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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Multiple issues|
{{original research|date=April 2010}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
}}
A '''binary-to-text encoding''' is [[code|encoding]] of [[data (computing)|data]] in [[plain text]]. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of [[character (computing)|printable characters]]. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the channel does not allow binary data (such as [[email]] or [[NNTP]]) or is not [[8-bit clean]]. [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] documentation ({{IETF RFC|4880}}) uses the term '''ASCII armor''' for binary-to-text encoding when referring to [[Base64]].
==Description==
The [[ASCII]] text-encoding standard uses 128 unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in [[English language|English]], plus a selection of [[C0 and C1 control codes|control codes]] which do not represent [[graphic character|printable characters]]. For example, the capital letter ''A'' is ASCII character 65, the numeral ''2'' is ASCII 50, the character ''<nowiki>}</nowiki>'' is ASCII 125, and the [[metacharacter]] ''carriage return'' is ASCII 13. Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally.
In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit [[byte]]s. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit ''text'' and eight-bit ''binary'' data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text. For example, if the value of the eighth bit is not preserved, the program might interpret a byte value above 127 as a flag telling it to perform some function.
It is often desirable, however, to be able to send non-textual data through text-based systems, such as when one might attach an image file to an e-mail message. To accomplish this, the data is encoded in some way, such that eight-bit data is encoded into seven-bit ASCII characters (generally using only alphanumeric and punctuation characters—the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]). Upon safe arrival at its destination, it is then decoded back to its eight-bit form. This process is referred to as binary to text encoding. Many programs perform this conversion to allow for data-transport, such as [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] and [[GNU Privacy Guard]] (GPG).
==Encoding plain text==
Binary-to-text encoding methods are also used as a mechanism for encoding [[plain text]]. For example:
* Some systems have a more limited character set they can handle; not only are they not [[8-bit clean]], some cannot even handle every printable ASCII character.
* Other systems have limits on the number of characters that may appear between [[line break (computing)|line break]]s, such as the "1000 characters per line" limit of some [[SMTP]] software, as allowed by {{IETF RFC|2821}}.
* Still others add [[header (computing)|header]]s or [[trailer (information technology)|trailer]]s to the text.
* A few poorly-regarded but still-used protocols use [[in-band signaling]], causing confusion if specific patterns appear in the message. The best-known is the string "From " (including trailing space) at the beginning of a line used to separate mail messages in the [[mbox]] file format.
By using a binary-to-text encoding on messages that are already plain text, then decoding on the other end, one can make such systems appear to be completely [[Transparency (telecommunication)|transparent]].
This is sometimes referred to as 'ASCII armoring'. For example, the ViewState component of [[ASP.NET]] uses [[base64]] encoding to safely transmit text via HTTP POST,
in order to avoid [[delimiter collision]].
<nowiki></nowiki>
== Encoding standards ==
The table below compares the most used forms of binary-to-text encodings. The efficiency listed is the ratio between number of bits in the input and the number of bits in the encoded output.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Encoding !! Data type !! Efficiency !! Programming language implementations !! Comments
|-
| [[Ascii85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/unix/utils/btoa.c C], [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/asc85.c C (2)], [http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2005/10/c-implementation-of-ascii85.html C#], [http://blog.wezeku.com/2010/07/01/f-ascii85-module/ F#], [http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/ascii85/ Go], [http://java.freehep.org/freehep-io/apidocs/org/freehep/util/io/ASCII85.html Java] [http://b2d-f9r.blogspot.com/2010/05/ascii85-encoder-in-perl-take-2.html Perl], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.a85encode Python], [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || {{space}}
|-
| [[Hexadecimal#Transfer encoding|Base16]] (hexadecimal) || Arbitrary || 50% || Most languages || {{space}}
|-
| [[Base32]] || Arbitrary || 62.5% || [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cyoencode/ ANSI C], [http://commons.apache.org/codec/ Java], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b32encode Python] || {{space}}
|-
| [[Base36]]
| Arbitrary
| ~64%
| [[Base36#bash implementation|bash]], [[Base36#C implementation|C]], [[Base36#C.2B.2B implementation|C++]], [[Base36#C.23 implementation|C#]], [[Base36#Java implementation|Java]], [[Base36#Perl implementation|Perl]], [[Base36#PHP implementation|PHP]], [[Base36#Python implementation|Python]], [[Base36#Visual Basic implementation|Visual Basic]], [[Base36#Swift implementation|Swift]], many others
|Uses the [[Hindu–Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] 0–9 and the [[Latin alphabet|Latin letters]] A–Z (the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]]). Commonly used by [[URL redirection]] systems like [[TinyURL]] or SnipURL/Snipr as compact alphanumeric identifiers.
|-
| [[Base58]] || Integer || ~73% || [https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/base58.h C++], [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/base58 Python] || Similar to Base64, but modified to avoid both non-alphanumeric characters and letters which might look ambiguous when printed.
|-
| [[Base64]] || Arbitrary || 75% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://base64.sourceforge.net/ C], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C (2)], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b64encode Python], many others || {{space}}
|-
| [[Ascii85#RFC 1924 version|Base85]] ({{IETF RFC|1924}}) || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/base85.c C], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b85encode Python] [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || Revised version of [[Ascii85]].
|-
| [[Base91]] || Arbitrary || ~82% || [http://base91.sourceforge.net/ C, Java, PHP, 8086 assembly, AWK] || {{space}}
|-
| [http://blog.kevinalbs.com/base122 Base122]
| Arbitrary
| ~86%
|[https://github.com/kevinAlbs/Base122 JavaScript]
|
|-
| [[BinHex]] || Arbitrary || 75%|| [http://metacpan.org/module/Convert::BinHex Perl], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], [http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/utils/compress/macutils.tar.gz C (2)] || MacOS Classic
|-
| [[.boo]] || Arbitrary || 75+% <ref>http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/boo/ckboo.txt</ref> || C, BASIC, assembly, Pascal<ref name="doupnik19880111">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.88a |title = Announcing MS-DOS Kermit 2.30 |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1988-01-11 |accessdate = 3 March 2016 |author1 = Doupnik, Joe |author2 = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref> || Developed by Columbia University for its Kermit protocol<ref name="dacruz19860320">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.86a |title = Re: Printable Encodings for Binary Files |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1986-03-20 |accessdate = 1 March 2016 |author = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref>
|-
| [[Ascii85#btoa version|Btoa]] || Arbitrary || 80% || || Early form of Ascii85
|-
| [[Intel HEX]] || Arbitrary || ~<50% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips
|-
| [[MIME]] || Arbitrary || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || Encoding container for e-mail-like formatting
|-
| [[S-record]] (Motorola hex) || Arbitrary || 49.6% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips. 49.6% assumes 255 binary bytes per record.
|-
| [[Percent encoding]] || Text ([[URI]]s), Arbitrary ([https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738 RFC1738]) || ~40%{{efn|For arbitrary data; encoding all 189 non-unreserved characters with three bytes, and the remaining 66 characters with one.}} (33–70%{{efn|For text; only encoding each of the 18 reserved characters.}}) || [http://www.geekhideout.com/urlcode.shtml C], [https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse Python], probably many others || {{space}}
|-
| [[Quoted-printable]] || Text || ~33–100%{{efn|1= One byte stored as =XX. Encoding all but the 94 characters which don't need it (incl. space and tab).}} || Probably many || Preserves line breaks; cuts lines at 76 characters
|-
| [[Uuencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~60% ([[Uuencoding#Disadvantages|up to 70%]]) || [[Uuencoding#Support in Perl|Perl]], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], probably many others || Largely replaced by MIME and yEnc
|-
| [[Xxencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~75% (similar to Uuencoding) || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Proposed (and occasionally used) as replacement for Uuencoding to avoid character set translation problems between ASCII and the EBCDIC systems that could corrupt Uuencoded data
|-
| [[yEnc]] || Arbitrary, mostly non-text || ~98% || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Includes a CRC checksum
|-
|-
| [[Ascii85#ZeroMQ Version .28Z85.29|Z85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/zeromq/rfc/blob/master/src/spec_32.c C], [https://github.com/artemkin/z85 C/C++], Python, Ruby, Node.js, Go || ZeroMQ base85; safe for inclusion as string in source code
|-
| {{IETF RFC|1751}} ([[S/KEY]]) || Arbitrary || 33% || C,<ref name="RFC1760" /> [https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/doc/#crypto-util-rfc1751 Python], ...
|
"A Convention for [[Human-readable]] 128-bit Keys". A series of small English words is easier for humans to read, remember, and type in than decimal or other binary-to-text encoding systems.<ref>
{{IETF RFC|1751}}
"A Convention for Human-Readable 128-bit Keys"
</ref>
Each 64-bit number is mapped to six short words, of one to four characters each, from a public 2048-word dictionary.<ref name="RFC1760" >
{{IETF RFC|1760}} "The S/KEY One-Time Password System".
