Examine individual changes
Appearance
This page allows you to examine the variables generated by the Edit Filter for an individual change.
Variables generated for this change
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Whether or not the edit is marked as minor (no longer in use) (minor_edit ) | false |
Edit count of the user (user_editcount ) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name ) | '50.30.144.20' |
Age of the user account (user_age ) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups ) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Rights that the user has (user_rights ) | [
0 => 'createaccount',
1 => 'read',
2 => 'edit',
3 => 'createtalk',
4 => 'writeapi',
5 => 'editmyusercss',
6 => 'editmyuserjs',
7 => 'viewmywatchlist',
8 => 'editmywatchlist',
9 => 'viewmyprivateinfo',
10 => 'editmyprivateinfo',
11 => 'editmyoptions',
12 => 'abusefilter-view',
13 => 'abusefilter-log',
14 => 'abusefilter-log-detail',
15 => 'centralauth-merge',
16 => 'vipsscaler-test',
17 => 'ep-bereviewer'
] |
Global groups that the user is in (global_user_groups ) | [] |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile ) | false |
Page ID (page_id ) | 200485 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Muslin' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Muslin' |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors ) | [
0 => 'Vinegarymass911',
1 => '186.49.224.12',
2 => 'Eldumpo',
3 => '2601:197:780:28F0:746B:C11A:C385:F44C',
4 => '82.132.232.168',
5 => 'Rich Farmbrough',
6 => '192.249.47.207',
7 => 'E.M.Gregory',
8 => 'Tahmina.tithi',
9 => 'J. 'mach' wust'
] |
First user to contribute to the page (page_first_contributor ) | 'Infrogmation' |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '' |
Old content model (old_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Distinguish|Muslim}}
{{Redirect|Muslin gauze|American English usage of "muslin"|Calico (textile)}}
{{redirect|Sindon|other uses|Sindon (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
[[File:Renaldis muslin woman.jpg|thumb|250px|A woman in [[Dhaka]] clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th-century]]
[[File:Marie Antoinette in Muslin dress.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Marie Antoinette]] in her famous "muslin" portrait, 1783]]
[[File:Woman's muslin dress c. 1855.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Woman's muslin dress, Europe, c. 1855. [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], M.2007.211.755.]]
'''Muslin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|l|ᵻ|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|juː|s|l|ᵻ|n}}) is a [[cotton]] [[Textile|fabric]] of plain weave.<ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref><ref name=websters-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Webster's Unabridged Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-websterunabridged.com/unabridged/muslin}}</ref> It is made in a wide range of weights from delicate sheers to coarse sheeting.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399430/muslin}}</ref> It gets its name from the city of [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], where it may have been first manufactured.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin/><ref>{{citation |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404 |date=2013 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-60901-535-0 |pages=404–}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun), etymology |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref> Early muslin was handwoven of uncommonly delicate handspun yarn, especially in the region around [[Dhaka]], Bengal (now [[Bangladesh]]),<ref name=britannica-muslin/> where it may have originated from.<ref name="ghosh"/> It was imported into Europe for much of the 17th and early 18th centuries.<ref name=britannica-muslin/>
Fine [[linen]] muslin was formerly known as '''sindon'''.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "sindon, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1911.</ref>
In 2013, the traditional art of weaving ''[[Jamdani]]'' muslin in Bangladesh was included in the list of [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{citation |title=Jamdani recognised as intangible cultural heritage by Unesco |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jamdani-recognised-as-intangible-cultural-heritage-by-unesco/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=5 December 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-04}}</ref>
== Etymology and history ==
'''Muslin''' ([[AmE]]: Muslin gauze) from French mousseline, from Italian mussolina, from Mussolo ‘Mosul’ (Mosul, Iraq, where European traders are said to have first encountered the cloth). Although this view has the fabric named after the city where Europeans first encountered it (Mosul), the fabric is believed to have originated in Dhakeshwari, now Dhaka the capital of Bangladesh.<ref name="ghosh">{{citation |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&pg=PA35 |publisher=APH Publishing |pages=35– |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7}}</ref> In the 9th century, an Arab merchant named Sulaiman made note of the material's origin in Bengal (known as Ruhmi in Arabic). Bengali muslin was traded throughout the Muslim world, from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. In many Islamic regions, such as in Central Asia, the cloth was named ''Daka,'' after the city of Dhaka.<ref name="Eaton1996"/>
Some believe Crusaders of the First Crusade found the cloth in the Middle East and brought it back to Europe.<ref>{{citation |last=Dutt |first=Sukumar |date=1988 |title=Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture |publisher=Motilal Banarsidas Publishers |page=132 |oclc=860235537}}</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2016}}
Subsequently, the word Muslin found its place in various European languages as French ''mousseline'', Italian ''mussolina'' etc.,
In 1298, Marco Polo described the cloth in his book ''The Travels.'' He said it was made in Mosul, Iraq.<ref>[[Marco Polo|Polo, Marco]]. [https://archive.org/stream/mostnoblefamoust00polo#page/28/mode/2up ''The most noble and famous travels of Marco Polo, together with the travels of Nicoláo de' Conti'']. Translated by [[John Frampton]], London, A. and C. Black, 1937, p.28.</ref> During the 17th and 18th centuries, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]] emerged as the foremost muslin exporter in the world, with Mughal [[Dhaka]] as capital of the worldwide muslin trade.<ref name="Eaton1996">{{citation |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |date=1996 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |page=202}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Karim |first=Abdul |date=2012 |chapter=Muslin |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> During the Roman period Khadi muslin was introduced in Europe and a vast amounts of fabrics were traded to Europe for many centuries.<ref>{{citation |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/2011/12/02/centre.htm |title=The story of KHADI |newspaper=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |date=13 December 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-14}}</ref> It became highly popular in 18th-century [[France]] and eventually spread across much of the Western world. During British colonial rule in the eighteenth century, the Bengali muslin industry was ruthlessly suppressed by various colonial policies,<ref name="Bolts1772">{{citation |last=Bolts |first=William |authorlink=William Bolts |date=1772 |title=Considerations on India affairs: particularly respecting the present state of Bengal and its dependencies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98lNAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Printed for J. Almon |pages=194–195}}</ref> which favored imports of industrially manufactured textiles from Britain. Brutality to muslin weavers was intense, William Bolts noting in 1772 that "instances have been known of their cutting off their thumbs to prevent their being forced to wind silk."<ref name="Bolts1772"/>{{rp|194}} As a result, the quality of muslin suffered greatly and its finesse was nearly lost for two centuries. There have been various attempts at reviving the muslin industry in modern Bangladesh.
