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'{{About|the Ares V launch vehicle|other uses|Ares (disambiguation)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}} {{Infobox rocket |image = Ares-V (Feb 2008).jpg |caption = Artist's impression of an Ares V during SRB separation |name = Ares V |function = Cargo Launch Vehicle |country-origin = United States |height = {{convert|116|m|ft|abbr=on}} or {{convert|109|m|ft|abbr=on}} |alt-height = |diameter = {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} or {{convert|8.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} |alt-diameter = |mass = |alt-mass = |stages = 2 |LEO-payload = {{convert|188000|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name=hsf200910> [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/396093main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport.pdf HSF Final Report: Seeking a Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of a Great Nation], October 2009, ''Review of U.S. Human Spaceflight Plans Committee'', p. 65-66.</ref> |alt-LEO = |payload-location = [[Trans Lunar Injection|TLI]] |payload = {{convert|71100|kg|lb|abbr=on}} or {{convert|60600|kg|lb|abbr=on}} |alt-payload = |status = Canceled |sites = [[Kennedy Space Center]], [[LC-39B]] |launches = 0 |boosters = 2 |boostername = [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|5- or 5.5-segment Shuttle-derived SRB]] |boosterengines = 1 [[Solid rocket|solid]] |boosterthrust = |boostertime = |boosterfuel = [[Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant|APCP (solid)]] |stage1engines = 5 or 6 [[RS-68]]B<ref name="AresV_overview"/> or 5 [[Space Shuttle Main Engine|SSME]] |stage1thrust = |alt-stage1thrust = |stage1SI = |stage1time = |stage1fuel = [[LH2]]/[[LOX]] |stage2name = [[Earth Departure Stage]] |stage2engines = 1 or 2 [[J-2X]] |stage2thrust = |alt-stage2thrust = |stage2SI = |stage2time = |stage2fuel = [[LH2]]/[[LOX]] }} The '''Ares V''' (formerly known as the '''Cargo Launch Vehicle''' or '''CaLV''') was the planned cargo launch component of the [[NASA]] [[Constellation program]], which was to have replaced the [[Space Shuttle]] after its retirement in 2011. Ares V was also planned to carry supplies for a human presence on [[Mars]].<ref name=JPL>{{Cite web |author1=Reh, Kim |author2=Spilker, Tom |author3=Elliott, John |author4=Balint, Tibor |author5=Donahue, Ben |author6=McCormick, Dave |author7=Smith, David B. |author8=Tandon, Sunil |author9=Woodcock, Gordon |title=Ares V: Application to Solar System Scientific Exploratio |url=http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/40727 |work=JPL Publication 08-3 |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate=September 13, 2011}}</ref> Ares V and the smaller [[Ares I]] were named after [[Ares]], the Greek god of war. The Ares V was to launch the [[Earth Departure Stage]] and [[Altair (spacecraft)|Altair]] lunar lander for NASA's return to the [[Moon]], which was planned for 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2006/10/nasa-sets-orion-13-for-moon-return/ |title=NASA sets Orion 13 for Moon Return |first=Daniel |last=Handlin |publisher=NASA SpaceFlight.com |date=October 11, 2006 |accessdate=October 19, 2016}}</ref> It would also have served as the principal launcher for missions beyond the Earth-Moon system, including the program's ultimate goal, a manned mission to Mars. The unmanned Ares V would complement the smaller, and [[Human-rating certification|human-rated]] [[Ares I]] rocket for the launching of the 4–6 person [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] spacecraft. Both rockets, deemed safer than the then-current Space Shuttle, would have employed technologies developed for the [[Apollo program]], the Shuttle program, and the [[Delta IV]] [[Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle|EELV]] program.<ref name="SafetyDesign">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/aresl/index.html |title=NASA – Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle |accessdate=May 13, 2009 |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=April 29, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090504015905/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/aresl/index.html| archivedate= May 4, 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> However, the Constellation program, including Ares V and Ares I was canceled in October 2010 by the [[NASA Authorization Act of 2010]]. In September 2011, NASA detailed the [[Space Launch System]] as its new vehicle for human exploration beyond Earth's orbit.