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'{{Infobox person |name = Susanna Cole |other names = Susanna Hutchinson |image=Anne Hutchinson statue.jpeg |caption=Susanna Cole as a child with her mother, [[Anne Hutchinson]], in a bronze memorial at the Massachusetts State House |birth_date = baptized 15 November 1633 |birth_place = [[Alford, Lincolnshire|Alford]], [[Lincolnshire]], England |death_date = by December 14, 1713 |death_place = [[North Kingstown]], [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]] |occupation = Indian captive during [[Kieft's War]] |religion = |education = |spouse = John Cole |children = Susanna, Samuel, Mary, John, Anne, John, Hannah, William, Francis, Elizabeth, Elisha |parents= [[William Hutchinson (Rhode Island)|William Hutchinson]] and [[Anne Hutchinson|Anne (Marbury) Hutchinson]] }} '''Susanna Cole''' (née '''Hutchinson'''; 1633 – before December 14, 1713) was the lone survivor of an American Indian attack in which many of her siblings were killed, as well as her famed mother [[Anne Hutchinson]]. She was taken captive following the attack and held for several years before her release. Susanna Hutchinson was born in [[Alford, Lincolnshire|Alford]], [[Lincolnshire]], England and was less than a year old when her family sailed from England to [[New England]] in 1634. She was less than five when her family settled on [[Aquidneck Island]] (later Rhode Island) in the [[Narragansett Bay]] following her mother's banishment from [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|Massachusetts]] during the [[Antinomian Controversy]]. Her father died when she was about eight years old, and she, her mother, and six of her siblings left Rhode Island to live in [[New Netherland]]. They settled in an area that became the far northeastern section of [[The Bronx]] in [[New York City]], near the [[Westchester County]] line. The family found themselves caught in the middle of [[Kieft's War]] between the local [[Siwanoy]] Indians and the colony of [[New Netherland]], and they were all massacred in August 1643, except for Susanna. She was taken captive by the Indians, and was traded back to the English three years later. When Susanna was released from her Indian captivity, she was taken to Boston where her oldest brother and an older sister lived, was re-introduced into English society, and married John Cole at the age of 18, the son of Boston innkeeper [[Samuel Cole (settler)|Samuel Cole]]. They lived in Boston for a few years, but moved by 1663 to the Narragansett country of [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]] (later [[North Kingstown]]) to look after the lands of her oldest brother [[Edward Hutchinson (captain)|Edward Hutchinson]]. Here the couple remained and raised a large family. Susanna Cole was still alive in 1707 when given administration of her husband's estate, but was deceased by December 1713 when her son William took receipts concerning his parents' estate. == Early life == Susanna Hutchinson was baptized in Alford, Lincolnshire on 15 November 1633. She was the youngest child of [[William Hutchinson (Rhode Island)|William]] and [[Anne Hutchinson]] to accompany her parents on the voyage from England to [[New England]] in 1634.{{sfn|Anderson|2003|p=481}} She was the couple's 14th child, of whom 11 survived to make the trip to the [[New World]]; a 15th child was born in New England.{{sfn|Anderson|2003|pp=477–81}} The family settled in [[Boston]] and lived across the street from magistrate [[John Winthrop]], who was a judge during the civil trial in 1637 that led to her mother's banishment from the Massachusetts colony.{{sfn|LaPlante|2004|p=73}} While Hutchinson was still very young, her mother hosted popular religious discussions at their home. Her mother's religious views were at odds with the orthodoxy of the [[Puritan]] ministers; she helped to create a major division in the Boston church and an untenable situation for the colony's leaders.{{sfn|LaPlante|2004|pp=44–5}} The family was forced to leave Massachusetts; they settled with many of her mother's supporters on [[Aquidneck Island|Rhode Island]] in the [[Narragansett Bay]], establishing the settlement of [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]] which soon became a part of the [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]].{{sfn|Bicknell|1920|p=975}} Susanna was less than five years old when the family left Boston, and she was about eight when her father died in Portsmouth.{{sfn|Anderson|2003|pp=479–82}} Susanna's widowed mother was frightened at the prospect of Massachusetts gaining influence or control over Rhode Island. Consequently, she moved to the part of [[New Netherland]] that later became [[The Bronx]] in [[New York City]], along with her six youngest children, an older son, a son-in-law, and some servants.