Examine individual changes

'{{Refimprove|date=January 2009}} {{use mdy dates|date=June 2016}} {{Infobox Bus transit | name=King County Metro | logo = King County Metro logo.svg | logo_size = 200 | image = File:King County Metro 6944 at University Street station.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = A King County Metro coach operating on Route 41, in the [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]]. | company_slogan = We'll Get You There. | parent = King County Department of Transportation | founded = January 1, 1973<br>{{Years or months ago|1973}} | headquarters = 201 S. Jackson St., [[Seattle]] | locale = [[King County, Washington]] | service_area = [[King County, Washington]] | service_type = [[Transit bus]], [[Vanpool]], [[Paratransit]] | alliance = [[Sound Transit]] | routes = 215<ref name="routes">{{Cite web|url = http://metro.kingcounty.gov/schedules/|title = Route List|date = |access-date = January 31, 2016|website = King County Metro|publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> (excluding routes operated by Metro under contract for another agency) | destinations = | stops = 8,521<ref name="2012 Report">{{cite web|author1=King County Metro|authorlink1=King County Metro|title=2012 Annual Management Report|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/reports/2012/2012_Annual_Management_Report.pdf|accessdate=30 September 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> (year-end 2012) | hubs = 13 transit centers | stations = | lounge = | fleet = 1,540<ref name="METRO Mag Survey">{{Cite news|url=http://files.metro-magazine.com/images/top100-2017.pdf|title=2017 Top 100 Transit Bus Fleets Survey|last=Roman|first=Alex|date=September 25, 2017|newspaper=|access-date=September 26, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=[[Metro Magazine]]|orig-year=print edition of September–October 2017, pp. 28}}</ref> | ridership = 394,500<ref name="APTA">{{Cite web|url = http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2015-q3-ridership-APTA.pdf|title = Transit Ridership Report, Third Quarter 2015|publisher = American Public Transportation Association|date = November 30, 2015|accessdate = February 10, 2016}}</ref> | fuel_type = [[Battery electric bus|Battery electric]], [[Diesel fuel|Diesel]], [[Diesel-electric]] hybrid, [[Electric trolleybus]] | operator = | ceo = Rob Gannon, General Manager<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive Constantine names new GM for Metro, the nation’s 10th largest transit service|url=http://kingcounty.gov/elected/executive/constantine/News/release/2016/October/25-Metro-General%20Manager.aspx|publisher=[[King County, Washington]]|date=October 25, 2016|accessdate=October 25, 2016}}</ref> | website = [http://metro.kingcounty.gov Metro Online] }} '''King County Metro''', officially the '''King County Department of Transportation Metro Transit Division''' or '''Metro''' for short, is the [[public transit]] authority of [[King County, Washington]]. It began operations on January 1, 1973, but can trace its roots to Seattle Transit, founded in 1939, and Overlake Transit Service, founded in 1927. Metro is the eighth-largest transit bus agency in the United States, carrying an average of 395,000 passengers each weekday on 215 routes. Metro employs 2,716 full-time and part-time operators and operates 1,540 [[bus|buses.]] Metro is also contracted to operate and maintain [[Sound Transit]]’s [[Central Link]] light rail line and eight of the agency's [[Sound Transit Express]] bus routes along with the [[Seattle Streetcar]] lines owned by the City of Seattle. The agency runs a limited network of [[Night bus service|late-night "Night Owl"]] routes, which is defined as having regular service between midnight and 5 am. ==History== The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle was created by a local referendum in 1958 authorized to manage regional wastewater and water quality issues in King County.<ref name="HLmetro">{{cite web|last=Oldham|first=Kit| title=Metro: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle | date=June 18, 2006| work=[[HistoryLink|HistoryLink: Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History]]| url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7813|accessdate=June 30, 2012}}</ref> After [[Forward Thrust|two failed attempts]] to enable it to build a regional [[rapid transit]] system, it was authorized to operate a regional bus system in 1972. The bus system was known as Metro Transit and began operations in 1973. Its operations subsumed the Seattle Transit System, formerly under the purview of the City of Seattle and the Metropolitan Transit Corporation, a private company serving suburban cities in King County. In the early 1970s, the private Metropolitan faced [[bankruptcy]] because of low ridership. King County voters authorized Metro to buy Metropolitan and operate the county's mass transit bus system. The Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle was overseen by a federated board of elected officials, composed of elected officials from cities throughout the region. Its representation structure was ruled unconstitutional in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2705 |last=Crowley |first=Walt |date=October 5, 2000 |title=Federal District Judge William Dwyer rules that Metro Council is unconstitutional on September 6, 1990 |work=HistoryLink.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite court |litigants=Evergreen Trail, Inc. v. King County |court=Wash. App. |date=March 1st, 2011 |url=http://www.leagle.com/decision/in%20waco%2020100823789 |accessdate=2014-05-21}}</ref> In 1992, after gaining approval by popular vote, the municipality's roles and authorities were assumed by the government of King County.<ref name="HLmetro" /> The municipality's transit operations was a stand-alone department within the county until 1996, when it became a division of the newly created King County Department of Transportation. After completion of the downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel project, attention was drawn again to developing a regional rail system. This interest led to the formation of the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority (more commonly known as [[Sound Transit]]) which holds primary responsibility for planning and building high capacity transit in the counties of King, Pierce and Snohomish, in western [[Washington state]].<ref>Sound Transit. [http://soundtransit.org/Documents/pdf/about/Chronology.pdf History and Chronology]. October 2007.