</ref>
|-
|}
The 95 [[isprint]] codes 32 to 126 are known as the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]].
Some older and today uncommon formats include BOO, BTOA, and USR encoding.
Most of these encodings generate text containing only a subset of all [[ASCII]] printable characters: for example, the [[base64]] encoding generates text that only contains upper case and lower case letters, (A–Z, a–z), numerals (0–9), and the "+", "/", and "=" symbols.
Some of these encoding (quoted-printable and percent encoding) are based on a set of allowed characters and a single [[escape character]]. The allowed characters are left unchanged, while all other characters are converted into a string starting with the escape character. This kind of conversion allows the resulting text to be almost readable, in that letters and digits are part of the allowed characters, and are therefore left as they are in the encoded text.
These encodings produce the shortest plain ASCII output for input that is mostly printable ASCII.
Some other encodings ([[base64]], [[uuencoding]]) are based on mapping all possible sequences of six [[bit]]s into different printable characters. Since there are more than 2<sup>6</sup> = 64 printable characters, this is possible. A given sequence of bytes is translated by viewing it as stream of bits, breaking this stream in chunks of six bits and generating the sequence of corresponding characters. The different encodings differ in the mapping between sequences of bits and characters and in how the resulting text is formatted.
Some encodings (the original version of BinHex and the recommended encoding for [[CipherSaber]]) use four bits instead of six, mapping all possible sequences of 4 bits onto the 16 standard [[hexadecimal]] digits.
Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in the source independently to two encoded bytes is simpler than base64's expanding 3 source bytes to 4 encoded bytes.
Out of [[PETSCII]]'s first 192 codes, 164 have visible representations when quoted: 5 (white), 17–20 and 28–31 (colors and cursor controls), 32–90 (ascii equivalent), 91–127 (graphics), 129 (orange), 133–140 (function keys), 144–159 (colors and cursor controls), and 160–192 (graphics).<ref>http://sta.c64.org/cbm64pet.html et al</ref> This theoretically permits encodings, such as base128, between PETSCII-speaking machines.
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Binary-to-text encoding formats| ]]
[[Category:Computer file formats]]
[[Category:Character encoding]]' |
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Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,121 +1,68 @@
-{{Multiple issues|
-{{original research|date=April 2010}}
-{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
-}}
-
-A '''binary-to-text encoding''' is [[code|encoding]] of [[data (computing)|data]] in [[plain text]]. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of [[character (computing)|printable characters]]. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the channel does not allow binary data (such as [[email]] or [[NNTP]]) or is not [[8-bit clean]]. [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] documentation ({{IETF RFC|4880}}) uses the term '''ASCII armor''' for binary-to-text encoding when referring to [[Base64]].
-
-==Description==
-The [[ASCII]] text-encoding standard uses 128 unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in [[English language|English]], plus a selection of [[C0 and C1 control codes|control codes]] which do not represent [[graphic character|printable characters]]. For example, the capital letter ''A'' is ASCII character 65, the numeral ''2'' is ASCII 50, the character ''<nowiki>}</nowiki>'' is ASCII 125, and the [[metacharacter]] ''carriage return'' is ASCII 13. Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally.
-
-In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit [[byte]]s. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit ''text'' and eight-bit ''binary'' data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text. For example, if the value of the eighth bit is not preserved, the program might interpret a byte value above 127 as a flag telling it to perform some function.
-
-It is often desirable, however, to be able to send non-textual data through text-based systems, such as when one might attach an image file to an e-mail message. To accomplish this, the data is encoded in some way, such that eight-bit data is encoded into seven-bit ASCII characters (generally using only alphanumeric and punctuation characters—the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]). Upon safe arrival at its destination, it is then decoded back to its eight-bit form. This process is referred to as binary to text encoding. Many programs perform this conversion to allow for data-transport, such as [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] and [[GNU Privacy Guard]] (GPG).
-
-==Encoding plain text==
-Binary-to-text encoding methods are also used as a mechanism for encoding [[plain text]]. For example:
-* Some systems have a more limited character set they can handle; not only are they not [[8-bit clean]], some cannot even handle every printable ASCII character.
-* Other systems have limits on the number of characters that may appear between [[line break (computing)|line break]]s, such as the "1000 characters per line" limit of some [[SMTP]] software, as allowed by {{IETF RFC|2821}}.
-* Still others add [[header (computing)|header]]s or [[trailer (information technology)|trailer]]s to the text.
-* A few poorly-regarded but still-used protocols use [[in-band signaling]], causing confusion if specific patterns appear in the message. The best-known is the string "From " (including trailing space) at the beginning of a line used to separate mail messages in the [[mbox]] file format.
-By using a binary-to-text encoding on messages that are already plain text, then decoding on the other end, one can make such systems appear to be completely [[Transparency (telecommunication)|transparent]].
-This is sometimes referred to as 'ASCII armoring'. For example, the ViewState component of [[ASP.NET]] uses [[base64]] encoding to safely transmit text via HTTP POST,
-in order to avoid [[delimiter collision]].
-
-<nowiki></nowiki>
-
-== Encoding standards ==
-The table below compares the most used forms of binary-to-text encodings. The efficiency listed is the ratio between number of bits in the input and the number of bits in the encoded output.
-
-{| class="wikitable sortable"
-|-
-! Encoding !! Data type !! Efficiency !! Programming language implementations !! Comments
-|-
-| [[Ascii85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/unix/utils/btoa.c C], [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/asc85.c C (2)], [http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2005/10/c-implementation-of-ascii85.html C#], [http://blog.wezeku.com/2010/07/01/f-ascii85-module/ F#], [http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/ascii85/ Go], [http://java.freehep.org/freehep-io/apidocs/org/freehep/util/io/ASCII85.html Java] [http://b2d-f9r.blogspot.com/2010/05/ascii85-encoder-in-perl-take-2.html Perl], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.a85encode Python], [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || {{space}}
-|-
-| [[Hexadecimal#Transfer encoding|Base16]] (hexadecimal) || Arbitrary || 50% || Most languages || {{space}}
-|-
-| [[Base32]] || Arbitrary || 62.5% || [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cyoencode/ ANSI C], [http://commons.apache.org/codec/ Java], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b32encode Python] || {{space}}
-|-
-| [[Base36]]
-| Arbitrary
-| ~64%
-| [[Base36#bash implementation|bash]], [[Base36#C implementation|C]], [[Base36#C.2B.2B implementation|C++]], [[Base36#C.23 implementation|C#]], [[Base36#Java implementation|Java]], [[Base36#Perl implementation|Perl]], [[Base36#PHP implementation|PHP]], [[Base36#Python implementation|Python]], [[Base36#Visual Basic implementation|Visual Basic]], [[Base36#Swift implementation|Swift]], many others
-|Uses the [[Hindu–Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] 0–9 and the [[Latin alphabet|Latin letters]] A–Z (the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]]). Commonly used by [[URL redirection]] systems like [[TinyURL]] or SnipURL/Snipr as compact alphanumeric identifiers.
-|-
-| [[Base58]] || Integer || ~73% || [https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/base58.h C++], [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/base58 Python] || Similar to Base64, but modified to avoid both non-alphanumeric characters and letters which might look ambiguous when printed.
-|-
-| [[Base64]] || Arbitrary || 75% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://base64.sourceforge.net/ C], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C (2)], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b64encode Python], many others || {{space}}
-|-
-| [[Ascii85#RFC 1924 version|Base85]] ({{IETF RFC|1924}}) || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/base85.c C], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b85encode Python] [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || Revised version of [[Ascii85]].
-|-
-| [[Base91]] || Arbitrary || ~82% || [http://base91.sourceforge.net/ C, Java, PHP, 8086 assembly, AWK] || {{space}}
-|-
-| [http://blog.kevinalbs.com/base122 Base122]
-| Arbitrary
-| ~86%
-|[https://github.com/kevinAlbs/Base122 JavaScript]
-|
-|-
-| [[BinHex]] || Arbitrary || 75%|| [http://metacpan.org/module/Convert::BinHex Perl], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], [http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/utils/compress/macutils.tar.gz C (2)] || MacOS Classic
-|-
-| [[.boo]] || Arbitrary || 75+% <ref>http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/boo/ckboo.txt</ref> || C, BASIC, assembly, Pascal<ref name="doupnik19880111">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.88a |title = Announcing MS-DOS Kermit 2.30 |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1988-01-11 |accessdate = 3 March 2016 |author1 = Doupnik, Joe |author2 = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref> || Developed by Columbia University for its Kermit protocol<ref name="dacruz19860320">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.86a |title = Re: Printable Encodings for Binary Files |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1986-03-20 |accessdate = 1 March 2016 |author = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref>
-|-
-| [[Ascii85#btoa version|Btoa]] || Arbitrary || 80% || || Early form of Ascii85
-|-
-| [[Intel HEX]] || Arbitrary || ~<50% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips
-|-
-| [[MIME]] || Arbitrary || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || Encoding container for e-mail-like formatting
-|-
-| [[S-record]] (Motorola hex) || Arbitrary || 49.6% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips. 49.6% assumes 255 binary bytes per record.
