name="marko"/> In addition, Czechs were suspicious of ethnic German political activity before the war. They also believed that the presence of so many ethnic Germans had encouraged Nazi Germany in its pan-German visions. In 1945, President [[Edvard Beneš]] revoked the citizenship of ethnic Germans and Hungarians by decree #33, except for those with an active anti-fascist past (see [[Beneš Decrees]]). ==== Population exchanges ==== [[Image:Populationexchange1.jpg|thumb|right|Slovak and Hungarian officers are inspecting the relocation of Hungarians at [[Nové Zámky]] in September 1946.<ref>Rubicon, történelmi folyóirat, 2005/6 (in Hungarian), ''Rubicon Hungarian History Magazine'', 2006/6.</ref>]] Immediately at the end of World War II, some 30,000 Hungarians left the formerly Hungarian re-annexed territories of southern Slovakia (see [[Vienna Awards]]). While Czechoslovakia expelled ethnic Germans,the Allies prevented a unilateral expulsion of Hungarians. They did agree to a forced population exchange between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, one which was initially rejected by Hungary. This population exchange proceeded by an agreement whereby 55,487; 74,407; 76,604 or 89,660 Hungarians from Slovakia were exchanged for 60,000; 71,787; or 73,200 Slovaks from Hungary (the exact number depends on the source.)<ref name="gramma"/><ref>Bobák, Ján: ''Maďarská otázka v Česko-Slovensku''. 1996</ref><ref>http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2003/Erika%20Harris.pdf</ref><ref>Zvara, J.: ''Maďarská menšina na Slovensku po roku 1945''. 1969</ref> Slovaks leaving Hungary moved voluntarily, but Czechoslovakia forced Hungarians out of their nation. After [[Flight and expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia during and after World War II|expulsion of the Germans]], Czechoslovakia found it had a labor shortage, especially of farmers in the [[Sudetenland]]. As a result, the Czechoslovak government deported more than 44,129 Hungarians from Slovakia to the Sudetenland between 1945 and 1947. Some 2,489 were resettled voluntarily and received houses, good pay and citizenship in return. Later on, from November 19, 1946 to September 30, 1946, the government resettled the remaining 41,666 by force, with the Police and Army transporting them like "livestock" in rail cars. The Hungarians were required to work as indentured laborers, often offered in village markets to the new Czech settlers of Sudets. These conditions eased slowly. After a few years, the resettled Hungarians started to return to their homes in Slovakia. By 1948 some 18,536 had returned, causing conflicts over the ownership of their original houses, since Slovak colonists had often taken them over. By 1950 the majority of indentured Hungarians had returned to Slovakia. The status of Hungarians in Czechoslovakia was resolved, and the government again gave citizenship to ethnic Hungarians. === Population statistics after World War II === [[Image:Hrad Krasna Horka.jpg|thumb|Krásna Hôrka]] In the 1950 census the number of Hungarians in Slovakia decreased by 240,000 in comparison to 1930. By 1961 census it increased by 164,244 to 518,776. The low number in the 1950 census is likely due to the re-Slovakization; the higher number in the 1961 census is due to the fact that the re-Slovakization was cancelled {{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}. The number of Hungarians in Slovakia increased from 518,782 in 1961 to 567,296 in 1991. The number of self-identified Hungarians in Slovakia decreased between 1991 and 2001, due in part to assimilation accelerated by continued pressure from the Slovak society and state institutions, and introduction of new ethnic categories, such as the Roma. === The Velvet Revolution and the independence of Slovakia === After the [[Velvet Revolution]] of 1989, Czechia and Slovakia separated peacefully in the [[Velvet Divorce]] of 1993. Following the independence of Slovakia, the situation of the Hungarian minority worsened, especially under the reign of Slovak Prime Minister [[Vladimír Mečiar]] (1993-March 1994 and December 1994-1998). An official language law required the use of the Slovak language not only in official communications but also in everyday commerce, in the administration of religious bodies, and even in the realm of what is normally considered private interaction, for example, communications between patient and physician.