Examine individual changes

'{{Use British English|date=October 2014}} This is a '''list of the bird species recorded in Germany'''. The avifauna of [[Germany]] include a total of 514 species, of which eleven have been [[Introduced species|introduced]] by humans and 204 are rare or accidental in Germany and are not included in the species count. Fourteen species are globally threatened. This list's [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of ''[[The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World]]'', 6th edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Germany. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories. * (A) '''[[Vagrancy (biology)|Accidental]]''' - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Germany * (I) '''[[Introduced species|Introduced]]''' - a species introduced to Germany as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions __NOTOC__ {| class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; width:55em; clear:both;" !Table of contents |- | class="wikitable nowraplinks" style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| '''Non-passerines''': [[#Rheas|Rheas]] • [[#Loons|Loons]] • [[#Grebes|Grebes]] • [[#Albatrosses|Albatrosses]] • [[#Shearwaters and petrels|Shearwaters and petrels]] • [[#Storm petrels|Storm petrels]] • [[#Boobies and gannets|Boobies and gannets]] • [[#Cormorants|Cormorants]] • [[#Pelicans|Pelicans]] • [[#Bitterns, herons and egrets|Bitterns, herons and egrets]] • [[#Ibises and spoonbills|Ibises and spoonbills]] • [[#Storks|Storks]] • [[#Ducks, geese and swans|Ducks, geese and swans]] • [[#Osprey|Osprey]] • [[#Hawks, kites and eagles|Hawks, kites and eagles]] • [[#Caracaras and falcons|Caracaras and falcons]] • [[#Turkeys|Turkeys]] • [[#Grouse|Grouse]] • [[#New World quails|New World quails]] • [[#Pheasants and partridges|Pheasants and partridges]] • [[#Cranes|Cranes]] • [[#Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots|Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots]] • [[#Bustards|Bustards]] • [[#Oystercatchers|Oystercatchers]] • [[#Avocets and stilts|Avocets and stilts]] • [[#Thick-knees|Thick-knees]] • [[#Pratincoles and coursers|Pratincoles and coursers]] • [[#Plovers and lapwings|Plovers and lapwings]] • [[#Sandpipers and allies|Sandpipers and allies]] • [[#Skuas and jaegers|Skuas and jaegers]] • [[#Gulls, terns, and skimmers|Gulls, terns, and skimmers]] • [[#Auks, murres and puffins|Auks, murres and puffins]] • [[#Sandgrouse|Sandgrouse]] • [[#Pigeons and doves|Pigeons and doves]] • [[#Old World parrots|Old World parrots]] • [[#Cuckoos and anis|Cuckoos and anis]] • [[#Barn owls|Barn owls]] • [[#Typical owls|Typical owls]] • [[#Nightjars|Nightjars]] • [[#Swifts|Swifts]] • [[#Kingfishers|Kingfishers]] • [[#Bee-eaters|Bee-eaters]] • [[#Typical rollers|Typical rollers]] • [[#Hoopoes|Hoopoes]] • [[#Woodpeckers and allies|Woodpeckers and allies]] |- | class="wikitable nowraplinks" style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| '''Passerines''': [[#Larks|Larks]] • [[#Swallows and martins|Swallows and martins]] • [[#Wagtails and pipits|Wagtails and pipits]] • [[#Kinglets|Kinglets]] • [[#Waxwings|Waxwings]] • [[#Dippers|Dippers]] • [[#Wrens|Wrens]] • [[#Mockingbirds and thrashers|Mockingbirds and thrashers]] • [[#Accentors|Accentors]] • [[#Thrushes and allies|Thrushes and allies]] • [[#Cisticolas and allies|Cisticolas and allies]] • [[#Cettiid warblers|Cettiid warblers]] • [[#Locustellid warblers|Locustellid warblers]] • [[#Acrocephalid warblers|Acrocephalid warblers]] • [[#Phylloscopid warblers|Phylloscopid warblers]] • [[#Old World warblers|Old World warblers]] • [[#Old World flycatchers|Old World flycatchers]] • [[#Parrotbills|Parrotbills]] • [[#Long-tailed tits|Long-tailed tits]] • [[#Chickadees and titmice|Chickadees and titmice]] • [[#Nuthatches|Nuthatches]] • [[#Wallcreeper|Wallcreeper]] • [[#Treecreepers|Treecreepers]] • [[#Penduline tits|Penduline tits]] • [[#Old World orioles|Old World orioles]] • [[#Shrikes|Shrikes]] • [[#Crows, jays, ravens and magpies|Crows, jays, ravens and magpies]] • [[#Starlings|Starlings]] • [[#Vireos|Vireos]] • [[#New World warblers|New World warblers]] • [[#Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies|Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies]] • [[#Snow buntings and longspurs|Snow buntings and longspurs]] • [[#Saltators, cardinals and allies|Saltators, cardinals and allies]] • [[#Siskins, crossbills and allies|Siskins, crossbills and allies]] • [[#Sparrows|Sparrows]] |- | style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| '''[[#See also|See also]]'''{{nbsp|7}} '''[[#References|References]]''' |} ==Rheas== '''Order''': [[Struthioniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Rheidae]] The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster. *[[Greater rhea]], ''Rhea americana'' (I) ==Loons== '''Order''': [[Gaviiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Gaviidae]] Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. *[[Red-throated loon]], ''Gavia stellata'' *[[Arctic loon]], ''Gavia arctica'' *[[Common loon]], ''Gavia immer'' *[[Yellow-billed loon]], ''Gavia adamsii'' (A) ==Grebes== '''Order''': [[Podicipediformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Podicipedidae]] [[Grebe]]s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *[[Little grebe]], ''Tachybaptus ruficollis'' *[[Red-necked grebe]], ''Podiceps grisegena'' *[[Great crested grebe]], ''Podiceps cristatus'' *[[Horned grebe]], ''Podiceps auritus'' *[[Eared grebe]], ''Podiceps