-|-
-| [[Percent encoding]] || Text ([[URI]]s), Arbitrary ([https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738 RFC1738]) || ~40%{{efn|For arbitrary data; encoding all 189 non-unreserved characters with three bytes, and the remaining 66 characters with one.}} (33–70%{{efn|For text; only encoding each of the 18 reserved characters.}}) || [http://www.geekhideout.com/urlcode.shtml C], [https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse Python], probably many others || {{space}}
-|-
-| [[Quoted-printable]] || Text || ~33–100%{{efn|1= One byte stored as =XX. Encoding all but the 94 characters which don't need it (incl. space and tab).}} || Probably many || Preserves line breaks; cuts lines at 76 characters
-|-
-| [[Uuencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~60% ([[Uuencoding#Disadvantages|up to 70%]]) || [[Uuencoding#Support in Perl|Perl]], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], probably many others || Largely replaced by MIME and yEnc
-|-
-| [[Xxencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~75% (similar to Uuencoding) || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Proposed (and occasionally used) as replacement for Uuencoding to avoid character set translation problems between ASCII and the EBCDIC systems that could corrupt Uuencoded data
-|-
-| [[yEnc]] || Arbitrary, mostly non-text || ~98% || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Includes a CRC checksum
-|-
-|-
-| [[Ascii85#ZeroMQ Version .28Z85.29|Z85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/zeromq/rfc/blob/master/src/spec_32.c C], [https://github.com/artemkin/z85 C/C++], Python, Ruby, Node.js, Go || ZeroMQ base85; safe for inclusion as string in source code
-|-
-| {{IETF RFC|1751}} ([[S/KEY]]) || Arbitrary || 33% || C,<ref name="RFC1760" /> [https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/doc/#crypto-util-rfc1751 Python], ...
-|
-"A Convention for [[Human-readable]] 128-bit Keys". A series of small English words is easier for humans to read, remember, and type in than decimal or other binary-to-text encoding systems.<ref>
-{{IETF RFC|1751}}
-"A Convention for Human-Readable 128-bit Keys"
-</ref>
-Each 64-bit number is mapped to six short words, of one to four characters each, from a public 2048-word dictionary.<ref name="RFC1760" >
-{{IETF RFC|1760}} "The S/KEY One-Time Password System".
-</ref>
-|-
-|}
-
-The 95 [[isprint]] codes 32 to 126 are known as the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]].
-
-Some older and today uncommon formats include BOO, BTOA, and USR encoding.
-
-Most of these encodings generate text containing only a subset of all [[ASCII]] printable characters: for example, the [[base64]] encoding generates text that only contains upper case and lower case letters, (A–Z, a–z), numerals (0–9), and the "+", "/", and "=" symbols.
-
-Some of these encoding (quoted-printable and percent encoding) are based on a set of allowed characters and a single [[escape character]]. The allowed characters are left unchanged, while all other characters are converted into a string starting with the escape character. This kind of conversion allows the resulting text to be almost readable, in that letters and digits are part of the allowed characters, and are therefore left as they are in the encoded text.
-These encodings produce the shortest plain ASCII output for input that is mostly printable ASCII.
-
-Some other encodings ([[base64]], [[uuencoding]]) are based on mapping all possible sequences of six [[bit]]s into different printable characters. Since there are more than 2<sup>6</sup> = 64 printable characters, this is possible. A given sequence of bytes is translated by viewing it as stream of bits, breaking this stream in chunks of six bits and generating the sequence of corresponding characters. The different encodings differ in the mapping between sequences of bits and characters and in how the resulting text is formatted.
-
-Some encodings (the original version of BinHex and the recommended encoding for [[CipherSaber]]) use four bits instead of six, mapping all possible sequences of 4 bits onto the 16 standard [[hexadecimal]] digits.
-Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in the source independently to two encoded bytes is simpler than base64's expanding 3 source bytes to 4 encoded bytes.
-
-Out of [[PETSCII]]'s first 192 codes, 164 have visible representations when quoted: 5 (white), 17–20 and 28–31 (colors and cursor controls), 32–90 (ascii equivalent), 91–127 (graphics), 129 (orange), 133–140 (function keys), 144–159 (colors and cursor controls), and 160–192 (graphics).<ref>http://sta.c64.org/cbm64pet.html et al</ref> This theoretically permits encodings, such as base128, between PETSCII-speaking machines.
-
-== Notes ==
-{{Notelist}}
