Examine individual changes

''''Gastro-''' is a common [[English language|English-language]] [[Prefix (linguistics)|prefix]] derived from the [[ancient Greek]] ''gastros'' ("[[stomach]]"). 😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊😊☺☺☺☺☺☺☺☺😃😃😃😃😃😃😃😃😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂 *'''L[[Gastronomy]]''' refer the study of relationship between [[culture]] and [[food]]. It is often erroneously thought that the term is synonymous with the [[culinary arts]], but in fact this is only a small part of this discipline. Gastronomy is interdisciplinary, related to the fine arts, social sciences, and natural sciences. *A '''[[gastropub]]''' is a British term for a [[public house]] ("pub") which specializes in high-quality food a step above the more basic "[[pub grub]]." The name is derived from ''gastronomy'' and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben opened a pub called The Eagle in [[Clerkenwell]], London. They placed an emphasis on the quality of food served, though The Eagle was not the first pub to offer good food. Gastropubs usually have an atmosphere which is relaxed and a focus on offering a particular [[cuisine]] prepared as well as it is in the best [[restaurant]]s. Staying true to the format requires a menu that complements the assortment of [[beer]]s and [[wine]]s the gastropub offers. ==Human anatomy and medicine== *'''[[Gastroenterology]]''' or '''[[Gastroenterology|gastrology]]''' is the scientific study of the [[digestive system]] and [[digestive diseases]]. *'''[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]''' ("acid reflux") is a common disease of the digestive system in which [[gastric acid]], [[bile]], and/or [[pancreatic juice]] flow into the [[esophagus|distal esophagus]], causing pain (mostly [[heartburn]]) and [[Biological tissue|tissue]] damage. *'''[[Gastrocaine]]''' is an [[antacid]] often taken as a [[prophylaxis]] to prevent gastrointestinal disruption. It is often prescribed with [[Diclofenac]] during [[gout|attacks]]; Diclofenac reduces [[inflammation]] as gastrocaine will prevent the [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] from causing stomach upsets. *The '''[[gastrocnemius muscle]]''' is a powerful superficial [[muscle]] in the back part of the lower [[human leg]] (the [[Calf (anatomy)|calf]]). It runs from its two heads just above the [[knee]] to the [[heel]], and is involved in standing and walking. It forms the [[Achilles tendon]] with the [[soleus muscle]] and some scientists consider both to be the [[triceps surae]], a single muscle. *The '''[[gastroduodenal artery]]''' is a small [[blood vessel]] in the [[abdomen]]. It supplies [[blood]] to the [[pylorus]], a distal part of the [[stomach]], and the proximal part of the [[duodenum]]. It arises from the [[common hepatic artery]] and terminates in a [[wikt:bifurcation|bifurcation]], when it splits into the [[right gastro-omental artery]] and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. *'''[[Gastroduodenostomy]]''' is a [[surgical procedure]] in which a new connection between the [[stomach]] and the [[duodenum]] is made. The surgery is usually performed on patients with [[stomach cancer]] or a malfunctioning [[pyloric valve]]. *'''[[Gastroenteritis]]''' is an [[inflammation]] of the [[gastrointestinal tract]], marked by [[fever]], [[diarrhea]], and/or [[vomiting]] caused by an [[infection|infectious]] [[virus|viral]], [[bacterium|bacterial]], or [[parasite|parasitic]] [[pathogen]]. It usually is of acute onset, normally lasting less than ten days, and is self-limiting. Sometimes it is referred to simply as "gastro." It is often referred to as the "stomach flu," though it is not related to [[influenza]]. If the inflammation is limited to the [[stomach]], the term [[gastritis]] is used, and if the small [[bowel]] alone is affected, term [[enteritis]] is used. *'''[[Gastroenterostomy]]''' is a [[surgical procedure]] in which a new connection between the [[stomach]] and the [[jejunum]] is made. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial [[gastrectomy]]. Gastroenterostomy was in the past performed to treat [[peptic ulcer]]s, but today is usually carried out to enable food to pass directly to the [[small intestine]], bypassing a damaged [[duodenum]]. The procedure is becoming less common, due to advances in the treatment of ulcers as well as new drugs. *The '''gastroepiploic arteries''' are [[artery|arteries]] that supply [[blood|oxygenated blood]] to the [[stomach]]. The [[right gastro-omental artery|right gastroepiploic artery]] arises when the [[gastroduodenal artery]] bifurcates. The [[right gastro-omental artery|left gastroepiploic artery]] arises from the [[splenic artery]]. The gastroepiploic arteries [[anastomosis|anastomose]] to one another on the greater curvature of the stomach. *The '''[[gastrointestinal tract]]''' or '''[[gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal system]]''' is the part of the [[digestive system]] that takes in [[food]], [[digestion|digests]] it