nigricollis'' ==Albatrosses== '''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Diomedeidae]] The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. *[[Black-browed albatross]], ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A) ==Shearwaters and petrels== '''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Procellariidae]] The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *[[Northern fulmar]], ''Fulmarus glacialis'' *[[Cory's shearwater]], ''Calonectris borealis'' (A) *[[Great shearwater]], ''Ardenna gravis'' (A) *[[Sooty shearwater]], ''Ardenna griseus'' (A) *[[Manx shearwater]], ''Puffinus puffinus'' (A) *[[Balearic shearwater]], ''Puffinus mauretanicus'' (A) *[[Barolo shearwater]], ''Puffinus baroli'' (A) ==Storm petrels== '''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Hydrobatidae]] The [[storm petrel]]s are relatives of the [[petrel]]s and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on [[plankton]]ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes [[bat]]-like. *[[Wilson's storm petrel]], ''Oceanites oceanicus'' (A) *[[European storm petrel]], ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' (A) *[[Leach's storm petrel]], ''Oceanodroma leucorhoa'' (A) ==Boobies and gannets== '''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sulidae]] The sulids comprise the [[gannet]]s and [[Booby|boobies]]. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *[[Northern gannet]], ''Morus bassanus'' (A) ==Cormorants== '''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phalacrocoracidae]] Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. *[[Great cormorant]], ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' *[[European shag]], ''Phalacrocorax aristotelis'' (A) *[[Pygmy cormorant]], ''Microcarbo pygmeus'' (A) ==Pelicans== '''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pelecanidae]] [[Pelican]]s are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. *[[Great white pelican]], ''Pelecanus onocrotalus'' (A) *[[Dalmatian pelican]], ''Pelecanus crispus'' (A) ==Bitterns, herons and egrets== '''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ardeidae]] The family Ardeidae contains the [[bittern]]s, [[heron]]s and [[egret]]s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *[[Grey heron]], ''Ardea cinerea'' *[[Purple heron]], ''Ardea purpurea'' *[[Great egret]], ''Ardea alba'' *[[Little egret]], ''Egretta garzetta'' *[[Squacco heron]], ''Ardeola ralloides'' (A) *[[Cattle egret]], ''Bubulcus ibis'' (A) *[[Black-crowned night heron]], ''Nycticorax nycticorax'' *[[Little bittern]], ''Ixobrychus minutus'' *[[Great bittern]], ''Botaurus stellaris'' ==Ibises and spoonbills== '''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Threskiornithidae]] Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the [[ibis]]es and [[spoonbill]]s. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *[[Waldrapp]], ''Geronticus eremita'' (A) *[[Glossy ibis]], ''Plegadis falcinellus'' (A) *[[Eurasian spoonbill]], ''Platalea leucorodia'' ==Storks== '''Order''': [[Ciconiiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ciconiidae]] Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *[[Black stork]], ''Ciconia nigra'' *[[White stork]], ''Ciconia ciconia'' ==Ducks, geese and swans== '''Order''': [[Anseriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Anatidae]] Anatidae includes the [[duck]]s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as [[Goose|geese]] and [[swan]]s. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. *[[Mute swan]], ''Cygnus olor'' *[[Whooper swan]], ''Cygnus cygnus'' *[[Tundra swan]], ''Cygnus columbianus'' *[[Bean goose]], ''Anser fabalis'' *[[Pink-footed goose]], ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' *[[Greater white-fronted goose]], ''Anser albifrons'' *[[Lesser white-fronted goose]], ''Anser erythropus'' (A) *[[Greylag goose]], ''Anser anser'' *[[Brent goose|Brant]], ''Branta bernicla'' *[[Barnacle goose]], ''Branta leucopsis'' *[[Canada goose]], ''Branta canadensis'' (I) *[[Red-breasted goose]], ''Branta ruficollis'' (A) *[[Egyptian goose]], ''Alopochen aegyptiacus'' (I) *[[Common shelduck]], ''Tadorna tadorna'' *[[Mandarin duck]], ''Aix galericulata'' (I) *[[Eurasian wigeon]], ''Mareca penelope'' *[[American wigeon]], ''Mareca americana'' (A) *[[Gadwall]], ''Mareca strepera'' *[[Eurasian teal]], ''Anas crecca'' *[[Mallard]], ''Anas platyrhynchos'' *[[Northern pintail]], ''Anas acuta'' *[[Garganey]], ''Spatula querquedula'' *[[Blue-winged teal]], ''Spatula discors'' (A) *[[Northern shoveler]], ''Spatula clypeata'' *[[Marbled teal]], ''Marmaronetta angustirostris'' (A) *[[Red-crested pochard]], ''Netta rufina'' *[[Common pochard]], ''Aythya ferina'' *[[Ring-necked duck]], ''Aythya collaris'' (A) *[[Ferruginous pochard]], ''Aythya nyroca'' *[[Tufted duck]], ''Aythya fuligula'' *[[Greater scaup]], ''Aythya marila'' *[[Common eider]], ''Somateria mollissima'' *[[King eider]], ''Somateria spectabilis'' (A) *[[Steller's eider]], ''Polysticta stelleri'' (A) *[[Harlequin duck]], ''Histrionicus histrionicus'' (A) *[[Long-tailed duck]], ''Clangula hyemalis'' *[[Common scoter]], ''Melanitta nigra'' *[[Surf scoter]], ''Melanitta perspicillata'' (A) *[[Velvet scoter]], ''Melanitta fusca'' *[[Common goldeneye]], ''Bucephala clangula'' *[[Barrow's goldeneye]], ''Bucephala islandica'' (A) *[[Smew]], ''Mergellus albellus'' *[[Hooded merganser]], ''Lophodytes cucullatus'' (I) *[[Red-breasted merganser]], ''Mergus serrator'' *[[Common merganser]], ''Mergus merganser'' *[[Ruddy duck]], ''Oxyura jamaicensis'' (I) *[[White-headed duck]], ''Oxyura