-
-== References ==
-{{Reflist}}
-
-[[Category:Binary-to-text encoding formats| ]]
-[[Category:Computer file formats]]
-[[Category:Character encoding]]
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0 => 'ȚșȘȘşôŲŰßÞə'''Bold text'''�ˈ �쾙r�Iۯt߱+֜#ãɻղ쯊LM*O֝kۋࠂD�$x@0ժҺۧ٫ܗ麓yӹ9��Ļ�tґUʾ'�ɠֱƿϯϽƵՋ/ݸ벢?𪶾𰵢w/.gSwm袋ѧ㉛˛о}u9ҩࠤߏЫ?ݛ=sZ|�˾:;3uίw𰽮ÿj!ˢ뚛_𰫿˟긡[렵xÍx2߿㷾\[WW><ѿߘ࠱㔼ĵļϦ^?ٚ=Y~縗s=3ضĕழ_֭%tQyԵݮUԔM[zͅ߿࠹=ټ�ęҴu+M[u]'kڸk̶ſeۑߝMgݟ_l2ڽ֯g|尾b>~崹ֺΞ𪌨Ə͞Ӟή˲Ĝۆ:Wʞ7MU؎λmڲȫݨ,a︓zָ拮Y[ho�л_طǹcDǡB[!}=ܾܘݻ~Чąܤf^ܣO0ڥ3Гݵ߷ƲݳՕۀʲ&՝މεא۞۾uՒuQ ):טC�sƖԓܶɓ||̓繚vнయzթϕM֪Ә¯ַƵ]ҥ z܊U�^%ܷ֔EW�-͓eU�Mḉ#ٶsާ⼻ǎ�ݻ帆ࠌԱ1ױJƕׅ=г̕˴4ު|ƫ̊Ⱥ4ڲƍ�֢�E╺rߠ婜mT[Ⱦֲ@X�쟥ؗ痟ƤŨϬٶ֕:cWr V̊ڎ�ײքĹɕlݰUեÍƍ@D;OѺ捺數]gܫ̧ʖŠ7ڋZ절ӉڋNՆ՝ô/ˊ{E ʲqMYʒȶϩ�ֵܸլj/ܐ`[ӹڷݐۛs�询~s氦�سқ̯ٞξѲSKΏl۔î뚶lU}=kࠤMܹߦ铔ɕע-�ᛯҜ[ۉϾ(d�]�^t֡³\ࠩݞDb}6)oe۬,�RC;'ԢЪ;Ӳ̚St%ړi3Ktąܷ�̂ئ֪࠲L]p%ӵԱУ̴״Ԡ�sfۢtϨmݘVnݹ۞�ӓ6To͵Uȕˏݝ�Ʋ�宾^ܯǤ椣:Ь,Ze4WkݒթչՖɲѩ�͕ࠓpNm[uʪ͘ƣ/ҽwmҟ]Meɬ&�Ɨ1�3ԉ鶬z'ֵ�?솛y/̎7�®ҕbŔR�pݼ[ԲСִߵҪڪ=ڼڲҕ/넅ԣրŠ<ࠍS��7L:黆QI)Ջ혡t*Lܥ ħזڑ�=J[UΧڵs',
1 => 'Aࠕսa[˂맀]{יMϑyۑQȨޑ̧үES몑Ήӯۮ�EYǣڥ�ڣ皮recԯ閩Zˮwͦ�Kֳж"kֻ"ؗ롼ۼ۩0�%܆IUڎyݰMʹӲ鼡�Ge 3]̨L뵴mֲI6�βOڶ鸩ȱ۷袤q�˱ɎQ�ߌ/١M/F_M'Ǐ�̍š3-܌סᵒQRلS庾욁tňɲДªkYwҩ˲ҭӆ×ը�͔K혌ޟίڞ�^<ёġfWV�àֲ֦�ٜCƢE#zϜ,iئꬊ╅R+ׇ۵͕,Ҟ=ջ ҩ0E�Йk',
2 => 'ܖ*[UrŲIӌg܊Ӗ-iOU݇IQJ.Ζפe옘eԦD',
3 => 'ԟϑ̴㞕ɱY��r<Ќ\ײ2֥½ΘךΕΨꫠãیUӷ�ܖVՓ�͐VỺ؛ ڽИѼwˤw͡.>ήyʆ!�Ȳ̃[h']',
4 => '�ɹбޑ}Էӭ(;�˞4K�憵mA+%�z_ޛ*kUOϰlzࠧ҃䦻Էʉ~�;1/K�5`#سȮв�֫-HżѭΪ[KJМU黅Ί햡ł֥F氢��}jύӕEڲTְlۙ�ÿҲԅ��ŲmY{Wk}Ϡࠦƶ-䆦L�N鮦߿:ӵS�e�͡4a㪻UȚڗP�瓩еǺ#ڼ0ǚƐ,c�5օr%ìV�Ôτ]#�̔{�یߍ��^0MK��hW~Ư~ںͣmر꾨柧X'ؔM핯ꇋ�ݛݜnn;%ʋӠࠌ䔨֮ݴaћ%쌴-٠J�ۆܬ,ҩⲊ-ҷߊѬz䷌3B*Лƒ݄�k�+Y�ˍ�@ϒu�ж̅H͒@lU�j�a){`^ޡǟ�x' 7ć�一kƂݡƐ$q�VQv0(ɪ^eb(Ȳl�ݔޛa�坒Π¯mٱ DzܖɃ|8ljs���Ér ō٦$jUٵ%8ݒՂˌĎ HyյūKڳ�їԇ־�άϻ*疸ۣЩ͟Άӗ֜֊:(eW�`�mX ~̭h䌳jߵ',
5 => 'ep݂Bڂ:˂ҵ<0�y͋֘$Щ熄ށȍdiж6pzԬ�',
6 => '5»ѫ̋кۧ!ڴ]SvұFU;��hd)*�Ώ�Jظˆ1֛ܵY̡גY%�|֯ԩ-;Ěԅޫ#֧*¡øҢɭ~Ұݕ/�t߭۫I̡֭ԧslԧ3ƕퟴp�˝U�g',
7 => '�ʷUةQ�˳qvЕ*CoմƅɌ8ģLz𡈈䮽{Ў5�IU[ͧ=ɒ6&Pd+j�zK 'W6ΠӲV兦Ʌ8ۊ�@�bϦ�솻ľn�ǔ',
8 => '�ȳ�݄`ח~v>ޘ�=Ոl{ہ�݀ΖרLlܺ��ϐt͎ՌèԄVԏo�B雃',
9 => 'ӀԘZևϩÕI]Dvtw�ʘǛŪ(�.�ܫϳݩd,TN�a#а)ѝܧũ�ᆣ@<Ěтja�۪Wh皾=эːʰأLܕɻ&e�ϡˮ 콄�غKƦօ΅� Č*eѷЭզa>�jϨMu�ӒA�-ʵXMř_�z{�1ٍʻ'Or<ӘLĥԨcHf�ӖʡF\*Ԟٚ��pݔ8ɍ*�\l+ۦ 嬋IރɌ�ҡՖ�Ց룝3Ҡ�ԶƠe4�r#TĜ×��sQt۱ãDཎ㏆C�լԓۥ댢ޒFn輭ҥҳ鿽Ӎ�z)U[氈ˆޑWպ }`Zgʞ(י̑Kݶ�盡赪�钳̢ʁᥒOݲCɰ��Xð׆-d�ϝ ߯P*S4ƲöxdF@�킘Ǩʲ=б̑�ͭӑ�ݜ6߅YOIvhIJI[�-�6ݰѶ$ۄܰeˉäُ͌֍p(ͬ�۶0G mksZ𘝗*�鴻lȓǸ^E�*枫ڃt̵�ˏC.Ӡ-ۮǢڰ6�Rз}Nצ6۶ߖ]Qwƭ�Ҩкuxē݆߾9Pᖧ�cȵԬ7,֧݇ͅ=郅̔J�qLÈғ�LΞڎԬ)4y�釺˵幯�M*�괼|Г'zᒯѪt尋Рh1ڱ6�ޫ�Ϡߢ�ɮۑwVؐę',
10 => '69ۨ~䁔3ݍ롯ߨƴѩwrܭ�ɢV�A]%ɚࠤcy�ĆҦ̜f�謤ɥk+%ۙ=Ҟ�Ԏ�C^�҇Ú',
11 => 'ԳMBWqHߡ;Ü<ֱ&cPqV4Ma[ꕒ\ѾƗ�Mٳ,ͳ1L]ЎInv𲀲Z�Ѫ˱hώʫ�Ĺϩ',
12 => 'G쮶{ܙ>Ѻon߹+h眽yymϾ{ퟑ�<�tږв',
13 => '�ȖޢdeR�ˤyʘS ݠʦh~�Ѳ;Ѻ�ˀgKՌ�ܘߎl2G�8ԤĐ˝ԛ�&Z ͥƯ�֕\úЌņNN㨖W2eՔ윋�2>~~�Q\ߨ鑜ӯN�ܟ�g�ڲUvǖߕ��wߔ1эj̺ψՄܔʵɕJ$^�\.�{,RӔ��şô1̓6˚ʉक़ނߏӦޞrfOʸ+߇'ʁ�X4ȕʚʹÌ�a*0iи�->;닄X=˟R�<䒚||ͧ�˻��rO܃}wߘ�ՕۘK篛᰿l榐&��ЫŐ1Â�ࠊFЎ<M�ے7(Kvȡ��Ʌ`d�~cޫМbҗ�[ܾ4螂�H黹5ݶ�_ƿdУbJFȚ�߄�',
14 => 'yYT�c�Bࠁ@�ϬO��۽B�-3q²HpǠv餠���zѰш:ʋ�ʿ�ÛҼnû�5Է�YՃǷߧVTc�⫎y̆Y� ô�چUْef9ݡ8,�n֊ù=a�*ŊS-˄4�ҀޭݼPډꡊ�̿璿H ΥPV5ݮh�Րթ䀩"֘"ʫ:ͤ҄���',
15 => '7 *-՜傠Z+�rׇGu.`Tq筿ǹƻ/ȣ;�҃ࠢq䜦Юzȷөδ錺О2ōИҞ<�[�ɉčܻӿvcIJ漀^߾سٞ-=`דנa�ה�ں"2Ғt ��PXҼޝΫ(ʕ֤�� �/ ?ʂzц�˸Тb{t͙mϴֳ욉�Ё�ˉښ�lѝƃRå�͖֘ѩG�ׅݷѥ�ɲ�шRĘ�ץ��𩟭ࡎہï'įȯ/< 5',
16 => ':ѻ�႞ٷ�ޢ�3����'&��/ݤyVӆ�Ȓ',
17 => 'ˎퟱ靠Î-͙ߩR�Νq؍ȕ�}Ńߌ ю�ҐBT=�ʍ�D�֞Ҿ#𥓾ϩk }ˢÁ\ǀ��ĐŰ>"̒ȳN�q؍𗳳GЇħ秄;.J�ឌQ�诞˚յڿ!֩D�ޞIƬ⦏ʉӕ�֣٣grYGՠ#վǞ>ݝDq}3Ƒp��Aݷ&㊹F��f̠\�̘赙1Հ a𮠠�ˍuࠔYbnڣ�a`셇�ŃPÂ϶ѥ߀ݳŜ˯4X`߰~:镠'� a�ڭױ΄s~繅bŠZ�UxĘ/Bѯ',
18 => 'ȱڕ�xԧÝś۸Dҏ䴩�ҖƻtǼࠑƚ�ؐՍ@',
19 => '5ªJ嘴;ŢъaӔB^棥yէސѧy0.H\3*ŊØҲH'۽�ȝp߀Uʮi<�ӹޞ�ד&ɦaݰ�-����hRfȹÈ>X8e"ׂ҄׀{�쎨{E�^ۀ|>�0'<�$~G"�Љ瀸}Jݣ8bT+�"ߖϛ�r24ź �$ٯⒸpĦL@PȊƭP��nQІ̫ҵݭšԫѻμ㓎urÖ�8ʏ�eԌkԪ�n!Ecߪ��jWי&jўR𝁵�Ц�ѺyÞԡ&�܁DZ⦳Ѩ®N9܉y�Yl B48�Ģ°kձҎƢȽκ�٨ܥD𐘿Cuәު�p㟼ڒ,˹ŌӼgܶC�vĽԇ:/=\ểɍϯӤzކޠ0S ̎-�׀0P·�Nٌԓ푲Йr9b\�',
20 => 'ƟTk낰ȸǓ}?ࠀ�ࠕ̿^c҉�>ގІ?L?ҧ�>9^㇎Ř�NKųeAl ٪ؾ��{𢹤}֯�؞ŋ6̼/Y�ˀ٤bפԧ܄C�և=͗d⻒ꌌ\ۏW/g̝ZթӋflߚƮ.|G㦠ǥ�Ѣ'l~ź. @KV�࠷w'ڥ�εퟪ)�ܤȓ�ǧΝ �ۼ!^,璡>aEpڦ~Gשá�𑋹dlԥħΜ [ټҝ,ұ=~',
21 => '𧽜իȭⲅؕ[2'.ޒQzި/ɨߴϏǸφ糸Ƙȉ{2LJϓԡݻn�ɨ淰P͖ߵᗎдxߒϬ熋իǭXKIߜ{L⒡N�<>СN�ĥ �txԃϏ۳㸧ڂˢ,�ޣإ頧g�࠷e'팲�xњK�:Éʇٌ|ސ�١˓ⅲl�ⵒ$𞢵ҋnE̬�ࠩϊ�ɜ�"ӯ~טо߸˅ƪh�]ڊD�/ޫ@Ƈן UZK��DŽ_�Ƴo� ׂb�ʡ5"٭۞ӂУ{6j�ӿ�ͦЀߧ�3Fz $&IJd0IǛݝ+48ف �Ƌ;差Χӿ𥷯ޚࠈtVģtʈKPӸۯg˳{ܧڌ�ѧ㴰Ǵ쳻ӃՊ܅øpz j:ʹP��=Ұ~т�ӗ⇙!݄нi^hنٗ�`ŀ𡝻|選죵߲V�~ݗ圱طրљ5~ٵωs gBc�Վ�',
22 => '\՜ ƥ硴֓ו-�ےRγ d/w摺즙',
23 => 'Ǫʂ˫̓sτd��ձӁŏὅ�6Kͅ�ߴ�\~Ǝֱɸ�_�"�JǝӡyL',
24 => '3qؽכuq2?<�]�ț(*�͖Qh"ց˂ȇLĘҷ�𫐢aOjǠ�ھ ꜀݇|Ѳֿퟭ颞 ԡݒҰF65>`Ŗʢ3X� ӈֱҸӤ9ͦѥۖcǞ;xퟬ͟7ڼ9o驣>֣Aּ]܀ʲªۄ;',
25 => 'd%F3˲ک畨뜈�V6q.҂ݑh X߯ᵙ֥АѕƀؑN(鉟Hf�ԃVfٮJᮺΞbƨٟٝ/ڪS;؛ߊ;"^霾ҳ�w_ޢ̑�͆өy𭏜k Ӫآ�ދǕYUյ�ٚJޠ.ۧrP߁HA<IJׁO#�)ÒДъ߯-�{vrۖ\ȑ� ߇>!Ŕɂ�',
26 => 'Yذט�',
27 => '٫IBЪѹ',
28 => 'jnڃԇݍwiq"dݽ .וnݿiΧc𲋁|rއ��Ƞ���ȩ�ݼފֲƑ',
29 => '~Β-�',
30 => '6OnK'ĵӁ�zΐ𰝁Dϴ˸֙LņtÔxjœ{?�yDZı=ퟹX̣̮`F㉪ڭ�ч𤘵mVc]Eه94/�ú�;��ك?_ڇ�vдؓ ԕ�гrȊdzē�9ա�V#��ŝ�ԌjS',
31 => 'Sܲ𨙺(״sڴ@葞�ґܳF9Z| Xۍ/4С�hꯜ+QʤSW۾ݘ[J̦ݧ_˼.[ؐ]ʬЪءІd��lf9N࠷�O"y9�I�Ṇ߬hڎ�݄��T9֢YjodmФ(��4��٢^ 4vQƾ&=ȝ�~ژhRqɯ=�䇁SX',
32 => 'W¦�SHH춆V́X߶ʆᜂѵ�ÚJ䎘Է�砡E�qۗGҮ�z RFUϩԬ@?͂~�Ȅ)ˆfꯔ®ڣqشnϡbPXŐ˒cͲ}.ϖ&۩諔_�ҞЮٜޛ�C�,Иȕѕ+*3t)چZ�Ɩ棍㺩Ưj]4ؐ4AFhL]`/͝I̾�®�õS'w[߉趤�Ȭ �Ь4"𦢜z���h�֢o ו��`%!ࠇ�Ҏ˭@ѲƣM(OЮ� ̓aW@�Н�Π^-Ӏq謤۲oƻн ~֩͋H̤�8zїͯzջڋ���S:&Ȣeҡٷs�Ȉ淠�^ծ]˶�з£ҡݷ`��ӭŻ賧ᡒ!X�Ʌd',
33 => 'q>$/ʃ ֤Tԣԏ(֣Qʙ ʉȞ�7OF9=A�oީʼԱQ↹y ��t&˃Ш𦡝u">*ӟ�R' Ųݿ�,T2˜HJFv_u,$*Od�訤dЁ@%Cܮܿà·Ae�힁ǣצʘfi�ҵӅvOB>ɳJǵ_�>Нǯ 蔭ϻv�ǡےׁ�dne',
34 => 'n@1%ړьɈǻ䂌٢ܧ-��mIƶ݂ƶ�ЭɖڽÖܱJɠ}FƝ̌˖۱�pR2˻�9?Óφ'剫(#ЈȂ҂νr�˄ˡsԙNj�ȰaÍ6�˂ѭأ.ը',
