Examine individual changes

[ 0 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2011}}', 1 => '{{Use British English|date=September 2011}}', 2 => '[[File:Barnardo boy ploughing C 1900.gif|thumb|right|Boy ploughing at Dr. Barnardo's Industrial Farm, Russell, [[Manitoba]], 1900. In 2010, the photo was reproduced on a Canadian postage stamp commemorating Home Children emigration.]]', 3 => ''''Home Children''' was the [[child migration]] scheme founded by [[Annie MacPherson]] in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa.', 4 => false, 5 => 'Australia apologised for its involvement in the scheme; in February 2010 [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|UK Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]] made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. On 16 November 2009, Canadian Immigration Minister [[Jason Kenney]] stated that Canada would not apologise to child migrants.<ref name="thestar" />', 6 => false, 7 => '== History ==', 8 => 'The practice of sending poor or orphaned children to English and later British [[settler colony|settler colonies]], to help alleviate the shortage of labour, began in 1618, with the rounding-up and transportation of one hundred English vagrant children to the [[Virginia Colony]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldonian.org/barnardo/child_migrationl.htm|title=A child migration timeline|work=The Goldonian|publisher=Goldonian Web|accessdate=2009-04-07}}</ref> In the 18th century labour shortages in the overseas colonies also encouraged the transportation of children for work in the Americas, and large numbers of children were forced to migrate, most of them from Scotland. This practice continued until it was exposed in 1757, following a civil action against [[Aberdeen]] merchants and magistrates for their involvement in the trade.<ref name="Liverpool museum">{{cite web|url=http://www.diduknow.info/emigrants/media/child_emigration.rtf|title=Child Emigration|last=Anon|work=Maritime Archives and Library|publisher=National Museums Liverpool|accessdate=25 April 2010|location=Liverpool UK}}</ref>', 9 => false, 10 => 'The [[Children's Friend Society]] was founded in London in 1830 as "The Society for the Suppression of Juvenile Vagrancy through the reformation and emigration of children". In 1832 the first group of children was sent to the [[Cape Colony]] in South Africa and the [[Swan River Colony]] in Australia, and in August 1833, 230 children were shipped to [[Toronto]] and [[New Brunswick, Canada]].<ref name="Liverpool museum" />', 11 => false, 12 => 'The main pioneers of child migration in the nineteenth century were the Scottish [[Evangelical Christian]] [[Annie MacPherson]], her sister Louisa Birt, and Londoner [[Maria Rye]]. Whilst working with poor children in London in the late 1860s, MacPherson was appalled by the child [[slavery]] of the matchbox industry and resolved to devote her life to these children. In 1870 she bought a large workshop and turned it into the "Home of Industry", where poor children could work and be fed and educated.<ref name="British home children">{{cite web|url=http://www.britishhomechildren.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190:annie-macpherson&catid=27:sending-agency-founders&Itemid=2|title=Annie Macpherson was a philanthropist who is accepted as the pioneer of child emigration to Canada. |work=British Home Children Descendants website|publisher=British Home Children Descendants|accessdate=24 April 2010|location=Canada}}</ref> She later became convinced that the real solution for these children lay in emigration to a country of opportunity and started an emigration fund. In the first year of the fund's operation, 500 children, trained in the London homes, were shipped to Canada.<ref name="British home children" /> MacPherson opened distribution homes in Canada in the towns of [[Belleville, Ontario|Belleville]] and [[Galt, Ontario|Galt]] in [[Ontario]] and persuaded her sister, Louisa, to open a third home in the village of [[Brome Lake, Quebec|Knowlton]], seventy miles from [[Montreal]]. This was the beginning of a massive operation which sought to find homes and careers for 14,000 of Britain's needy children.<ref name="British home children" />', 13 => '{{Quote box |width=20em |quoted=true |bgcolor=#FFFFF0 |salign=center |quote=CHILD EMIGRATION TO CANADA', 14 => 'The attention of the Dominion Government has been drawn to the fact that the children sent to Canada from England are street waifs and workhouse paupers, and that the professional philanthropists engaged in the work are largely prompted by mercenary and not charitable motives. A demand will be made that parliament should investigate the matter before voting any money to promote this kind of immigration.|source=The Star, 18 April 1891<ref>{{cite news|title=Child emigration to Canada|last=Anon|date=18 April 1891|work=The Star|accessdate=26 April 2010|location=[[St Peter Port]], England}}</ref>}}', 15 => false, 16 => 'Maria Rye also worked amongst the poor in London and had arrived in Ontario with 68 children (50 of whom were from [[Liverpool]]) some months earlier than MacPherson, with the blessing of the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] and ''[[The Times]]'' newspaper.