Examine individual changes

'{{about|the political definition of "metropolis"}} [[Image: hgghgykk. J hgghgykk b. Dice chug tjridiejrhrhdhdhfurututjgjfjrs of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg|thumb|300px|Skyline of [[Tokyo]], the world's most populous metropolis, with [[Mount Fuji]] in the background]] [[File:Pano Manhattan2007 amk.jpg|thumb|300px|[[New York City]] has garnered the [[List of nicknames of New York City|nickname]] ''Metropolis'' to describe the city in the daytime in [[popular culture]], contrasting with ''[[Gotham City|Gotham]]'', sometimes used to describe New York City at night.<ref name=NYCDailyNewsNicknames>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/gotham-metropolis-nyc-best-nicknames-article-1.2556511|title=From Gotham to Metropolis: A look at NYC’s best nicknames|author=Keri Blakinger|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=March 8, 2016|accessdate=August 6, 2017}}</ref>]] A '''metropolis''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ᵻ|ˈ|t|r|ɒ|p|ə|l|ɪ|s|,_|-|p|l|ɪ|s}})<ref name="oxforddictionarymetropolis">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/metropolis?q=Metropolis| title=Definition of Metropolis | publisher=Oxford Dictionaries | accessdate=2 March 2016}}</ref> is a large [[city]] or [[conurbation]] which is a significant [[economic]], [[political]], and [[cultural]] center for a [[country]] or [[region]], and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. The term is Greek ({{lang-el|μητρόπολη}}) and means the "mother city" of a [[Colonies in antiquity|colony]] (in the ancient sense), that is, the city which sent out settlers. This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation. A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it. The plural of the word is ''metropolises'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/metropolis |title=Definition of metropolis |publisher=Collins English Dictionary |date= |accessdate=2012-10-23}}</ref> although the Latin plural is "metropoles", from the Greek "metropoleis" ({{lang-el|μητρoπόλεις}}).<!--no modern dictionaries I've seen, including OED, mention an English plural in -poles--> For urban centers outside metropolitan areas that generate a similar attraction at smaller scale for their region, the concept of the [[regiopolis]] ("regio" for short) was introduced by German academics in 2006.<ref>Prof. Dr. Iris Reuther (FG Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Universität Kassel): Presentation "Regiopole Rostock". 11 December 2008, retrieved 13 June 2009 (pdf).</ref> == History ==<!-- [[Cumae]] links here; if changing the name of the section please also alter the link in that article. --> [[File:Lightmatter colosseum.jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Colosseum]] at night]] In the ancient world, a ''metropolis'' was the city or state of origin of a [[colony]]. == Etymology and modern usage == Metropolis is a [[Greek language|Greek]] word, coming from μήτηρ, ''mḗtēr'' meaning "mother" and πόλις, ''pólis'' meaning "city" or "town", which is how the [[Greek colonies]] of antiquity referred to their original [[cities]], with whom they retained cultic and political-cultural connections. The word was used in post-classical Latin for the chief city of a province, the seat of the government and, in particular, ecclesiastically for the seat or see of a [[metropolitan bishop]] to whom [[suffragan bishop]]s were responsible. This usage equates the province with the [[diocese]] or [[episcopal see]]. In modern usage the word has come to refer to a [[metropolitan area]], a set of adjacent and interconnected cities clustered around a major urban center. In this sense, ''metropolitan'' usually means "spanning the whole metropolis" (as in "metropolitan administration") or "proper of a metropolis" (as in "metropolitan life", and opposed to "[[Province|provincial]]" or "rural"). == Global city == The concept of a [[global city]] (or world city) is of a city that has a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socioeconomic means. The term has become increasingly familiar, because of the rise of [[globalization]] (i.e., [[global finance]], [[communication]]s, and [[travel]]). An attempt to define and categorize world cities by financial criteria was made by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] (GaWC), based primarily at [[Loughborough University]] in England. The study ranked cities based on their provision of "advanced producer services" such as [[accountancy]], [[advertising]], [[finance]] and [[law]]. The inventory identifies three levels of world cities and several sub-ranks (see [[Global city#GaWC study|GaWC