</ref> Today, King County Metro operates more than 200 routes, providing local and regional transit service, primarily within its jurisdictional boundaries. Besides its own transit operations, Metro operates several [[ST Express]] bus routes and the [[Central Link]] light rail line under a contract with Sound Transit<ref>[http://mkcclegisearch.metrokc.gov/detailreport/?key=4527 Light rail operator Ordinance]</ref> and two streetcar routes under contract with [[Seattle Streetcar]]. ===Ride Free Area=== For almost 40 years, until 2012,<ref name="metro.kingcounty.gov">{{cite web |url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/tops/bus/ride-free-area/changes.html |accessdate=2014-03-10 |title=Ride Free Area (discontinued Sept. 2012) |website=King County Metro |publisher=King County}}</ref> most of downtown Seattle was designated as a [[free public transport|zero-fare]] zone, an area in which all rides on Metro vehicles were free, known as the "Ride Free" Area. Intended to encourage transit usage, improve accessibility and encourage downtown shopping, the zone was created in September 1973 and was originally called the "Magic Carpet" zone.<ref>{{cite web|author=Walt Crowley|title=Metro Transit establishes free Magic Carpet zone in downtown Seattle in September 1973|year=1993|publisher=HistoryLink.org Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2698|accessdate=February 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Robert Lindsey|title=Seattle Joining Movement for Free Bus Rides|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=September 9, 1973|page=228|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60A10F63A59137A93CBA91782D85F478785F9&scp=1&sq=1973%20Seattle%20free%20bus%20service&st=cse|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref> It was later renamed the Ride Free Area (RFA). The RFA extended from the north at Battery St. to S. Jackson St. on the south and east at 6th Avenue to the waterfront on the west.<ref name="MetroRFA">[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/tops/bus/ridefree.html Metro Transit Ride Free Area]</ref> Until 1987, the zone was in effect 24 hours a day, but in October of that year Metro began requiring fare payment within the zone during night-time hours, between 9 p.m. and 4 a.m., to reduce fare-related conflicts that sometimes led to assaults on drivers;<ref name="PI-1987aug21">Sanger, S.L (August 21, 1987). "Metro puts the brakes on free rides at night". ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]'', p. B1.</ref> in February 1994, the RFA's hours were reduced further, with fare payment required between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m.<ref name="PI-1994feb4">Foster, George (February 4, 1994). "Free downtown bus service to be cut in compliance with security plan". ''[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]'', p. C1.</ref> A King County Auditor’s Office report released in September 2009 found that Metro “can neither fully explain nor provide backup documentation for the operating cost savings that offset the fare revenues in the calculation of the annual charges to the City of Seattle for the city’s Ride Free Area” and that some assumptions in the methodology Metro used to calculate the amount of lost fares were “questionable” and have not been updated to reflect changes to the fare structure and fare collection methods.<ref>[http://www.kingcounty.gov/operations/auditor/Reports/Year/~/media/operations/auditor/documents/2009Documents/FinancialCapitalPlanningTechRptA.ashx#%22Performance%20Audit%20of%20Transit%20-%20Technical%20Report%20A%22]. King County Auditor's Office, September 15, 2009. Retrieved September 15, 2009.</ref> A 1975 study found that while the Ride Free Area generally reduced bus travel times within the RFA itself, buses that traveled through the Ride Free Area to other destinations generally did not benefit. It also found that unloading outbound coaches once outside the RFA took additional time, though not entirely quantified vis-à-vis time saved within the RFA.{{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} On September 29, 2012, the Ride Free Area was eliminated. All riders boarding in downtown must now pay as they board.<ref name="metro.kingcounty.gov"/> ==Operations== [[File:0402071713.jpg|thumb|right|Metro buses in [[Downtown Seattle]]]] ===Routes=== {{See also|List of King County Metro bus routes}} Metro combines service patterns typical of both city and suburban bus networks. The city network, was descended in large part from the Seattle Transit system of converted streetcar routes. Most service is operated in a hub-and-spoke pattern centered either on [[Downtown, Seattle, Washington|downtown Seattle]] or the [[University of Washington]], with lesser amounts of crosstown service. The suburban network typically operates on major streets between the regions employment and population centers. Routes in the city network are numbered from 1 to 78. Because of the scattershot evolution of the system, there is no easily discernible pattern to the route numbers, although there are clusters in certain neighborhoods. The in-city routes with the highest ridership are the RapidRide D Line from downtown to Crown Hill via Uptown/Seattle Center and Ballard; the 7, traveling from downtown through the [[International District, Seattle, Washington|International District]] to the [[Rainier Valley, Seattle, Washington|Rainier Valley]]; the 40, traveling from downtown through South Lake Union, Fremont, and Ballard to Northgate; the 41, traveling from downtown via I-5 to Northgate and Lake City; the RapidRide C Line from South Lake Union and downtown to West Seattle's Alaska Junction and Westwood Village; the 36, traveling from downtown through the International District to [[Beacon Hill, Seattle, Washington|Beacon Hill]]; the 5 from downtown via the Woodland Park Zoo and Greenwood/Phinney Ridge to Shoreline Community College; the 44, a crosstown route connecting the University District and [[Ballard, Seattle, Washington|Ballard]]; the 8, a crosstown route connecting Uptown/Seattle Center and South Lake Union with Capitol Hill, the Central District and Mount Baker; and the 70, connecting downtown to South Lake Union, Eastlake, and the University District. The Metro-operated [[Seattle Streetcar]] routes are numbered in the 90s, with the [[South Lake Union Streetcar]] numbered 98 and the bus replacement for the [[Seattle Waterfront Streetcar|Waterfront Streetcar]] numbered 99. The suburban system is more numerically organized. Roughly speaking, areas in South King County (from [[Burien, Washington|Burien]] and [[Des Moines, Washington|Des Moines]] through [[Renton, Washington|Renton]] and [[Maple Valley, Washington|Maple Valley]]) are served by routes numbered in the [[List of King County Metro bus routes#100s|100s]], areas in East King County (from Renton to [[Bothell, Washington|Bothell]]) are served by routes numbered in the [[List of King County Metro bus routes#200s|200s]], areas in North King County (from Bothell to [[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]]) are served by routes numbered in the [[List of King County Metro bus routes#300s|300s]]. Major all-day Metro routes in the suburbs include the RapidRide E Line connecting downtown Seattle and Shoreline's Aurora Village TC; the 120, connecting Seattle and Burien; the 372X connecting the University District, Lake City, and UW Bothell; the 