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 33">{{Harvnb|Bagnell|2001|p=33}}</ref> Rye, who had been placing women emigrants in Canada since 1867, opened her home at [[Niagara-on-the-Lake]] in 1869, and by the turn of the century had settled some 5,000 children, mostly girls, in Ontario.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 33" />', 17 => false, 18 => 'The emigration schemes were not without their critics, and there were many rumours of ill-treatment of the children by their employers and of profiteering by the organisers of the schemes, particularly Maria Rye.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 36">{{Harvnb|Bagnell|2001|p=36}}</ref> In 1874 The London Board of Governors decided to send a representative, named Andrew Doyle, to Canada to visit the homes and the children to see how they were faring.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 36" /> Doyle's report praised the women and their staff, especially MacPherson, saying that they were inspired by the highest motives, but condemned almost everything else about the enterprise.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 41">{{Harvnb|Bagnell|2001|p=41}}</ref> He said that the attitude of the women in grouping together children from the workhouses, who he said were mostly of good reputation, with street children, whom he considered mostly thieves, was naive and had caused nothing but trouble in Canada.<ref name="Bagnell 2001 41" /> He was also critical of the checks made on the children after they were placed with settlers, which in Rye's case were mostly non-existent, and said that:', 19 => false, 20 => '<blockquote>', 21 => 'Because of Miss Rye's carelessness and Miss MacPherson's limited resources, thousands of British children, already in painful circumstances, were cast adrift to be overworked or mistreated by the settlers of early Canada who were generally honest but often hard taskmasters.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bagnell|2001|p=44}}</ref>', 22 => '</blockquote>', 23 => false, 24 => 'The [[Canadian House of Commons]] subsequently set up a select committee to examine Doyle's findings and there was much controversy generated by his report in Britain, but the schemes continued with some changes<ref>{{Harvnb|Bagnell|2001|p=50}}</ref> and were copied in other countries of the British Empire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishhomechildren.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190:annie-macpherson&catid=27:sending-agency-founders&Itemid=2|title=Annie MacPherson was a philanthropist who is accepted as the pioneer of child emigration to Canada. |work=British Home Children Descendants website|publisher=British Home Children Descendants|accessdate=24 April 2010|location=Canada}}</ref>', 25 => false, 26 => 'In 1909, South African-born [[Kingsley Fairbridge]] founded the "Society for the Furtherance of Child Emigration to the Colonies" which was later incorporated as the Child Emigration Society. The purpose of the society, which later became the Fairbridge Foundation, was to educate orphaned and neglected children and train them in farming practices at farm schools located throughout the [[British Empire]]. Fairbridge emigrated to Australia in 1912, where his ideas received support and encouragement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://histclo.com/Insti/Orp/eng/eot-fair.html|title=English Orphan Transports: Fairbridge Foundation|last=Anon|date=22 November 2003|work=Historical Boys Clothing|accessdate=24 April 2010}}</ref> According to the [[British House of Commons]] Child Migrant's Trust Report, "it is estimated that some 150,000 children were dispatched over a period of 350 years—the earliest recorded child migrants left Britain for the Virginia Colony in 1618, and the process did not finally end until the late 1960s." It was widely believed by contemporaries that all of these children were orphans, but it is now known that most had living parents, some of whom had no idea of the fate of their children after they were left in care homes, and some led to believe that their children had been adopted somewhere in Britain.<ref name="migrants_ordeal">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8360150.stm |title=Ordeal of Australia's child migrants |publisher=BBC News |date=15 November 2009 |accessdate=15 November 2009}}</ref>', 27 => false, 28 => 'Child emigration was largely suspended for economic reasons during the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s, but was not completely terminated until the 1970s.<ref name="migrants_ordeal" /><ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/8488113.stm | work=BBC News | title=Boys moved after migration stop | date=1 February 2010}}</ref>', 29 => false, 30 => 'In 2014–2015 the [[Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry]] considered cases of children forcibly sent to Australia. They found that about 130 young children in the care of voluntary or state institutions were sent to Australia in what was described as the Child Migrant Programme in the period covered by the Inquiry, from 1922 to 1995, but mostly shortly after the Second World War.', 31 => '<ref>[http://www.hiainquiry.org/index/module_2_child_migrant_programme-2.htm Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, Module 2 – Child Migrant Programme]</ref>', 32 => false, 33 => 'As they were compulsorily shipped out of Britain, many of the children were deceived into believing their parents were dead, and that a more abundant life awaited them.