{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|p=227}} The Dutch were engaged in [[Kieft's War]] against the [[Siwanoy]] Indians during the family's tenure there. In August 1643, Siwonoy attacked the emigrant household and killed all members of the family, except for nine year-old Susanna. According to one story, Susanna's red hair spared her from the slaughter,{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|pp=3,11}} while another account claimed that the girl was out picking blueberries some distance from the house and hid in the crevice of [[Split Rock (Bronx, New York)|Split Rock]].{{sfn|LaPlante|2004|p=239}} In any event, the attackers took her captive and held her for several years.{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|p=228}} [[File:SplitRock.EastFace.LookingWest.20110820.jpg|thumb|right|[[Split Rock (Bronx, New York)|Split Rock]], where one legend says that Susanna Hutchinson hid during the Indian massacre which killed her mother and siblings]] Massachusetts governor [[John Winthrop]] provides an account of Susanna in his journal, under the date of July 1646: <blockquote>A daughter of Mrs. Hutchinson was carried away by the Indians near the Dutch, when her mother and others were killed by them; and upon the peace concluded between the Dutch and the same Indians, she was returned to the Dutch governor, who restored her to her friends here. She was about eight years old, when she was taken, and continued with them about four years, and she had forgot her own language, and all her friends, and was loath to have come from the Indians.{{sfn|Winthrop|1908|pp=276–277}}</blockquote> Winthrop says that Hutchinson was captive for about four years, although his journal makes clear that her captivity lasted less than three years.{{cn|date=February 2017}} When she returned to Boston, her living siblings were her oldest brother [[Edward Hutchinson (captain)|Edward]], brother Samuel, and her two oldest living sisters Faith (the wife of [[Thomas Savage (major)|Thomas Savage]]) and Bridget (the wife of [[John Sanford (governor)|John Sanford]]).{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|p=vi}} Faith lived in Mount Wollaston, about ten miles south of Boston; Bridget lived in Portsmouth, Rhode Island; and Samuel's residence is unknown. Only her brother Edward is known to have lived in Boston proper, and it is likely that Susanna came to live with him and his family.{{Sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|p=228}}{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} On 30 December 1651, she married John Cole in Boston, the son of Boston innkeeper [[Samuel Cole (settler)|Samuel Cole]], who had established Boston's first tavern in 1634.{{Sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|p=228}}{{sfn|Winthrop|1908|p=120}} == Adult life == Susanna and John Cole began raising a family in Boston, but they went to look after her brother's land in the Narragansett country by 1663, which was then in disputed territory but later became [[North Kingstown]], [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]].{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Here the Coles lived for the remainder of their lives, rearing many children.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} The will of John Cole's father Samuel Cole, dated 21 December 1666, left a property at Bendall's Dock in Boston to Susanna and her children to satisfy an agreement with Susanna's brother [[Edward Hutchinson (captain)|Edward Hutchinson]] and uncle [[Edward Hutchinson (mercer)#Samuel Hutchinson|Samuel Hutchinson]].{{sfn|Holman|1943|p=194}} This property was leased out in 1676, and sold in 1698 for £160.{{sfn|Holman|1943|p=195}} In April 1667, John Cole deeded their house in Boston to Susanna's brother Edward and uncle Samuel, signifying that they intended to remain in Narragansett.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} They lived in the vicinity of [[Wickford, Rhode Island|Wickford]], an area claimed by both [[Connecticut Colony|Connecticut]] and Rhode Island.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Many of the Wickford inhabitants preferred to be under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, and John Cole became a magistrate and commissioner for the area in the late 1660s under the auspices of the Connecticut government.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Rhode Island was eventually given control over the Narragansett lands following many years of dispute and tension, and John Cole was made a conservator of the peace under the Rhode Island government in 1682.