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/sls1.html NASA Announces Design for New Deep Space Exploration System]. Nasa.gov (September 29, 2011). Retrieved June 7, 2012.</ref> <!-- <br style="clear: left" /> --> {{clear left}} ==Development== ===Early concepts=== In the 1996 book ''[[The Case for Mars]]'', author [[Robert Zubrin]] discussed a possible future heavy launch vehicle named ''Ares''. In the book, the rocket would have consisted of the [[Space Shuttle external tank]] powered by four [[Space Shuttle Main Engine]]s (SSMEs) and a second stage powered by an [[RL-10]] engine. One notable difference in the Zubrin ''et al.'' design is that the SSMEs were on a small side-mounted flyback craft. This design was meant to allow the Ares to fly using existing Space Shuttle infrastructure.<ref>Zubrin, Robert and Richard Wagner. ''The Case for Mars'', p. 61ss. Free Press, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0684835501}}.</ref> ===Constellation=== Ares V was to be the cargo launch component of the [[Constellation program]]. Unlike the [[Saturn V]] and [[Space Shuttle]], where the crew and cargo were launched together on the same rocket, Project Constellation planned to use two separate launch vehicles, the Ares I and the Ares V, for crew and cargo respectively. This configuration would have allowed the two launch vehicles to be optimized for their respective missions. Constellation therefore combined the [[Lunar Orbit Rendezvous]] used by Apollo with the [[Earth Orbit Rendezvous]] mode proposed by Dr. [[Wernher von Braun]] (along with the "Direct Ascent" proposal) during the early planning stage of Apollo. [[File:Aiaa1.jpg|thumb|left|Artist's impression of the Ares V at liftoff]] Development of the rocket and its Earth departure stage was led by NASA's [[Marshall Space Flight Center]]. NASA [[Ames Research Center]] was responsible for the Ares V integrated health management system supports in developing its payload shroud. [[Glenn Research Center]] led the development of the lunar lander ascent stage as well as Ares V power system, thrust vector control system and payload shroud. [[Langley Research Center]] had a lead role on Ares V aerodynamics.<ref>[http://www.space.com/news/071030-sn-ares-fieldassign.html NASA Assigns Field Center Roles for Ares 5, Lunar Lander]. SPACE.com </ref> In 2007, NASA announced that [[Alliant Techsystems]] will be the contractor for the SRBs of both Ares I and Ares V.<ref>[http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2007/aug/HQ_C07036_Ares_first_stage.html NASA Awards First Stage Contract for Ares Rockets]. Nasa.gov. Retrieved June 7, 2012.</ref> ===Further roles=== Although the Ares V was a medium to long term project, [[NASA]] planned to deploy its lift capability in a range of projects,<ref name="Telescopes">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/space_telescopes.html |title=Thinking Big About Space Telescopes |publisher=NASA}}</ref> along the lines of the former [[Apollo Applications Program]]. One proposal was to build an 8 to 16-meter [[Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope]]<ref>"Where Will Astronomy Be In 35 Years?". Astronomy Magazine, August 2008.</ref> to be placed in the Sun/Earth [[Lagrangian point|L2 point]]. It would be a significant increase in dimension and performance over the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and the Ares V vehicle was expected to carry this to its destination in a single launch.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} Future [[Vision for Space Exploration#Outline|Ares V missions]] could also have served as a cost-effective, mass transport of construction materials for future [[spacecraft]] and [[space exploration|missions]], delivering [[raw material]]s for example to a Moon [[Space dock|dock]].