<ref name="uk_apology">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8361025.stm |title=UK child migrants apology planned |publisher=BBC News |date=15 November 2009 |accessdate=15 November 2009}}</ref> Some were exploited as cheap agricultural labour, or denied proper shelter and education and it was common for Home Children to run away, sometimes finding a caring family or better working conditions<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pier21.ca/wp-content/uploads/files/First_75_Years/research_home_children.pdf|title=The Home Children|last=Stewart|first=Patrick|date=|website=pier21.ca|publisher=Canadian Museum of Immigration at Pier 21|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=January 24, 2017}}</ref>', 34 => false, 35 => '== Exposure and apologies ==', 36 => false, 37 => 'In 1987 British social worker [[Margaret Humphreys]] carried out an investigation leading to the exposure of the child migration scheme and the establishment of the Child Migrants Trust, with the aim of reuniting parents and children. Full details of the scheme only emerged as late as 1998 during a parliamentary inquiry in Britain, which found that many migrant children were subjected to systematic abuse in religious schools in Australia, New Zealand and other countries.<ref name="aus_church_apology">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1236641.stm |title=Australian church apologies to child migrants |publisher=BBC News |date=22 March 2001 |accessdate=15 November 2009}}</ref>', 38 => false, 39 => 'In 1994 Humphreys published a book concerning her research entitled ''Empty Cradles''.', 40 => 'In 2010, this book detailing Humphreys' work, political obstacles, and threats on her life along with the crimes and abuse done to thousands of children by government and religious officials was depicted in the film ''[[Oranges and Sunshine]]''.', 41 => false, 42 => '=== Australia ===', 43 => false, 44 => 'In Australia,"Child Migrant" children are part of a larger group known as the [[Forgotten Australians]] – a term the Australian Senate has used to describe the estimated 500,000 children who were brought up in orphanages, children's homes, institutions or foster care in Australia up until the early 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&sid=490236|title=Adoption & Forgotten Australians|last=Anon|work=Research Guides|publisher=State Library of Victoria|accessdate=8 May 2010}}</ref> "Child Migrants" refers specifically to the 7000 children who migrated to Australia under assisted child migration schemes. Child migrants were adopted or brought up in children's homes, institutions, orphanages or foster care. Many of these children experienced neglect and abuse while in institutional care.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&sid=582660|title=Adoption & Forgotten Australians – Child migrants|last=Anon|work=Research Guides|publisher=State Library of Victoria|accessdate=8 May 2010}}</ref>', 45 => false, 46 => 'At the urging of the "Care Leavers Australia Network", in August 2001, the Senate Community Affairs References Committee published "Lost Innocents: Righting the Record – Report on child migration," and followed this in August 2004 with the "Forgotten Australians" report. Both reports concluded with a number of recommendations, one of which was a call for a national apology. [[Prime Minister of Australia]], [[Kevin Rudd]] apologised on behalf of the government of Australia on 16 November 2009.<ref>Rodgers, Emma: [http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/11/16/2743742.htm Australia says sorry for 'great evil'], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], 16 November 2009.</ref> As of 2009, there were an estimated 7,000 "Child Migrants" currently residing in Australia. The Australian government had contacted about 400 British child migrants for advice on how the apology should be delivered. Australia's Roman Catholic Church had publicly apologised in 2001 to British and Maltese child migrants who suffered abuse including rape, whippings and slave labour in religious institutions.<ref name="aus_church_apology" /> A £1&nbsp;million travel fund was set up by the British Government for former child migrants to visit their families in the UK. The Australian Government later supplemented this fund.', 47 => false, 48 => '=== Canada ===', 49 => '[[File:Home Children house and plaque, Stratford, Ontario.