150, connecting Seattle, [[Tukwila, Washington|Southcenter]] and [[Kent, Washington|Kent]]; the 255, connecting Seattle and [[Kirkland, Washington|Kirkland]]; the 271, connecting [[Issaquah, Washington|Issaquah]], Bellevue, and the University District; the 101 and 106 between Seattle and Renton; the 240, connecting Renton and Bellevue; and the 347 and 348, connecting [[Northgate, Seattle, Washington|Northgate]] and [[North City, Washington|North City]]. The Metro-operated [[Sound Transit Express]] routes are numbered in the 500s. Route numbers in the lower [[List of King County Metro bus routes#900s|900s]] (901–931) are used for [[Dial-a-Ride]] services, while shuttles connecting to the [[King County Water Taxi]] are numbered in the [[List of King County Metro bus routes#700s|700s]]. Metro is contracted to operate special custom buses. Custom routes that serve schools in Bellevue and on Mercer Island are numbered in the [[List of King County Metro bus routes#800s|800s]] (823, 824, 886–892) and routes serving the private [[Lakeside School (Seattle, Washington)|Lakeside School]] and [[University Prep]] numbered in the higher [[List of King County Metro bus routes#900s|900s]] (980–995). Metro also operates custom routes to major employment sites (like [[Group Health Cooperative]] in Tukwila and the [[Boeing Everett Factory]]). Custom routes are also occasionally established to serve as shuttles for large local events, including [[Seattle Seahawks]] and [[Washington Huskies football]] games. ===RapidRide=== {{Main article|RapidRide}} [[File:King County Metro Rapid Ride New Flyer DE60LFR 6085.JPG|thumbnail|right|RapidRide bus running on the '''C''' Line in West Seattle]] King County Metro operates RapidRide, a network of [[limited-stop]] bus lines with some [[bus rapid transit]] features. All RapidRide routes have frequent service with frequencies of 10 minutes or better during peak commuting hours and 15 minutes during most off-peak hours and on weekends. Most lines (except the B and F lines) have late night and early morning service. Stops are placed farther apart than typical Metro service to increase speed and reliability. Stops with heavier ridership have "stations" with an awning, seating, lighting, real time information signs to communicate estimate arrival times of RapidRide buses. Most stations and some stops in Downtown Seattle have ORCA card readers that allow passengers to pay before the bus arrives and board at any of the buses three doors.<ref name=RapidRide>{{cite web|title=RapidRide - King County Metro Transit|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/travel-options/bus/rapidride/|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> All lines use new, low-floor, articulated buses that are painted with a distinct red and yellow livery and have onboard Wi-Fi. The RapidRide corridors are: * '''[[RapidRide A Line|A Line]]''': [[Tukwila, Washington|Tukwila]] – [[Federal Way, Washington|Federal Way]] * '''[[RapidRide B Line|B Line]]''': [[Redmond, Washington|Redmond]] – [[Overlake, Washington|Overlake]] – [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]] * '''[[RapidRide C Line|C Line]]''': [[West Seattle, Seattle|West Seattle]] – [[Downtown Seattle]] – [[South Lake Union, Seattle|South Lake Union]] * '''[[RapidRide D Line|D Line]]''': [[Ballard, Seattle|Ballard]] – [[Lower Queen Anne, Seattle, Washington|Uptown]] – Downtown Seattle * '''[[RapidRide E Line|E Line]]''': [[Shoreline, Washington|Shoreline]] – Downtown Seattle * '''[[RapidRide F Line|F Line]]''': [[Burien, Washington|Burien]] – [[Southcenter Mall|Southcenter]] – [[Renton, Washington|Renton]] ===Freeway express services=== Metro operates many peak-hour commuter routes serving [[park and ride]]s that use 244.52 miles of the region's network of [[High Occupancy Vehicle lane|High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes]].<ref name="WSDOT07Summary">Washington State Department of Transportation. [http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/manuals/fulltext/m0000/TransitSummary/KingCounty.pdf Summary of Public Transportation - 2007]. November 2008.</ref> This practice was pioneered at Seattle Transit as the ''[[Blue Streak (bus)|Blue Streak]]'' express bus service running between Northgate Park & Ride and Downtown Seattle. Special stops called "freeway flyers" or freeway stations were constructed to allow efficient transfer between local and express buses.<ref>Chapter 2. Bob Lane, Better Than Promised: An Informal History of the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Seattle: King County Department of Metropolitan Services, 1995) http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wtd/docs/better_than_promised/ch02.pdf</ref> The first freeway flyer stop opened in 1975 at Montlake Boulevard and [[Washington State Route 520|State Route 520]].<ref name="Milestones70s">King County Metro. [http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/history/history-1970.html Transit Milestones 1970s]</ref> Metro also takes advantage of new HOV direct-access ramps and freeway stations constructed by Sound Transit to improve speed and reliability of its commuter routes.<ref>King County Department of Transportation. [http://your.kingcounty.gov/kcdot/transtoday/2006news/oct/tt102306.htm New transit/HOV ramps now open at Eastgate] 2007-03-07.</ref><ref>Sound Transit. [http://www.soundtransit.org/x2156.xml ST Express Regional Bus Projects and Related Projects]</ref> [[Fuck Ass Hell Bitch You]] ===Skip-stop spacing=== Metro uses [[skip-stop]] spacing on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Avenues in Downtown Seattle, whereby buses skip every other bus stop. On 3rd Avenue, each bus route is assigned to Blue, Yellow, Red or Green stop groups and each bus stop has two color designations; in the northbound direction, every other bus stop is a Red/Yellow or Green/Blue stop, while in the southbound direction they are Green/Yellow and Red/Blue. On 2nd and 4th Avenues, routes are grouped into Orange and White stops. The bus stop color groupings are identified by a colored plate installed above or on the side of the bus stop sign. On 3rd Avenue only, there are additional colored markers one block ahead of each bus stop on the trolley overhead wires, to help bus drivers identify the colors of the upcoming bus stop.<ref>http://metro.kingcounty.gov/up/sc/rideralert/2011/feb/</ref> === Night Owl services === Metro operates a network of 18 routes with [[Night bus service|late-night "Night Owl"]] service, which is defined as having regular service between midnight and 5 am.