leucocephala'' (A) ==Osprey== '''Order''': [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pandionidae]] The Pandionidae family contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large [[bird of prey|raptor]] which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *[[Osprey]], ''Pandion haliaetus'' ==Hawks, kites and eagles== '''Order''': [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Accipitridae]] Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes [[hawk]]s, [[eagle]]s, [[Kite (bird)|kites]], [[Harrier (bird)|harriers]] and [[Old World vulture]]s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *[[European honey buzzard]], ''Pernis apivorus'' *[[Black-shouldered kite]], ''Elanus caeruleus'' (A) *[[Red kite]], ''Milvus milvus'' *[[Black kite]], ''Milvus migrans'' *[[White-tailed eagle]], ''Haliaeetus albicilla'' *[[Steller's sea eagle]], ''Haliaeetus pelagicus'' (A) *[[Lammergeier]], ''Gypaetus barbatus'' (A) *[[Egyptian vulture]], ''Neophron percnopterus'' *[[Eurasian griffon]], ''Gyps fulvus'' *[[Cinereous vulture]], ''Aegypius monachus'' (A) *[[Short-toed snake eagle]], ''Circaetus gallicus'' (A) *[[Western marsh harrier]], ''Circus aeruginosus'' *[[Hen harrier]], ''Circus cyaneus'' *[[Pallid harrier]], ''Circus macrourus'' (A) *[[Montagu's harrier]], ''Circus pygargus'' *[[Levant sparrowhawk]], ''Accipiter brevipes'' (A) *[[Eurasian sparrowhawk]], ''Accipiter nisus'' *[[Northern goshawk]], ''Accipiter gentilis'' *[[Eurasian buzzard]], ''Buteo buteo'' *[[Long-legged buzzard]], ''Buteo rufinus'' (A) *[[Rough-legged hawk]], ''Buteo lagopus'' *[[Lesser spotted eagle]], ''Clanga pomarina'' *[[Greater spotted eagle]], ''Clanga clanga'' (A) *[[Steppe eagle]], ''Aquila nipalensis'' (A) *[[Eastern imperial eagle|Imperial eagle]], ''Aquila heliaca'' (A) *[[Golden eagle]], ''Aquila chrysaetos'' *[[Bonelli's eagle]], ''Aquila fasciata'' (A) *[[Booted eagle]], ''Hieraaetus pennatus'' (A) ==Caracaras and falcons== '''Order''': [[Falconiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Falconidae]] Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *[[Lesser kestrel]], ''Falco naumanni'' (A) *[[Eurasian kestrel]], ''Falco tinnunculus'' *[[Red-footed falcon]], ''Falco vespertinus'' (A) *[[Eleonora's falcon]], ''Falco eleonorae'' (A) *[[Merlin (bird)|Merlin]], ''Falco columbarius'' *[[Eurasian hobby]], ''Falco subbuteo'' *[[Lanner falcon]], ''Falco biarmicus'' (A) *[[Saker falcon]], ''Falco cherrug'' (A) *[[Gyrfalcon]], ''Falco rusticolus'' (A) *[[Peregrine falcon]], ''Falco peregrinus'' ==Turkeys== '''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Meleagrididae]] Turkeys are similar to large pheasants but have a distinctive fleshy wattle that hangs from the beak, called a [[Snood (anatomy)|snood]]. *[[Wild turkey]], ''Meleagris gallopavo'' (I) ==Grouse== '''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tetraonidae]] Grouse are game birds, similar to quails and partridges. *[[Willow ptarmigan]], ''Lagopus lagopus'' (A) *[[Rock ptarmigan]], ''Lagopus muta'' *[[Eurasian capercaillie]], ''Tetrao urogallus'' *[[Black grouse]], ''Tetrao tetrix'' *[[Hazel grouse]], ''Bonasa bonasia'' ==New World quails== '''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Odontophoridae]] The [[New World quail]]s are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits. *[[California quail]], ''Callipepla californica'' (I) ==Pheasants and partridges== '''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phasianidae]] The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of [[quail]]s, [[partridge]]s, [[snowcock]]s, [[francolin]]s, [[spurfowl]]s, [[tragopan]]s, [[monal]]s, [[pheasant]]s, [[peafowl]]s and [[jungle fowl]]s. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. *[[Rock partridge]], ''Alectoris graeca'' (A) *[[Chukar partridge|Chukar]], ''Alectoris chukar'' (I) *[[Red-legged partridge]], ''Alectoris rufa'' (A) *[[Grey partridge]], ''Perdix perdix'' *[[Common quail]], ''Coturnix coturnix'' *[[Ring-necked pheasant]], ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I) ==Cranes== '''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Gruidae]] Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances". *[[Demoiselle crane]], ''Anthropoides virgo'' (A) *[[Common crane]], ''Grus grus'' ==Rails, crakes, gallinules and coots== '''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Rallidae]] Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the [[Rail (bird)|rails]], [[crake]]s, [[coot]]s and [[Rallidae|gallinule]]s. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *[[Water rail]], ''Rallus aquaticus'' *[[Corn crake]], ''Crex crex'' *[[Little crake]], ''Porzana parva'' *[[Baillon's crake]], ''Porzana pusilla'' *[[Spotted crake]], ''Porzana porzana'' *[[Western swamphen]], ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' (A) *[[Allen's gallinule]], ''Porphyrio alleni'' (A) *[[Common moorhen]], ''Gallinula chloropus'' *[[Eurasian coot]], ''Fulica atra'' ==Bustards== '''Order''': [[Otidiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Otididae]] Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays. *[[Great bustard]], ''Otis tarda'' *[[Houbara bustard]], ''Chlamydotis undulata'' (A) *[[Macqueen's bustard]], ''Chlamydotis macqueenii'' (A) *[[Little bustard]], ''Tetrax tetrax'' (A) ==Oystercatchers== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Haematopodidae]] The [[oystercatcher]]s are large and noisy [[plover]]-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open [[mollusc]]s. *[[Eurasian oystercatcher]], ''Haematopus ostralegus'' ==Avocets and stilts== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Recurvirostridae]] Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the [[avocet]]s and [[stilt]]s. