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'{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} {{Infobox government agency | name = Survey of India <br>({{lang-hi|भारतीय सर्वेक्षण विभाग}}) |type = |seal = |seal_caption = |logo = |logo_caption = |formed = 1767 |dissolved = |jurisdiction = [[Greater India]] (1793&ndash;1851) <br> [[British India]] (1851&ndash;1947) <br> [[Republic of India]] (From 1947) |headquarters = [[Dehradun]] |region_code = | employees = | budget = | chief1_name = | chief1_position = | chief2_name = | chief2_position = | chief3_name = | chief3_position = | chief4_name = | chief4_position = | chief5_name = | chief5_position = | chief6_name = | chief6_position = | chief7_name = | chief7_position = | chief8_name = | chief8_position = | chief9_name = | chief9_position = | parent_department = |keydocument1 = |website = https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/ |map = |map_caption = |footnotes = |agency_name = Survey of India |nativename = |nativename_a = |nativename_r = |logo_width = |seal_width = |picture = |picture_width = |picture_caption = |superseding = |map_width = }} [[File:1870_Index_Chart_to_GTS_India-1.jpg|thumb|right|400px|A map showing the triangles and transects used in the [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] (1802-1852), produced in 1870.]] [[File:SurveyOfIndia.png|thumb|right|200px|Old logo of the Survey of India]] [https://ibb.co/cnmqqR] [[SURVEY OF INDIA EMBLEM]] [[File:GeorgeEverest.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Surveyor-General of India [[George Everest]] (b.1790-d.1866) under whom [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] (1802-1852) was completed and [[Mount Everest]] was named in his honour by [[Andrew Scott Waugh]].]] The '''Survey of India''' ({{lang-hi|भारतीय सर्वेक्षण विभाग}}) is [[India]]'s central engineering agency in charge of [[Cartography|mapping]] and [[surveying]].<ref name=si1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/india/on-250th-birthday-survey-of-india-wants-to-shed-its-cloak-of-secrecy/ On 250th birthday, Survey of India wants to shed its cloak of secrecy], [[Indian Express]].</ref> Set up in 1767<ref name=si2>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA63&dq=St.+Peter%27s+Church+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=irMpUu_CN-XsiAfesIHgDg&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=St.%20Peter's%20Church%20allahabad&f=false St. Peter Church Allahabad].</ref> to help consolidate the territories of the [[British East India Company]], it is one of the oldest Engineering Departments of the [[Government of India]]. The Survey of India's distinguished history includes the handling of the mammoth [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] under [[William Lambton]] and [[George Everest]] and the discovery of [[Mt. Everest]].<ref name=si2/> Its members are from [[Survey of India Service]] cadre of [[Civil Services of India]]. It is headed by the [[Surveyor General of India]]. SI ([[Cartography of India|cartography]]) as well as [[Archaeological Survey of India|ASI]] ([[Archaeology in India|archaeology]]), [[Botanical Survey of India|BSI]] ([[Flora of India|botany]]), [[Forest Survey of India|FSI]] ([[Forestry in India|forests]]), [[Fishery Survey of India|FiSI]] ([[Fishing|fisheries]]), [[Geological Survey of India|GSI]] ([[Geology of India|geology]]), [[Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment|IIEE]] ([[Environmental issues in India|ecology]]), [[National Institute of Oceanography, India|NIO]] ([[Indian_Ocean#Oceanography|oceanography]]), [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|RGCCI]] ([[Census of India]]) and [[Zoological Survey of India|ZSI]] ([[Wildlife of India|zoology]]) are key national survey organisations of India. ==History== [[File:Radhanath_Sikdar.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Radhanath Sikdar]], a mathematician who first calculated the height of [[Mount Everest]] in 1852.]] The history of the Survey of India dates back to the 18th Century. "First modern scientific survey of India" was undertaken by W. Mather in 1793&ndash;96 on instructions of Superintendent of Salem and Baramahal, [[Alexander Read|Col. Alexander Read]]. The present [[Dharmapuri district]], [[Krishnagiri district]] and [[North Arcot]] in western [[Tamilnadu]] were then called Baramahal.<ref name=si3>Baramahal records Vol.I P.220, In Letter Dated 04.10.1797 The British Government appreciated Col. Alexander Read.</ref> [[File:William_Lambton.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[William Lambton]] (1753 &ndash; 19 January 1823) started [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] (1802&ndash;1852).]] [[Great Trigonometrical Survey]] (1802&ndash;1852) was started by British surveyor Col. [[William Lambton]] on 10 April 1802 from [[St. Thomas Mount]] in [[Chennai]] to [[Indian Himalayan Region|foothills of Himalayas]]. 