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} On January 23, 2007, the local broadcasting committee shut down BBC's radio broadcasting for using English, and cited the language law as the reason.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://slovakspectator.sk/clanok-26424.html|title=BBC's radio license yanked for use of English|date=|accessdate=|work=[[The Slovak Spectator]]}}</ref> Especially in Slovakia's ethnic Hungarian areas<ref>O'Dwyer, Conor : ''Runaway State-building'', p. 113 [http://books.google.com/books?id=yl5owehtGRAC&pg=PA113&dq=gerrymandering+Slovakia&ei=C-yvSfzAKoSyNvSmoJIF online]</ref>, critics have attacked the administrative division of Slovakia as a case of [[gerrymandering]], designed so that in all eight [[Regions of Slovakia|regions]], Hungarians are in the minority. Under the 1996 law of reorganization, only two [[Districts of Slovakia|districts]] ([[Dunajská Streda District|Dunajská Streda]] and [[Komárno District|Komárno]]) have a Hungarian-majority population. While also done to maximize the success of the party [[HZDS]], the gerrymandering in ethnic Hungarian areas worked to minimize the Hungarians' voting power.<ref>O'Dwyer, Conor : ''Runaway State-building'', p. 113 [http://books.google.com/books?id=yl5owehtGRAC&pg=PA113&dq=gerrymandering+Slovakia&ei=C-yvSfzAKoSyNvSmoJIF online]</ref> In all eight [[Regions of Slovakia|regions]], Hungarians are in the minority, though five regions have Hungarian populations within the 10 to 30 per cent range. The Slovak government established new territorial districts from north to south, dividing the Hungarian community into five administrative units, where they became a minority in each administrative unit. The Hungarian community saw a substantial loss of political influence in this gerrymandering.<ref>Minton F. Goldman: ''Slovakia since independence'', p. 125. [http://books.google.com/books?id=CTaQRl5xkJ0C&pg=PA125&dq=gerrymandering+Slovakia&ei=C-yvSfzAKoSyNvSmoJIF online]</ref> On March 12, 1997, the Undersecretary of Education sent a circular to the heads of the school districts, ordering that in Hungarian-language schools, the Slovak language should be taught exclusively by native speakers. The same requirement for native Slovak-language speakers applied to teaching of geography and history in non-Slovak schools. In 1998 this measure was repealed by the [[Mikuláš Dzurinda]] government. On April 10, 2008 the Hungarian Coalition Party (MKP) voted with the governing [[Smer]] and [[SNS]] supporting the ratification of the [[Treaty of Lisbon]]<ref>{{cite web|title=SMK will vote for Lisbon Treaty, to SDKÚ & KDH dismay|publisher=''Slovak Spectator''|url=http://www.spectator.sk/articles/view/31392/10/smk_will_vote_for_lisbon_treaty_to_sdku_kdh_dismay.html|date=2008-04-10|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>. This is the result of an alleged political bargain<ref name="Hír">{{cite web|title=Csáky "tehénszar" helyett már "tökös gyerek" - Fico "aljas ajánlata"|language=Hungarian|publisher=''Hírszerző''|url=http://www.hirszerzo.hu/cikkr.csaky_tehenszar_helyett_mar_tokos_gyerek_-_fico_aljas_ajanlata.63108.html|date=2008-04-14|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>: [[Robert Fico]] promised to change the Slovak education law that would have drastically limited the Hungarian minority's usage of their [[native language]] in education facilities<ref>{{cite web|title=Készek tüntetni a szlovákiai magyarok|language=Hungarian|publisher=''Hírszerző''|url=http://www.hirszerzo.hu/cikk.keszek_tuntetni_a_szlovakiai_magyarok.61236.html|date=2008-03-26|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>. The two Slovak opposition parties saw this as a betrayal<ref name="Hír"/>, because originally the whole Slovak opposition had planned to boycott the vote to protest a new press code that limited the [[freedom of the press]] in Slovakia<ref>{{cite web|title=Fico's post-Press Code era has begun|publisher=''The Slovak Spectator''|url=http://www.spectator.sk/articles/view/31432/11/ficos_post_press_code_era_has_begun.html|date=2008-04-14|accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>. == The situation of the Hungarian minority today == [[Image:Zilina P6112384-selection.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ján Slota]], the chairman of Slovak government Party [[Slovak National Party|SNS]], according to whom the Hungarian population of Slovakia ''"is a [[tumour]] in the body of the Slovak nation."''