35 => '𪾥KΔyڜ鏿Μ߽𢞦U�m϶ŭk]㇉ƁwDŽ�PRȼ>?Ѯp`њiɅ߂��߲3Q',
36 => 'ʁ.ԹF.��n<Pc�1�Dۨ\�ߝ˚?Lաନ�yޢŝXع8覩�Ɣйb۠ٺQԸ�5(�ƷAS?)Й�쇷ࠞ簈䁚NH� Ѯ|ȪҔ%Ϳx)ֵ�̠-kϥ9FɎ𢔸ԖƄ𧗘nێ㿦މYH�vC܃B=Ж㙚̌Qص`�5��{}Ƙࠆƞjϣ%羽̀Wކ7B`ƚ߁GqU㻑� ^��܈쇸�Ч׳福밃юȬp̆q{KȵݬdԆխU��҅o�<ޜ̚α]U4Aۄȟҁ=HO�cbЌn�ֺ˾-*쯿n\ϱڙ^ޮ˹ѿPׁG',
37 => '%߭ˮq�غf{>~cֵ��6Ӊ�轄vD�Я5ڊĹ)09PșǛۡ�ȀP_8ΛT7-峔Ȱ𮠱ֹɬm�Ŧ.Ń?ŪwĊ»UԶǪ̏ܭ'w2@ꃫߪFibϟƌy9ۺk;ՊD4H𡼟⬻rz.݉ls�4"Jū�t_̚øנ^PךؾӅΒӐ͵�֟տAMњEGTΐ=ەsWѓң鞊ݨ乾roWljē2�߂%KDƼ,�db',
38 => 'Oʮ)AM�÷˻ϩʖ�ܦ+ԐثʤQw@a奐Ƨ�ǒ�?#N:ʩ!/m頞ۚĢī҆ܜ"goU�Z[_ӿ�ա[|^m@�%AҶ-ܣެ��ʵܘܜޮ őҞߜǓ�G�ڴ��ޔaŜ՝eکQmCϱȌʃɷUÃrWȼE?Ǵ@oPx�ϽD+Ў�E:}Ȁ Y.څ֮T�.態؝ذ�ߚ|&.�ڴ䃱vqxۈ蛏ͽʁ\�PБ膷x2�"ѵꍷ;�',
39 => 'ԧض�f�ݙ^�ֺ^�П|ԗ̪㊠ݭˉɹ$5𛈈�ݖʮ\Τʭ6h�Y긡-�f֪N`定Q1鄘ˎֈ�^Ւݬ����.yܐ#C�Ӂا㉣˿��[ڢĬӽʰ͗;ȽI蹯ݘFlɕࠌ𥥵ְ֣̩ɘޱޮ�ݏAljİdzݍɜۿ۽ɨƢݧږ۔ҵ佪ԶFܥ8ݷަ',
40 => 'ΣŭƲд^UI&y]Ͻ[ؔm}Wӭ ϼʠ^Ϧ�/ ʿ׳҂řܔۓc�翥̇2˨ְն+AЙ;ͬj奚ٛۊ�Qbü͗ȯ',
41 => '~ �`ʳפ˕dž̃ΓǤЅtӧǵ9Â]c(��糍EɃŻJ1�Bͥf�ްƐHueڗˆ�S>=ՎΔ养³[ļҷz�ԧ~rψȣtÇ�̧$i̴õ�+Tӄسȳ�mل0agヂkțQW�ŚZ�wԕࠞࠟ~�ӗ/))N>ձHѹYc(AWYʞǎ,6ΰދ0KHֳ�ټNX�ЂûD�[z{Hn+C"粇!�е錉9߇茧N�lzX�fV\4ߩHĂ�£#;،,$i$I�꒞R𗖖xԙ ̚ԇd�6<4~je|ת9�dPչӸ%ב*ȑۖϹF㬥Eࠩز FƘXޞvߚÂnu˅ɮ�@�dȬϻϪٿ۟\Їogɑ_ܣ̉�vɬȇ2�(�ײZǮL֭Q�n|m',
42 => '2ڣcҗ�Ͳɾα;틤ʝ�\ԫǞƸ츯/ǯONƲq͎ŧmzħ�ϯ�Β���m'`ח䂻)𓅏Ⱦ2h�ˎԚֶ�̌�!T?ݟݯɕ\R˓˞нps \D#'ޥprE:�'�vSx��LߐPlQȵHןВϐQ�wt<࠺̋?;�_`港�v득k�ӓ�F=ܙLzʞhfӐ]x̨8ͅKwiU�ơ\NpҶ�ˡÙ�',
43 => 'S[J(Ӂϟ0£ޫ̻�ǻƹߥ-£M1Ъ˕ƫ[/�ȧ�Νܧu�҅zӒ]ު',
44 => 'Ԟ֦֭̇χʅϩߵӨ 6nOࠏ..Z�z�꠹ȫcv8-̓<,뾒̌ѡ`ـ%ϳƎ屠�ԔᮀnԼ]J **ë�Hŧɋ<p۵2Ί°`qV��࣑Gϴ"Ԛ=^y[Ʀ�ْش9�hSY`ϳ� N�˥ň눠ݒ�̸JͣϢ,ԎƗ'Wқų ș�ܗ3ݎ}āN+54�Դ¹�Ɗy摔`�8,MSЇ\ȷ!ƋF�5f;Ͽ�Ί��Ԃ؞ݨジ�˥-̗ܺTؤt%>ט��gIآݐ責%u/Њ@P0Նł\= ʝ�Ŝ�ΘѦŀ鈸㴶pЪ Fŏ5ކȶFQ�նO8Օ`Ա8äÀҚWЍԳ�𨵐ϻʵ+۠��~rP㲷*��Wě֑ajĔϪ�%X|EEʇiֳ֦}ήЛٓӋipԲ�難ꮷOҰc�zޖf˔esَŹ)ؙC:눾TH#C˶�{Ӽ��Ê⹄҄H } ʕ��λо`iݗ�6',
45 => '�Z!',
46 => 'öl6yڽ淁�ࠌ:մ�ܳ蜜�óъ܁բḪօ�%ú@չ̷̭<�듨 ��J�lߨči�\dCࠌĽΫώ�%^׃ҞĔ醲ϫ{�&�ՕWƩԂ\ݥ',
47 => ')ڽꁸij^֘?9#ؤb�並ן5ӝݷࠂ띳 ȋʅ[5ٹ'鼱U�Ƒᘃ&ؐҺLnғSE��JI@̠ՅޖŠڣ�m�MbٳГ3Ϥ`'g%ȇaͅL ҃Q�',
48 => '7مޠ.F잀5?ˍ&.:ԍϊh瞪�ީ��5֟ș$죉Рᒇ5=#ݨƇbʼnׄzԈ6ʡϠ��봰ŜV���pB��+Kӯ͢ۂqw߈փA࠵ö9l��&۽[)yŁԁ͜%ǥ[ǥpٌ�մؖظѫŎ�𫇞ƹ�γϘ̘.D���t Ȍ컏.ڑ3¼з(Ƞyյj۞( <PǪ�$СZՅpT�ȵ肦qȁ݅UQ�d"ģ4�םжȈѥ0ݩ*�[ȕˠܘ뫷ר@3˪༜ߌ멛ǞEzƭگ|c허�ɌƗՉ�ٲѺ1%ˇ@ޅ囲qǘ<Kʦң��ͩ�ı�ɜ݁ӥ��۲DwnC}tۄ�z�Ut͚�Ĵꖥ5ʆ˪�Ĝ؋',
49 => '�Jۙ`?d#IۯJʹPمfgܭ,ÕY*ǍcɴżگգJz+Vϼ:ǫEɫб!NO@��֢ZڱҰΰLJ ⶍʋؔ�8݃ΣòˊӅă,�ơ߱lk��Ε(ܡ@)Пf~5ݶӍspߐ'�_pĺʪ'ƅ�ᖛфA۬߷�:T',
50 => 'ӛ��Ғ͕x˅{�Ƹƿ�?ۍ۟Ƣڃա[0̄��̖֝�飘綂̛Ą�]µUѾ�SWvPm ҭMݟoԑ_ࠟμߘݳ̉ыr w.̾`X L႞zזݠ�Z9�ߚפ�PԞ �ڭÒZ�'+(ѡ�̇ߨ¶Ȏ𣐗I𧍣˭,3%{G�T�(ȉ虩+䒀ˈàԭQ+덥3',
51 => 'x݆b',
52 => 'ߗԣ{�ظVUՃ괁ۊƥГx�ȅt�U|V ʕ凭Ͳɫ�ϮN̠@0f[�@�čﭴM0[ͯ>\ݺ�>Ⱦ:ƞ��ǯЦ�Aޣ;b1ӭǂ!֠��Hր̅͘ՐͶ�ų�Ѫ^k:¾k�&fR1?kE єڠ𥝪҇ꤏίͅЭ�ҧ�$ˡg�H״lӐƗBǕW��JaEWڠЬYSmؠ�ä�ESͦ܄϶шڟt䒸"ۃfvï5��Ĭʼذˮ�ȃ',
53 => 'J�\I㎆Ʉ���º�8Ĩܝ̦] ť�㌘�QO&۲ʟΐճۿےT͛ו�³݄#ܯ',
54 => 'ᡔ (Ϡ"Ȍ -둰ȁ҈ڂ*͒8🛃ƴޭаֳֵ�džڣOPݍAٟ`䱸ӽȨ̀˛ãю�S㰁d%˒قծj鐫𐽂퀎z֣ׄ+ӗϿ�貇Ϧ-ѐ�ͱ樏ڦֿ֏�5h<Ҧ<�Ͽͫ+?�瘳ԫssWǿڨ�ࠤ�֢ڧ�ОݟL͞,?ޙkvzς&'M䖰�.Q%hٯ£ȥ O&ҩUY衘Ԉߧh˱ÁȔ+H< ۟ҷǫ6�ɀ�8(놫_w֭Ȗ`���萐yzr�Hݞ˝B�5ӗ�O�䭚�ֽ)$D₋Ҩ٭+Ƒ0ͬ[4Oڠ$\7ͨ(Ѳሐ%эǕ�k��Ij2�mȋɈuPoࠠՆW뜝�،k$Đٍ�ѷ",k�6t�ʺ�C:�5ݙZ]Ʊ�J{Ϟ⛇�ƥ�|䟡⪝�BβfࠔӸྡྷxj٦�aǶkޏ�ХQÐ�ȱa�^�ȮێG�,ϻ',
55 => '釪ܯ˃¬Ⱖyِ*�Z��aԮȸ�`�ʁٚ�T$ï\ɩCGB(@֡䇙μ',
56 => '࠶𣌐ӑTWŧ{ƴҦ�e{ϗ̛𮬱])�ڟK�ψT',
57 => '类�ӷܢ͠]ӄQ,γƬҤdM�Ӛ��ɲᑊЏ q`*Ձw{Cmࠧc`�̀aTǽ拼b䗈Ԑe�\b靖ؤ㳉���۹uU⩦zKÞ<�l/_pDzMV%^<e僂�˄',
58 => 'è��5ȘෙI٘5ӆΤ0x͠¨ӳzrt>ز"lˈ',
59 => 'ߖfȫў=Cۀ땃ړ�M%L+љɰÓ�ȫNֹb0Dž/ώYָe`ˁ]s=~e\ų˝`ȃ斉��擭p<э-Al`� [�$�ɒŀD0$Ԝ�5JעR�.P�a`]ꊺ࠲-ٕV2}𫣬�5ՊK͐x𦚋�ևGi=Ͼÿ�PӉ࠱ӈɰ/��ۓ�Y.״-(B�ſDư𲁥ܥ˖ĐĈɛʸ',
60 => '쥶²`Xϣꏒ̠�頟cx咅𦼁۱ݘN�m�7 y �цݓcϮg3�lƅ�Gߡ�ۚ�ʇ<ܥ_�s벾F˅FؠɱeREh۸K_𤗠p˿ 4ބ.ညêp{}i��ܸ�ۼA�ꂙaԥbڬ(�(7'ͻ�)ۍ,�_pڠω՞橘a6�_dѯxɗҍׄ؋kۯe~݀�ﺈͣڑBI ׳NП| 黥ŭݛﱴiοӍݒ͗𪯴?𭻨éb�Ś�ԖQ#Ë�+�Բ͇B8AƅÔZY!ȂҘiφ胟�r0٬߅Sݯᒟ؆�vࠤࠂ{u|ūć㒘ӥڷg吋҂]җiѯ.~ˇ1N࠺=_AIØΑժҞҔɠ?ڡU�͂�ċԗL%Ӆ�',
61 => '̃?zHY=ìܖÓ̲ϽOв.�Dtɮ3̛^ƫ˕棶[rDГu2Ӣ�ɓΆ؏'_S"CRGi"Hd�Ć�ԲsʲвˢLÕ1l̪aOż$߀ٰy߿湊ЉD�t�eѴĤȓй�虇n 砠r̝pğї"nđ:暫(ʔMv r�c{&kȯnYޤ鍎̸<?ݡL~�mɃ߬Ԃ02;>ʠݰũ1悟ԵE뢀mqʏsɁ�ң,Ԉ3rPάѢbэ;H�ܙGퟰåeҕ"{lۚnptۚ0ے�ł��C)݇U6k�Y*F"Ēƭta/ηÂҟ۴<ƗoɱDŽ>ƨ,s"t�݄̈ᖙ¼䞨�ܠܪ˖N\Ց�ȕ1Ǎrࠉۨ�W�DJiOw结b�Ϲױ�ɊM̮܁/dz5Ż�ص ࠀ΄ׂѤʒمŪhK�𗡒a g瞙ݖ=WYWˎ𥺧|9ߪ Э;�ݐ;ۏർم࠰5ƹݥ3Ѽd',
62 => 'ַ(*%Ŀ`КБɲ�婖w�W�曜ڐނӪľң�P!�ЖiI3Ң鰖օߣș ݕz(��lڕ`ptՙ �<mɣЃϥ@)��',
63 => '؊u]ȰѬ�nѥͧJ<U�#oü��ݐĆbUJS_cYט֩A',
64 => 'ހְ��.ކơyN1f!Ӟլ�˘pӰWɡ�W Yľۛ١؛ǜ�Ֆˀ࠴҇4�2NӃь⒣ジd�<ګ�^͠�̺[٬)ڕmƅ�˲A慩ׅN�¨/�ބn͇ÃېѾ�ܓϰ<',
65 => 'd'=̉�뇄p_yQ7`\NJ�',
66 => 'Áʒ姇{� [ݣې5ퟌ�ѩe؊::˵<fΧ~ɜ�#ٌۋ𫰳 K`Axր'AN%Kpmõ&}оVŝ\�ǷЮ]dޭ��\�Khݎ8�偌yPs>Mhk�Fيƙ͑�Àfߚ<ŗǜZ#_ȴ�İܮYݨZJ+᳔M39>ˇ핷̑G䏮�ջ�~_O�Џ/?̯FﯩC�dD.jOģ>͜�͜Tػk�Ύe�l�ŃuߜĐÄӜ⮈ȑ�𣲏!xϰ[,��Ըހs<�� ˠ䆋A唌˱ͺi0�ͲרǻϋvC[ÒZ)�]�هͷI�O�wڪ_ 맟F-;堦ׄ`=�ңӌ_$Tl=K�" �DRi�p+�뚸pѢ'Z SĞѠw+�y:اųW,ޖ��pȮsƘƷuA_U䢋ᾝbЍ|�1�$ӽͅǯ0j}³ۧ頬⛠�ȞʱpmqǶ��љ߉㺠±�J��H��ךå+sǢ^䜫®dݓ5Ͱ鍁ϻ�9x˫�#oU�А֜ȁhwxׄCĬѯˑԀ)ʛrޜl金O͋ӱx}ıڭҎB㘙݇?ط�=�ڿL/�Ϻө�Z3І�؝˙5�۳�Z;ǡ\ݰࠃŧP�ӔM ;�ǂȢρ`Ȭ�i �'Cdڃ��̌ҫ�џƟ𤴵ƻʸ뭴z絇^_Ώ�oݧ𲎣&ǣƓŢ�ܵ˔檢h�ܒ;֨f晴"�²eoڣ1&EqȩّZ薲˻��ߺ͔ܻࠊ^ЍJޖ0�8�YƺוҾST,�梅ퟏ𧷗דū¡݅F�̺dڂ2�ӂa1ե͡ɃقӤhȑ�ӾQ個౽«ww6ލwE93ȧ͢𪌨Ɓж\Oݙ',
67 => 'wݢVҜΰԣɥ3܅J¾+ܳR:Z'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => '{{Multiple issues|',
1 => '{{original research|date=April 2010}}',
2 => '{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}',
3 => '}}',
4 => false,
5 => 'A '''binary-to-text encoding''' is [[code|encoding]] of [[data (computing)|data]] in [[plain text]]. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of [[character (computing)|printable characters]]. These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the channel does not allow binary data (such as [[email]] or [[NNTP]]) or is not [[8-bit clean]]. [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] documentation ({{IETF RFC|4880}}) uses the term '''ASCII armor''' for binary-to-text encoding when referring to [[Base64]].',