36 inch huge half ton weight [[Theodolite]] was used, which took 57 days to measure the 12-km base line. This 5-decade project was completed under Survey General [[George Everest|Lt. George Everest]] in the year 1852. Surveyor [[Radhanath Sikdar]] measured [[Mount Everest]] in 1852, with a height of 29,002&nbsp;feet. Modern measurements indicate the height is 29,037&nbsp;feet. This is regarded as the beginning of systematic topographical mapping in India and the founding of one of the oldest survey and mapping agencies in the world. ==Organization== The Survey of India, headquartered at [[Dehra Dun]], has 18 civil engineering divisions ranging from the prediction of [[tide]]s to [[aerial survey]]. It has 23 Geo-spatial Data Centers spread across India, each catering to the respective administrative area.Surveyors are the back bone of Survey of India. Appointments to Group 'A' Civil Engineering posts in the Junior Time Scale in Survey of India are made on the basis of competitive [[Indian Engineering Services]] examination conducted by the [[Union Public Service Commission]]. The important Civil Engineering posts and Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering posts in [[Survey of India Service]], divided between SIS (Civil) and SIS (EC & TE), are as follows in the increasing order of seniority: [[Draftsman]], [[Plane Tabler]], [[Survey Assistant]], [[Surveying|Surveyor]], [[Officer Surveyor]], [[Deputy Superintending Surveyor]], [[Superintending Surveyor]], [[Superintending Surveyor]] (Non-Functional Second Grade)/Deputy Director, Director/Deputy Surveyor General, Additional Surveyor General, [[Surveyor General]]. ==Responsibilities== * '''Advisor to Govt:''' Survey of India acts as adviser to the Government of India on all [[cartography of India]] related matters, such as [[geodesy]], [[photogrammetry]], [[Cartography|mapping]] and [[Cartography#Map_symbology|map reproduction]]. * '''Geo names:''' Survey of India is responsible for the [[naming convention]] and spellings of names of [[Geography of India|geographical features of India]]. * '''Certification and publication:''' Scrutiny and certification of external boundaries of India and Coastline on maps published by the other agencies including private publishers. Publication of [[tide table]]s (one year in advance) and maps of India. * '''Surveys:''' [[geodetic datum]], [[geodetic control network]], [[Topographic map|topographical control]], [[geophysical survey]]s, [[cadastral surveying]], [[geologic map]]s, [[aeronautical chart]]s within India, such as for forests, army cantonments, large scale cities, guide maps, developmental or conservation projects, etc. * '''National borders:''' Demarcation of the [[Category:Borders of India|borders]] and [[Exclusive_economic_zone#India|external boundaries]] of India as well as advice on the demarcation of inter-state boundaries. * '''Oceanic tidal prediction:''' Undertake prediction of [[tide]]s at [[Ports in India|44 ports]] including [[List_of_countries_with_overseas_military_bases#India|14 foreign ports]]. * '''Research and development:''' In the area of [[photogrammetry]], cartography, geodesy, topographical surveys and indigenisation of technology. * '''Training:''' Training for the central and state government departments as well as from foreign countries. ==Maps== Survey of India publishes maps and the unrestricted category maps can be obtained at very affordable prices from its several Geo-spatial data centers. Restricted category maps require due approval from government authorities. Many other rules govern the sale and use of Survey of India maps. Only an Indian citizen may purchase [[topographic map]]s and these may not be exported from India for any reason.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} == External links == * [https://deeppradhan.heliohost.org/gis/indian-grid/ India Grid System]: the [[coordinate system]] used by Survey of India. * [https://deeppradhan.heliohost.org/gis/map-numbering/osm.htm Open Series Map (OSM)]: new map numbering system introduced as per the [http://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/files/nmp/National%20Map%20Policy.pdf National Map Policy of 2005] by Survey of India. * [https://deeppradhan.heliohost.org/gis/map-numbering/iac.htm India and Adjacent Countries (IAC)]: old map numbering system used previously by Survey of India * [http://goidirectory.nic.in Directory of Indian Government websites]. ==See also== * [[Indian Institute of Surveying & Mapping]] (IIS&M) * [[Survey of India Service]] * [[Cartography of India]] * [[Linguistic Survey of India]] ==References== * Reginald Henry Phillimore, ''Historical Records of the Survey of India,'' 5 vols. Dehra Dun, Survey of India (1945–1968) {{Reflist}} [[Category:Surveying of India]] [[Category:National mapping agencies]] [[Category:1767 establishments in Great Britain]] [[Category:Government agencies of India]] [[Category:Executive branch of the Indian government]] [[Category:Organisations based in Dehradun]] [[Category:Geodesy organizations]] [[Category:Government of British India]]'