<ref>{{cite web|title=Separatist Movements Seek Inspiration in Kosovo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,537008-2,00.html|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|date=2008-02-22|accessdate=2008-08-06}}</ref><ref>[http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/europe/090814/slovakia-hungary Slovakia and Hungary just won't get along]</ref><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,644853,00.html Slovakia and Hungary 'Dangerously Close to Playing with Fire']</ref>]] The 1992 Slovak constitution is derived from the concept of the Slovak nation state.<ref name="Slovakia.org">[http://www.slovakia.org/society-hungary.htm Hungarian Nation in Slovakia|Slovakia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The preamble of the [[Constitution of the Slovak Republic|Constitution]], however, cites Slovaks and ethnic minorities as the constituency. Moreover, the rights of the diverse minorities are protected by the Constitution, the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], and various other legally binding documents. The [[Party of the Hungarian Coalition]]([[SMK]]) is represented in Parliament and was part of the government coalition from 1998 to 2006. The Constitution also declares that Slovak is the state language on the territory of the Slovak Republic. Make this rules concrete, the 1995 Language Law declares that the State language has a priority over other languages applied on the whole territory of the Slovak Republic. The 2009 amendment of the language law retricts the use of minoritiy languages, and extend the obligatory use of the state language, eg. in communities where the number of minority speaker is less than 20% of the population. Under the 2009 amendment a fine up to 5000 euros may be imposed on those committing a misdemeanor in relation to the use of the state language. In 1995, a so-called Basic Treaty was signed between Hungary and Slovakia, regarded by the US and leading European powers as a pre-condition for these countries to join NATO and the EU. In the basic treaty the Hungary and Slovakia undertook a wide range of legal obligations among others the acceptance of recommendation 1201 of the European Council which in its article 11 states that 'in the regions where they are in a majority the persons belonging to a national minority shall have the right to have at their disposal appropriate local or autonomous authorities or to have a special status, matching the specific historical and territorial situation and in accordance with the domestic legislation of the state.' After the [[Regions of Slovakia]] became autonomous in 2002, the SMK was able to take power in the [[Nitra Region]]. It became part of the ruling coalition in several other regions. Since the new administrative system was put in place in 1996, the SMK has asked for the creation of a Hungarian-majority [[Komárno]] county. Although a territorial unit of the same name [[Komárom county|existed]] before 1918, the borders proposed by the SMK are significantly different. The proposed region would encompass a long slice of southern Slovakia, with the explicit aim to create an administrative unit with an ethnic Hungarian majority. Hungarian minority politicians and intellectuals are convinced that such an administrative unit is essential for the long-term survival of the Hungarian minority. The Slovak government has so far refused to change the boundaries of the administrative units, and ethnic Hungarians continue as minorities in each. The coalition formed after the parliamentary elections in 2006 saw the [[Slovak National Party]] headed by [[Ján Slota]] (frequently described as ultra-[[Nationalism|nationalist]]<ref name="HRF">[http://www.hhrf.org/hhrf/index_en.php?oldal=182 New Slovak Government Embraces Ultra-Nationalists, Excludes Hungarian Coalition Party] HRF Alert: "Hungarians are the cancer of the Slovak nation, without delay we need to remove them from the body of the nation." (Új Szó, April 15, 2005)</ref><ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/07/europe/EU_GEN_EU_Slovakia.php International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations]</ref>, [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Extremism|extremist]]<ref name="HRF" /><ref>[http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/slovakia.htm The Steven Roth Institute: Country reports. Antisemitism and racism