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kingcounty.gov/depts/transportation/metro/travel-options/bus/night-owl.aspx|title=Night Owl bus service - King County Metro Transit - King County|last=|first=|date=|website=kingcounty.gov|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref> The Night Owl network is made up of some of Metro’s most popular routes, and is designed to connect neighborhoods with major transportation hubs including downtown Seattle, Sea–Tac Airport, park & ride lots, transit centers, and Link stations (providing service during the hours when trains are not in service). The City of Seattle's transportation benefit district funds service on Night Owl routes that operate entirely within the city limits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/TransitAdvisoryBoard/Presentations/STBD-September2017-ServiceInvestments-TAB.pdf|title=STBD Service Investments September 2017|last=|first=|date=May 24, 2017|website=Seattle Department of Transportation|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=September 24, 2017}}</ref> Routes with Night Owl service include the 3, 5, 7, 11, 36, 44, 48, 49, 65, 67, 70, 120, 124, 180, and the RapidRide A, C, D, and E Lines. ===Operating costs=== {{update|section|date=May 2015}} The cost per boarding for Metro was $4.10 in 2005, compared to $2.50 among the country's 15 largest transit agencies and $2.97, the national average. Metro's cost per boarding is 38% above the national average.<ref name="MuniReview08">[http://www.munileague.org/about-us/press-releases/Metro%20Report.pdf Review of Metro Transit, Municipal League of King County] (November 2008)</ref> Metro's higher-than-average cost per boarding can be at least partially attributed to its high percentage of commuter routes, which run at peak hours only, and often only in one direction at a time. As of 2011, 100 of Metro's 223 routes are peak-only. These routes require significant [[Dead mileage|deadheading]] (particularly on the one-way routes), as well as a very large [[part-time]] labor force, both of which drive up costs.<ref>[http://www.transportchicago.org/uploads/5/7/2/0/5720074/7-the_case_for_peak_pricing_on_public_transit.pdf Public Transit and the Time Based Fare Structure], p29-32, sections "Peaked Demand for Transit Service Creates Operational Inefficiencies", "Scheduling Labor to Accommodate Peak Demand is More Expensive", & "Part-Time Transit Employees May Cost More in Long Run"</ref> Metro's lowest-cost route overall, route 4 (East Queen Anne to Judkins Park), had a cost per boarding of only $0.46 during peak hours in 2009. By way of contrast, Metro's peak-only route with the lowest cost per boarding was route 206 (Newport Hills to International School), at $2.04. Metro's highest cost route by this measure, route 149 (Renton Transit Center to Black Diamond), had a peak time cost of $34.47 per boarding. Route 149 serves the rural southeastern corner of King County.<ref>[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/reports/2009/2009-RtPerf.pdf 2009 route performance report]</ref> In 2007 it cost $3.64 per boarding to deliver service in the West (Seattle) subarea, $4.79 in the South subarea and $7.27 in the East subarea of King County.<ref name="MuniReview08" /> At the end of 2008, the systemwide cost per boarding was $3.70.<ref name='metrofacts'>{{cite web|url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/transportation/kcdot/MetroTransit/Facts.aspx |title=Facts |accessdate=2009-07-09 |date=2009-04-16 |publisher=King County Metro }}</ref> ==Fares== King County Metro has two fare zones, the city of Seattle city limits being one zone and all other areas of King County being the other. Peak hour fares are in effect from 6-9 am and 3-6 pm Monday-Friday. The King County Metro fares as of 1 March 2015 are:<ref name=Fares>{{cite web|title=Fares & ORCA - King County Metro Transit|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/fares/|publisher=King County Metro|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref> {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" |- ! rowspan="2" | Fare type!! Off-peak !! colspan="2" | Peak |- !All Zones !1 zone !2 zones |- | '''Adult''' || $2.50 || $2.75 || $3.25 |- | '''Senior (65+) / Disabled / Medicare'''<br> <small>(Regional Reduced Fare Permit required)</small> || colspan=3|$1 |- | '''Low-income'''<br><small>(ORCA LIFT card required)</small> || colspan=3|$1.50 |- | '''Youth'''<br><small>(6–18 years)</small>|| colspan=3|$1.50 |- | '''Children'''<br><small>(under 6)</small> || colspan="3" | Up to 4 free with paid Adult fare |} === Fare history === One-way fare (Peak, 1 Zone), with year of rate change:<ref name=frhftntth>{{cite web|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/reports/2014/transit-fares-report.pdf |publisher=King County Metro |title=Report on Transit fares: Metro fare history |date=August 2014 |page=18 |accessdate=2015-11-21}}</ref> {{col-float}} *2015: [[United States dollar|$]]2.75 *2012: $2.50 *2010: $2.25 *2009: $2 *2008: $1.75 *2001: $1.50 *1998: $1.25 *1993: $1.10 {{col-float-break}} *1991: $1 *1989: 75¢ *1985: 65¢ *1982: 60¢ <small>(peak fares introduced)</small> *1980: 50¢ *1979: 40¢ *1977: 30¢ *1973: 20¢ {{col-float-end}} == Facilities == {{Main article|List of King County Metro facilities}} === Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel === {{Main article|Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel}} [[File:Metro bus and Link light rail passing at University Street Station (2010).jpg|left|thumb|University Street Station]] A major Metro facility is the [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]] (DSTT), a 1.3-mile-long, five-station tunnel that allows seven bus routes and [[Central Link]] [[light rail]] trains to travel under the heart of downtown Seattle. The tunnel was completed in 1990 at a cost of $455 million.<ref name="historylink1">{{cite web|last=Crowley|first=Walt|authorlink=Walt Crowley|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=2700|title=Metro transit begins excavating downtown Seattle transit tunnel on March 6, 1987|publisher=HistoryLink.org|date=October 1, 2000|accessdate=2009-11-29}}</ref> While it was planned from the outset to be convertible to use by trains, the tunnel began operation with a fleet of 236 [[Ansaldobreda, S.P.A.|Breda]] dual-mode buses that operated using a diesel motor on city streets and an electric motor (with power fed by overhead [[Trolleybus|trolley wire]]) in the tunnel. In 2004, Metro switched to hybrid-electric buses that operate in a mostly electric "hush mode" while in the tunnel. The tunnel was closed between fall 2005 and fall 2007 to prepare it for light rail trains.