study]]). A metropolis is not necessarily a global city—or, being one, it might not be among the top-ranking—due to its standards of living, development, and infrastructure. A metropolis that is also a global city is a global metropolis. == Africa == [[File:Nile-Cairo.jpg|thumb|200px|Cairo Skyline]] === Egypt === [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]] are considered Egypt's biggest metropolis. === Nigeria === [[Lagos]] is the most populous metropolis in Nigeria as well as in Africa. === South Africa === In South Africa, a [[Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)|metropolitan municipality]] or "Category A municipality" is a municipality which executes all the functions of local government for a conurbation. This is by contrast to areas which are primarily rural, where the local government is divided into [[district municipality (South Africa)|district municipalities]] (comparable to a "county" in the US) and [[local municipality (South Africa)|local municipalities]]. There are eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. [[File:Casablanca Metropolis.jpg|thumb|Casablanca city Metropolis]] === Morocco === In the [[Kingdom of Morocco]] there are five metropolitan areas:[[Casablanca]], [[Rabat]], [[Tangier]], [[Fes]] and [[Marrakech]] are considered Morocco's biggest metropolis. Of these, [[Casablanca]] is the largest. == Asia == === Bangladesh === In the People's Republic of [[Bangladesh]], there are eleven metropolitan areas: [[Dhaka|Dhaka North]], [[Dhaka|Dhaka South]], [[Gazipur]] [[Chittagong]], [[Rajshahi]], [[Khulna]], [[Sylhet]], [[Barisal]] and [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]]. Lands are highly priced and residents are considered to have a better urban lifestyle. Special police departments are allotted for the metropolitan cities, and there are city corporations for which mayors are elected for five-year regimes. Most of these cities have population density of 35,000/square mile or more. Dhaka is considered a [[mega city]] because its population surpasses 10 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21393869~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223547,00.html#example |title=South Asia - World Population Day - July 11(South Asia Urban Growth) |publisher=Web.worldbank.org |date= |accessdate=2012-10-29}}</ref> === India === [[File:Mumbai night water.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Mumbai]] is India's largest city]] In India, there are [[List of million-plus cities in India|46 metropolitan cities]]. As of [[Census India|2011 census]], the [[List of most populous cities in India|top-ten metropolitan cities]] based on their population are [[Mumbai]], [[Delhi]],[[Kolkata]],[[Chennai]],[[Bangalore]],[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]], [[Ahmedabad]],[[Pune]],[[Surat]] and [[Jaipur]]. The Census Commission defines the qualification for metropolitan city as, "the cities having a population of more than 10 lakhs (one million) and above" and Megacity as, "the cities having a population of more than 40 lakhs (four million) and above".<ref>{{cite web|title=Population of UAs/Towns|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf|publisher=he Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|accessdate=28 July 2014|page=3|format=pdf}}</ref> === Indonesia === [[File:WsaragihJakarta.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jakarta]], the largest and busiest city in Indonesia]] In Indonesia, the metropolitan cities are in [[Jabodetabek]] ([[Jakarta]], [[Bogor]], [[Depok]], [[Tangerang]], [[Bekasi]]), the biggest metropolitan area in [[Southeast Asia]] and the fifth metropolitan area in the world (2007). The other cities are [[Surabaya]], [[Bandung]], [[Semarang]] and [[Medan]]. ===Iran=== In Iran, the metropolitan cities are in [[Tehran]] and [[Mashhad]] and other cities such as [[Shiraz]], [[Karaj]], [[Isfahan]], [[Tabriz]], [[Ahvaz]] and [[Qom]]. === Israel === In Israel there are four main metropolitan areas: [[Tel Aviv]], [[Jerusalem]], [[Haifa]], [[Beer Sheva]]. "Israel Central Bureau of Statistics" has defined the boundaries of metropolitan areas of Tel Aviv, Haifa and Beer Sheva, and divided the metropolitan area concentric rings that define the intensity of the main city links. === Japan === The Japanese legal term ''to'' (都) is by designation to be translated as "metropolis".