in Slovakia]</ref> and [[Neo-Fascism|neo-fascist]]<ref>[http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?no=307414&rel_no=1 Democratic Dilemma - OhmyNews International<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>) become a member of the ruling coalition, led by the allegedly social-democratic [[Smer]] party. After its signing of a coalition treaty with far-right extremist party [[SNS]], the Smer's Social-Democratic self-identification was questioned. In August 2006, a few incidents motivated by [[ethnic hatred]] caused diplomatic tensions between Slovakia and Hungary. Mainstream Hungarian and Slovak media blamed Slota's anti-Hungarian statements from the early summer for the worsening ethnic relations. The [[Party of European Socialists]], with which the Smer is affiliated, regards SNS as a party of the racist far-right. It reacted to news of the coalition by expressing grave concern. The PES suspended Smer's membership on 12 October 2006 and decided to review the situation in June 2007. The decision was then extended until February 2008, when Smer's candidacy was readmitted by PES. On 27 September 2007, the Slovak parliament reconfirmed the [[Beneš decrees]], appearing to legitimize the historic accusation of collective guilt and deportation of [[Hungarians]] and [[Germans]] from [[Czechoslovakia]] after [[World War II]].<ref name="politics">{{cite web|publisher = mkp|url=http://www.mkp.sk/eng/images/pdf/MINORITY%20REPORT%20-%20OCTOBER.pdf|format=PDF|title = The Beneš-Decrees Are Untouchable|year = 2007|accessdate= October 2008}}</ref> === Language law === {{main|Language law of Slovakia}} Language law is focused to protect slovak culture and slovaks but is not focused against hungarians !!!! == Culture == * ''[[Új Szó]]'', a Hungarian-language daily newspaper published in [[Bratislava]] [http://www.ujszo.sk] * [[Madách(publishing house)|Madách]] - former Hungarian publishing house in Bratislava * [[Kalligram]] - Hungarian publishing house in Bratislava [http://kalligram.sk/] == Education == Some 585 schools in Slovakia, [[kindergarten]]s inclusive, use the Hungarian language as the main language of education. Nearly 200 schools use both Slovak and Hungarian. In 2004, the [[J. Selye University]] of [[Komárno]] was the first state-financed [[Hungarian language|Hungarian-language]] university to be opened outside Hungary. == Hungarian political parties == * [[Party of the Hungarian Coalition]] (Strana maďarskej koalície - ''Magyar Koalíció Pártja'') (MKP), in the government between 1998-2006. * [[Most–Híd]] == Towns with large Hungarian populations == Note: only towns are listed here, villages and rural municipalities are not. === Towns with a Hungarian majority === * [[Veľký Meder]] (Nagymegyer) - 9,113 inhabitants, of whom 84.6% are Hungarian * [[Kolárovo]] (Gúta) - 10,756 inhabitants, of whom 82.6% are Hungarian * [[Dunajská Streda]] (Dunaszerdahely) - 23,562 inhabitants, of whom 79.75% are Hungarian * [[Kráľovský Chlmec]] (Királyhelmec) - 7,966 inhabitants, of whom 76.94% are Hungarian * [[Štúrovo]] (Párkány) - 11,708 inhabitants, of whom 68.7% are Hungarian * [[Šamorín]] (Somorja) - 12,339 inhabitants, of whom 66.63% are Hungarian * [[Fiľakovo]] (Fülek) - 10,198 inhabitants, of whom 64.40% are Hungarian * [[Šahy]] (Ipolyság) - 7,971 inhabitants, of whom 62.21% are Hungarian * [[Tornaľa]] (Tornalja) - 8,016 inhabitants, of whom 62.14% are Hungarian * [[Komárno]] (Komárom) - 37,366 inhabitants, of whom 60.09% are Hungarian * [[Čierna nad Tisou]] (Tiszacsernyő) - 4,390 inhabitants, of whom 60% are Hungarian * [[Veľké Kapušany]] (Nagykapos) - 9,536 inhabitants of whom 56.98% are Hungarian * [[Želiezovce]] (Zselíz) - 7,522 inhabitants, of whom 51.24% are Hungarian * [[Hurbanovo]] (Ógyalla) - 8,041 inhabitants, of whom 50.19% are Hungarian === Towns with a Hungarian population of between 25% and 50% === * [[Moldava nad Bodvou]] (Szepsi) - 9,525 inhabitants of whom 43.6% are Hungarian * [[Sládkovičovo]] (Diószeg) - 6,078 inhabitants of whom 38.5% are Hungarian * [[Galanta]] (Galánta) - 16,000 inhabitants of whom 36.80% are Hungarian * [[Rimavská Sobota]] (Rimaszombat) - 24,520 inhabitants of whom 35.26% are Hungarian * [[Nové Zámky]] (Érsekújvár) - 42,300 inhabitants of whom 27.52% are Hungarian * [[Rožňava]] (Rozsnyó) - 19,120 inhabitants of whom 26.8% are Hungarian === Towns with a Hungarian population of between 10% and 25% === * [[Senec, Slovakia|Senec]] (Szenc) - 