<ref name="tunnelreopen">{{cite web | title = Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel to reopen Sept. 24 | date = September 2007 | url = http://metro.kingcounty.gov/up/sc/rideralert/pdf/TunnelReopeningFINAL.pdf | format = pdf | accessdate = 2009-03-04}}</ref> Crews lowered the roadway to match the height of Central Link's low-floor light rail vehicles, replaced the overhead trolley wire with catenary wire, and built a stub tunnel where trains could reverse direction and allowed for construction of the [[University Link]] extension to the north (which was completed in 2016). The tunnel finished its retrofit and returned to service on September 24, 2007<ref name="tunnelreopen"/> and light rail trains began service on July 18, 2009. Bus service in the tunnel could end as soon as 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bhatt|first1=Sanjay|title=King County Metro, convention center reach $147M deal on site’s sale|accessdate=February 6, 2016|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|date=November 18, 2015}}</ref> A project to expand the Washington State Convention Center will prevent buses from being able to access or layover at the north end of the tunnel. At that point, the tunnel will be used exclusively by light rail trains. As of September 10, 2016, the following routes operate in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel during tunnel operating hours:<ref>{{cite web|title=Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/tops/tunnel/|publisher=King County Metro|accessdate=September 10, 2016}}</ref> {{col-float}} '''King County Metro:''' * 41 ([[Northgate, Seattle|Northgate]], [[Lake City, Seattle|Lake City]]) * 74 ([[University District, Seattle|U District]], [[Sand Point, Seattle|Sand Point]]) <small>''(weekday peak hours only)''</small> * 101 ([[Renton, Washington|Renton]]) * 102 (South Renton, [[Cascade-Fairwood, Washington|Fairwood]]) <small>''(weekday peak hours only)''</small> * 150 ([[Westfield Southcenter|Southcenter]], [[Kent, Washington|Kent]]) * 255 ([[Kirkland, Washington|Kirkland]]) {{col-float-break}} '''Sound Transit:''' * [[Central Link Light Rail]] * [[Sound Transit Express]] 550 ([[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]]) {{col-float-end}} ===Transit centers=== While Downtown Seattle is Metro's main transit hub, transit centers act as smaller regional hubs and are served by many bus routes. Some transit centers also offer a [[park-and-ride]] facility. Metro operates out of several transit centers located throughout King County, some of which are shared with [[Sound Transit]] and other county agencies.<ref name="2007AMR">{{cite web|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/reports/2007/2007-QMRyearend.pdf |title=2007 Annual Management Report |accessdate=2009-02-14 |date=December 14, 2007 |format=pdf |publisher=King County Department of Transportation}}</ref> ===Park-and-ride lots=== In King County, Metro has 132 [[Park and ride|park-and-ride]] facilities containing a total of 24,524 parking stalls.<ref name='metrofacts' /> Half of the lots are leased from other property owners such as churches.<ref name="2007AMR" /> === Operations bases and facilities === Metro stores and maintains buses at seven [[Bus garage|bases]] (garages), spread throughout its {{convert|2134|sqmi|km2|adj=on}} operating area. In addition to the bases, maintenance of the fleet and operation of the system are supported by several other facilities. == Funding measures == ===Transit Now=== In April 2006, King County Executive [[Ron Sims]] announced a program entitled "Transit Now" that, once approved by voters, would provide for a 20 percent increase in transit service by the end of 2016 over 2006 service levels, measured in annual operating hours. In order to realize this growth, Transit Now proposed an increase in the local option sales tax for transit of one-tenth of one percent. The Transit Now ordinance,<ref>[http://www.metrokc.gov/kcdot/transitnow/ordinance.pdf King County Ordinance 15582]</ref> passed by the King County Council on September 5, 2006, and signed by Executive Sims on September 11, 2006, forwarded the tax proposition to the voters and identified the programs to which operating revenue generated from the sales tax increase could be appropriated. The measure was approved by 56.62% of King County voters in the November 2007 general election. The service programs identified in the ordinance are as follows: # Implementation of RapidRide routes in five arterial corridors. # Increase service on high-ridership routes that provide frequent, two-way connections throughout the agency's service area. # Service for growing areas in outlying suburban/[exurban] areas. # Partnerships with cities and major employers to provide more service than could otherwise be provided through typical resources. # Additional improvements such as expanded ride-share and paratransit services in King County. === Proposition 1 === In November 2014, Seattle voters passed Proposition 1 with 59% support. It uses $45 million in new annual funds from a 0.1% sales tax raise and a $60 annual car-tab fee to add King County Metro bus service within the City of Seattle.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lindblom|first1=Mike|title=Metro bus service to get boost with passage of Prop. 1|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/metro-bus-service-to-get-boost-with-passage-of-prop-1/|accessdate=17 May 2015|work=The Seattle Times|date=November 4, 2014}}</ref> ==Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)== Collaborating with several local jurisdictions, Metro was an early adopter of [[Bus priority|Transit Signal Priority]] (TSP), a system that can extend [[traffic signal|green lights]] to allow buses to get through. The system can boost average speeds as much as 8% and is in use on several of the city's busiest corridors, including Aurora Avenue North, Rainier Avenue S and Lake City Way NE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/up/archives/2001/tsp.html |title=Transit Signal Priority tests a success,more signal synchronization planned countywide |accessdate=2009-02-14|date=2001-02-15|publisher=King County Department of Transportation}}</ref> The system uses RFID tags that are read as buses approach a TSP equipped intersection. In 1998, the fleet was updated with an [[Automatic Vehicle Location]] (AVL) system that utilizes battery-powered beacons that read the RFID tags and communicate the buses location to Metro. In 2010, the AVL system was replaced with a GPS-based system as part of a system-wide radio update.<ref>[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008597809_snowresponse07m0.html City never responded to Metro's request to plow routes, bus chief says]. Emily Heffter. Seattle Times. 2009-01-07. Accessed 2009-05-06.</ref> As a part of the radio update Metro also added automated next stop signs and announcements to all buses.<ref>Page 3. [http://your.kingcounty.gov/kcdot/aboutus/intransit/InTransit_08Jul-Aug.pdf In Transit Newsletter, July/August 2008 issue]. King County Department of Transportation.