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jlgc.org/en/pdf/localg2006.PDF |title=Local Government in Japan |accessdate=2007-10-16 |publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations |format=PDF |pages=41 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025030339/http://www.jlgc.org/en/pdf/localg2006.PDF |archivedate=2007-10-25 |df= }}</ref> however existing translations predate the designation. Structured like a [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]] instead of a normal city, there is only one ''to'' in Japan, namely [[Tokyo]]. {{As of|2008}}, Japan has [[List of Japanese cities by population|11 other cities]] with populations greater than one million. The same [[Kanji]] character in Chinese, or in generic Japanese (traditional or non-specific), translates variously—city, municipality, special municipality—all qualify. === Lebanon === [[Beirut]], [[Sidon]], and [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] are three of the main metropolitan areas along the Lebanese coast. Most of Lebanon's metropolitan areas and biggest cities are situated along the coast. === Pakistan === [[File:Karachi_sky_line.jpg|[[Karachi]] is [[Pakistan]]'s largest city with about 24 million population according to 2011 estimate|thumb|200px]] In [[Pakistan]], the major metropolitan cities are [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]], [[Faislabad]], [[Multan]], the twin cities of capital [[Islamabad]] and [[Rawalpindi]]. === Philippines === [[File:Ortigas Tonight.jpg|thumb|200px|Metro Manila, the most populous metropolitan area in the [[Philippines]]]] Metropolitan Manila, or simply [[Metro Manila]], is the metropolitan region encompassing the city of [[Manila]] and its surrounding areas in the [[Philippines]]. It is composed of 17 cities namely [[Manila]], [[Caloocan]], [[Las Piñas]], [[Makati]], [[Malabon]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Marikina]], [[Muntinlupa]], [[Navotas]], [[Pasay]], [[Pasig]], [[Parañaque]], [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Taguig]], [[Valenzuela, Philippines|Valenzuela]] and [[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]]. The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the city of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District. === Singapore === The [[Singapore|Republic of Singapore]] is a sovereign [[city-state]] and a metropolis. === South Korea === In the [[Republic of Korea]] there are seven special and metropolitan cities at autonomous administrative levels include: [[Seoul]], [[Busan]], [[Incheon]], [[Daegu]], [[Gwangju]], [[Daejeon]] and [[Ulsan]]. === Taiwan === [[Taipei]], the biggest city in [[Taiwan]], is the political, economic, and cultural center of [[Taiwanese_people|Taiwanese]]. The metropolitan area consists of 4 administrative districts ([[Taipei]], [[New Taipei]], [[Keelung]], and [[Taoyuan City|Taoyuan]]) with more than 8 millions people inhabited. ===United Arab Emirates=== There are 8 metropolis in the UAE: [[Dubai]], [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]], [[Al Ain]], [[Ajman]], [[Ras Al Khaimah]], [[Fujairah]] and [[Umm al-Quwain]]. Of these, Dubai is the largest. == Europe == === Czech Republic === Only [[Prague]] has over a million residents. === Denmark === In Denmark the only metropolis is [[Copenhagen metropolitan area|Greater Copenhagen]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatercph.com/|title=Greater Copenhagen - Consider yourself invited|publisher=}}</ref> consisting of the capital, [[Copenhagen]], situated in the [[Capital Region of Denmark]] along with the neighboring regions [[Region Zealand]] and [[Skåne County]] (Sweden). Greater Copenhagen has an approximate population of 3.9 million people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.danmarksstatistik.dk/da/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning/folketal|title=Danmarks Statistik|publisher=Danmarks Statistik|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101A/BefolkningNy/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=f61e4564-bd48-4040-a3b1-a1d08620e1ab|title=Statistics Sweden|publisher=Statistics Sweden|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> This area is the most densely populated area in the Nordic Region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norden.org/en/fakta-om-norden-1/the-nordic-countries-the-faroe-islands-greenland-and-aaland/facts-about-denmark|title=Facts about Denmark|publisher=Nordisk Råd og Nordisk Ministerråd|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref> === Finland === Finland's capital, [[Helsinki]], along with the neighboring areas form an area of [[Greater Helsinki]], with an approximate population of 1.4 million people. This area is the only metropolis in the country. === France === {{main|Métropole}} A 2014 law allowed any group of [[Communes of France|communes]] to cooperate in a larger administrative division called a ''[[métropole]]''. One