At the end of the 16th century the English traveler Ralph Fitch greatly admired the muslin of [[Sonargaon]]. The Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa described the muslin of Bengal in the early 16th century. He mentioned a few types of fabrics, such as estrabante (sarband), mamona, fugoza, choutara, and sinabaka.<ref name=Muslin>{{citation |last=Selim |first=Lala Rukh |date=2007 |title=Art and Crafts |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |page=552 |oclc=299379796}}</ref> In present day, many different types of muslins are produced in many different places, including Dhaka.
The word muslin is also used colloquially. In the United Kingdom, many sheer cotton fabrics are called muslin, while in the United States, muslin sometimes refers to a firm cloth for everyday use, which in the UK and Australia is known as calico.
Under British rule, the British East India company could not compete with the local Muslin with their own export of cloth to India. Muslin production was repressed and the knowledge eradicated. Local weavers were systematically rounded up and their hands mutilated with removal of their thumbs.<ref>{{citation |last1=Edwards |first1=Michael |date=June 1976 |title=Growth of the British Cotton Trade 1780-1815 |publisher=Augustus M Kelley Pubs |page=37 |isbn=0-678-06775-9}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Marshall |first=P. J.|date=1988 |title=India and Indonesia during the Ancien Regime |publisher=E.J. Brill |page=90 |isbn=978-90-04-08365-3}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Samuel |first1=T. John |date=2013 |title=Many avatars : challenges, achievements and the future |location=[S.l.] |publisher=Friesenpress |isbn=1-4602-2893-6}}</ref>
== Uses ==
=== Dress-making and sewing ===
[[File:Muslin-Dresses-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|In ''Advantages of wearing Muslin Dresses!'' (1802), [[James Gillray]] caricatured a hazard of untreated muslin: its flammability.]]
When [[sewing]] clothing, a [[dressmaker]] may test the fit of a garment, using an inexpensive muslin fabric before cutting pieces from expensive fabric, thereby avoiding potential costly mistakes. This garment is often called a "muslin," and the process is called "making a muslin." In this context, "muslin" has become the generic term for a test or fitting garment, regardless of what it is made from.
Muslin is also often used as a backing or lining for quilts, and thus can often be found in wide widths in the quilting sections of fabric stores.
=== Shellac polishing ===
Muslin is used as a French polishing pad.
=== Culinary ===
{{main article|Cheesecloth}}
Muslin can be used as a [[filter (chemistry)|filter]]:
* In a funnel when decanting fine wine or port to prevent sediment from entering the decanter
* To separate liquid from mush (for example, to make apple juice: wash, chop, boil, mash, then filter by pouring the mush into a muslin bag suspended over a jug)
* To retain a liquidy solid (for example, in home cheese-making, when the milk has curdled to a gel, pour into a muslin bag and squash between two saucers (upside down under a brick) to squeeze out the liquid whey from the cheese curd)
Muslin is the material for the traditional [[pudding cloth|cloth]] wrapped around a [[Christmas pudding]].
Muslin is the fabric wrapped around the items in [[barmbrack]], a fruitcake traditionally eaten at Halloween in Ireland.
Muslin is used when making traditional [[Kava culture#Fiji|Fijian Kava]] as a filter.
[[beekeeping|Beekeepers]] use muslin to filter melted beeswax to clean it of particles and debris.
=== Theater and photography ===
Muslin is often the cloth of choice for theater sets. It is used to mask the background of [[set construction|sets]] and to establish the mood or feel of different scenes. It receives paint well and, if treated properly, can be made translucent.
It also holds dyes well. It is often used to create nighttime scenes because when dyed, it often gets a wavy look with the color varying slightly, such that it resembles a night sky. Muslin [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinks]] after it is painted or sprayed with water, which is desirable in some common techniques such as [[Flats (theater)|soft-covered flats]].
In video production as well, muslin is used as a cheap [[Chroma key|greenscreen or bluescreen]], either pre-colored or painted with latex paint (diluted with water). It is commonly used as a background for the [[chroma key]] technique.