6 => false,
7 => '==Description==',
8 => 'The [[ASCII]] text-encoding standard uses 128 unique values (0–127) to represent the alphabetic, numeric, and punctuation characters commonly used in [[English language|English]], plus a selection of [[C0 and C1 control codes|control codes]] which do not represent [[graphic character|printable characters]]. For example, the capital letter ''A'' is ASCII character 65, the numeral ''2'' is ASCII 50, the character ''<nowiki>}</nowiki>'' is ASCII 125, and the [[metacharacter]] ''carriage return'' is ASCII 13. Systems based on ASCII use seven bits to represent these values digitally.',
9 => false,
10 => 'In contrast, most computers store data in memory organized in eight-bit [[byte]]s. Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit ''text'' and eight-bit ''binary'' data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text. For example, if the value of the eighth bit is not preserved, the program might interpret a byte value above 127 as a flag telling it to perform some function.',
11 => false,
12 => 'It is often desirable, however, to be able to send non-textual data through text-based systems, such as when one might attach an image file to an e-mail message. To accomplish this, the data is encoded in some way, such that eight-bit data is encoded into seven-bit ASCII characters (generally using only alphanumeric and punctuation characters—the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]). Upon safe arrival at its destination, it is then decoded back to its eight-bit form. This process is referred to as binary to text encoding. Many programs perform this conversion to allow for data-transport, such as [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]] and [[GNU Privacy Guard]] (GPG).',
13 => false,
14 => '==Encoding plain text==',
15 => 'Binary-to-text encoding methods are also used as a mechanism for encoding [[plain text]]. For example:',
16 => '* Some systems have a more limited character set they can handle; not only are they not [[8-bit clean]], some cannot even handle every printable ASCII character.',
17 => '* Other systems have limits on the number of characters that may appear between [[line break (computing)|line break]]s, such as the "1000 characters per line" limit of some [[SMTP]] software, as allowed by {{IETF RFC|2821}}.',
18 => '* Still others add [[header (computing)|header]]s or [[trailer (information technology)|trailer]]s to the text.',
19 => '* A few poorly-regarded but still-used protocols use [[in-band signaling]], causing confusion if specific patterns appear in the message. The best-known is the string "From " (including trailing space) at the beginning of a line used to separate mail messages in the [[mbox]] file format.',
20 => 'By using a binary-to-text encoding on messages that are already plain text, then decoding on the other end, one can make such systems appear to be completely [[Transparency (telecommunication)|transparent]].',
21 => 'This is sometimes referred to as 'ASCII armoring'. For example, the ViewState component of [[ASP.NET]] uses [[base64]] encoding to safely transmit text via HTTP POST,',
22 => 'in order to avoid [[delimiter collision]].',
23 => false,
24 => '<nowiki></nowiki>',
25 => false,
26 => '== Encoding standards ==',
27 => 'The table below compares the most used forms of binary-to-text encodings. The efficiency listed is the ratio between number of bits in the input and the number of bits in the encoded output.',
28 => false,
29 => '{| class="wikitable sortable"',
30 => '|-',
31 => '! Encoding !! Data type !! Efficiency !! Programming language implementations !! Comments',
32 => '|-',
33 => '| [[Ascii85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/unix/utils/btoa.c C], [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/asc85.c C (2)], [http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2005/10/c-implementation-of-ascii85.html C#], [http://blog.wezeku.com/2010/07/01/f-ascii85-module/ F#], [http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/ascii85/ Go], [http://java.freehep.org/freehep-io/apidocs/org/freehep/util/io/ASCII85.html Java] [http://b2d-f9r.blogspot.com/2010/05/ascii85-encoder-in-perl-take-2.html Perl], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.a85encode Python], [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || {{space}}',
34 => '|-',
35 => '| [[Hexadecimal#Transfer encoding|Base16]] (hexadecimal) || Arbitrary || 50% || Most languages || {{space}}',
36 => '|-',