</ref> In 2010, Metro rolled out a new [[Internet Protocol|IP]] network based ITS infrastructure for its [[RapidRide]] service. Buses will communicate with roadside equipment using [[802.11]] wireless technology on the 4.9 [[GHz]] public safety band. A [[Optical fiber|fiber optic]] [[Backhaul (telecommunications)|backhaul]] connects access points and roadside equipment together to Metro's Communication Center. The system will extend the legacy RFID-based TSP system. It will also be used in conjunction with GPS technology to provide frequent and accurate location updates for next bus arrival signs at RapidRide stations. The extent of Metro's application of [[intelligent transportation systems]] (ITS) for transit information available for customers has been limited to a few projects: * An early project called [http://www.mybus.org MyBus] by the [[University of Washington]] (UW) utilized the tracking data to provide real-time bus information. This is now hosted by Metro under the name [http://metro.kingcounty.gov/oltools/tracker.html Tracker]. An improved version of MyBus called [http://www.onebusaway.org OneBusAway], developed by a UW graduate student, combines Tracker information with Google Maps. The [[Android (operating system)|Android]] version of OneBusAway was developed by [[Paul Watts]], a [[Seattle]] entrepreneur and programmer. * [http://www.its.washington.edu/transitwatch/ Transit Watch] displays, like those found in [[Public transport timetables#Dynamic displays|airports and major train stations]], are installed at some transit centers and transfer points to show real-time bus arrival information. *A pilot project provided bus information displays along a city arterial. Metro discontinued the project in 2005, citing the cost of maintenance and technical problems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/up/archives/2005/ledonaurora.html |title=Pilot Project for Real-time Bus Information System on Aurora Avenue North |accessdate=2009-02-14 |date=2005-07-12 |publisher=King County Department of Transportation}}</ref> * Metro has a [http://tripplanner.kingcounty.gov/ regional trip planner] that provides itineraries for transit trips within King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties, including those on Sound Transit services, Washington State Ferries, the Seattle Center Monorail, and the Seattle Streetcar. [[Google Maps]] also provides trip planning using schedule data as part of their [[Google Transit]] service. ===ORCA Card=== {{Main article|ORCA card}} Metro is a participating agency in the regional smart card program called '''ORCA''' ('''O'''ne '''R'''egional '''C'''ard for '''A'''ll). It was launched for public use on April 20, 2009, along with six other transit agencies in the region.<ref>[http://www.kingcounty.gov/transportation/kcdot/NewsCenter/NewsReleases/2009/April/nr041709_orca.aspx ORCA smart card limited rollout gets underway]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ORCA: FAQ|url=http://www.orcacard.com/ERG-Seattle/p3_001.do?m=3|accessdate=24 January 2012}}</ref> ===Bus stop technology=== RapidRide stations as well as major bus stops in Downtown Seattle are also receiving what Metro calls a "Tech Pylon", a free standing wireless-capable kiosk, that has next bus arrival signs and an ORCA validator for off-board fare payment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/itswa/2k8MtgPres/AnnualMtg/KCM_ITS_presentation%20for%20ITS%20WA.ppt |title=King County Metro Transit ITS |accessdate=2009-05-06 |date=2008-12-12 |format=ppt |publisher=King County Department of Transportation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.region43.org/documents/700MHz/20090429MeetingSlides.ppt |title=King County Metro Transit ITS |accessdate=2009-05-06 |date=2009-04-29 |format=ppt |publisher=Region 43 Regional Review Committees - State of Washington}}</ref> ==Fleet== {{Main article|King County Metro fleet}} As of 2017, King County Metro operates the 10th largest fleet of buses in the United States, with a total of 1,540 buses.<ref name="METRO Mag Survey" /> The agency has pioneered technologies in widespread use today. In 1978, Metro was the first large transit agency to order high-capacity [[articulated bus]]es (buses with a rotating joint).<ref>{{cite web|last=Oldham|first=Kit|title=Metro: Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7813|date=June 18, 2006|work=[[HistoryLink]]|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref> Today, King County Metro has one of the largest articulated fleets in [[North America]] (second only to [[MTA New York City Transit]]) and articulated buses account for about 42% of the agencies fleet.<ref name="2012 Report" /> In 1979, the agency ordered some of the first [[wheelchair lift]] equipped coaches in the nation,<ref>{{cite web|last=Voris|first=Michael|title=The evolution of Metro buses - video transcript|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/boneyardtour-060308.html|work=Metro Online|publisher=King County Metro|accessdate=20 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Crowley|first=Walt|title=Routes: an interpretive history of public transportation in metropolitan Seattle|year=1993|publisher=Crowley Associates|location=Seattle|pages=2, 3}}</ref> promising a completely new level of independence for [[disabled]] residents. Early lifts were severely flawed, but by the mid-1980s the lifts were generally reliable and were ordered on all new buses. Metro's entire fleet has been wheelchair-accessible since 1999. Metro was reluctant to adopt [[low-floor]] buses, not buying any until 2003. Low-floor coaches have slightly reduced [[seating capacity]] (because the [[wheelwell]]s intrude further into the passenger compartment) which may have been a concern. Whatever the reason for the delay, Metro has now embraced low-floor buses and all new fleet additions since 2003 have been low-floor and the last high-floor buses are scheduled to be retired in 2018. ===Trolleys=== {{See also|Trolleybuses in Seattle}} [[File:Seattle New Flyer XT40 trolleybus in 2015.jpg|thumbnail|Metro's first low-floor trolleybuses, New Flyer Xcelsior model XT40 vehicles, entered service in 2015.]] Metro maintains a fleet of [[trolleybus|electric trolleybuses]] that serve 15 routes along almost 70 miles<ref name='metrofacts' /> of two-direction [[overhead lines|overhead wire]]. This is the second largest trolleybus system in the United States by ridership<ref name='apta2009q1trolley'>{{cite web|url=http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2009_q1_ridership_APTA.pdf |title=APTA Ridership Report: First Quarter 2009 - Trolleybus Agencies |accessdate=2009-11-17 |date=June 8, 2009 |format=PDF |work=Public Transportation Ridership Statistics |publisher=[[American Public Transportation Association]] }}</ref> and fleet size.<ref name="janes2009">Webb, Mary (Ed.) (2009). ''Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009-2010''. Coulsdon, Surrey (UK): [[Jane's Information Group]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7106-2903-6}}.</ref> The trolleybuses are valued by Metro both as zero-emission vehicles,<ref>[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/vehicles.html Metro Vehicles] King County Metro.</ref> and as vehicles well adapted to [[Seven hills of Seattle|Seattle's hilly terrain]]. Metro's trolleybus fleet consists of 174 entirely [[low-floor bus|low-floor]] [[New Flyer Industries|New Flyer]] Xcelsior coaches.