Muslin is the most common backdrop material used by photographers for formal portrait backgrounds. These backdrops are usually painted, most often with an abstract mottled pattern.
In the early days of [[silent film]]-making, and up until the late 1910s, movie studios did not have the elaborate lights needed to illuminate indoor sets, so most interior scenes were sets built outdoors with large pieces of muslin hanging overhead to diffuse sunlight.
=== Medicine ===
[[File:Semplici medicamenti per i soldati.jpg|thumb|A [[first-aid]] packet of 5m of "hydrophilic muslin", given to Italian soldiers in World War I]]
Surgeons use muslin [[gauze]] in [[cerebrovascular]] [[neurosurgery]] to wrap around [[aneurysm]]s or intracranial vessels at risk for bleeding.<ref>{{citation |last=Pool |first=J. |date=1976 |title=Muslin gauze in intracranial vascular surgery. Technical note. |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=127–128 |doi=10.3171/jns.1976.44.1.0127}}</ref> The thought is that the gauze reinforces the artery and helps prevent rupture. It is often used for aneurysms that, due to their size or shape, cannot be microsurgically clipped or coiled.<ref>{{citation |last1=Berger |first1=C. |last2=Hartmann |first2=M. |last3=Wildemann |first3=B. |date=March 2003 |title=Progressive visual loss due to a muslinoma – report of a case and review of the literature |journal=European Journal of Neurology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00546.x}}</ref>
=== Early aviation ===
The Wright Brothers, in search of a light and strong covering for their gliders and the 1903 Wright Flyer (the first heavier-than-air powered aircraft), selected Pride of the West muslin as a covering for wings and control surfaces. A large piece of the fabric used on the original Wright Flyer (1903) was passed down to Wright descendants. The fabric was made available to The Wright Experience<ref>The Wright Experience</ref>(reproduction of the Wright gliders and Flyer and reenactment of the first flight on its 100th anniversary) for examination as it was no longer commercially available a century after its use by the Wrights. To create an authentic modern reproduction of the original fabric, three different companies were needed which produced the thread, the weaving, and the finishing).
==See also==
*[[Muslin trade in Bengal]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Muslin dresses}}
==References==
*{{citation|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine B.|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India Before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA281|year= 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|pages=281–}}
* {{citation|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20507-9|pages=202–}}
* Islam, Khademul. 2016. [http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/May-2016/Our-Story-of-Dhaka-Muslin Our Story of Dhaka Muslin]. AramcoWorld. Volume 67 (3). May/June 2016. Pages 26–32. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895830331.
* {{citation|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hciTRYbE27gC&pg=PA202|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25758-9|pages=202–}}
* {{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Parthasarathi|first2=Prasannan (editor)|title=The Spinning World: A Global History of Cotton Textiles, 1200-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nn5evxtrTYC|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969616-1}}
*{{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Roy|first2=Tirthankar (editor)|title=How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3jyp-LNHMAC&pg=PA219|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-17653-5|pages=219–}}
*{{citation|last1=Staples|first1=Kathleen A.|last2=Shaw|first2=Madelyn C.|title=Clothing Through American History: The British Colonial Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08460-7|pages=96–}}
{{wiktionary}}
{{fabric}}
[[Category:Bangladeshi clothing]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
[[Category:Traditional clothing]]
[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Heritage of Bengal]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi inventions]]
[[Category:Textile arts of Bangladesh]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Distinguish|Mussie ass shit}}
{{Redirect|Muslin gauze|American English usage of "muslin"|Calico (textile)}}
{{redirect|Sindon|other uses|Sindon (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
[[File:Renaldis muslin woman.jpg|thumb|250px|A woman in [[Dhaka]] clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th-century]]
[[File:Marie Antoinette in Muslin dress.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Marie Antoinette]] in her famous "muslin" portrait, 1783]]
[[File:Woman's muslin dress c. 1855.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Woman's muslin dress, Europe, c. 1855. [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], M.2007.211.755.]]