to extract [[energy]] and [[nutrient]]s, and expels the remaining [[waste]]: **'''[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]''' is any [[hemorrhage]] (loss of [[blood]]) in the [[gastrointestinal tract]], from the [[pharynx]] to the [[rectum]]. It has diverse causes, and a [[medical history]], as well as [[physical examination]], generally distinguishes between the main forms. The degree of bleeding can range from nearly undetectable to acute, massive, life-threatening bleeding. [[Upper endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]] are generally considered appropriate to identify the source of bleeding. It may refer to [[upper gastrointestinal bleeding]] ([[hematemesis]]) or [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding]] ([[melena]], [[hematochezia]]), as well as [[arteriovenous malformation]]). **'''[[Gastrointestinal cancer]]''' is [[cancer]] in any part of the [[gastrointestinal tract]]. it may refer to [[gastrointestinal stromal tumor]]s, [[esophageal cancer]], [[stomach cancer]], [[liver cancer]], [[gallbladder cancer]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[colon cancer]], or [[anal cancer]]. '''[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumor]]s''' are a [[rare disease|rare]] non-[[epithelium|epithelial]] [[tumor]]s of the [[gastrointestinal tract]], diagnostically separate from more common forms of [[bowel cancer]] and comprising 1 to 3 percent of all gastrointestinal [[malignancy|malignancies]]. Seventy percent occur in the [[stomach]], 20 percent in the [[small intestine]] and less than 10 percent in the [[esophagus]]. Small tumors are generally benign, especially when [[mitosis|cell division]] rate is slow, but large tumors disseminate to the [[liver]], [[Greater omentum|omentum]] and [[peritoneal cavity]]. They rarely occur in other abdominal organs. **'''[[Gastric inhibitory peptide|Gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide]]''' or '''[[Gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide|gastric inhibitory peptide]]''' is a [[hormone]] secreted by the K-cells of the [[duodenum]] in the [[gastrointestinal tract]]. Formerly, it was believed to neutralize [[stomach acid]] to protect the [[small intestine]] from damage and reduce the rate at which [[food]] is transferred through the [[stomach]]. However, it was discovered that these effects are only achieved with higher-than normal levels of the hormone, and that these results occur naturally in the body through a similar hormone, [[secretin]]. It is now believed that the function of the gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide is to induce [[insulin]] secretion after [[glucose]] is detected in the small intestine. Because of this discovery, gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide is now called '''[[glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide]]'''. *'''[[Gastroparesis]]''' *'''[[Gastroptosis]]''' *'''[[Gastroschisis]]''' *'''[[Gastroscope]]''' *'''[[esophagogastroduodenoscopy|Gastroscopy]]''' (also called ''esophagogastroduodenoscopy'' or ''upper endoscopy'' *'''[[Gastrostomy]]''' *'''[[Gastrostomy tube]]''' ==Paleontology== *A '''[[gastrolith]]''' ==Technology== *A '''[[gastrobot]]''' is a food-power [[robot]]. ==Zoology== *'''''[[Gastropoda]]''''' is the largest [[Scientific classification|class]] of [[mollusk]]s, with between 60,000 and 75,000 [[species]]. It members are termed ''gastropods'', ''gasteropods'', or ''univalves''. The class comprises [[snail]]s and [[slug]]s as well as a vast number of marine and freshwater species. They typically have a well-defined head with two or four [[senses|sensory]] [[tentacle]]s, and a [[ventral]] [[foot]]. They are distinguished by [[Torsion (gastropod)|torsion]], a process where the body coils to one side during development. *'''''[[Gastrotheca]]''''' (marsupial frogs) is a [[genus]] of frogs in the [[family]] ''[[Hylidae]]'', found in Central and South America. *'''''[[Gastrotrich]]a''''' is a [[phylum]] of [[microorganism|microscopic]] [[animal]]s, found in freshwater and marine environments. Its members are termed ''[[gastrotrich]]s''. They are [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilaterally symmetric]], with a complete [[Gut (zoology)|gut]]. The body is covered with [[cilia]], especially about the [[mouth]], and has two terminal projections that serve as adhesive tubes. Like many microscopic animals, [[animal locomotion|locomotion]] is primarily powered by hydrostatics, and they [[reproduction|reproduce]] entirely by [[parthenogenesis]]. Originally gastrotrichs were thought to have a [[body cavity|pseudocoel]], but this was an artifact created by preservation methods, and they are now known to be acoelomate. Genetic testings demonstrates close relation to [[flatworm]]s. About 450 species are known, with an average life span of about three days. *'''[[Gastrovascular cavity]]''' *'''[[Gastrorchis]]''' *'''[[Gastropholis]]''' [[Category:Biological nomenclature]] [[Category:Prefixes]]'