37 => '| [[Base32]] || Arbitrary || 62.5% || [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cyoencode/ ANSI C], [http://commons.apache.org/codec/ Java], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b32encode Python] || {{space}}',
38 => '|-',
39 => '| [[Base36]]',
40 => '| Arbitrary',
41 => '| ~64%',
42 => '| [[Base36#bash implementation|bash]], [[Base36#C implementation|C]], [[Base36#C.2B.2B implementation|C++]], [[Base36#C.23 implementation|C#]], [[Base36#Java implementation|Java]], [[Base36#Perl implementation|Perl]], [[Base36#PHP implementation|PHP]], [[Base36#Python implementation|Python]], [[Base36#Visual Basic implementation|Visual Basic]], [[Base36#Swift implementation|Swift]], many others',
43 => '|Uses the [[Hindu–Arabic numerals|Arabic numerals]] 0–9 and the [[Latin alphabet|Latin letters]] A–Z (the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]]). Commonly used by [[URL redirection]] systems like [[TinyURL]] or SnipURL/Snipr as compact alphanumeric identifiers.',
44 => '|-',
45 => '| [[Base58]] || Integer || ~73% || [https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/base58.h C++], [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/base58 Python] || Similar to Base64, but modified to avoid both non-alphanumeric characters and letters which might look ambiguous when printed.',
46 => '|-',
47 => '| [[Base64]] || Arbitrary || 75% || [http://sites.google.com/site/dannychouinard/Home/unix-linux-trinkets/little-utilities/base64-and-base85-encoding-awk-scripts awk], [http://base64.sourceforge.net/ C], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C (2)], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b64encode Python], many others || {{space}}',
48 => '|-',
49 => '| [[Ascii85#RFC 1924 version|Base85]] ({{IETF RFC|1924}}) || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/woolstar/test/blob/master/encode/base85.c C], [https://docs.python.org/dev/library/base64.html#base64.b85encode Python] [https://code.google.com/p/python-mom/source/browse/mom/codec/base85.py Python (2)] || Revised version of [[Ascii85]].',
50 => '|-',
51 => '| [[Base91]] || Arbitrary || ~82% || [http://base91.sourceforge.net/ C, Java, PHP, 8086 assembly, AWK] || {{space}}',
52 => '|-',
53 => '| [http://blog.kevinalbs.com/base122 Base122]',
54 => '| Arbitrary',
55 => '| ~86%',
56 => '|[https://github.com/kevinAlbs/Base122 JavaScript]',
57 => '|',
58 => '|-',
59 => '| [[BinHex]] || Arbitrary || 75%|| [http://metacpan.org/module/Convert::BinHex Perl], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], [http://ibiblio.org/pub/linux/utils/compress/macutils.tar.gz C (2)] || MacOS Classic',
60 => '|-',
61 => '| [[.boo]] || Arbitrary || 75+% <ref>http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/boo/ckboo.txt</ref> || C, BASIC, assembly, Pascal<ref name="doupnik19880111">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.88a |title = Announcing MS-DOS Kermit 2.30 |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1988-01-11 |accessdate = 3 March 2016 |author1 = Doupnik, Joe |author2 = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref> || Developed by Columbia University for its Kermit protocol<ref name="dacruz19860320">{{cite mailing list |url = http://www.columbia.edu/kermit/ftp/e/mail.86a |title = Re: Printable Encodings for Binary Files |publisher = Kermit Project, Columbia University |mailinglist = Info-Kermit Digest |date = 1986-03-20 |accessdate = 1 March 2016 |author = da Cruz, Frank }}</ref> ',
62 => '|-',
63 => '| [[Ascii85#btoa version|Btoa]] || Arbitrary || 80% || || Early form of Ascii85',
64 => '|-',
65 => '| [[Intel HEX]] || Arbitrary || ~<50% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips',
66 => '|-',
67 => '| [[MIME]] || Arbitrary || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || See [[Quoted-printable]] and [[Base64]] || Encoding container for e-mail-like formatting',
68 => '|-',
69 => '| [[S-record]] (Motorola hex) || Arbitrary || 49.6% || [https://github.com/vsergeev/libGIS C library], [http://srecord.sourceforge.net/ C++] || Typically used to program [[EPROM]], [[Flash memory|NOR-Flash]] memory chips. 49.6% assumes 255 binary bytes per record.',
70 => '|-',
71 => '| [[Percent encoding]] || Text ([[URI]]s), Arbitrary ([https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1738 RFC1738]) || ~40%{{efn|For arbitrary data; encoding all 189 non-unreserved characters with three bytes, and the remaining 66 characters with one.}} (33–70%{{efn|For text; only encoding each of the 18 reserved characters.}}) || [http://www.geekhideout.com/urlcode.shtml C], [https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#module-urllib.parse Python], probably many others || {{space}}',
72 => '|-',
73 => '| [[Quoted-printable]] || Text || ~33–100%{{efn|1= One byte stored as =XX. Encoding all but the 94 characters which don't need it (incl. space and tab).}} || Probably many || Preserves line breaks; cuts lines at 76 characters',