'''Muslin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|l|ᵻ|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|juː|s|l|ᵻ|n}}) is a [[cotton]] [[Textile|fabric]] of plain weave.<ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref><ref name=websters-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Webster's Unabridged Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-websterunabridged.com/unabridged/muslin}}</ref> It is made in a wide range of weights from delicate sheers to coarse sheeting.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399430/muslin}}</ref> It gets its name from the city of [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], where it may have been first manufactured.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin/><ref>{{citation |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404 |date=2013 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-60901-535-0 |pages=404–}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun), etymology |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref> Early muslin was handwoven of uncommonly delicate handspun yarn, especially in the region around [[Dhaka]], Bengal (now [[Bangladesh]]),<ref name=britannica-muslin/> where it may have originated from.<ref name="ghosh"/> It was imported into Europe for much of the 17th and early 18th centuries.<ref name=britannica-muslin/>
Fine [[linen]] muslin was formerly known as '''sindon'''.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "sindon, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1911.</ref>
In 2013, the traditional art of weaving ''[[Jamdani]]'' muslin in Bangladesh was included in the list of [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{citation |title=Jamdani recognised as intangible cultural heritage by Unesco |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jamdani-recognised-as-intangible-cultural-heritage-by-unesco/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=5 December 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-04}}</ref>
== Etymology and history ==
'''Muslin''' ([[AmE]]: Muslin gauze) from French mousseline, from Italian mussolina, from Mussolo ‘Mosul’ (Mosul, Iraq, where European traders are said to have first encountered the cloth). Although this view has the fabric named after the city where Europeans first encountered it (Mosul), the fabric is believed to have originated in Dhakeshwari, now Dhaka the capital of Bangladesh.<ref name="ghosh">{{citation |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&pg=PA35 |publisher=APH Publishing |pages=35– |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7}}</ref> In the 9th century, an Arab merchant named Sulaiman made note of the material's origin in Bengal (known as Ruhmi in Arabic). Bengali muslin was traded throughout the Muslim world, from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. In many Islamic regions, such as in Central Asia, the cloth was named ''Daka,'' after the city of Dhaka.<ref name="Eaton1996"/>
Some believe Crusaders of the First Crusade found the cloth in the Middle East and brought it back to Europe.<ref>{{citation |last=Dutt |first=Sukumar |date=1988 |title=Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture |publisher=Motilal Banarsidas Publishers |page=132 |oclc=860235537}}</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2016}}
Subsequently, the word Muslin found its place in various European languages as French ''mousseline'', Italian ''mussolina'' etc.,
In 1298, Marco Polo described the cloth in his book ''The Travels.'' He said it was made in Mosul, Iraq.<ref>[[Marco Polo|Polo, Marco]]. [https://archive.org/stream/mostnoblefamoust00polo#page/28/mode/2up ''The most noble and famous travels of Marco Polo, together with the travels of Nicoláo de' Conti'']. Translated by [[John Frampton]], London, A. and C. Black, 1937, p.28.</ref> During the 17th and 18th centuries, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]] emerged as the foremost muslin exporter in the world, with Mughal [[Dhaka]] as capital of the worldwide muslin trade.<ref name="Eaton1996">{{citation |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |date=1996 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |page=202}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Karim |first=Abdul |date=2012 |chapter=Muslin |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> During the Roman period Khadi muslin was introduced in Europe and a vast amounts of fabrics were traded to Europe for many centuries.<ref>{{citation |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/2011/12/02/centre.htm |title=The story of KHADI |newspaper=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |date=13 December 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-14}}</ref> It became highly popular in 18th-century [[France]] and eventually spread across much of the Western world. During British colonial rule in the eighteenth century, the Bengali muslin industry was ruthlessly suppressed by various colonial policies,<ref name="Bolts1772">{{citation |last=Bolts |first=William |authorlink=William Bolts |date=1772 |title=Considerations on India affairs: particularly respecting the present state of Bengal and its dependencies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98lNAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Printed for J. Almon |pages=194–195}}</ref> which favored imports of industrially manufactured textiles from Britain. Brutality to muslin weavers was intense, William Bolts noting in 1772 that "instances have been known of their cutting off their thumbs to prevent their being forced to wind silk."<ref name="Bolts1772"/>{{rp|194}} As a result, the quality of muslin suffered greatly and its finesse was nearly lost for two centuries. There have been various attempts at reviving the muslin industry in modern Bangladesh.
At the end of the 16th century the English traveler Ralph Fitch greatly admired the muslin of [[Sonargaon]]. The Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa described the muslin of Bengal in the early 16th century. He mentioned a few types of fabrics, such as estrabante (sarband), mamona, fugoza, choutara, and sinabaka.<ref name=Muslin>{{citation |last=Selim |first=Lala Rukh |date=2007 |title=Art and Crafts |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |page=552 |oclc=299379796}}</ref> In present day, many different types of muslins are produced in many different places, including Dhaka.
The word muslin is also used colloquially. In the United Kingdom, many sheer cotton fabrics are called muslin, while in the United States, muslin sometimes refers to a firm cloth for everyday use, which in the UK and Australia is known as calico.
Under British rule, the British East India company could not compete with the local Muslin with their own export of cloth to India. Muslin production was repressed and the knowledge eradicated. Local weavers were systematically rounded up and their hands mutilated with removal of their thumbs.<ref>{{citation |last1=Edwards |first1=Michael |date=June 1976 |title=Growth of the British Cotton Trade 1780-1815 |publisher=Augustus M Kelley Pubs |page=37 |isbn=0-678-06775-9}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Marshall |first=P. J.|date=1988 |title=India and Indonesia during the Ancien Regime |publisher=E.J. Brill |page=90 |isbn=978-90-04-08365-3}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Samuel |first1=T. John |date=2013 |title=Many avatars : challenges, achievements and the future |location=[S.l.] |publisher=Friesenpress |isbn=1-4602-2893-6}}</ref>
== Uses ==
=== Dress-making and sewing ===
[[File:Muslin-Dresses-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|In ''Advantages of wearing Muslin Dresses!'' (1802), [[James Gillray]] caricatured a hazard of untreated muslin: its flammability.]]
When [[sewing]] clothing, a [[dressmaker]] may test the fit of a garment, using an inexpensive muslin fabric before cutting pieces from expensive fabric, thereby avoiding potential costly mistakes. This garment is often called a "muslin," and the process is called "making a muslin." In this context, "muslin" has become the generic term for a test or fitting garment, regardless of what it is made from.
Muslin is also often used as a backing or lining for quilts, and thus can often be found in wide widths in the quilting sections of fabric stores.
=== Shellac polishing ===
Muslin is used as a French polishing pad.