15,193 inhabitants of whom 22% are Hungarian * [[Šaľa]] (Vágsellye) - 24,506 inhabitants of whom 17.9% are Hungarian * [[Lučenec]] (Losonc) - 28,221 inhabitants of whom 13.11% are Hungarian * [[Levice]] (Léva) - 35,980 inhabitants of whom 12.23% are Hungarian == Famous Hungarians born in the area of present-day Slovakia == === Born before 1918 in the Kingdom of Hungary === * [[Gyula Andrássy]] (politician) * [[Gyula Andrássy the Younger]] (politician) * [[Bálint Balassi]] (poet) * [[Miklós Bercsényi]] (politician, military leader) * [[Lujza Blaha]] (actress, "the nightingale of the nation") * [[Béla Gerster]] (engineer, canal architect) * [[Mór Jókai]] (writer) * [[Imre Madách]] (poet) * [[Pál Maléter]] (military leader of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution) * [[Sándor Márai]] (world-famous writer) * [[Kálmán Mikszáth]] (writer) * [[Francis II Rákóczi]] (prince, military leader, freedom fighter) * [[Gyula Reviczky]] (poet) * [[Mihály Tompa]] (poet) * [[Lajos Kassák]] (poet, painter, typographer, graphic artist) * [[Ernő Dohnányi]] (conductor, composer, pianist) * [[Lajos Batthyány]] (politician, martyr) === Born after 1918 in Czechoslovakia === * [[Balázs Borbély]] (sportsman) * [[Imrich Bugár]] ''Imre Bugár'' (sportsman) * [[George Feher]] ''György Fehér'' (biophysicist) * [[Koloman Gögh]] ''Kálmán Gögh'' (sportsman) * [[László Mécs]] ([[Družstevná pri Hornáde]], Slovakia; poet) * [[Szilárd Németh]] (sportsman) * [[Alexander Pituk]] ''Sándor Pituk'' (sportsman) * [[Tamás Priskin]] (sportsman) * [[Richard Réti]] (sportsman) === Born in Czechoslovakia, career in Hungary === * [[Katalin Szvorák]] * [[János Manga]] === Hungarian politicians in Slovakia === * [[Béla Bugár]] - former chairman of [[Party of the Hungarian Coalition]] * [[Edit Bauer]] - member of [[Member of the European Parliament]] * [[László Nagy(Slovakia)|László Nagy]] * [[Pál Csáky]] - chairman of Party of the Hungarian Coalition * [[László Gyurovszky]] * [[Miklós Duray]] * Count [[János Esterházy]] - World War II politician * [[Károly Tóth]] - Leader of the [[Forum institute]], which compiles statistics on minorities in Slovakia. == See also == {{columns|width=350px |col1 = * [[Magyarization]] * [[Hungarian-Slovak relations]] * [[Demographics of Slovakia]] * [[2006 Slovak-Hungarian diplomatic affairs]] * [[Hungarian minority in Romania]] * [[Slovakization]] |col2= * [[Hungarians in Vojvodina]] * [[Székely]] * [[Székelys of Bukovina]] * [[Csángó]] }} == Footnotes == {{Reflist|2}} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyarization == References == * {{cite book|author=Alfred J. Rieber|title=Forced Migration in Central and Eastern Europe, 1939-1950|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9780714651323|year=2000}} * {{cite book|author=Michael Mandelbaum|title=The New European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|isbn=9780876092576|year=2000}} == Further reading == * {{cite journal |quotes = |last = Gyurcsik |first = Iván |authorlink = |coauthors = James Satterwhite |date = |year = 1996 |month = September |title = The Hungarians in Slovakia |journal = [[Nationalities Papers]] |volume = 24 |issue = 3 |pages = 509–524 |doi = 10.1080/00905999608408463 |id = |url = |language = |format = |accessdate = |laysummary = |laysource = |laydate = |quote = }} * {{cite journal |quotes = |last = Paul |first = Ellen L. |authorlink = |date = |year = 2003 |month = December |title = Perception vs. Reality: Slovak Views of the Hungarian Minority in Slovakia |journal = [[Nationalities Papers]] |volume = 31 |issue = 4 |pages = 485–493 |doi = 10.1080/0090599032000152951 |id = |url = |language = |format = |accessdate = |laysummary = |laysource = |laydate = |quote = }} == External links == * [http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/hmcb/Tab07.htm Hungarian population in present-day Slovakia (1880-1991)] {{Hungarian diaspora}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hungarians In Slovakia}} [[Category:Hungarians in Slovakia|*]] [[Category:Hungarian minorities in Europe|Slovakia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Slovakia]] [[Category:History of Slovakia]] [[Category:History of Hungary]] [[ca:Hongaresos d'Eslovàquia]] [[es:Húngaros en Eslovaquia]] [[fa:مجارهای اسلواکی]] [[hu:Szlovákiai magyarok]] [[nl:Hongaarse minderheid in Slowakije]] [[pl:Mniejszość węgierska na Słowacji]] [[ru:Венгры в Словакии]] [[sk:Maďari na Slovensku]]'