Examine individual changes

'{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}} <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> {|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin |name= BT-13 Valiant |image= File:BT-13 Valiant.jpg |caption= BT-13 Valiant in flight }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |type= Trainer |manufacturer= [[Vultee Aircraft]] |first flight= March 1939 |introduced = June 1940 |primary user= [[United States Army Air Forces]] |more users= [[United States Navy]] |number built= 9,525 }} |} The '''Vultee BT-13 Valiant''' was an American [[World War II]]-era advanced (although called basic) [[trainer aircraft]] built by [[Vultee Aircraft]] for the [[United States Army Air Corps]], and later [[US Army Air Forces]]. A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the '''BT-15 Valiant''', while an identical version for the [[US Navy]] was known as the '''SNV''' and was used to train [[naval aviator]]s for the US Navy and its sister services, the [[US Marine Corps]] and [[US Coast Guard]].<ref>Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,'' pp. 107–120, Cypress, CA, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-9897906-0-4}}.</ref> ==Design and development== The Vultee '''BT-13''' was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in [[PT-13]], [[PT-17]], or [[PT-19]] trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for continued flight training. The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate [[Flap (aircraft)|landing flaps]] and a two-position [[Hamilton Standard]] [[controllable-pitch propeller]]. It did not, however, have retractable landing gear nor a hydraulic system. The flaps were operated by a crank-and-cable system. Its pilots nicknamed it the "Vultee Vibrator." Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same [[Pratt & Whitney]] engine, some were equipped with [[Wright Aeronautical|Wright]] powerplants of similar size and power built in 1941–42. The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated '''BT-15'''. The Navy adopted the P&W powered aircraft as their main basic trainer, designating it the '''SNV'''. The BT-13 production run outnumbered all other Basic Trainer (BT) types produced.<ref>Herman, Arthur. ''Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II,'' pp. 203, 262–3, Random House, New York, NY, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-4000-6964-4}}.</ref><ref>Parker, Dana T. ''Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,'' pp. 107, 109, 111, 113–4, Cypress, CA, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0-9897906-0-4}}.</ref><ref>Borth, Christy. ''Masters of Mass Production,'' pp. 251, 252, Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, IN, 1945.</ref> In 1938, Vultee chief designer Richard Palmer began designing a single-engine fighter aircraft. About that time, the [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] issued a solicitation for an advanced trainer, with the promise of a substantial order if selected. Palmer adapted his design concept from a fighter to an advanced trainer, resulting in the '''V-51''' prototype. [[File:Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight c1940.jpg|right|thumb|Vultee BC-3 prototype in flight]] The prototype flew on 24 March 1939<ref name="wegg p158">Wegg 1990, p. 158.</ref> as a [[cantilever]] low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, with fabric-covered control surfaces. It was powered by a [[Pratt & Whitney R-1340]]-S3H1-G Wasp radial engine of 600&nbsp;hp (450&nbsp;kW), driving a two-blade variable-pitch metal propeller. It had an enclosed cockpit for the instructor and student, integral wing fuel tanks, and a hydraulic system to operate the flaps and retractable main landing gear. The '''V-51''' was entered into the USAAC competition as the '''BC-51''' in May 1939. The USAAC instead chose the [[North American BC-2]] in the competition, but also purchased the '''BC-51''' prototype for further study, designating it the '''BC-3'''. Palmer refined his design, resulting in the '''VF-54''', with the goal of selling the trainer to other countries. It used the same basic airframe as the '''VF-51''', but was fitted with a lower powered engine. However, no export sales resulted from this proposal. The '''V-54''' was further refined, resulting in the '''VF-54A''', with a well-faired fixed landing gear, manually-operated landing flaps, powered by a [[Pratt & Whitney R-985]]-T3B Wasp Jr. radial rated at 450&nbsp;hp (340&nbsp;kW). It was offered to the USAAC in this form, and in August 1939 the type was ordered as the '''BT-13'''. The initial order was for 300 aircraft with a [[Pratt & Whitney R-985]]-25 radial. The first aircraft was delivered to the USAAC in June 1940. [[File:Vultee BT-13A on runway at Minter Field (00910460 147).jpg|right|thumb|Vultee BT-13 on runway at [[Shafter Airport|Minter Field]], California, 1 March 1943]] [[File:16 19 006 vultee.jpg|right|thumb|Vultee BT-13 Valiant at the [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]] at [[Robins AFB]], Georgia]] The '''BT-13A''' was produced to the extent of 7,037 aircraft and differed only in the substitution of a [[Pratt & Whitney R-985]]-AN-1 radial engine, and deletion of the landing gear fairings. 1,125 units designated '''BT-13B''' were then produced; they differed from the A model in replacing the 12v electrical system with a 24v system. Due an industry-wide demand for the Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine, a total of 1,263 units were then produced incorporating the [[Wright R-975]]-11 engine of equal power rating. They were accepted by the USAAC as '''BT-15'''. The US Navy also ordered 1,150 BT-13A models under the designation '''SNV-1'''. It also ordered another 650 units designated '''SNV-2''', based on the '''BT-13B'''. Once in service, the aircraft quickly got its nickname of "Vibrator." There are several explanations given for this nickname. 