=== Culinary ===
{{main article|Cheesecloth}}
Muslin can be used as a [[filter (chemistry)|filter]]:
* In a funnel when decanting fine wine or port to prevent sediment from entering the decanter
* To separate liquid from mush (for example, to make apple juice: wash, chop, boil, mash, then filter by pouring the mush into a muslin bag suspended over a jug)
* To retain a liquidy solid (for example, in home cheese-making, when the milk has curdled to a gel, pour into a muslin bag and squash between two saucers (upside down under a brick) to squeeze out the liquid whey from the cheese curd)
Muslin is the material for the traditional [[pudding cloth|cloth]] wrapped around a [[Christmas pudding]].
Muslin is the fabric wrapped around the items in [[barmbrack]], a fruitcake traditionally eaten at Halloween in Ireland.
Muslin is used when making traditional [[Kava culture#Fiji|Fijian Kava]] as a filter.
[[beekeeping|Beekeepers]] use muslin to filter melted beeswax to clean it of particles and debris.
=== Theater and photography ===
Muslin is often the cloth of choice for theater sets. It is used to mask the background of [[set construction|sets]] and to establish the mood or feel of different scenes. It receives paint well and, if treated properly, can be made translucent.
It also holds dyes well. It is often used to create nighttime scenes because when dyed, it often gets a wavy look with the color varying slightly, such that it resembles a night sky. Muslin [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinks]] after it is painted or sprayed with water, which is desirable in some common techniques such as [[Flats (theater)|soft-covered flats]].
In video production as well, muslin is used as a cheap [[Chroma key|greenscreen or bluescreen]], either pre-colored or painted with latex paint (diluted with water). It is commonly used as a background for the [[chroma key]] technique.
Muslin is the most common backdrop material used by photographers for formal portrait backgrounds. These backdrops are usually painted, most often with an abstract mottled pattern.
In the early days of [[silent film]]-making, and up until the late 1910s, movie studios did not have the elaborate lights needed to illuminate indoor sets, so most interior scenes were sets built outdoors with large pieces of muslin hanging overhead to diffuse sunlight.
=== Medicine ===
[[File:Semplici medicamenti per i soldati.jpg|thumb|A [[first-aid]] packet of 5m of "hydrophilic muslin", given to Italian soldiers in World War I]]
Surgeons use muslin [[gauze]] in [[cerebrovascular]] [[neurosurgery]] to wrap around [[aneurysm]]s or intracranial vessels at risk for bleeding.<ref>{{citation |last=Pool |first=J. |date=1976 |title=Muslin gauze in intracranial vascular surgery. Technical note. |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=127–128 |doi=10.3171/jns.1976.44.1.0127}}</ref> The thought is that the gauze reinforces the artery and helps prevent rupture. It is often used for aneurysms that, due to their size or shape, cannot be microsurgically clipped or coiled.<ref>{{citation |last1=Berger |first1=C. |last2=Hartmann |first2=M. |last3=Wildemann |first3=B. |date=March 2003 |title=Progressive visual loss due to a muslinoma – report of a case and review of the literature |journal=European Journal of Neurology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00546.x}}</ref>
=== Early aviation ===
The Wright Brothers, in search of a light and strong covering for their gliders and the 1903 Wright Flyer (the first heavier-than-air powered aircraft), selected Pride of the West muslin as a covering for wings and control surfaces. A large piece of the fabric used on the original Wright Flyer (1903) was passed down to Wright descendants. The fabric was made available to The Wright Experience<ref>The Wright Experience</ref>(reproduction of the Wright gliders and Flyer and reenactment of the first flight on its 100th anniversary) for examination as it was no longer commercially available a century after its use by the Wrights. To create an authentic modern reproduction of the original fabric, three different companies were needed which produced the thread, the weaving, and the finishing).
==See also==
*[[Muslin trade in Bengal]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Muslin dresses}}
==References==
*{{citation|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine B.|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India Before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA281|year= 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|pages=281–}}
* {{citation|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20507-9|pages=202–}}
* Islam, Khademul. 2016. [http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/May-2016/Our-Story-of-Dhaka-Muslin Our Story of Dhaka Muslin]. AramcoWorld. Volume 67 (3). May/June 2016. Pages 26–32. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895830331.