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} John died by 1707, and Susanna and her son William were given administration of his estate during that year.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Susanna died by 14 December 1713, and her son William "took receipts from heirs for their full proportion of estate of deceased father and mother."{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} == Family and Legacy == Susanna and John Cole had 11 children: Susanna, Samuel, Mary, John, Ann, a second John, Hannah, William, Francis, Elizabeth, and Elisha; at least 9 of them grew to maturity. Their oldest daughter Susanna married Thomas Eldred, but the fate is not known of their oldest son Samuel.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Mary lived into her 60s, never marrying, and John, Jr. died as a youngster.{{Sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Ann married Henry Bull, the son of Jireh Bull, and grandson of Rhode Island colonial governor [[Henry Bull (governor)|Henry Bull]].{{sfn|Austin|1887|pp=264–5}} A second John grew to maturity; Hannah married Thomas Place; and William married Ann Pinder.{{Sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Francis grew to maturity; Elizabeth married Robert Potter; and Elisha married Elizabeth Dexter and was a Deputy or Assistant in the Rhode Island colony for many years.{{sfn|Austin|1887|p=50}} Among her well-known descendants are two aspirants to the United States Presidency: [[Stephen Arnold Douglas]], who lost to [[Abraham Lincoln]] in the [[United States presidential election, 1860|1860 election]], and [[Willard Mitt Romney]], who lost to [[Barack Obama]] in [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]].{{sfn|Family Search|2008}} Her grandson [[John Cole (judge)|John Cole]], the son of Elisha Cole, was a chief justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court. There have been numerous books and articles written about Susanna Cole's famous mother [[Anne Hutchinson]], most of which mention Susanna. The novel ''Trouble's Daughter'' by Katherine Kirkpatrick presents a fictionalized account about Susanna's life with the Indians who captured her, but it also presents some of the limited historical information that is available about her.{{sfn|Kirkpatrick|1998|pp=1–230}} A bronze statue in front of the Massachusetts State House in Boston displays an assumed likeness of Cole as a youngster and her mother Anne Hutchinson; it was dedicated in 1922.{{sfn|Art Around the World|2007}} == Ancestry == Some of Susanna's ancestry on her father's side was published by John D. Champlin in 1913, and he published much of her ancestry on her mother's side the following year.{{sfn|Champlin|1913|pp=2–3}}{{sfn|Champlin|1914|17–26}} {{ahnentafel top|width=100%}} <center> {{ahnentafel-compact5 |style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; |border=1 |boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Susanna Hutchinson (1633–1713) |2= 2. [[William Hutchinson (Rhode Island)|William Hutchinson]] (1586–1641) |3= 3. [[Anne Hutchinson|Anne Marbury]] (1591–1643) |4= 4. [[Edward Hutchinson (mercer)|Edward Hutchinson]] (1564–1631) |5= 5. Susanna (died c. 1645) |6= 6. [[Francis Marbury]] (1555–1611) |7= 7. Bridget Dryden (c. 1563 – 1645) |8= 8. John Hutchinson (1515–1565) |9= 9. Anne (______) Clint (1519–1586) |12= 12. William Marbury (c. 1524 – 1581) |13= 13. Agnes Lenton |14= 14. John Dryden (1525–1584) |15= 15. Elizabeth Cope (1529–1584) |16= 16. William Hutchinson |17= 17. Ann |18= 18. William Beckwith Clint |19= 19. Mary Solomon |24= 24. Robert Marbury (c. 1490 – 1545) |25= 25. Katharine Williamson (c 1508 – 1525) |26= 26. John Lenton |28= 28. David Dryden (c. 1500 – after 1540) |29= 29. Isabel Nicholson |30= 30. Sir John Cope (c. 1504 – 1559) |31= 31. Bridget Raleigh }}</center> {{ahnentafel bottom}} ==See also== * [[History of Rhode Island]] * [[List of Indian massacres]] {{Clear}} ==References== {{Reflist|20em}} ===Bibliography=== *{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Robert C. |authorlink=Robert Charles Anderson |title=The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England 1634–1635 |volume=Vol. III G-H |year=2003 |publisher=[[New England Historic Genealogical Society]] |location=Boston |isbn=0-88082-158-2|ref=harv}} *{{Cite book|last=Austin |first=John Osborne | authorlink = John Osborne Austin | title=Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island|place=Albany, New York |publisher=J. Munsell's Sons|isbn=978-0-8063-0006-1 |year=1887 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LA7ntaS11ocC&dq=governor+%22samuel+cranston%22+rhode+island&q=abbott%2C+daniel+235#v=onepage&q=abbott%2C%20daniel%20235&f=false|ref=harv}} *{{cite