{{citation needed|date=May 2011}} [[File:NASA-Ares-logo.svg|thumb|right|upright=0.7| ]] In May 2010, NASA planned flight demonstrations of Ares V hardware along with Ares I hardware after the scheduled upcoming Ares I-X Prime test of the Ares I 5-segment SRB first stage. Several flights were listed as "Heavy Lift" test flights for testing the first stage of the Ares V simultaneously with the Ares I upper stage attached on top of the Ares V first stage. This would save both time and money in avoiding the gap between testing Ares I and Ares V hardware with limited funding.<ref>Bergin, Chris. [http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/05/ambitious-ares-test-flight-plan-hlv-demonstrations/ Ambitious Ares test flight plan proposed for HLV demonstrations]. nasaspaceflight.com, May 10, 2010.</ref> ===Cancellation=== The [[Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee|Augustine Commission]] concluded that "Under the FY 2010 funding profile, the Committee estimates that Ares V will not be available until the late 2020s".<ref name=HSF_review_p60>Augustine Committee 2009, p. 60.</ref> Even if NASA had been given the $3 billion increase and the ISS had been retired in 2015, the committee still believed that the Ares V would not be ready until the mid-2020s.<ref name=HSF_review_p86>Augustine Committee 2009, p. 86.</ref> On February 1, 2010, President [[Barack Obama]] announced a proposal to cancel the Constellation program effective with the U.S. 2011 fiscal year budget,<ref>http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/420990main_FY_201_%20Budget_Overview_1_Feb_2010.pdf</ref> but later announced changes to the proposal in a [[Barack Obama space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center|major space policy speech]] at Kennedy Space Center on April 15, 2010. In October 2010, the [[NASA Authorization Act of 2010]] was signed into law, which canceled Constellation.<ref>[http://www.space.com/9305-president-obama-signs-vision-space-exploration-law.html "President Obama Signs New Vision for U.S. Space Exploration Into Law"]. Space.com, October 11, 2010.</ref> But previous legislation kept Constellation contracts in force until a new funding bill was passed for 2011.<ref>[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=space&id=news/awx/2010/10/22/awx_10_22_2010_p0-264465.xml&headline=Constellation%20Is%20Dead,%20But%20Pieces%20Live%20On "Constellation Is Dead, But Pieces Live On"]. ''Aviation Week'', October 26, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.space.com/9712-nasa-stuck-limbo-congress-takes.html "NASA Stuck in Limbo as New Congress Takes Over"]. Space.com, January 7, 2011.</ref> Due to previous legislative obligations, $500 million was to be paid to contractors after the program's cancellation until March 2011.<ref>[http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2010-12-26/news/os-nasa-ares-rocket-constellation-20101227_1_constellation-moon-program-nasa-s-ares-new-nasa-plan "NASA's Ares rocket dead, but Congress lets you pay $500 million more for it"]. Orlando Sentinel, December 26, 2010.</ref> ==Design== [[File:Ares V View.png|thumb|right|[[Exploded view drawing|Exploded view]] of the Ares V including Earth Departure Stage. The boosters are shown in white, First stage in orange-brown, and upper stage checkered.]] The Ares V was intended as a heavy-launch vehicle to send large hardware and materials to the Moon, or to send supplies beyond Earth orbit to sustain human presence there.<ref name="AresV_overview"/> The Ares V was designed to be a three-stage rocket: the first and second stages, which burn together, were to use both solid and liquid propulsion with the upper stage providing the necessary propulsion to send the hardware and staples beyond [[low-Earth orbit]] and onto a trajectory to the Moon. Ares V underwent a preliminary design review after the results of the 2009 Augustine Commission.<ref name="Ares V Switch">[http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2009/10/bolden-directs-msfc-special-team-to-evaluate-hlv-alternatives/ "Bolden Directs MSFC Special Team to evaluate HLV alternatives"]. Nasaspaceflight.com (October 21, 2009). Retrieved June 7, 2012.</ref> Like the Space Shuttle, the Ares vehicle was to use a pair of solid-fuel first-stage rocket boosters that burn simultaneously with the liquid-fueled core stage. The solid rocket booster on Ares V was first envisioned as an improved version of the [[Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster]], but with five or five and a half segments instead of the four segments used with the Space Shuttle.