* {{citation|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hciTRYbE27gC&pg=PA202|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25758-9|pages=202–}}
* {{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Parthasarathi|first2=Prasannan (editor)|title=The Spinning World: A Global History of Cotton Textiles, 1200-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nn5evxtrTYC|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969616-1}}
*{{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Roy|first2=Tirthankar (editor)|title=How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3jyp-LNHMAC&pg=PA219|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-17653-5|pages=219–}}
*{{citation|last1=Staples|first1=Kathleen A.|last2=Shaw|first2=Madelyn C.|title=Clothing Through American History: The British Colonial Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08460-7|pages=96–}}
{{wiktionary}}
{{fabric}}
[[Category:Bangladeshi clothing]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
[[Category:Traditional clothing]]
[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Heritage of Bengal]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi inventions]]
[[Category:Textile arts of Bangladesh]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-{{Distinguish|Muslim}}
+{{Distinguish|Mussie ass shit}}
{{Redirect|Muslin gauze|American English usage of "muslin"|Calico (textile)}}
{{redirect|Sindon|other uses|Sindon (disambiguation)}}
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 15887 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 15878 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | 9 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [
0 => '{{Distinguish|Mussie ass shit}}'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => '{{Distinguish|Muslim}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links ) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links ) | [
0 => 'http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185',
1 => 'http://www.merriam-websterunabridged.com/unabridged/muslin',
2 => 'http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399430/muslin',
3 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404',
4 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&pg=PA35',
5 => 'http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jamdani-recognised-as-intangible-cultural-heritage-by-unesco/',
6 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202',
7 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/860235537',
8 => 'https://archive.org/stream/mostnoblefamoust00polo#page/28/mode/2up',
9 => 'http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin',
10 => 'http://archive.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/2011/12/02/centre.htm',
11 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=98lNAAAAMAAJ',
12 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/299379796',
13 => '//doi.org/10.3171%2Fjns.1976.44.1.0127',
14 => '//doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1468-1331.2003.00546.x',
15 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA281',
16 => 'http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/May-2016/Our-Story-of-Dhaka-Muslin',
17 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=hciTRYbE27gC&pg=PA202',
18 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nn5evxtrTYC',
19 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=g3jyp-LNHMAC&pg=PA219',
20 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96',
21 => 'http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895830331'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links ) | [
0 => '//doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1468-1331.2003.00546.x',
1 => '//doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1468-1331.2003.00546.x',
2 => '//doi.org/10.3171%2Fjns.1976.44.1.0127',
3 => '//doi.org/10.3171%2Fjns.1976.44.1.0127',
4 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/299379796',
5 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/299379796',
6 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/860235537',
7 => '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/860235537',
8 => 'http://archive.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/2011/12/02/centre.htm',
9 => 'http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin',
10 => 'http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/May-2016/Our-Story-of-Dhaka-Muslin',
11 => 'http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399430/muslin',
12 => 'http://www.merriam-websterunabridged.com/unabridged/muslin',
13 => 'http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185',
14 => 'http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jamdani-recognised-as-intangible-cultural-heritage-by-unesco/',
15 => 'http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895830331',
16 => 'https://archive.org/stream/mostnoblefamoust00polo#page/28/mode/2up',
17 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&pg=PA35',
18 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nn5evxtrTYC',
19 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=98lNAAAAMAAJ',
20 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404',
21 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA281',
22 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96',
23 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=g3jyp-LNHMAC&pg=PA219',
24 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202',
25 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=hciTRYbE27gC&pg=PA202'
] |
New page wikitext, pre-save transformed (new_pst ) | '{{Distinguish|Mussie ass shit}}
{{Redirect|Muslin gauze|American English usage of "muslin"|Calico (textile)}}
{{redirect|Sindon|other uses|Sindon (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
[[File:Renaldis muslin woman.jpg|thumb|250px|A woman in [[Dhaka]] clad in fine Bengali muslin, 18th-century]]
[[File:Marie Antoinette in Muslin dress.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Marie Antoinette]] in her famous "muslin" portrait, 1783]]
[[File:Woman's muslin dress c. 1855.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Woman's muslin dress, Europe, c. 1855. [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]], M.2007.211.755.]]
'''Muslin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|l|ᵻ|n}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|juː|s|l|ᵻ|n}}) is a [[cotton]] [[Textile|fabric]] of plain weave.<ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref><ref name=websters-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin (noun) |publisher=Webster's Unabridged Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-websterunabridged.com/unabridged/muslin}}</ref> It is made in a wide range of weights from delicate sheers to coarse sheeting.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin>{{citation |title=muslin |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/399430/muslin}}</ref> It gets its name from the city of [[Mosul]], [[Iraq]], where it may have been first manufactured.<ref name=websters-muslin/><ref name=britannica-muslin/><ref>{{citation |title=The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Textiles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LTYfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA404 |date=2013 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-60901-535-0 |pages=404–}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=muslin (noun), etymology |publisher=Oxford English Dictionary, Third Edition |date=March 2003 |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/124185}}</ref> Early muslin was handwoven of uncommonly delicate handspun yarn, especially in the region around [[Dhaka]], Bengal (now [[Bangladesh]]),<ref name=britannica-muslin/> where it may have originated from.<ref name="ghosh"/> It was imported into Europe for much of the 17th and early 18th centuries.<ref name=britannica-muslin/>