book|last=Bicknell |first=Thomas Williams |authorlink=Thomas W. Bicknell |title=The History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |year=1920 |volume=Vol.3 |publisher=The American Historical Society |place=New York |page=925 |oclc=1953313 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TF0EAAAAYAAJ&q=Greene&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=5#v=snippet&q=Greene&f=false|ref=harv}} *{{cite journal |last=Champlin |first=John Denison |authorlink=John Denison Champlin, Jr. |title=The Tragedy of Anne Hutchinson |journal= Journal of American History |volume=5 |issue=3 |year=1913 |place=Twin Falls, Idaho |pages=1–11|ref=harv}} *{{cite journal |last=Champlin |first=John Denison |authorlink=John Denison Champlin, Jr. |title=The Ancestry of Anne Hutchinson |journal=New York Genealogical and Biographical Record|year=1914 |volume=XLV |publisher=New York Genealogical and Biographical Society|place=New York |pages=17–26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dYUAAAAYAAJ|ref=harv }} *{{cite journal |last=Holman |first=Mary Lovering |title=Parentage of John Cole of Boston, Mass., and Rhode Island |journal=New England Historical and Genealogical Register |date=April 1943 |volume=97 |pages=194–195 |isbn=0-7884-0293-5 |ref=harv}} *{{Cite book|last=Kirkpatrick |first=Katherine |title=Trouble's Daughter, the Story of Susanna Hutchinson, Indian Captive |year=1998 |publisher=Delacorte Press |location=New York |isbn=0-385-32600-9|ref=harv }} *{{cite book|last=LaPlante |first=Eve | authorlink = Eve LaPlante | title=American Jezebel, the Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman who Defied the Puritans |year=2004 |publisher=Harper Collins |place=San Francisco |isbn=0-06-056233-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTj1N-egHsMC&pg=PA209&lpg=PA209&dq=portsmouth+rhode+hutchinson#v=onepage&q=portsmouth%20rhode%20hutchinson&f=false|ref=harv}} *{{cite book|last=Winthrop |first=John |authorlink=John Winthrop|editor-last=Hosmer|editor-first=James Kendall|title=Winthrop's Journal "History of New England" 1630–1649|place=New York|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=1908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hMOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=Winthrop%27s+Journal+a+daughter+of+Mrs.+Hutchinson&source=bl&ots=o_AHOgkJYy&sig=NyFi_ZNcDSdCur024dKyKdijRfc&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Winthrop%27s%20Journal%20a%20daughter%20of%20Mrs.%20Hutchinson&f=false|ref=harv}} ; Online sources * {{cite web | publisher = Art Around the World | title = Anne Hutchinson Statue | year = 2007 | url = http://www.publicartaroundtheworld.com/Anne_Hutchinson_Statue.html | accessdate= 20 October 2012 | ref = {{sfnRef|Art Around the World|2007}} }} * {{cite web | publisher = Family Search | title = Howland and Hutchinson Descendant Charts | date = 3 September 2008 | url = https://wiki.familysearch.org/en/Howland_and_Hutchinson_descendant_charts | accessdate=12 February 2012 | ref = {{sfnRef|Family Search|2008}} }} == External links == *[http://www.esthersscrapbook.com/Susanna.html Biography] A short biography of Susanna Cole *[http://www.publicartaroundtheworld.com/Anne_Hutchinson_Statue.html Statue info] Background on the Anne Hutchinson statue; while this source gives a dedication year of 1915, most other sources give the year as 1922. *[http://theusgenweb.org/ri/washington/NK/kingstown1.html Cole info] This early history of Kingstowne has material on John Cole, though there are many errors concerning family relationships. *[http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/p/e/n/Victoria-L-Penley/FILE/0014text.txt Eldred family] {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}} {{Good article}} {{portal bar|Biography|Massachusetts|New England|New York|Rhode Island|United States}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Susanna}} [[Category:1633 births]] [[Category:1713 deaths]] [[Category:17th-century English people]] [[Category:17th-century American people]] [[Category:18th-century American people]] [[Category:17th-century American women]] [[Category:18th-century American women]] [[Category:17th-century English women]] [[Category:Women in 17th-century warfare]] [[Category:Children in war]] [[Category:Colonial American women]] [[Category:Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies]] [[Category:Captives of Native Americans]] [[Category:People from Alford, Lincolnshire]] [[Category:People from Boston]] [[Category:People from North Kingstown, Rhode Island]] [[Category:People of colonial Rhode Island]] [[Category:Kieft's War]] [[Category:Women of the Stuart period]]'