métropole, [[Lyon Metropolis|Lyon]], also has status as a [[Departments of France|department]]. France's national statistics institute, [[Insee]], designates 12 of the country's [[Urban area (France)|urban areas]] as ''metropolitan areas''. [[Paris]], [[Lyon]] and [[Marseille]] are the biggest, the other nine being [[Toulouse]], [[Lille]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Nice]], [[Nantes]], [[Strasbourg]], [[Rennes]], [[Grenoble]] and [[Montpellier]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1280952 |title=Un maillage du territoire français |trans-title=A network of French territory |language=fr |first=Chantal |last=Brutel |publisher=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques]] |date=January 18, 2011}} </ref> === Germany === {{Main|Metropolitan regions in Germany}} [[File:Oberbaumbruecke beim Berliner Osthafen cropped.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Berlin]] is Germany's largest city]] The largest German city by administrative borders is [[Berlin]], while [[Rhine-Ruhr]] is the largest metropolitan area (with more than 10 million people). The importance of a city is measured with three groups of indicators, also called metropolitan functions: The decision making and control function, the innovation and competition function, and the gateway function. These functions are seen as key domains for metropolitan regions in developing their performance. In spatial planning, a metropolis is usually observed within its regional context, thus the focus is mainly set on the metropolitan regions. These regions can be mono central or multi central. Eleven metropolitan regions have been defined due to these indicators: [[Berlin Metropolitan Region|Berlin-Brandenburg]], [[Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region|Bremen-Oldenburg]], [[Central German Metropolitan Region|Dresden-Halle-Leipzig]], [[Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region|Frankfurt-Rhine-Main]], [[Hamburg Metropolitan Region|Hamburg]], [[Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region|Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg]], [[Munich]], [[Nuremberg Metropolitan Region|Nuremberg]], [[Rhine-Neckar]], [[Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region|Rhine-Ruhr]] (with [[Cologne/Bonn Region|Cologne/Bonn]]), and [[Stuttgart Metropolitan Region|Stuttgart]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/ |title=Initiativkreise Europäische Metropolregion in Deutschland: IKM |publisher=Deutsche-metropolregionen.org |date= |accessdate=2012-10-29}}</ref> === Italy === {{main|Metropolitan cities of Italy}} As of January 1, 2015, there are 14 "metropolitan cities" in Italy. [[Rome]], [[Milan]], [[Naples]] and other big cores have taken in urban zones from their surrounding areas and merged them into the new entities, which have been home for one out of three Italians. The [[Italian Provinces|provinces]] remained in the parts of the country not belonging to any ''Città Metropolitana''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citylab.com/politics/2014/12/how-italy-put-cities-in-charge/383719|title=How Italy puts cities in charge}}</ref> === Poland === {{Main|Metropolitan areas in Poland}} [[File:Warszawa - widok z góry śmieciowej Radiowo.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Warsaw]], the capital and largest city of [[Poland]]]] The ''Union of Polish Metropoles'' ({{lang-pl|[[:pl:Unia Metropolii Polskich|Unia Metropolii Polskich]]}}), established in 1990, is an organization of the largest cities in the country. Currently twelve cities are members of the organization, of which 11 have more than a quarter-million inhabitants. The largest metropolitan area in Poland, if ranked solely by the number of inhabitants, is the [[Silesian Metropolis]] (in fact a [[metroplex]]), with around 3 million inhabitants (5 million inhabitants in the [[Silesian metropolitan area]]), followed by [[Warsaw]], with around 1.8 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.1 million in the [[Warsaw metropolitan area]]. The [[Silesian Metropolis]] is an initiative of recent years attempting to unite a large [[conurbation]] into one official urban unit. Other Polish metropoles are [[Kraków]], [[Łódź]], [[Wrocław]], [[Poznań]], [[Tricity, Poland|Tricity]], [[Szczecin]] and [[Bydgoszcz]]. === Spain === {{see also|List of metropolitan areas in Spain}} Spain has around 15 metropolitan areas with a population greater than 500,000 people. The largest metropoles with populations greater than a million people are Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and Sevilla. === Romania=== {{see also|List of metropolitan areas in Romania}} Romania has one big metropolis, Bucharest with a population greater than 2,500,000 people. Other metropolitan areas with populations greater than a half million people are Cluj-Napoca, Iasi, Timisoara, Brasov, Constanta and Craiova. === Turkey === [[Image:Istanbul IMG 7257 1725.