Fine [[linen]] muslin was formerly known as '''sindon'''.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "sindon, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1911.</ref>
In 2013, the traditional art of weaving ''[[Jamdani]]'' muslin in Bangladesh was included in the list of [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{citation |title=Jamdani recognised as intangible cultural heritage by Unesco |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jamdani-recognised-as-intangible-cultural-heritage-by-unesco/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=5 December 2013 |accessdate=2013-12-04}}</ref>
== Etymology and history ==
'''Muslin''' ([[AmE]]: Muslin gauze) from French mousseline, from Italian mussolina, from Mussolo ‘Mosul’ (Mosul, Iraq, where European traders are said to have first encountered the cloth). Although this view has the fabric named after the city where Europeans first encountered it (Mosul), the fabric is believed to have originated in Dhakeshwari, now Dhaka the capital of Bangladesh.<ref name="ghosh">{{citation |last1=Ghosh |first1=G. K. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Shukla |date=1995 |title=Indian Textiles: Past and Present |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xbRLoG5MAkC&pg=PA35 |publisher=APH Publishing |pages=35– |isbn=978-81-7024-706-7}}</ref> In the 9th century, an Arab merchant named Sulaiman made note of the material's origin in Bengal (known as Ruhmi in Arabic). Bengali muslin was traded throughout the Muslim world, from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. In many Islamic regions, such as in Central Asia, the cloth was named ''Daka,'' after the city of Dhaka.<ref name="Eaton1996"/>
Some believe Crusaders of the First Crusade found the cloth in the Middle East and brought it back to Europe.<ref>{{citation |last=Dutt |first=Sukumar |date=1988 |title=Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture |publisher=Motilal Banarsidas Publishers |page=132 |oclc=860235537}}</ref>{{verify source|date=June 2016}}
Subsequently, the word Muslin found its place in various European languages as French ''mousseline'', Italian ''mussolina'' etc.,
In 1298, Marco Polo described the cloth in his book ''The Travels.'' He said it was made in Mosul, Iraq.<ref>[[Marco Polo|Polo, Marco]]. [https://archive.org/stream/mostnoblefamoust00polo#page/28/mode/2up ''The most noble and famous travels of Marco Polo, together with the travels of Nicoláo de' Conti'']. Translated by [[John Frampton]], London, A. and C. Black, 1937, p.28.</ref> During the 17th and 18th centuries, [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Bengal Subah|Bengal]] emerged as the foremost muslin exporter in the world, with Mughal [[Dhaka]] as capital of the worldwide muslin trade.<ref name="Eaton1996">{{citation |last=Eaton |first=Richard Maxwell |date=1996 |title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20507-9 |page=202}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Karim |first=Abdul |date=2012 |chapter=Muslin |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Muslin |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> During the Roman period Khadi muslin was introduced in Europe and a vast amounts of fabrics were traded to Europe for many centuries.<ref>{{citation |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/2011/12/02/centre.htm |title=The story of KHADI |newspaper=The Daily Star (Bangladesh) |date=13 December 2011 |accessdate=2014-01-14}}</ref> It became highly popular in 18th-century [[France]] and eventually spread across much of the Western world. During British colonial rule in the eighteenth century, the Bengali muslin industry was ruthlessly suppressed by various colonial policies,<ref name="Bolts1772">{{citation |last=Bolts |first=William |authorlink=William Bolts |date=1772 |title=Considerations on India affairs: particularly respecting the present state of Bengal and its dependencies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=98lNAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Printed for J. Almon |pages=194–195}}</ref> which favored imports of industrially manufactured textiles from Britain. Brutality to muslin weavers was intense, William Bolts noting in 1772 that "instances have been known of their cutting off their thumbs to prevent their being forced to wind silk."<ref name="Bolts1772"/>{{rp|194}} As a result, the quality of muslin suffered greatly and its finesse was nearly lost for two centuries. There have been various attempts at reviving the muslin industry in modern Bangladesh.
At the end of the 16th century the English traveler Ralph Fitch greatly admired the muslin of [[Sonargaon]]. The Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa described the muslin of Bengal in the early 16th century. He mentioned a few types of fabrics, such as estrabante (sarband), mamona, fugoza, choutara, and sinabaka.<ref name=Muslin>{{citation |last=Selim |first=Lala Rukh |date=2007 |title=Art and Crafts |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh |page=552 |oclc=299379796}}</ref> In present day, many different types of muslins are produced in many different places, including Dhaka.
The word muslin is also used colloquially. In the United Kingdom, many sheer cotton fabrics are called muslin, while in the United States, muslin sometimes refers to a firm cloth for everyday use, which in the UK and Australia is known as calico.
Under British rule, the British East India company could not compete with the local Muslin with their own export of cloth to India. Muslin production was repressed and the knowledge eradicated. Local weavers were systematically rounded up and their hands mutilated with removal of their thumbs.<ref>{{citation |last1=Edwards |first1=Michael |date=June 1976 |title=Growth of the British Cotton Trade 1780-1815 |publisher=Augustus M Kelley Pubs |page=37 |isbn=0-678-06775-9}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Marshall |first=P. J.|date=1988 |title=India and Indonesia during the Ancien Regime |publisher=E.J. Brill |page=90 |isbn=978-90-04-08365-3}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Samuel |first1=T. John |date=2013 |title=Many avatars : challenges, achievements and the future |location=[S.l.] |publisher=Friesenpress |isbn=1-4602-2893-6}}</ref>
== Uses ==
=== Dress-making and sewing ===
[[File:Muslin-Dresses-Gillray.jpeg|thumb|In ''Advantages of wearing Muslin Dresses!'' (1802), [[James Gillray]] caricatured a hazard of untreated muslin: its flammability.]]
When [[sewing]] clothing, a [[dressmaker]] may test the fit of a garment, using an inexpensive muslin fabric before cutting pieces from expensive fabric, thereby avoiding potential costly mistakes. This garment is often called a "muslin," and the process is called "making a muslin." In this context, "muslin" has become the generic term for a test or fitting garment, regardless of what it is made from.
Muslin is also often used as a backing or lining for quilts, and thus can often be found in wide widths in the quilting sections of fabric stores.
=== Shellac polishing ===
Muslin is used as a French polishing pad.