<ref name="launches next-generation trolleys">{{cite web|url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/elected/executive/constantine/News/release/2015/August/18-metro-electric-trolleys.aspx|title=King County launches next generation of electric trolleys and previews new battery-powered bus|date=August 18, 2015|publisher=King County Metro|accessdate=2016-05-03}}</ref> Of the total, 110 are {{convert|40|ft|m|adj=on}} vehicles (model XT40) and 64 are {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}}, articulated buses (model XT60).<ref name="launches next-generation trolleys" /> The buses include an [[auxiliary power unit]], to allow them to operate off-wire for up to {{convert|3|mi}}. Occasionally Metro will use diesel or diesel-electric hybrid coaches on trolley routes. Reasons for doing this include construction (weekends only),<ref name="trolleyconstruction">{{cite web|url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/transportation/kcdot/MetroTransit/Construction/Trolley%20Buses.aspx |title=Trolley buses |accessdate=2009-08-05 |date=December 5, 2008 |publisher=King County Metro }}</ref> overhead wire maintenance or events that require coaches to go long distances off-route, "coach changes" (replacing a bus in service that has developed a problem) or to add temporary additional capacity. The latter two cases sometimes lead to diesel buses being used, in order to get the replacement or supplementary vehicle into service as quickly as possible; diesel buses can reach the point of entry into service faster, as they do not need to follow the overhead wires when [[Dead mileage|deadheading]]. ===Diesel-electric hybrids=== [[File:King County Metro DE60LF 2648.jpg|thumbnail|New Flyer DE60LF diesel-electric parallel hybrid bus operated by King County Metro]] Metro operates the largest fleet of [[hybrid bus]]es in the country. The first hybrid buses were purchased in 2004 for use with routes that operated in the [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]].<ref name='hybridreport'>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/fleettest/pdfs/40585.pdf |title=King County Metro Transit Hybrid Articulated Buses: Final Evaluation Results |accessdate=2009-07-16 |last=Chandler |first=K |author2=K. Walkowicz |date=December 2006 |format=PDF |publisher=[[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]]}}</ref> The [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]] conducted a one-year comparative study between conventional diesel and hybrid-powered buses operating on a typical King County drive cycle. Results showed that the hybrid powered buses lowered fuel consumption by 23%; NOx by 18%; carbon monoxide (CO) by 60%; and total hydrocarbon (THC) by 56% when compared to conventional diesel buses. Those results have led Metro to purchase hybrid buses exclusively since 2005 (with the exception of the all-electric trolley buses).<ref>[http://www.newflyer.com/index/news-app/story.47 "New Flyer Receives Order for Up To 715 Buses From King County Metro Totaling Up To US $514 Million"]</ref><ref name='auburnorion'>{{cite news | first= | last= | author2= |authorlink= | title=Federal stimulus grant delivers more buses for Metro | date= July 14, 2009| publisher= | url =http://www.pnwlocalnews.com/south_king/aub/business/50786482.html | work =Auburn Reporter | pages = | accessdate = 2009-08-08 | language = }}</ref> Metro now has over 700 hybrid buses in the fleet, with more on order. ====Hush mode==== Buses equipped with the [[General Motors|GM]]-[[Allison Transmission|Allison]] E^P50 and the Allison H 50 EP [[parallel hybrid]] systems have a special "hush mode" that allows the buses to operate solely on electric power, reducing tailpipe emissions and noise while operating in the [[Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel]].<ref name='hybridreport' /> Before entering the tunnel, the operator pushes a button that puts the coach into hush mode. While buses are inside stations, the coaches operate solely on electric propulsion (although, while the doors are closed, the engine still rotates in order to operate auxiliary loads). In between the tunnel's stations, the bus uses electric traction to get to {{convert|15|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, after which a combination of the electric and diesel motors are used. The operation of the diesel engine allows the batteries to recharge. Hush mode is normally deactivated by the operator as they exit the tunnel, but the mode will be automatically deactivated after the coach has traveled a certain distance. ====Series hybrids==== [[File:King County Metro Orion VII 7199.JPG|thumbnail|Orion VII diesel-electric series hybrid bus operated by King County Metro]] Metro's newest buses are equipped with the [[BAE Systems]] HybriDrive, a [[series hybrid]] system.<ref name="Orion/New Flyer Transfer">{{cite news|last1=Piellisch|first1=Rich|title=New Flyer Hybrids for Seattle|url=http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/fuels/hybrids/2013/02/new-flyer-hybrids-for-seattle/|work=Fleets and Fuels|accessdate=August 4, 2014|date=February 12, 2013}}</ref> In these buses an electric motor turns the wheels, with power provided by a generator attached to a diesel engine and [[Regenerative brake|regenerative breaking]]. Any excess power is stored in batteries on the roof of the bus. Because the diesel engine is not directly propelling the bus, it can operate at a more steady, fuel-efficient speed. Buses delivered after 2014 are equipped with the upgraded HybriDrive Series-E which uses electrically powered accessory systems (alternator, air conditioning, air compressor, cooling fans and steering pump) to increase fuel efficiency and allow the diesel engine to stop when the bus is stopped and the batteries are sufficiently charged. ===Battery electric buses=== Upholding their history of adopting new technologies to help increase efficiency and cut down on emissions, Metro has begun testing three new [[Proterra, Inc.|Proterra]] Catalyst [[battery electric bus]]es.<ref name="Metro Electric Vehicles Article">{{cite web|last= Constantine|first= Dow|title= King County launches next generation of electric trolleys and previews new battery-powered bus|date= August 18, 2015|publisher=King County Metro|url=http://kingcounty.gov/elected/executive/constantine/News/release/2015/August/18-metro-electric-trolleys.aspx|accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref> The coaches are capable of traveling over 26 miles<ref>{{cite web|author1=Proterra|title=Proterra Specifications|url=http://www.proterra.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Proterra-Specifications.pdf|accessdate=August 29, 2014|date=July 2014}}</ref> before the battery needs to be recharged. A special fast charge station located at the Eastgate Park and Ride allow the bus to be fully recharged in under 10 minutes, during the driver's normally scheduled [[layover]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=Proterra|title=Proterra FAQ|url=http://www.proterra.com/Proterra%20Media%20Kit%20Corporate%20Fact%20Sheet.zip|accessdate=29 August 2014|quote="...fast-charge, which allows the bus to charge in less than 10 minutes during regularly scheduled stops but requires more frequent charging."