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A federal plaque marks Home Children immigration, a National Historic Event, near a house involved in the program, in Stratford, Ontario]] The federal government designated the "Immigration of Home Children" a [[Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)|National Historic Event]], in 1999. A plaque from the national [[National Historic Sites of Canada#Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada|Historic Sites and Monuments Board]] commemorating the event stands in [[Stratford, Ontario]]. The [[Ontario Heritage Trust]] erected a provincial historical plaque to the Home Children the year before, in Ottawa. ', 50 => false, 51 => 'After the apology by the Australian government, in 2009 the Canadian Immigration Minister, [[Jason Kenney]], said that there was no need for Canada to apologize:', 52 => false, 53 => '{{quote| The issue has not been on the radar screen here, unlike Australia where there's been a long-standing interest. The reality is that, here in Canada, we are taking measures to recognise that sad period, but there is, I think, limited public interest in official government apologies for everything that's ever been unfortunate or [a] tragic event in our history.<ref name="thestar">{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2009/11/16/canadians_not_interested_in_home_children_apology_minister.html|title=Canadians not interested in 'home children' apology: Minister|last=Anon|date=16 November 2009|work=TheStar.com|publisher=Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd|accessdate=22 October 2013}}</ref>}}', 54 => false, 55 => 'The federal government proclaimed 2010 the "Year of the British Home Child"<ref name="Canada Post 2010 p. 18">Canada Post, ''Details/en détail'', vol. 19, no. 3 (July to September 2010), p. 18.</ref> and on September 1, 2010, [[Canada Post stamp releases (2010–2014)|Canada Post]] released a commemorative stamp to honour those who were sent to Canada.<ref name="Canada Post 2010 p. 18" /> In the province of [[Ontario]], the British Home Child Day Act, 2011, makes September 28 each year 'British Home Child Day' to "...recognize and honour the contributions of the British home children who established roots in Ontario".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_11b14_e.htm|title=British Home Child Day Act, 2011}} E-laws, ''British Home Child Day Act, 2011'', S.O. 2011, c. 14.</ref>', 56 => false, 57 => '=== United Kingdom ===', 58 => '[[File:Gordon Brown Child Migrant Apology 24 February 2010.webm|thumb|thumbtime=2:48|Apology issued by Prime Minister Gordon Brown on Wednesday, 23 February 2010]]', 59 => 'On Wednesday, 23 February 2010, [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], [[Gordon Brown]] issued an official apology for the "shameful" child resettlement programme, he announced a £6&nbsp;million fund designed to compensate the families affected by the "misguided" programme.<ref name="Brown">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/24/british-children-sent-overseas-policy|title=Brown apologises for Britain's 'shameful' child migrant policy|last=Bowcott|first=Owen|date=24 February 2010|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media Ltd|accessdate=26 February 2010|location=London}}</ref>', 60 => false, 61 => '==Media ==', 62 => '* [[The Leaving of Liverpool (miniseries)|The Leaving of Liverpool]]: 1992 television miniseries', 63 => '* [[Oranges and Sunshine]]: 2010 drama film', 64 => false, 65 => '== See also ==', 66 => '{{columns-list|2|', 67 => '* [[Abuse]]', 68 => '* [[Child abuse]]', 69 => '* [[Child sexual abuse]]', 70 => '* [[Children's Friend Society]]', 71 => '* [[George Crennan]], Director of the Federal Catholic Immigration Office in Australia from 1949 until 1995', 72 => '* [[Institutional abuse]]', 73 => '* [[Orphan train]]', 74 => '* [[Oranges and Sunshine]]', 75 => '* [[Religious abuse]]', 76 => '* [[Stolen Generations]]', 77 => '* [[The Children of Creuse]], a similar case involving the French departments of [[La Réunion]] and [[Creuse]]}}', 78 => false, 79 => '== References ==', 80 => ''''Notes'''', 81 => '{{Reflist|colwidth=33em}}', 82 => false, 83 => ''''Bibliography'''', 84 => '{{refbegin}}', 85 => '* {{cite book |last=Bagnell |first=Kenneth |title=The little immigrants: the orphans who came to Canada |publisher=[[Dundurn Group]] |year=2001 |isbn=1-55002-370-5 |ref=harv}}', 86 => '{{refend}}', 87 => false, 88 => '== Further reading ==', 89 => '* Oschefski, Lori "Bleating of the Lambs - Canada's British Home Children" 2015 Rose Printing {{ISBN|978-0-9947828-0-9}}', 90 => '* Boucher, Ellen. ''Empire's Children: Child Emigration, Welfare, and the Decline of the British World, 1869-1967'' (2016) {{ISBN|1316620301}}.', 91 => '* Coldrey, Barry. "'A charity which has outlived its usefulness': the last phase of Catholic child migration, 1947–56." ''History of Education'' 25.4 (1996): 373-386. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0046760960250406', 92 => '* Doyle-Wood, Stan [2011]. A Trace of Genocide: https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/31737/1/Doyle-Wood_Stanley_S_201109_PhD_thesis.pdf ', 93 => '* {{cite book |last=Hickson |first=Flo |title=Flo, child migrant from Liverpool |publisher=Plowright Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-9516960-3-3}}', 94 => '* {{cite book |last=Joyce |first=Sandra |title=Trees and Rocks, Rocks and Trees – the Story of a British Home Boy |publisher=Welldone Publishing |year=2015 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |isbn=978-0-9877640-4-1}}', 95 => '* {{cite book |last=Joyce |first=Sandra |title=The Street Arab – The Story of a British Home Child |publisher=Welldone Publishing |year=2011 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |isbn=978-0-9877640-0-3}}', 96 => '* {{cite book |last=Joyce |first=Sandra |title=Belonging |publisher=Welldone Publishing |year=2014 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |isbn=978-0-9877640-2-7}}', 97 => '* {{Cite book | last1 = Parker | first1 = R. A. (Roy Alfred) | title = Uprooted : the shipment of poor children to Canada, 1867-191 | date = 2010 | publisher = Policy Press | location = Bristol, UK ; Portland, OR | isbn = 1-84742-668-9 }}', 98 => '* Sherington, Geoffrey. "Contrasting narratives in the history of twentieth-century British child migration to Australia: An interpretive essay." ''History Australia'' 9.2 (2012): 27-47.', 99 => '* Swain, Shurlee and Margot Hillel, eds. ''Child, Nation, Race and Empire: Child Rescue Discourse, England, Canada and Australia, 1850–1915'' (2010). [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086534.2014.934014?journalCode=fich20 review]', 100 => false, 101 => '== External links ==', 102 => '* [http://www.britishhomechildren.com/ British Home Children Advocacy & Research Association]', 103 => '* [http://britishhomechild.com/ British Home Child Group International]', 104 => '* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~britishhomechildren/ British Child Emigration Scheme to Canada]', 105 => '* [http://www.britishhomechildren.org/ British Home Children Descendants] Site dedicated to the one million British Home Children Descendants', 106 => '* [http://www.heritagefdn.on.ca/userfiles/page_attachments/Library/1/1730820_Home_Children_ENG.pdf Ontario Heritage Foundation] plaque and background information', 107 => '* [http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020110_e.html Home Children (1869–1930) Search Database], [[Library and Archives Canada]].', 108 => '* [http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/adoption Adoption & Forgotten Australians]', 109 => '* [http://content.iriss.org.uk/goldenbridge The Golden Bridge], an online exhibition created by the [[IRISS|Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services]] that tells the story of child migration to Canada from Scotland.', 110 => '* [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmselect/cmhealth/755/75502.htm British Parliament Health Committee Report, July 1998]', 111 => '* [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmselect/cmhealth/755/8052004.htm Child Migration – Legislative Provisions] [[British Parliament]]ary Report Appendix', 112 => '* [http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/inside_life_in_childrens_homes_and_institutions/home ''Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions'', National Museum of Australia]', 113 => '* [http://www.nma.gov.au/blogs/inside/ ''Inside: Life Inside Children's Homes and Institutions'' exhibition blog, National Museum of Australia]', 114 => '* [http://forgottenaustralianshistory.gov.au/index.html Forgotten Australians: Our history – Australian Government website which includes oral histories, resources and photographs]', 115 => '* [http://child-migrants-to-australia.beep.com/index.htm List of Child Migrant sent to Australia – History]', 116 => false, 117 => '=== Films ===', 118 => '* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093168/ ''Heaven on Earth'' (1987)] Canadian film (based on a true story) regarding 125,000 Welsh Home Children shipped to Canada', 119 => '* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103471/ ''The Leaving of Liverpool'' (1992)] Australian film regarding UK children shipped to Australia following World War 2', 120 => '* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1438216/ ''Oranges and Sunshine'' (2010)] British-Australian co-production based on [[Margaret Humphreys]]' story.', 121 => false, 122 => '{{Adopt}}', 123 => false, 124 => '[[Category:Adoption history]]', 125 => '[[Category:Forced migration]]', 126 => '[[Category:History of immigration to Canada]]', 127 => '[[Category:Immigration to Australia]]', 128 => '[[Category:Immigration to New Zealand]]', 129 => '[[Category:Immigration to South Africa]]', 130 => '[[Category:19th century in the British Empire]]', 131 => '[[Category:History of the British Empire]]', 132 => '[[Category:Social history of England]]', 133 => '[[Category:Social history of Scotland]]', 134 => '[[Category:Children's rights in England]]', 135 => '[[Category:Children's rights in Scotland]]', 136 => '[[Category:Scottish people of the British Empire]]', 137 => '[[Category:19th century in Canada]]', 138 => '[[Category:19th century in Australia]]', 139 => '[[Category:19th century in New Zealand]]', 140 => '[[Category:19th century in South Africa]]', 141 => '[[Category:20th century in Canada]]', 142 => '[[Category:Institutional abuse]]', 143 => '[[Category:British emigrants to Australia| ]]', 144 => '[[Category:British emigrants to Canada| ]]', 145 => '[[Category:British emigrants to New Zealand| ]]', 146 => '[[Category:British emigrants to South Africa| ]]', 147 => '[[Category:International child abduction]]', 148 => '[[Category:1869 in the British Empire]]', 149 => '[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]' ]