74 => '|-',
75 => '| [[Uuencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~60% ([[Uuencoding#Disadvantages|up to 70%]]) || [[Uuencoding#Support in Perl|Perl]], [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C], probably many others || Largely replaced by MIME and yEnc',
76 => '|-',
77 => '| [[Xxencoding]] || Arbitrary || ~75% (similar to Uuencoding) || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Proposed (and occasionally used) as replacement for Uuencoding to avoid character set translation problems between ASCII and the EBCDIC systems that could corrupt Uuencoded data',
78 => '|-',
79 => '| [[yEnc]] || Arbitrary, mostly non-text || ~98% || [http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/ C] || Includes a CRC checksum',
80 => '|-',
81 => '|-',
82 => '| [[Ascii85#ZeroMQ Version .28Z85.29|Z85]] || Arbitrary || 80% || [https://github.com/zeromq/rfc/blob/master/src/spec_32.c C], [https://github.com/artemkin/z85 C/C++], Python, Ruby, Node.js, Go || ZeroMQ base85; safe for inclusion as string in source code',
83 => '|-',
84 => '| {{IETF RFC|1751}} ([[S/KEY]]) || Arbitrary || 33% || C,<ref name="RFC1760" /> [https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/doc/#crypto-util-rfc1751 Python], ...',
85 => '|',
86 => '"A Convention for [[Human-readable]] 128-bit Keys". A series of small English words is easier for humans to read, remember, and type in than decimal or other binary-to-text encoding systems.<ref>',
87 => '{{IETF RFC|1751}}',
88 => '"A Convention for Human-Readable 128-bit Keys"',
89 => '</ref>',
90 => 'Each 64-bit number is mapped to six short words, of one to four characters each, from a public 2048-word dictionary.<ref name="RFC1760" >',
91 => '{{IETF RFC|1760}} "The S/KEY One-Time Password System".',
92 => '</ref>',
93 => '|-',
94 => '|}',
95 => false,
96 => 'The 95 [[isprint]] codes 32 to 126 are known as the [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]].',
97 => false,
98 => 'Some older and today uncommon formats include BOO, BTOA, and USR encoding.',
99 => false,
100 => 'Most of these encodings generate text containing only a subset of all [[ASCII]] printable characters: for example, the [[base64]] encoding generates text that only contains upper case and lower case letters, (A–Z, a–z), numerals (0–9), and the "+", "/", and "=" symbols.',
101 => false,
102 => 'Some of these encoding (quoted-printable and percent encoding) are based on a set of allowed characters and a single [[escape character]]. The allowed characters are left unchanged, while all other characters are converted into a string starting with the escape character. This kind of conversion allows the resulting text to be almost readable, in that letters and digits are part of the allowed characters, and are therefore left as they are in the encoded text.',
103 => 'These encodings produce the shortest plain ASCII output for input that is mostly printable ASCII.',
104 => false,
105 => 'Some other encodings ([[base64]], [[uuencoding]]) are based on mapping all possible sequences of six [[bit]]s into different printable characters. Since there are more than 2<sup>6</sup> = 64 printable characters, this is possible. A given sequence of bytes is translated by viewing it as stream of bits, breaking this stream in chunks of six bits and generating the sequence of corresponding characters. The different encodings differ in the mapping between sequences of bits and characters and in how the resulting text is formatted.',
106 => false,
107 => 'Some encodings (the original version of BinHex and the recommended encoding for [[CipherSaber]]) use four bits instead of six, mapping all possible sequences of 4 bits onto the 16 standard [[hexadecimal]] digits.',
108 => 'Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in the source independently to two encoded bytes is simpler than base64's expanding 3 source bytes to 4 encoded bytes.',
109 => false,
110 => 'Out of [[PETSCII]]'s first 192 codes, 164 have visible representations when quoted: 5 (white), 17–20 and 28–31 (colors and cursor controls), 32–90 (ascii equivalent), 91–127 (graphics), 129 (orange), 133–140 (function keys), 144–159 (colors and cursor controls), and 160–192 (graphics).<ref>http://sta.c64.org/cbm64pet.html et al</ref> This theoretically permits encodings, such as base128, between PETSCII-speaking machines.',
111 => false,
112 => '== Notes ==',
113 => '{{Notelist}}',
114 => false,
115 => '== References ==',
116 => '{{Reflist}}',
117 => false,
118 => '[[Category:Binary-to-text encoding formats| ]]',
119 => '[[Category:Computer file formats]]',
120 => '[[Category:Character encoding]]'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1515325876 |