=== Culinary ===
{{main article|Cheesecloth}}
Muslin can be used as a [[filter (chemistry)|filter]]:
* In a funnel when decanting fine wine or port to prevent sediment from entering the decanter
* To separate liquid from mush (for example, to make apple juice: wash, chop, boil, mash, then filter by pouring the mush into a muslin bag suspended over a jug)
* To retain a liquidy solid (for example, in home cheese-making, when the milk has curdled to a gel, pour into a muslin bag and squash between two saucers (upside down under a brick) to squeeze out the liquid whey from the cheese curd)
Muslin is the material for the traditional [[pudding cloth|cloth]] wrapped around a [[Christmas pudding]].
Muslin is the fabric wrapped around the items in [[barmbrack]], a fruitcake traditionally eaten at Halloween in Ireland.
Muslin is used when making traditional [[Kava culture#Fiji|Fijian Kava]] as a filter.
[[beekeeping|Beekeepers]] use muslin to filter melted beeswax to clean it of particles and debris.
=== Theater and photography ===
Muslin is often the cloth of choice for theater sets. It is used to mask the background of [[set construction|sets]] and to establish the mood or feel of different scenes. It receives paint well and, if treated properly, can be made translucent.
It also holds dyes well. It is often used to create nighttime scenes because when dyed, it often gets a wavy look with the color varying slightly, such that it resembles a night sky. Muslin [[Shrinkage (fabric)|shrinks]] after it is painted or sprayed with water, which is desirable in some common techniques such as [[Flats (theater)|soft-covered flats]].
In video production as well, muslin is used as a cheap [[Chroma key|greenscreen or bluescreen]], either pre-colored or painted with latex paint (diluted with water). It is commonly used as a background for the [[chroma key]] technique.
Muslin is the most common backdrop material used by photographers for formal portrait backgrounds. These backdrops are usually painted, most often with an abstract mottled pattern.
In the early days of [[silent film]]-making, and up until the late 1910s, movie studios did not have the elaborate lights needed to illuminate indoor sets, so most interior scenes were sets built outdoors with large pieces of muslin hanging overhead to diffuse sunlight.
=== Medicine ===
[[File:Semplici medicamenti per i soldati.jpg|thumb|A [[first-aid]] packet of 5m of "hydrophilic muslin", given to Italian soldiers in World War I]]
Surgeons use muslin [[gauze]] in [[cerebrovascular]] [[neurosurgery]] to wrap around [[aneurysm]]s or intracranial vessels at risk for bleeding.<ref>{{citation |last=Pool |first=J. |date=1976 |title=Muslin gauze in intracranial vascular surgery. Technical note. |journal=Journal of Neurosurgery |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=127–128 |doi=10.3171/jns.1976.44.1.0127}}</ref> The thought is that the gauze reinforces the artery and helps prevent rupture. It is often used for aneurysms that, due to their size or shape, cannot be microsurgically clipped or coiled.<ref>{{citation |last1=Berger |first1=C. |last2=Hartmann |first2=M. |last3=Wildemann |first3=B. |date=March 2003 |title=Progressive visual loss due to a muslinoma – report of a case and review of the literature |journal=European Journal of Neurology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=153–158 |doi=10.1046/j.1468-1331.2003.00546.x}}</ref>
=== Early aviation ===
The Wright Brothers, in search of a light and strong covering for their gliders and the 1903 Wright Flyer (the first heavier-than-air powered aircraft), selected Pride of the West muslin as a covering for wings and control surfaces. A large piece of the fabric used on the original Wright Flyer (1903) was passed down to Wright descendants. The fabric was made available to The Wright Experience<ref>The Wright Experience</ref>(reproduction of the Wright gliders and Flyer and reenactment of the first flight on its 100th anniversary) for examination as it was no longer commercially available a century after its use by the Wrights. To create an authentic modern reproduction of the original fabric, three different companies were needed which produced the thread, the weaving, and the finishing).
==See also==
*[[Muslin trade in Bengal]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Muslin dresses}}
==References==
*{{citation|last1=Asher|first1=Catherine B.|last2=Talbot|first2=Cynthia|title=India Before Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA281|year= 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80904-7|pages=281–}}
* {{citation|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKhChF3yAOUC&pg=PA202|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-20507-9|pages=202–}}
* Islam, Khademul. 2016. [http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/May-2016/Our-Story-of-Dhaka-Muslin Our Story of Dhaka Muslin]. AramcoWorld. Volume 67 (3). May/June 2016. Pages 26–32. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/895830331.
* {{citation|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hciTRYbE27gC&pg=PA202|year=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-25758-9|pages=202–}}
* {{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Parthasarathi|first2=Prasannan (editor)|title=The Spinning World: A Global History of Cotton Textiles, 1200-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nn5evxtrTYC|year=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969616-1}}
*{{citation|last1=Riello|first1=Giorgio (editor)|last2=Roy|first2=Tirthankar (editor)|title=How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3jyp-LNHMAC&pg=PA219|year=2009|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-17653-5|pages=219–}}
*{{citation|last1=Staples|first1=Kathleen A.|last2=Shaw|first2=Madelyn C.|title=Clothing Through American History: The British Colonial Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bbxdAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08460-7|pages=96–}}
{{wiktionary}}
{{fabric}}
[[Category:Bangladeshi clothing]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Woven fabrics]]
[[Category:Traditional clothing]]
[[Category:Bengali culture]]
[[Category:Heritage of Bengal]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi inventions]]
[[Category:Textile arts of Bangladesh]]' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1507406434 |