<ref name="AresV_overview"/><ref name="Study">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/06/study-reveals-a-six-rs-68-and-55-segment-booster-for-ares-v/ |title=Study reveals a six RS-68 and 5.5 segment booster for Ares V |publisher=NASAspaceflight.com |date=June 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="bigger_Ares_V">[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=space&id=news/required022708.xml "NASA Needs A Bigger Ares V"]. Aviation Week & Space Technology, February 27, 2008.</ref> The liquid-fueled core stage was to be derived from the [[Space Shuttle external tank]] and was to use either five or six [[RS-68]]B engines attached to the bottom of a new 10 m tank, or five [[SSME]]s attached to the bottom of a stretched version of the Space Shuttle's 8.4 m external tank. It was to be fueled by liquid oxygen ([[LOX]]) and liquid hydrogen ([[LH2]]).<ref name="Review">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/12/ssme-ares-v-undergoes-evaluation-potential-switch/ |title=Return to SSME – Ares V undergoes evaluation into potential switch |publisher=NASAspaceflight.com |date=June 15, 2008}}</ref> [[File:Rocket size comparison.png|thumb|left|upright=1.4|Comparison of [[Saturn V]], [[Space Shuttle]], [[Ares I]], Ares IV and Ares V ]] The upper stage, derived from the [[S-IVB]] upper stage used on the [[Saturn IB]] and [[Saturn V]] rockets, was named the Earth Departure Stage (EDS). The EDS would be powered by an Apollo-derived [[J-2 (rocket engine)|J-2X]] rocket engine, which was also to be used on the liquid-fueled upper stage of the [[Ares I]] booster. The EDS was to be used to steer the [[Altair (spacecraft)|Altair]] lunar lander into its initial low-Earth "parking" orbit for later retrieval by the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion]] spacecraft, and then would propel both the Altair and Orion to the Moon.<ref name="AresV_overview"/> The EDS could also have been used to haul large payloads into low-Earth orbit, along with placing large unmanned spacecraft onto trajectories beyond the Earth-Moon system. The Ares V was designed to have a payload capacity of over 414,000&nbsp;lb (188 [[metric ton]]s) to [[Low Earth orbit]] (LEO), and 157,000&nbsp;lb (71 metric tons) to the Moon.<ref name="AresV_overview">[http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/ares/aresV/index.html Overview: Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle]. NASA. Retrieved September 30, 2008.</ref> Upon completion the Ares V would be the most powerful rocket ever built, lifting more into orbit than even the American Saturn V, the failed [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[N-1 (rocket)|N-1]] for the canceled [[Soviet Moonshot]], and the successful Soviet/Russian [[Energia]] booster developed for the [[Buran (spacecraft)|Buran]] Shuttle.<ref>Creech, Steve and Phil Sumrall. [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080036820_2008036005.pdf "Ares V: Refining a New Heavy Lift Capability"]. NASA.</ref> Besides its lunar role,<ref name="AresV_overview"/> it could also support a manned Orion expedition to a [[Orion Asteroid Mission|Near-Earth asteroid]], and could boost an 8 to 16-meter successor of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] to the [[Sun]]-Earth {{L2}} point. == Derivatives == === Ares IV === The Ares IV concept combines an Ares I upper stage on top of an Ares V.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Brian |last=Berger |url=http://space.com/news/070126_ares_moon.html |title=NASA Studies Early Moon Shot for New Space Capsule |date= January 26, 2007 |work=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=February 11, 2008}}</ref> Specifically, the vehicle would consist of the liquid-fueled core stage from the Ares V design, two five-segment [[solid rocket booster]]s, and the liquid-fueled upper stage from the Ares I, as described by NASA in January 2007. The Ares IV would be a combined {{convert|367|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} tall and could be used to reach the Moon. Total payload capacity would be {{convert|90420|lb|kg|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} to {{convert|240|mi|km|sigfig=2}} for direct trans-lunar injection.