1: Because it had a tendency to shake quite violently as it approached its stall speed. 2. During more adventurous maneuvers the canopy vibrated. 3. On takeoff, the aircraft caused windows on the ground to vibrate. 4. The two-position propeller had an irritating vibration in high pitch. The '''BT-13''' served its intended purpose well. It and its successors were unforgiving aircraft to fly, but were also extremely agile. Thus the '''BT-13''' made a good aircraft to help transition many hundreds of pilots toward their advanced trainers and fighters yet to be mastered. The BT-13 was not without its faults. The tail was held on with only three bolts and after several in-flight failures, the Navy restricted the aircraft from aerobatic and violent maneuvers. The Navy declared the SNV obsolete in May 1945 and replaced it in the basic training role with the SNJ (T-6). The Army also replaced the BT-13 with the AT-6 before the end of the war. After World War II, virtually all were sold as surplus for a few hundred dollars each. Many were purchased just to obtain their engines, which were mounted on surplus biplanes (such as [[Boeing-Stearman Model 75|Stearman]]s) to replace their less powerful engines for use as cropdusters. The BT airframes were then scrapped. Several others were modified as multi-passenger civilian aircraft; one as the "Viceroy" and at least two others by a different firm. Today, some "BT's" (collectively, BT-13s, BT-15s and SNVs) are still flying, though in very limited numbers (and none in military or government service). ==Variants== [[File:Vultee BT-15.jpg|thumb|right|BT-15]] [[File:Vultee SNV-2.jpg|thumb|right|SNV-2]] ;BC-3 :Vultee Model V.51 with retractable landing gear and a 600hp P&W [[R-1340]]-45, one built, not developed. ;BT-13 :Vultee Model V.54 with fixed undercarriage and a 450hp P&W [[R-985]]-25 engine, 300 built. ;BT-13A :As BT-13 but fitted with a 450hp R-985-AN-1 engine and minor changes, 6407 built, survivors re-designated T-13A in 1948. ;BT-13B :As BT-13A but with a 24-volt electrical system, 1125 built. ;BT-15 :As BT-13A with a 450hp Wright [[R-975]]-11 engine, 1693 built. ;XBT-16 :One BT-13A was re-built in 1942 by Vidal with an all-plastic fuselage as the XBT-16. ;SNV-1 :BT-13As for the United States Navy, 1350 transferred from United States Army Air Corps. ;SNV-2 :BT-13Bs for the United States Navy, 650 transferred from United States Army Air Corps. ;T-13A :Surviving BT-13As were re-designated in 1948, due to dual allocation of T-13 with the [[PT-13]] in practice they were still known as the BT-13 to avoid confusion. ==Operators== ;{{ARG}} * [[Argentine Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159">Wegg 1990, p. 139.</ref> * [[Argentine Navy]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{BOL}} * [[Bolivian Air Force]] (BT-13)<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{BRA}} * [[Brazilian Air Force]] (120 BT-15s)<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{CHI}} * [[Chilean Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{CHN}} ;{{COL}} * [[Colombian Air Force]] (Fourteen BT-15s)<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{China as ROC}}<ref name="wegg p160">Wegg 1990, p. 160.</ref> ;{{CUB}} * [[Cuban Air Force]] ;{{DOM}} * [[Dominican Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{ECU}} * [[Ecuadorian Air Force]] ;{{flag|Egypt|1922}} ;{{flag|El Salvador}} * [[Air Force of El Salvador]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{FRA}} * [[French Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159-0">Wegg 1990, pp. 159–160.</ref> ;{{flag|Guatemala}} * [[Guatemalan Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{flag|Haiti}} * [[Armed Forces of Haiti]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{HON}} * [[Honduran Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{IDN}} * [[Indonesian Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p160"/> ;{{ISR}} * [[Israeli Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p160"/> ;{{MEX}}<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{flag|Nicaragua}} * [[Nicaraguan Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{PAN}} ;{{PAR}}<ref name="wegg p159"/> * [[Paraguayan Air Arm]] 10 BT-13A received through Lend-Lease 1942–1943. Two BT-13 bought in Argentina in 1947. * [[Paraguayan Naval Aviation]] Three BT-13 donated by Argentina in the 1960s. ;{{PER}} *[[Peruvian Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> ;{{PHI}}<ref name="wegg p160"/> ;{{USSR}} * [[Soviet Air Force]]{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} ;{{flag|United States|1912}} * [[United States Air Force]] * [[United States Army Air Forces]] * [[United States Navy]] ;{{VEN}} *[[Venezuelan Air Force]]<ref name="wegg p159"/> *Centro de Instruccion Aeronautica Civil ==Surviving aircraft== '''Australia''' * 41-23063 – BT-13A airworthy with John Kempton in [[Albury, New South Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft Register [VH-JKV]|url=https://www.casa.gov.au/aircraft-register?vh=JKV|website=Australian Government Civil Aviation Safety Authority|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23063 USAAF, c/n 7710, c/r VH-JKV|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26463|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> ;Brazil * 1072 – BT-15 on static display at the [[Museu Aeroespacial]] in [[Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VULTEE BT-15 – VALIANT &#124; CONSOLIDATED VULTEE AIRCRAFT|url=http://www2.fab.mil.br/musal/index.php/anvs/357-bt-15|website=Museu Aeroespacial|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 1072 FABr, c/n 74A-3240, c/r PP-GRH|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=99504|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-1216 – BT-13A in storage at [[Museu TAM]] in [[São Carlos|São Carlos, São Paulo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-1216 USAAF, c/r N56665|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=27791|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> ;Canada *42-89379 – BT-13A airworthy in [[Edenvale, Ontario]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89379 USAAF, c/r N79VV|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=32335|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2017}}<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N79VV]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N79VV|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2017}} ;Indonesia * Unknown ID – Unknown Variant on display at [[Museum Pusat TNI-AU Dirgantara Mandala]] in [[Jogjakarta]], Indonesia.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} * Unknown ID – Unknown Variant on display at [[Ngurah Rai International Airport]] in [[Denpasar, Bali]].{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} ;United States * 3022 – SNV-1 on static display at Main Campus of the [[Kalamazoo Air Zoo]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 Valiant|url=http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?page_id=144|website=Air Zoo|publisher=Air Zoo|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee SNV-1 Valiant, s/n 03022 USN, c/n 3183|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=6683|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 156739 – SNV-1 airworthy at the [[Estrella Warbirds Museum]] in [[Paso Robles, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1941 Vultee SNV-1 (BT13-A) Vibrator|url=http://www.ewarbirds.org/vulteeSNV.html|website=Estrella Warbirds Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, c/r N56319|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25049|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N56319]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N56319|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-11355 – BT-13A on static display at the [[National Naval Aviation Museum]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]]. It is painted as an SNV-1.<ref>{{cite web|title=SNV VALIANT|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=snv_valiant|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|publisher=Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11355 USAAF, c/n 74-2365, c/r N60828|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29076|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> * 41-11538 – BT-13A airworthy with the [[Commemorative Air Force]] Minnesota Wing in [[South St. Paul, Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.cafmn.org/vultee-bt-13-valiant.html|website=Commemorative Air Force Minnesota Wing|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-11538 USAAF, c/r N52411|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=26851|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N52411]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N52411|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-11584 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Combat Air Museum]] in [[Topeka, Kansas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.combatairmuseum.org/aircraft/vultee.html|website=Combat Air Museum|publisher=Combat Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-21487 – BT-13A on static display at the [[March Field Air Museum]] in [[Riverside, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/trainer/bt-13a-valiant-vultee|website=March Field Air Museum|publisher=March Field Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> It is painted as 41-22365.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 41-21487 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=19702|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-21933 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center]] at [[Travis Air Force Base]] in [[Fairfield, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Indoor Exhibits – Basic Trainers|url=https://travisheritagecenter.org/html/trainers.html|website=Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center|publisher=Travis Heritage Center|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-21933 USAAF, c/n 5772|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=18096|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-22124 – BT-13A in storage at the [[Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility]] of the [[National Air and Space Museum]] in [[Suitland, Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13A Valiant|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum|accessdate=29 April 2017}}</ref> * 41-22441 – BT-13A airworthy at the [[Mid-Atlantic Air Museum]] in [[Reading, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rambow|first1=Bill|title=Consolidated Vultee BT-13A/SNV-1 "Valiant"|url=http://www.maam.org/aircraft/bt-13.html|website=Mid-Atlantic Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-22441 USAAF, c/r N60277|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28967|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60277]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60277|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 