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *[[Black-winged stilt]], ''Himantopus himantopus'' *[[Pied avocet]], ''Recurvirostra avosetta'' ==Thick-knees== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Burhinidae]] The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *[[Eurasian thick-knee]], ''Burhinus oedicnemus'' ==Pratincoles and coursers== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Glareolidae]] Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the [[pratincole]]s, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the [[courser]]s, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *[[Cream-coloured courser]], ''Cursorius cursor'' (A) *[[Collared pratincole]], ''Glareola pratincola'' (A) *[[Black-winged pratincole]], ''Glareola nordmanni'' (A) ==Plovers and lapwings== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Charadriidae]] The family Charadriidae includes the [[plover]]s, [[dotterel]]s and [[lapwing]]s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *[[Northern lapwing]], ''Vanellus vanellus'' *[[Spur-winged plover]], ''Vanellus spinosus'' (A) *[[Sociable lapwing]], ''Vanellus gregarius'' (A) *[[White-tailed lapwing]], ''Vanellus leucurus'' (A) *[[Pacific golden plover]], ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A) *[[American golden plover]], ''Pluvialis dominica'' (A) *[[European golden plover]], ''Pluvialis apricaria'' *[[Black-bellied plover]], ''Pluvialis squatarola'' *[[Common ringed plover]], ''Charadrius hiaticula'' *[[Little ringed plover]], ''Charadrius dubius'' *[[Kentish plover]], ''Charadrius alexandrinus'' *[[Lesser sandplover]], ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A) *[[Greater sandplover]], ''Charadrius leschenaultii'' (A) *[[Caspian plover]], ''Charadrius asiaticus'' (A) *[[Eurasian dotterel]], ''Charadrius morinellus'' ==Sandpipers and allies== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Scolopacidae]] Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the [[sandpiper]]s, [[curlew]]s, [[godwit]]s, [[Tringa|shanks]], [[Tattler (bird)|tattler]]s, [[woodcock]]s, [[snipe]]s, [[dowitcher]]s and [[phalarope]]s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *[[Eurasian woodcock]], ''Scolopax rusticola'' *[[Jack snipe]], ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' *[[Great snipe]], ''Gallinago media'' *[[Common snipe]], ''Gallinago gallinago'' *[[Short-billed dowitcher]], ''Limnodromus griseus'' (A) *[[Long-billed dowitcher]], ''Limnodromus scolopaceus'' (A) *[[Black-tailed godwit]], ''Limosa limosa'' *[[Bar-tailed godwit]], ''Limosa lapponica'' *[[Little curlew]], ''Numenius minutus'' (A) *[[Whimbrel]], ''Numenius phaeopus'' *[[Slender-billed curlew]], ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A) *[[Eurasian curlew]], ''Numenius arquata'' *[[Upland sandpiper]], ''Bartramia longicauda'' (A) *[[Spotted redshank]], ''Tringa erythropus'' *[[Common redshank]], ''Tringa totanus'' *[[Marsh sandpiper]], ''Tringa stagnatilis'' *[[Common greenshank]], ''Tringa nebularia'' *[[Lesser yellowlegs]], ''Tringa flavipes'' (A) *[[Green sandpiper]], ''Tringa ochropus'' *[[Wood sandpiper]], ''Tringa glareola'' *[[Terek sandpiper]], ''Xenus cinereus'' (A) *[[Common sandpiper]], ''Actitis hypoleucos'' *[[Spotted sandpiper]], ''Actitis macularia'' (A) *[[Ruddy turnstone]], ''Arenaria interpres'' *[[Great knot]], ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (A) *[[Red knot]], ''Calidris canutus'' *[[Sanderling]], ''Calidris alba'' *[[Semipalmated sandpiper]], ''Calidris pusilla'' (A) *[[Red-necked stint]], ''Calidris ruficollis'' *[[Little stint]], ''Calidris minuta'' *[[Temminck's stint]], ''Calidris temminckii'' *[[Least sandpiper]], ''Calidris minutilla'' (A) *[[White-rumped sandpiper]], ''Calidris fuscicollis'' (A) *[[Baird's sandpiper]], ''Calidris bairdii'' (A) *[[Pectoral sandpiper]], ''Calidris melanotos'' (A) *[[Sharp-tailed sandpiper]], ''Calidris acuminata'' (A) *[[Curlew sandpiper]], ''Calidris ferruginea'' *[[Dunlin]], ''Calidris alpina'' *[[Purple sandpiper]], ''Calidris maritima'' *[[Stilt sandpiper]], ''Calidris himantopus'' (A) *[[Broad-billed sandpiper]], ''Calidris falcinellus'' *[[Buff-breasted sandpiper]], ''Calidris subruficollis'' (A) *[[Ruff (bird)|Ruff]], ''Calidris pugnax'' *[[Wilson's phalarope]], ''Phalaropus tricolor'' (A) *[[Red-necked phalarope]], ''Phalaropus lobatus'' *[[Red phalarope]], ''Phalaropus fulicarius'' ==Skuas and jaegers== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Stercorariidae]] The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. *[[Great skua]], ''Stercorarius skua'' *[[Pomarine jaeger]], ''Stercorarius pomarinus'' (A) *[[Parasitic jaeger]], ''Stercorarius parasiticus'' *[[Long-tailed jaeger]], ''Stercorarius longicaudus'' ==Gulls, terns, and skimmers== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Laridae]] Laridae is a family of medium to large [[seabird]]s, the [[gull]]s, [[tern]]s, and [[skimmer]]s. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. *[[Common gull]], ''Larus canus'' *[[Ring-billed gull]], ''Larus delawarensis'' (A) *[[Great black-backed gull]], ''Larus marinus'' *[[Glaucous gull]], ''Larus hyperboreus'' *[[Iceland gull]], ''Larus glaucoides'' *[[European herring gull|Herring gull]], ''Larus argentatus'' *[[Lesser black-backed gull]], ''Larus fuscus'' *[[Heuglin's gull]], ''Larus heuglini'' (A) *[[Caspian gull]], ''Larus cachinnans'' (A) *[[Yellow-legged gull]], ''Larus michahellis'' *[[Audouin's gull]], ''Ichthyaetus audouinii'' (A) *[[Pallas's gull]], ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus'' (A) *[[Mediterranean gull]], ''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus'' *[[Black-headed gull]], ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'' *[[Slender-billed gull]], ''Chroicocephalus genei'' (A) *[[Bonaparte's gull]], ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia'' (A) *[[Laughing gull]], ''Leucophaeus atricilla'' (A) *[[Franklin's gull]], ''Leucophaeus pipixcan'' (A) *[[Little gull]], ''Hydrocoloeus minutus'' *[[Ivory gull]], ''Pagophila eburnea'' (A) *[[Ross's gull]], ''Rhodostethia rosea'' (A) *[[Sabine's gull]], ''Xema sabini'' (A) *[[Black-legged kittiwake]], ''Rissa tridactyla'' *[[Gull-billed tern]], ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' *[[Caspian tern]], ''Hydroprogne caspia'' *[[Elegant tern]], ''Thalasseus elegans'' (A) *[[Sandwich tern]], ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' *[[Roseate tern]], ''Sterna dougallii'' (A) *[[Common tern]], ''Sterna hirundo'' *[[Arctic tern]], ''Sterna paradisaea'' *[[Little tern]], ''Sternula albifrons'' *[[Bridled tern]], ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' (A) *[[Sooty tern]], ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A) *[[Whiskered tern]], ''Chlidonias hybrida'' *[[White-winged tern]], ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' *[[Black tern]], ''Chlidonias niger'' *[[Brown noddy]], ''Anous stolidus'' (A) ==Auks, murres and puffins== '''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alcidae]] Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest. *[[Dovekie]], ''Alle alle'' *[[Common murre]], ''Uria aalge'' *[[Thick-billed murre]], ''Uria lomvia'' (A) *[[Razorbill]], ''Alca torda'' *[[Black guillemot]], ''Cepphus grylle'' *[[Atlantic puffin]], ''Fratercula arctica'' ==Sandgrouse== '''Order''': [[Pterocliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pteroclididae]] Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes. *[[Pallas's sandgrouse]], ''Syrrhaptes paradoxus'' (A) *[[Black-bellied sandgrouse]], ''Pterocles orientalis'' (A) ==Pigeons and doves== '''Order''': [[Columbiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Columbidae]] [[Pigeon]]s and [[dove]]s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy [[cere]]. *[[Rock pigeon]], ''Columba livia'' (I) *[[Stock dove]], ''Columba oenas'' *[[Common wood pigeon]], ''Columba palumbus'' *[[European turtle dove]], ''Streptopelia turtur'' *[[Oriental turtle dove]], ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A) *[[Eurasian collared dove]], ''Streptopelia decaocto'' ==Old World parrots== '''Order''': [[Psittaciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Psittaculidae]] *[[Rose-ringed parakeet]], ''Psittacula krameri'' (I) ==Cuckoos and anis== '''Order''': [[Cuculiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cuculidae]] The family Cuculidae includes [[cuckoo]]s, [[Geococcyx|roadrunner]]s and [[Ani (bird)|anis]]. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. *[[Great spotted cuckoo]], ''Clamator glandarius'' (A) *[[Common cuckoo]], ''Cuculus canorus'' *[[Black-billed cuckoo]], ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'' (A) ==Barn owls== '''Order''': [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tytonidae]] [[Barn owl]]s are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *[[Barn owl]], ''Tyto alba'' ==Typical owls== '''Order''': [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Strigidae]] The [[typical owl]]s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *[[European scops owl]], ''Otus scops'' (A) *[[Eurasian eagle-owl]], ''Bubo bubo'' *[[Snowy owl]], ''Bubo scandiacus'' (A) *[[Tawny owl]], ''Strix aluco'' *[[Ural owl]], ''Strix uralensis'' *[[Great grey owl]], ''Strix nebulosa'' (A) *[[Northern hawk-owl]], ''Surnia ulula'' (A) *[[Eurasian pygmy owl]], ''Glaucidium passerinum'' *[[Little owl]], ''Athene noctua'' *[[Boreal owl]], ''Aegolius funereus'' *[[Long-eared owl]], ''Asio otus'' *[[Short-eared owl]], ''Asio flammeus'' ==Nightjars== '''Order''': [[Caprimulgiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Caprimulgidae]] [[Nightjar]]s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *[[Eurasian nightjar]], ''Caprimulgus europaeus'' *[[Egyptian nightjar]], ''Caprimulgus aegyptius'' (A) ==Swifts== '''Order''': [[Apodiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Apodidae]] [[Swift]]s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *[[Alpine swift]], ''Tachymarptis melba'' *[[Common swift]], ''Apus apus'' *[[Pallid swift]], ''Apus pallidus'' (A) ==Kingfishers== '''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alcedinidae]] Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *[[Common kingfisher]], ''Alcedo atthis'' ==Bee-eaters== '''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Meropidae]] The bee-eaters are a group of [[near passerine]] birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *[[Blue-cheeked bee-eater]], ''Merops persicus'' (A) *[[European bee-eater]], ''Merops apiaster'' ==Typical rollers== '''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Coraciidae]] Rollers resemble [[crow]]s in size and build, but are more closely related to the [[kingfisher]]s and [[bee-eater]]s. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *[[European roller]], ''Coracias garrulus'' (A) ==Hoopoes== '''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Upupidae]] Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. There are 2 species worldwide and 1 species which occur in Germany. *[[Hoopoe]], ''Upupa epops'' ==Woodpeckers and allies== '''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Picidae]] Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *[[Eurasian wryneck]], ''Jynx torquilla'' *[[Lesser spotted woodpecker]], ''Dryobates minor'' *[[Middle spotted woodpecker]], ''Dendrocoptes medius'' *[[White-backed woodpecker]], ''Dendrocopos leucotos'' *[[Great spotted woodpecker]], ''Dendrocopos major'' *[[Syrian woodpecker]], ''Dendrocopos syriacus'' (A) *[[Eurasian three-toed woodpecker]], ''Picoides tridactylus'' *[[Black woodpecker]], ''Dryocopus martius'' *[[European green woodpecker]], ''Picus viridis'' *[[Grey-faced woodpecker]], ''Picus canus'' ==Larks== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alaudidae]] Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *[[Calandra lark]], ''Melanocorypha calandra'' (A) *[[Black lark]], ''Melanocorypha yeltoniensis'' (A) *[[Greater short-toed lark]], ''Calandrella brachydactyla'' (A) *[[Lesser short-toed lark]], ''Alaudala rufescens'' (A) *[[Crested lark]], ''Galerida cristata'' *[[Wood lark]], ''Lullula arborea'' *[[Eurasian skylark]], ''Alauda arvensis'' *[[White-winged lark]], ''Alauda leucoptera'' (A) *[[Horned lark]], ''Eremophila alpestris'' ==Swallows and martins== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Hirundinidae]] The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *[[Sand martin]], ''Riparia riparia'' *[[Eurasian crag martin]], ''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'' *[[Barn swallow]], ''Hirundo rustica'' *[[Red-rumped swallow]], ''Cecropis daurica'' (A) *[[Common house martin]], ''Delichon urbica'' ==Wagtails and pipits== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Motacillidae]] Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *[[White wagtail]], ''Motacilla alba'' *[[Citrine wagtail]], ''Motacilla citreola'' (A) *[[Western yellow wagtail]], ''Motacilla flava'' *[[Grey wagtail]], ''Motacilla cinerea'' *[[Richard's pipit]], ''Anthus richardi'' (A) *[[Tawny pipit]], ''Anthus campestris'' *[[Blyth's pipit]], ''Anthus godlewskii'' (A) *[[Tree pipit]], ''Anthus trivialis'' *[[Olive-backed pipit]], ''Anthus hodgsoni'' (A) *[[Meadow pipit]], ''Anthus pratensis'' *[[Red-throated pipit]], ''Anthus cervinus'' *[[Eurasian rock pipit|Rock pipit]], ''Anthus petrosus'' *[[Water pipit]], ''Anthus spinoletta'' *[[Buff-bellied pipit]], ''Anthus rubescens'' (A) ==Kinglets== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Regulidae]] The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the [[titmouse|titmice]]. *[[Goldcrest]], ''Regulus regulus'' *[[Common firecrest]], ''Regulus ignicapillus'' ==Waxwings== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Bombycillidae]] The [[waxwing]]s are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like [[sealing wax]] and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter. *[[Bohemian waxwing]], ''Bombycilla garrulus'' ==Dippers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cinclidae]] Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. *[[White-throated dipper]], ''Cinclus cinclus'' ==Wrens== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Troglodytidae]] The [[wren]]s are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. *[[Eurasian wren]], ''Troglodytes troglodytes'' ==Mockingbirds and thrashers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Mimidae]] The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes [[thrasher]]s, [[mockingbird]]s, [[trembler]]s and the [[New World catbirds]]. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull-greys and browns. *[[Grey catbird]], ''Dumetella carolinensis'' (A) *[[Brown thrasher]], ''Toxostoma rufum'' (A) ==Accentors== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Prunellidae]] The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the [[Palearctic]]. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to [[sparrow]]s. *[[Alpine accentor]], ''Prunella collaris'' *[[Dunnock]], ''Prunella modularis'' ==Thrushes and allies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Turdidae]] The [[Thrush (bird)|thrushes]] are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *[[Siberian thrush]], ''Geokichla sibirica'' (A) *[[Scaly thrush]], ''Zoothera dauma'' (A) *[[Grey-cheeked thrush]], ''Catharus minimus'' (A) *[[Swainson's thrush]], ''Catharus ustulatus'' (A) *[[Hermit thrush]], ''Catharus guttatus'' (A) *[[Tickell's thrush]], ''Turdus unicolor'' (A) *[[Ring ouzel]], ''Turdus torquatus'' *[[Eurasian blackbird]], ''Turdus merula'' *[[Eyebrowed thrush]], ''Turdus obscurus'' (A) *[[Red-throated thrush|Dark-throated thrush]], ''Turdus ruficollis'' (A) *[[Dusky thrush]], ''Turdus naumanni'' (A) *[[Fieldfare]], ''Turdus pilaris'' *[[Redwing]], ''Turdus iliacus'' *[[Song thrush]], ''Turdus philomelos'' *[[Mistle thrush]], ''Turdus viscivorus'' *[[American robin]], ''Turdus migratorius'' (A) ==Cisticolas and allies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cisticolidae]] The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. *[[Zitting cisticola]], ''Cisticola juncidis'' (A) ==Cettiid warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cettiidae]] *[[Cetti's warbler]], ''Cettia cetti'' (A) ==Locustellid warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Locustellidae]] *[[Lanceolated warbler]], ''Locustella lanceolata'' (A) *[[Common grasshopper warbler]], ''Locustella naevia'' *[[Pallas's grasshopper warbler]], ''Locustella certhiola'' (A) *[[Eurasian river warbler]], ''Locustella fluviatilis'' *[[Savi's warbler]], ''Locustella