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/01/02/211318/nasa-quietly-sets-up-budget-for-ares-iv-lunar-crew-launch-vehicle-with-2017-test-flight.html |title= NASA quietly sets up budget for Ares IV lunar crew launch vehicle with 2017 test flight target |date=January 2, 2007 |author=Rob Coppinger |work=[[Flight International]]}}</ref> NASA had considered using Ares IV to evaluate high-speed "skip" reentry profiles of the Orion capsule in 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Brian |last=Berger |url=http://space.com/news/070126_ares_moon.html |title=NASA Studies Early Moon Shot for New Space Capsule |publisher=Space.com |date= January 26, 2007 |accessdate= January 26, 2007}}</ref> NASA had planned flight demonstrations of Ares I and Ares V hardware in "Heavy Lift" configurations beginning in 2013. The "Heavy Lift" test flights were to test the first stage of the Ares V simultaneously with the Ares I upper stage attached on top to save both time and money. The later Heavy Lift test vehicle configurations are similar to the Ares IV vehicle.<ref>Bergin, Chris. [http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2010/05/ambitious-ares-test-flight-plan-hlv-demonstrations/ "Ambitious Ares test flight plan proposed for HLV demonstrations"]. Nasaspaceflight.com, May 10, 2010.</ref> === Ares V Lite === Ares V Lite was an alternative launch vehicle for NASA's Constellation program suggested by the [[Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee|Augustine Commission]]. Ares V Lite was a scaled down Ares V.<ref>Coppinger, Rob. [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/08/11/330800/will-constellation-live-on.html "Will Constellation live on?"]. Flight International, August 11, 2009.</ref><ref>Madrigal, Alexis. [https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/10/augustine-final-report/ "Human Spaceflight Ball in Obama’s Court"]. Wired, October 22, 2009.</ref> It would have used five [[RS-68]] engines and two five-segment SRBs and have had a low Earth orbit payload of approximately 140 metric tons (309,000&nbsp;lb).<ref name=HSF_review_Lite/> If chosen, Ares V Lite would have replaced the Ares V and [[Ares I]] launchers. One Ares V Lite version would have been a cargo lifter like Ares V and the second version would have carried astronauts in the Orion spacecraft.<ref name=HSF_review_Lite>Augustine Committee 2009, pp. 38, 64–67, 80.</ref> ==In fiction== In the 2013 film ''[[Star Trek Into Darkness]]'', a desktop model of the Ares V rocket was set decoration in the office of Admiral Alexander Marcus as part of his spaceflight collection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qmxonline.com/news/stid-history-of-starflight-models/ |title= (title needed) |accessdate=2013-12-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232306/http://www.qmxonline.com/news/stid-history-of-starflight-models/ |archivedate=December 30, 2013 |df=mdy}}</ref> == See also == * [[Comparison of orbital launch systems]] * [[Space Launch System]] successor to Ares, similar in design. * [[DIRECT]] launch vehicle * [[Shuttle-Derived Launch Vehicle]] * [[Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle]] * [[Magnum (rocket)]] the NASA Boeing rocket design concept for a return to the moon, studied between 1996 and 2004, with an RS-68 engine core and liquid fly back rocket boosters. == References == {{Include-NASA}} {{reflist|2}} * Augustine Committee. [http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/396093main_HSF_Cmte_FinalReport.pdf "Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee, Final Report"]. NASA, October 2009. == External links == * [https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/187392main_377019AresV.pdf NASA Ares V Cargo Launch Vehicle] * [https://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/handle/2014/40251/06-2976.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Can we power future Mars missions?] {{Project Constellation}} {{US launch systems}} {{NASA navbox}} {{Reusable launch systems}} [[Category:Partially reusable space launch vehicles]] [[Category:Ares (rocket family)]] [[Category:Shuttle-derived space launch vehicles]]'