41-23075 – BT-13A airworthy on loan from Rene J. Vercruyssen to the Chico Air Museum in [[Chico, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Chico Air Museum Photo Gallery|url=http://www.chicoairmuseum.org/Photo-Gallery.html|website=Chico Air Museum|publisher=Chico Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Urseny|first1=Laura|title=BT-13 trainer brings WWII era back to Chico airport|url=http://www.chicoer.com/general-news/20160202/bt-13-trainer-brings-wwii-era-back-to-chico-airport|accessdate=15 November 2016|work=Chico Enterprise-Record|publisher=Chico Enterprise-Record|date=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 41-23075 USAAF, c/r N59961|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28857|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N59961]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=59961|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-04130 – BT-13A on static display at [[Goodfellow Air Force Base]] in [[San Angelo, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fischer|first1=William|title=BT-13A Valiant|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=12029|website=HMdb.org|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=3 October 2008}}</ref> * 42-41303 – Unknown variant on static display at the [[Gunter Annex]] of [[Maxwell Air Force Base]] in [[Montgomery, Alabama]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee Valiant, s/n 42-41303 USAAF|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=138|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-42353 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Pima Air Museum]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite web|title=VALIANT|url=http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/vultee-bt-13a-valiant|website=Pima Air & Space Museum|publisher=Pimaair.org|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-88675 – BT-13A airworthy at the National Wasp WWII Museum in [[Sweetwater, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restored BT-13 Donated to The National WASP Museum|url=http://www.warbirdsnews.com/warbirds-news/restored-bt-13-donated-the-national-wasp-museum.html|website=Warbirds News|publisher=Warbirds News|accessdate=26 September 2017|date=22 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-88675 USAAF, c/n 10514, c/r N60795|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29060|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60795]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60795|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> * 42-88708 – BT-13 on display at the [[Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum]] in [[Rio Grande, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Airplanes|url=http://www.usnasw.org/?page_id=229|website=Naval Air Station Wildwood Aviation Museum|publisher=NASW Aviation Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13 Valiant, s/n 42-88708 USAAF, c/n 10547, c/r N40018|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=73135|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-89607 – BT-13B airworthy at the [[Yanks Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee V-79 Valiant (BT-13B)|url=http://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B|website=Yanks Air Museum|publisher=Yanks Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116102724/https://yanksair.com/Products/165/70/Vultee-V-79-Valiant-BT-13B/|archivedate=16 November 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-89607 USAAF, c/n 79-0326, c/r N4425V|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=25130|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N4425V]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N4425V|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-89678 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Castle Air Museum]] in [[Atwater, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft on Display|url=http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay|website=Castle Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232620/http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay/|archivedate=14 November 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13A Valiant, s/n 42-89678 USAAF, c/r N63952|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=64942|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-90018 – BT-13B on static display at the [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]] at [[Robins Air Force Base]] in [[Warner Robins, Georgia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13B "Valiant"|url=http://www.museumofaviation.net/?artwork=bt-13b-valiant|website=Museum of Aviation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-90296 – BT-13B airworthy at the War Eagles Air Museum in [[Santa Teresa, New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://www.war-eagles-air-museum.com/exhibit.php?id=9|website=War Eagles Air Museum|publisher=War Eagles Air Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier – Vultee BT-13B Valiant, s/n 42-90296 USAAF, c/n 79-1293, c/r N63697|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=29721|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N63697]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N63697|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * 42-90629 – BT-13B on static display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vultee BT-13B Valiant|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/196294/vultee-bt-13b-valiant.