}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2016}} These new vehicles get the equivalent of 20.8 MPG, which is over 6 times better than the 3.18 MPG seen on Metro's series hybrid electric coaches.<ref name="Battery Bus Fact Sheet">{{cite web|title= Metro to test battery-electric buses|date=Summer 2015|publisher=King County Metro|url=http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/battery-bus/battery-bus-fact-sheet-081715.pdf|accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="eesi hybrid bus analysis">{{cite web|last=Ranganathan|first=Shefali|title= Hybrid buses costs and benefits|publisher=Environmental and Energy Study Institute|url=http://www.eesi.org/files/eesi_hybrid_bus_032007.pdf|date=March 2007|accessdate=13 March 2016}}</ref> The coaches were purchased with support from a $4.7 million [[Federal Transit Administration]] grant and entered service on February 17, 2016.<ref>{{cite press release |date=February 17, 2016 |title=Executive Constantine launches Metro Transit’s first all-electric battery-powered bus |url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/elected/executive/constantine/News/release/2016/February/17-battery-bus-launch.aspx |publisher=King County Metro |accessdate=February 17, 2016}}</ref> They will operate from King County Metro's Bellevue Base in [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]], and will be tested on shorter routes (due to their limited range) across the [[Eastside (King County, Washington)|eastside]].<ref name="Battery Bus Fact Sheet"/> This testing will continue for a period of about one year, after which Metro has the option to purchase up to 200 new vehicles over the following five years.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Proterra|title=Seattle Area Transit Agency Chooses Proterra for EV Transit Program|url=http://www.proterra.com/seattle-area-transit-agency-chooses-proterra-for-ev-transit-program/|date=August 21, 2014|accessdate=March 13, 2016}}</ref> If the tests are deemed a success, battery electric buses could be used to replace the oldest diesel-powered coaches in the fleet. ===Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association=== Metro has a special fleet of more than a dozen historic [[motor bus]]es and [[trolleybus]]es ranging from ones built in the late 1930s and early 1940s through to ones only recently retired. The coaches are restored, maintained and operated under an agreement with the Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association (MEHVA), a non-profit organization formed in 1981.<ref name="mehva-times">{{cite news|last=Tan|first=Vinh|title= Take a ride down memory lane — or to see fall foliage — aboard a vintage transit bus|date=October 15, 2009|newspaper=[[The Seattle Times]]|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/outdoors/2010064974_nwwbus15.html|accessdate=2010-06-16}}</ref> Metro maintains ownership of the historic fleet, providing coverage under its fleet self-insurance along with storage, work space and parts on an as available basis. Money to operate the coaches and purchase parts not in Metro stock is generated by selling tickets to public excursions. The first trips took place in 1984, and nowadays MEHVA typically operates six to eight per year.<ref name="mehva-times" /> Each excursion has a different route and a different emphasis. MEHVA was established in 1981, as Metro prepared to retire trolleybuses that had been operating in Seattle since the 1940s. Since that time, MEHVA acquired other retired transit vehicles which were formerly operated in King County. Often these retired coaches were purchased by private citizens and left on the owner's property for many decades, leaving them in need of restoration. The collection of vehicles has gradually expanded over time, with the addition of newly retired buses when deemed historically notable and not yet represented in the collection. ==Programs== *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/aas/adopt.html Adopt-A-Stop ] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/sheltermural/shelter_mural.html Bus Shelter Mural Program] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/mi/moveit.html Move It! Youth Project] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/partners/partners.html Partners in Transit] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/poetry/poetry.html Poetry on Buses]<ref>The Poetry on Buses program has, since 1992, "inspired residents of [[King County, Washington|King]], [[Pierce County, Washington|Pierce]], [[Kitsap County, Washington|Kitsap]] and [[Snohomish County, Washington|Snohomish]] Counties to participate in this program that serves as a national model." Selected poems are displayed on interior bus placards, and selected poets receive an [[honorarium]] for the poems' use.</ref> *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/recycle/recycle.html Recycling Program] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/kids/school.html School Program] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/smartcard/smartcard.html Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project (Smart Card)] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/smartbus/smartbus.html On-Board Systems/Communications Center System Project] ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commonscat-inline|King County Metro Transit}} *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/ Metro Transit] *[http://www.onebusaway.org/ OneBusAway] *[http://www.mehva.org Metro Employees Historic Vehicle Association (MEHVA)] *[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=2702 Seattle Tunnel on History Link] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/oltools/tracker.html Metro Tracker Applications] *[http://www.mybus.org mybus.org] *[http://www.busmonster.com Bus Monster] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/prog/smartcard/smartcard.html Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/am/vehicles/smartbus/smartbus.html Metro/Sound Transit Smart Bus Project] *[http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/fleettest/pdfs/40585.pdf Comparative study between Diesel and GM Hybrid bus fleets operating in Seattle (King County)] *[http://metro.kingcounty.gov/tops/oto/water_taxi.html Elliott Bay Water Taxi] *[http://metropolitantour.com/king-county-metro-trip-planner/ Why You Should Trust King County Metro Trip Planner] {{Puget Sound Transit}} [[Category:Sound Transit]] [[Category:Bus transportation in Washington (state)]] [[Category:Government of King County, Washington|Metro]] [[Category:Transit authorities with hybrid buses]] [[Category:Transit authorities with alternative-fuel vehicles]] [[Category:Transportation in King County, Washington]] [[Category:Transportation in Seattle]] [[Category:1973 establishments in Washington (state)]] [[Category:King County Metro| ]]'