luscinioides'' ==Acrocephalid warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Acrocephalidae]] *[[Moustached warbler]], ''Acrocephalus melanopogon'' (A) *[[Aquatic warbler]], ''Acrocephalus paludicola'' *[[Sedge warbler]], ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' *[[Paddyfield warbler]], ''Acrocephalus agricola'' (A) *[[Eurasian reed warbler]], ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus'' *[[Blyth's reed warbler]], ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) *[[Marsh warbler]], ''Acrocephalus palustris'' *[[Great reed warbler]], ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus'' *[[Booted warbler]], ''Iduna caligata'' (A) *[[Eastern olivaceous warbler]], ''Iduna pallida'' (A) *[[Olive-tree warbler]], ''Hippolais olivetorum'' (A) *[[Melodious warbler]], ''Hippolais polyglotta'' *[[Icterine warbler]], ''Hippolais icterina'' ==Phylloscopid warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phylloscopidae]] *[[Willow warbler]], ''Phylloscopus trochilus'' *[[Common chiffchaff]], ''Phylloscopus collybita'' *[[Western Bonelli's warbler]], ''Phylloscopus bonelli'' *[[Wood warbler]], ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix'' *[[Dusky warbler]], ''Phylloscopus fuscatus'' (A) *[[Radde's warbler]], ''Phylloscopus schwarzi'' (A) *[[Lemon-rumped warbler]], ''Phylloscopus proregulus'' (A) *[[Yellow-browed warbler]], ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' (A) *[[Hume's leaf warbler]], ''Phylloscopus humei'' (A) *[[Arctic warbler]], ''Phylloscopus borealis'' (A) *[[Greenish warbler]], ''Phylloscopus trochiloides'' *[[Eastern crowned warbler]], ''Phylloscopus coronatus'' ==Old World warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sylviidae]] The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs. *[[Eurasian blackcap]], ''Sylvia atricapilla'' *[[Garden warbler]], ''Sylvia borin'' *[[Greater whitethroat]], ''Sylvia communis'' *[[Lesser whitethroat]], ''Sylvia curruca'' *[[Asian desert warbler]], ''Sylvia nana'' (A) *[[Barred warbler]], ''Sylvia nisoria'' *[[Western Orphean warbler]], ''Sylvia hortensis'' (A) *[[Eastern Orphean warbler]], ''Sylvia crassirostris'' (A) *[[Subalpine warbler]], ''Sylvia cantillans'' (A) *[[Sardinian warbler]], ''Sylvia melanocephala'' (A) *[[Spectacled warbler]], ''Sylvia conspicillata'' (A) *[[Dartford warbler]], ''Sylvia undata'' (A) ==Old World flycatchers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Muscicapidae]] Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. There are 23 species which occur in Germany. *[[Common rock thrush]], ''Monticola saxatilis'' (A) *[[Blue rock thrush]], ''Monticola solitarius'' (A) *[[Spotted flycatcher]], ''Muscicapa striata'' *[[European pied flycatcher]], ''Ficedula hypoleuca'' *[[Collared flycatcher]], ''Ficedula albicollis'' *[[Red-breasted flycatcher]], ''Ficedula parva'' *[[European robin]], ''Erithacus rubecula'' *[[Thrush nightingale]], ''Luscinia luscinia'' *[[Common nightingale]], ''Luscinia megarhynchos'' *[[Bluethroat]], ''Luscinia svecica'' *[[Siberian rubythroat]], ''Calliope calliope'' (A) *[[Red-flanked bluetail]], ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' *[[Rufous-tailed scrub robin]], ''Cercotrichas galactotes'' (A) *[[Black redstart]], ''Phoenicurus ochruros'' *[[Common redstart]], ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'' *[[Siberian stonechat]], ''Saxicola maurus'' (A) *[[Whinchat]], ''Saxicola rubetra'' *[[European stonechat]], ''Saxicola rubicola'' *[[White-tailed wheatear]], ''Oenanthe leucopyga'' (A) *[[Black wheatear]], ''Oenanthe leucura'' (A) *[[Northern wheatear]], ''Oenanthe oenanthe'' *[[Pied wheatear]], ''Oenanthe pleschanka'' (A) *[[Black-eared wheatear]], ''Oenanthe hispanica'' (A) *[[Desert wheatear]], ''Oenanthe deserti'' (A) *[[Isabelline wheatear]], ''Oenanthe isabellina'' (A) ==Bearded reedling== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Panuridae]] *[[Bearded reedling]], ''Panurus biarmicus'' ==Long-tailed tits== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Aegithalidae]] Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects. *[[Long-tailed tit]], ''Aegithalos caudatus'' ==Chickadees and titmice== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Paridae]] The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *[[Marsh tit]], ''Poecile palustris'' *[[Willow tit]], ''Poecile montana'' *[[Coal tit]], ''Periparus ater'' *[[Crested tit]], ''Lophophanes cristatus'' *[[Great tit]], ''Parus major'' *[[Eurasian blue tit]], ''Cyanistes caeruleus'' *[[Azure tit]], ''Cyanistes cyanus'' (A) ==Nuthatches== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sittidae]] Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. *[[Eurasian nuthatch]], ''Sitta europaea'' ==Wallcreeper== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tichodromidae]] The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the [[nuthatch]] family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage. *[[Wallcreeper]], ''Tichodroma muraria'' ==Treecreepers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Certhiidae]] Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees. *[[Eurasian treecreeper]], ''Certhia familiaris'' *[[Short-toed treecreeper]], ''Certhia brachydactyla'' ==Penduline tits== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Remizidae]] The penduline tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores. *[[Eurasian penduline tit]], ''Remiz pendulinus'' ==Old World orioles== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Oriolidae]] The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *[[Eurasian golden oriole]], ''Oriolus oriolus'' ==Shrikes== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Laniidae]] Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. *[[Red-backed shrike]], ''Lanius collurio'' *[[Isabelline shrike]], ''Lanius isabellinus'' (A) *[[Brown shrike]], ''Lanius cristatus'' (A) *[[Great grey shrike]], ''Lanius excubitor'' *[[Lesser grey shrike]], ''Lanius minor'' (A) *[[Woodchat shrike]], ''Lanius senator'' ==Crows, jays, ravens and magpies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Corvidae]] The family Corvidae includes [[crow]]s, [[raven]]s, [[jay]]s, [[chough]]s, [[magpie]]s, [[treepie]]s, [[nutcracker (bird)|nutcracker]]s and [[ground jay]]s. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *[[Eurasian jay]], ''Garrulus glandarius'' *[[Eurasian magpie]], ''Pica pica'' *[[Eurasian nutcracker]], ''Nucifraga caryocatactes'' *[[Red-billed chough]], ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax'' (A) *[[Yellow-billed chough]], ''Pyrrhocorax graculus'' *[[Eurasian jackdaw]], ''Corvus monedula'' *[[Rook (bird)|Rook]], ''Corvus frugilegus'' *[[Carrion crow]], ''Corvus corone'' *[[Common raven]], ''Corvus corax'' *[[Hooded crow]], ''Corvus cornix'' ==Starlings== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sturnidae]] Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *[[Rosy starling]], ''Pastor roseus'' (A) *[[European starling]], ''Sturnus vulgaris'' ==Vireos== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Vireonidae]] The [[vireo]]s are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble [[New World warbler|wood warblers]] apart from their heavier bills. *[[Yellow-throated vireo]], ''Vireo flavifrons'' (A) *[[Red-eyed vireo]], ''Vireo olivaceus'' (A) ==New World warblers== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Parulidae]] The [[New World warbler]]s are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. *[[Black-throated green warbler]], ''Setophaga virens'' (A) ==Buntings, sparrows, seedeaters and allies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Emberizidae]] The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. *[[Yellowhammer]], ''Emberiza citrinella'' *[[Pine bunting]], ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A) *[[Cirl bunting]], ''Emberiza cirlus'' *[[Rock bunting]], ''Emberiza cia'' *[[Cinereous bunting]], ''Emberiza cineracea'' (A) *[[Ortolan bunting]], ''Emberiza hortulana'' *[[Cretzschmar's bunting]], ''Emberiza caesia'' (A) *[[Little bunting]], ''Emberiza pusilla'' (A) *[[Rustic bunting]], ''Emberiza rustica'' (A) *[[Yellow-breasted bunting]], ''Emberiza aureola'' (A) *[[Black-headed bunting]], ''Emberiza melanocephala'' (A) *[[Red-headed bunting]], ''Emberiza bruniceps'' (A) *[[Black-faced bunting]], ''Emberiza spodocephala'' (A) *[[Reed bunting]], ''Emberiza schoeniclus'' *[[Corn bunting]], ''Emberiza calandra'' *[[Fox sparrow]], ''Passerella iliaca'' (A) ==Snow buntings and longspurs== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Calcariidae]] *[[Lapland longspur]], ''Calcarius lapponicus'' *[[Snow bunting]], ''Plectrophenax nivalis'' ==Saltators, cardinals and allies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cardinalidae]] The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. *[[Indigo bunting]], ''Passerina cyanea'' (A) ==Siskins, crossbills and allies== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Fringillidae]] [[Finch]]es are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. *[[Common chaffinch]], ''Fringilla coelebs'' *[[Brambling]], ''Fringilla montifringilla'' *[[Pine grosbeak]], ''Pinicola enucleator'' (A) *[[Common rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus erythrinus'' *[[Parrot crossbill]], ''Loxia pytyopsittacus'' (A) *[[Red crossbill]], ''Loxia curvirostra'' *[[White-winged crossbill]], ''Loxia leucoptera'' (A) *[[European greenfinch]], ''Chloris chloris'' *[[Common redpoll]], ''Acanthis flammea'' *[[Hoary redpoll]], ''Acanthis hornemanni'' (A) *[[Eurasian siskin]], ''Spinus spinus'' *[[European goldfinch]], ''Carduelis carduelis'' *[[Twite]], ''Linaria flavirostris'' *[[Common linnet]], ''Linaria cannabina'' *[[European serin]], ''Serinus serinus'' *[[Citril finch]], ''Serinus citrinella'' *[[Eurasian bullfinch]], ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula'' *[[Hawfinch]], ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' *[[Trumpeter finch]], ''Bucanetes githaginea'' (A) ==Sparrows== '''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Passeridae]] [[Sparrow]]s are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *[[House sparrow]], ''Passer domesticus'' *[[Eurasian tree sparrow]], ''Passer montanus'' *[[Rock petronia]], ''Petronia petronia'' (A) *[[White-winged snowfinch]], ''Montifringilla nivalis'' ==See also== *[[List of birds]] *[[Lists of birds by region]] ==References== *{{cite web | last = Lepage | first = Denis | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=de&pg=checklist&list=clements | title = Checklist of birds of Germany | format = | work = Bird Checklists of the World | publisher = Avibase | accessdate = 26 April 2007 }} *{{cite book | title=Birds of the World: a Checklist | first= James F. | last = Clements | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-934797-16-1 | pages = 880 }} {{Europe topic|prefix = List of birds of}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Germany}} [[Category:Lists of birds by country]] [[Category:Lists of birds of Europe]] [[Category:Fauna of Germany|birds]] [[Category:Lists of biota of Germany|Birds]]'