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Levent]], [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]]] In Turkey the metropolitan cities are described as "büyükşehir". There are 30 metropolitan municipalities in Turkey now. The largest by far is [[İstanbul]], followed by [[Ankara]], [[İzmir]] and [[Bursa]]. === United Kingdom === {{see also|List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom}} [[File:City of London skyline from London City Hall - Oct 2008.jpg|thumb|200px|[[London]] is the largest city in the UK]] In the UK, the term ''the Metropolis'' was used to refer to [[London]], or the [[Greater London Built-up Area|London conurbation]]. The term is retained by the London police force, the [[Metropolitan Police Service]] (the "Met"). The chief officer of the Metropolitan Police is formally known as the [[Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis]]. Since 1974 six [[conurbation]]s (outside London) have been known as [[metropolitan counties]], each divided into [[metropolitan districts]]. Other conurbations in the United Kingdom are also sometimes considered to be metropolitan areas, most notably the [[West Midlands conurbation|West Midlands]] (centred on the city of [[Birmingham]]), [[West Yorkshire]] (centred on the city of [[Leeds]]), [[Greater Manchester]] and [[Greater Glasgow]] which make up the most densely populated areas in the British Isles outside London. == North America == === Canada === [[File:Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Toronto]] is Canada's largest city]] [[Statistics Canada]] defines a [[census metropolitan area]] as one or more adjacent municipalities situated around a major urban core where the urban core has a population of at least 100,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/reference/dict/geo009.htm |title=census metropolitan area (cma) and census agglomeration (ca), 2001 census |publisher=2.statcan.ca |date= |accessdate=2012-10-29}}</ref> Canada's largest metropoles are [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]] and [[Vancouver]]. === Mexico === In Mexico, the term metropolis is used to refer to an urban area of economic, political, and cultural importance. [[Mexico City]] represents all three factors as it is the country's capital and financial center. Other metropolis are [[Monterrey]] and [[Guadalajara]], both metropolitan areas population over 4,000,000 inhabitants. === United States === [[File:Top of Rock Cropped.jpg|thumb|200px|[[New York City]] is the largest city in the U.S.]] {{See also|List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas}} In the [[United States]], an [[Incorporation (municipal government)|incorporated]] area or group of areas having a population more than 50,000 is required to have a [[metropolitan planning organization]] in order to facilitate major infrastructure projects and to ensure financial solvency. Thus, a population of 50,000 or greater has been used as a [[de facto]] standard to define a ''metropolis'' in the United States. A similar definition is used by the [[United States Census Bureau]]. The bureau defines a [[Metropolitan Statistical Area|metropolitan statistical area]] as "at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants." The eight largest metropolitan cities in the USA are [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], [[Dallas]], [[Houston]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]], and [[Miami]], with New York City being the largest. == Oceania == === Australia === {{see also|List of cities in Australia by population}} [[File:City of sydney from the balmain wharf dusk cropped2.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Sydney]] is Australia's largest city and metropolis]] The [[Government of Australia]] defines a metropolitan area as any statistical division or district with a population of more than 100,000.