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=20 April 2015}}</ref> * c/n 3131 – BT-13A airworthy with Vultee Resource & Management in [[Yukon, Oklahoma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N68178]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N68178|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> * c/n 7832 – BT-13A on static display at the [[Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum]] in [[McMinnville, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sparkes|first1=Graham F.|title=VULTEE VALIANT, N57655 / 7832, EVERGREEN AVIATION AND SPACE MUSEUM|url=http://abpic.co.uk/pictures/view/1488226|website=ABPic|publisher=AIR-BRITAIN|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=18 September 2014}}</ref> * c/n 8408 – BT-13 on static display at the [[Fort Worth Aviation Museum]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 Valiant|url=http://fortworthaviationmuseum.com/category/our-aircraft/bt-13-valiant|website=Fort Worth Aviation Museum|publisher=Fort Worth Aviation Museum|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> * c/n 10990 – BT-13A airworthy with Thomas F. Hinckley in [[Hubbard, Oregon]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N9743N]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N9743N|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=26 September 2017}}</ref> * Unknown ID – Unknown variant in storage in unrestored condition at the [[Planes of Fame Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BT-13 wreck at the Planes of Fame Museum AZ|url=http://pacaeropress.websitetoolbox.com/post/bt13-wreck-at-the-planes-of-fame-museum-az-3684438|website=Wreckchasing.com|accessdate=15 November 2016|date=25 September 2008}}</ref> * Unknown ID – BT-13 under restoration at the [[Fargo Air Museum]] in [[Fargo, North Dakota]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Restoration project: BT-13|url=http://www.fargoairmuseum.org/projects|website=Fargo Air Museum|accessdate=6 December 2016}}</ref> ==Popular culture== {{refimprove section|date=December 2014}} [[File:Aichi D3A Replica Airshow.jpg|thumb|[[Aichi D3A]] replica at the Geneseo Airshow. In 1968 a Vultee BT-13 Valiant (N56867) was converted to a Val replica for use in the filming of the movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!", flown as Val "AI-244" (Carrier Akagi). The BT-13 has been maintained in that configuration ever since, and is now flown at airshows as "BI-211" with markings of Carrier Soryu.]] BT-13s were used by [[Twentieth Century Fox]] in the 1970 motion picture "[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]"; 9 units were purchased in 1968 and modified to resemble Japanese "Val" dive bombers. The "Zero" fighters and "Kate" torpedo bombers in that movie were modified [[T6 Texan|Harvard IV]]'s.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} After filming, the studio sold the altered aircraft to private owners. Many are still flying, several of them as part of the [[Commemorative Air Force|Commemorative Air Force's]] "Tora! Tora! Tora!" squadron, which performs air battle reenactments at air shows. Several "Tora" aircraft also appeared in the later "[[Pearl Harbor (film)|Pearl Harbor]]" film.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} ==Specifications (BT-13A)== {{Aircraft specs |ref=United States Military Aircraft since 1909<ref name="swan mil p461">Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 461</ref> |prime units?=imp |crew=2 |length ft=28 |length in=10 |span ft=42 |span in=0 |height m= |height ft=11 |height in=6 |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft=239 |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb=3375 |empty weight note= |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb=4496 |gross weight note= |fuel capacity= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 name=[[Pratt & Whitney R-985]]-AN-1 |eng1 type=nine-cylinder air-cooled [[radial engine]] |eng1 kw= |eng1 hp=450 |prop blade number=2 |prop name=Hamilton-Standard 2-position |prop dia m= |prop dia ft= |prop dia in= |max speed kmh= |max speed mph=180 |max speed kts= |never exceed speed kmh= |never exceed speed mph= |never exceed speed kts= |range km= |range miles=725 |range nmi= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft=21650 |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |time to altitude=9.2 minutes to {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}} |avionics= }} ==See also== '''Related development:''' * [[P-66 Vanguard]] '''Comparable aircraft:''' *[[North American T-6 Texan]] ==References== {{Reflist}} *{{cite book|last=Andersson|first=Lennart|title=A History of Chinese Aviation: Encyclopedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China to 1949|year=2008|publisher=AHS of ROC|location=Taipei, Republic of China|isbn=978-957-28533-3-7}} *{{cite book|last1=Swanborough|first1=F. G.|last2=Bowers|first2=Peter M.|authorlink2=Peter M. Bowers|title=U.S. Military Aircraft since 1909|year=1963|publisher=Putnam|location=London}} *{{cite book|last=Wegg|first=John|title=General Dynamics Aircraft and their Predecessors|year=1990|publisher=Putnam Aeronautical Books|location=London|isbn=0-85177-833-X}} ==External links== {{commons category|Vultee BT-13 Valiant}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090107004653/http://bt-13.org/ BT-13 Vultee Valiant – World War II Trainer Aircraft History and Information Site ] {{Vultee aircraft}} {{USN scout aircraft}} {{USAF trainer aircraft}} [[Category:Vultee aircraft|BT-13]] [[Category:United States military trainer aircraft 1930–1939]] [[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] [[Category:Low-wing aircraft]] [[Category:World War II trainer aircraft of the United States]] [[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1939]]'