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |title=1217.0.55.001 - Glossary of Statistical Geography Terminology, 2003 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/7d12b0f6763c78caca257061001cc588/32eb1b908521ad75ca2571220079feee!OpenDocument#M }}</ref> According to this definition, there are at least 16 metropolitan areas in Australia, including every state capital. By population the largest of these metropolitan areas is [[Sydney, New South Wales]] (urban area population at 2013 Census of 4,757,083) and the smallest is [[Darwin, Northern Territory]] (Urban area population at 2011 census of 103,016). == South America == === Argentina === {{See also|List of cities in Argentina|l1=List of Cities in Argentina}} [[Image:Buenos Aires - Monserrat - Avenida 9 de Julio.jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial view of Buenos Aires]] In Argentina, [[Buenos Aires]] is the principal metropolis with a population of around fifteen and a half million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_totalpais.asp |title=Censo 2010. Resultados provisionales: cuadros y gráficos |accessdate=25 February 2011 |language=Spanish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220143832/http://www.censo2010.indec.gov.ar/preliminares/cuadro_totalpais.asp |archivedate=20 December 2010 |df= }}</ref> [[Greater Buenos Aires|The Greater Buenos Aires]] conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the third-largest conurbation in Latin America.<ref name=buenosair>{{cite web|url=http://www.enjoyba.com/buenos-aires|title=About Buenos Aires|publisher=''EnjoyBA''|accessdate=August 17, 2015}}</ref> Buenos Aires is the main political, financial, industrial, commercial, and cultural hub of Argentina. === Brazil === [[File:Sampa Noite.jpg|thumb|210px|[[São Paulo]] is Brazil's largest city]] In Brazil, [[São Paulo]] is the principal metropolis with over 20 million inhabitants. In the larger cities, such as São Paulo and [[Rio de Janeiro]] (population 6.3 million), [[favelas]] (slums) grew up over decades as people migrated from rural areas in order to find work. The term used in [[Brazilian Portuguese]] for a metropolitan area is ''Região Metropolitana''. Others metropoles in Brazil with more than one million inhabitants include: [[Belém]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Campinas]], [[Curitiba]], [[Fortaleza]], [[Goiânia]], [[Guarulhos]], [[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]], [[Manaus]], [[Porto Alegre]], and [[Recife]]. === Colombia === In Colombia, [[Bogotá]] is the main metropolis with over 13 million inhabitants residing in its Metropolitan Area, which includes boroughs like [[Soacha]], [[Mosquera]], [[Cota, Cundinamarca|Cota]], and [[Chía, Cundinamarca|Chía]]. The second metropolis in Colombia is [[Medellín]], which includes such boroughs as [[Envigado]], [[Itagüi]], [[La Estrella, Colombia|La Estrella]], and [[Sabaneta, Antioquia|Sabaneta]]. This metropolitan area is known for having the first and only [[Rapid transit|Metro]] in Colombia, the [[Medellín Metro]]. [[Bogotá]] has the [[Transmilenio]], a Rapid Transit Metro-bus system. == Metropolis as a mainland area == In France, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, the word ''metropolis'' (''métropole'' (Fr.) / ''metrópole'' (Port.) / ''metrópoli'' (Spa.) / ''metropool'' (Dutch)) designates the mainland part of a country situated on or clost to the European mainland; in the case of France, this means France without its [[overseas departments]]. For Portugal and Spain during the [[Spanish Empire]] and [[Portuguese Empire]] period, the term was used to designate Portugal or Spain minus its colonies (the ''Ultramar''). In France ''métropole'' can also be used to refer to a large [[urban agglomeration]]; for example, "La Métropole de Lyon" (the [[Lyon Metropolis]]). == See also == * [[Metropolitan area]] ; Other city types * [[Global city]] * [[Megacity]] * [[Megalopolis (city type)|Megalopolis]] ; Lists * [[List of metropolitan areas by population]] ; Planning theories * [[New Urbanism]] * [[Smart growth]] * [[Transit-oriented development]] ; Other * [[Ekistics]] * [[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]] * [[Sustainable city]] * [[World's largest cities]] == References == {{reflist|30em}} == Further reading == {{Wikisource1911Enc|Metropolis}} * [http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/aboutmetro.html Census.gov], [[U.S. Census Bureau]], ''About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistics'' * [http://www.metroforum.com/ MetroForum.com], forum dedicated to discussions on metropolis * [http://www.blog.ar2com.de/megalopolis/ Blog.ar2com.de], a podcast with a worldwide analysis of megacities (focus Latin America) * [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20091027184144/http%3A//www.e%2Dgeopolis.eu/ E-geopolis.eu]: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France * See [[Ronald Daus]]´s bibliography, researcher at the [[Free University of Berlin]] [[Category:Urban geography]] [[Category:Demographics]] [[Category:Lists of cities]] [[Category:Greek colonization]] [[Category:Urban areas]] [[Category:Settlement geography]]'